选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5 EDUCATION（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．facilitate vt.促进；使便利 2．cultivate vt.培养，养成(技能、态度或素质) 3．fellow man人类 4．philosopher n．哲学家 5．enlighten vt.启迪；指导，教导 6．straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的 7．doll n．玩偶 8．initially adv.起初 9．imitation n．模仿，仿效 10．violet n．紫罗兰 11．ray n．(太阳或月亮的)光线 12．abstract adj.抽象的 13．concept n．概念；想法 14．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展 15．necklace n．项链 16．objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的 17．well-rounded adj.多面的，全面的 18．cognition n．认识，认知 19．core adj.核心的 20．insight n．洞察力；顿悟 21．civil adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的 22．integrity n．正直，诚实；完整 23．acquisition n．获得，习得 24．economics n．经济学 25．uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地 26．respectively adv.各自地 27．initiative n．主动性 28．autonomous adj.自主的；自治的 29．demonstrate vt.展示；说明 30．royal adj.皇家的；王室的 31．primitive adj.原始的 32．BCE 公元前 33．prison n．监狱 34．conventional adj.守旧的；传统的 35．kingdom n．王国 36．civilisation n．文明 37．apron n．围裙 38．entitle vt.名为……；使有权利 39．imply vt.意味着…… 40．overall adj.全部的 41．preoccupied adj.全神贯注的 42．philosophy n．思想体系；哲学 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．significance n．重要性，意义 2．promote vt.促进，增进 3．sympathy n．同情，同情心 4．insist vi.坚称；坚持主张 5．severe adj.很严重的 6．stubborn adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的 7．tendency n．倾向 8．superb adj.极好的，卓越的 9．eyesight n．视力 10．relate vi.理解；相联系 11．technique n．技巧，手法 12．stream n．水流 13．liquid n．液体 14．precious adj.宝贵的 15．grasp vt.理解，领会 16．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的 17．vocabulary n．词汇量 18．complex adj.复杂的；难以理解的 19．gently adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地 20．apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的 21．forehead n．额，前额 22．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的 23．gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益 24．pursue vt.追求 25．critical adj.批评的，批判的 26．moral adj.道德(上)的 27.regardless adv.不管；不顾 28．circumstance n．境况，状况；情况，情形 29．citizen n．公民；市民 30．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 31．obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的 32．rank n．等级 33．worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 34．church n．教会；教堂 35．universe n．宇宙 36．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃 37．owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 38．shadow n．阴影 39．vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 40．mankind n．人类 41．routine n．惯例，常规；例行公事 42．motion n．运动 43．timetable n．时间表，日程表；时刻表 44．facility n．设施，设备 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．consistent adj.一贯的，一致的→consist vi.由……组成；在于 2．analyse vt.分析，剖析→analysis n．分析，剖析 3．educator n．教育工作者→educate vt.教育；教导，指导→education n．教育→educational adj.教育(方面)的；有教育意义的→educationalist n．教育(学)家 4．evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价 5．exceptionally adv.极其，非常；例外地；罕见地→exceptional adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外的→exception n．例外；除外→except prep.除了……之外 6．restriction n．限制，规定，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束→restrictive adj.限制性的，约束的 7．unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的→bear vt.忍受；承受→bearable adj.可以忍受的 8．troublesome adj.令人烦恼的；引起麻烦的→trouble n．问题，麻烦 9．excitement n．兴奋，激动→excite vt.使激动；使兴奋→excited adj.激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的 10．painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→painfully adv.令人痛苦地；艰难地→pain n．痛；痛苦 11.enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiastically adv.热情地，热心地→enthusiasm n．热情 12．expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n．扩大；扩充；扩张 13．puzzle vt.使困惑，使迷惑n.谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人困惑的；费解的→puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的 14．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.(使)失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望 15．contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献→contribution n．奉献，捐献 16．finance n．金融；财政→financial adj.金融的；财政的 17．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的→exposure n．接触；暴露 18．surrounding adj.四周的，附近的→surround vt.包围；围绕→surroundings n．环境 19．judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决→judge v．判断 n．法官；审判员 20．behave vi.表现→behavio(u)r n．表现；行为 21．conclusion n．结论→conclude vt.推断出；得出结论vi.结束，终结 22．definition n．定义，释义→define vt.下定义；界定 23．responsibility n．责任→responsible adj.有责任的 24．priority n．优先处理的事；优先权→prior adj.优先的；较重要的；先前的；较早的 25．stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n．刺激，激励，激发 26．assess vt.评价→assessment n．评价；估价 27.inefficient adj.效率低的，能力差的→efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的→efficiency n．效率 28．approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→approving adj.赞成的；赞许的；同意的→approval n．赞成；赞许；批准→disapprove vt.不赞成，反对 29．urge vt.强烈要求；敦促→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency n．急迫；急事 30．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设→assuming conj.假设；假定 31．respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的→respect vt.尊敬 n．尊敬；方面→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；得体的→respectful adj.尊敬的；恭敬的 32．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.明智的 33．beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的→benefit vt.对……有益 vi.受益于n.利益 34．arrange vt.排列，布置→arrangement n．排列，布置 1．stain/steIn/vi.& vt.(被)染污，(被)弄污 2．pyramid/'pIrəmId/n.金字塔 3．bargain/'bɑːɡən/n.便宜货，减价品 4．file/faIl/vi.& vt.提出(申请) 5．incur/In'kɜː/vt.引致，带来 6．depreciate/dI'priːʃieIt/vi.贬值，跌价 7．itemize/'aItəmaIz/vt.分条列举；详细列举 8．merchandise/'mɜːtʃəndaIz/n.商品；货品 9．twist/twIst/n.意外转折 10．motto/'mɒtəʊ/n.箴言，格言，座右铭 11．launder/'lɔːndə/vt.洗熨(衣服、床单等) 12．accessory/ək'sesəri/n.附件，配件，附属品 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．regardless of不管；不顾 2．in conclusion最后 3．have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 4．relate to理解；有关 5．hold up举起 6．open up开放，开启 7．be eager to do sth渴望做某事 8．be enthusiastic about对……有热情 9．put one’s arm round/around sb搂住某人 10．keep on doing sth继续做某事 11．work on从事 12．in a flash突然，一瞬间 13．to start with首先，作为开始 14．be used to doing习惯于 15．go against反对；对……不利 16．come to one’s defence 为某人辩护 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan.(get sb/sth done) 海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。 2．Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(now that引导原因状语从句) 由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。 3．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.(it 作形式宾语) 我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。 4．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.[It was the＋序数词＋time (that)＋主语＋had done...] 那是海伦第一次明白那个她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。 5．Without love you would not be happy or want to play.(without 引导的含蓄虚拟语气) 没有爱，你就不会快乐，也不会想玩耍。 6．...people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.(with的复合结构) ……像伽利略•伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．philosopher n．哲学家 2．straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的 3．initially adv.起初 4．abstract adj.抽象的 5．concept n．概念；想法 6．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展 7．necklace n．项链 8．objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的 9．insight n．洞察力；顿悟 10．civil adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分) 1．sympathy n．同情，同情心 2．insist vi.坚称；坚持主张 3．stubborn adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的 4．stream n．水流 5．precious adj.宝贵的 6．grasp vt.理解，领会 7．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的 8．vocabulary n．词汇量 9．complex adj.复杂的；难以理解的 10．apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的 11．gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益 12．pursue vt.追求 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分) 1．educator n．教育工作者→educate vt.教育；教导；指导→education n．教育→educational adj.教育(方面)的；有教育意义的→educationalist n．教育(学)家 2．exceptionally adv.极其，非常；例外地；罕见地→exceptional adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外的→exception n．例外；除外→except prep.除了……之外 3．restriction n．限制，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束→restrictive adj.限制性的，约束的 4．troublesome adj.令人烦恼的；引起麻烦的→trouble n．问题，麻烦 5．expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n．扩大；扩充；扩张 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．stain vi.& vt.(被)染污，(被)弄污 2．merchandise n．商品；货品 3．bargain n．便宜货，减价品 4．motto n．箴言，格言，座右铭 5．launder vt.洗熨(衣服、床单等) Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．in conclusion 最后 2．regardless of 不管；不顾 3．have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 4．hold up 举起 5．be eager to do sth渴望做某事 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共18分) 1．The novel consists of 120 chapters but the language style of the second half is not consistent with the first half.(consist) 2．These researchers analysed the result of the experiment carefully，and finally drew a scientific conclusion from the analysis.(analyse) 3．Many students are asked to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester by filling in an evaluation form.(evaluate) 4．I can bear to be given extra assignments，but I find it unbearable to be blamed for the extra tasks I have done.(bear) 5．From the audience’s disappointed expression，we could tell that the film was very disappointing and many people were disappointed at it.(disappoint) 6．“Hi，here！I have exciting news for you！” my brother said in an excited voice.On hearing the news，I jumped up in excitement.(excite) 7．She is enthusiastic about her work，so she enthusiastically threw herself into her work and it is because of her enthusiasm that she has won her peers’ praise.(enthusiastic) 8．This kind of drug can make your painful back a little more comfortable and your pain can be eased.(pain) 9．This puzzling problem puzzled all of us and we had no idea how to solve the puzzle.(puzzle) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students. 2．Today，I am enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. 3．To earn a living，I opened up a shop last month in the suburbs of our city. 4．In conclusion，people around the world should protect the water resources. 5．She is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless of what the future holds. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．你必须在周五之前完成工作以防你错过最后期限。(get sth done) You must get the work done by Friday in case you miss the deadline. 2．既然我们知道了污染的严重后果，现在是时候立即采取措施来处理它了。(now that引导原因状语从句) Now that we know the serious consequences of pollution，it is time to take immediate measures to deal with it. 3．我要表明我对你没有偏见。(it 作形式宾语) I want to make it clear that I have no prejudice against you. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分) 1．integrity n．正直，诚实；完整 2．economics n．经济学 3．respectively adv.各自地 4．demonstrate vt.展示；说明 5．royal adj.皇家的；王室的 6．conventional adj.守旧的；传统的 7．civilisation n．文明 8．imply vt.意味着…… Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分) 1．moral adj.道德(上)的 2．circumstance n．境况，状况；情况，情形 3．citizen n．公民；市民 4．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 5．obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的 6．rank n．等级 7．worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 8．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃 9．owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 10．shadow n．阴影 11．vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 12．routine n．惯例，常规；例行公事 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共20分) 1．finance n．金融；财政→financial adj.金融的；财政的 2．behave vi.表现→behavio(u)r n．表现；行为 3．definition n．定义，释义→define vt.下定义 4．priority n．优先处理的事；优先权→prior adj.优先的；较重要的；先前的；较早的 5．stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n．刺激，激励，激发 6．assess vt.评价→assessment n．评价；估价 7．inefficient adj.效率低的，能力差的→efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的→efficiency n．效率 8．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设→assuming conj.假设；假定 9．respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的→respect vt.尊敬 n．尊敬；方面→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；得体的→respectful adj.尊敬的；恭敬的 10．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.明智的 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．pyramid n．金字塔 2．file vi.& vt.提出(申请) 3．itemize vt.分条列举；详细列举 4．accessory n．附件，配件，附属品 5．twist n．意外转折 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．in a flash突然，一瞬间 2．to start with首先，作为开始 3．be used to doing习惯于 4．go against反对；对……不利 5．come to one’s defence 为某人辩护 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．Through TV，kids have regular exposure to sex and violence.It is bad to expose kids to such things and we should make kids exposed to some good books.(expose) 2．A lot of children at the school do not live in the town，but come from the surrounding countryside，where the surroundings are very terrible.(surround) 3．Judging from his failure，it was his lack of experience that affected his own judgement.(judge) 4．The students concluded the hotter the water was，the more salt would be dissolved in it.But the teacher disagreed with the conclusion.(conclude) 5．Now that you have grown up，you should be responsible for what you are doing and it is your responsibility to set an example to your future generation.(responsible) 6．Tom had hoped to meet with the manager’s approval and from the manager’s approving nod，he knew that his plan was approved.(approve) 7．The teacher urged that the students should be taught how to take urgent action in the face of urgency.(urge) 8．This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the local people.For the benefit of more people，we should build more railways.(benefit) 9．It’s arranged that the meeting will be held on Sunday，so we must make arrangements for everything before Saturday.(arrange) 10．His great contributions to the company have contributed to its rapid development in recent years.(contribute) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分) 1．It kept on raining for several days，which completely ruined our picnic. 2．There is no denying that travellers are used to living in different climates and conditions. 3．Judging from the present situation，the contest is going against the blue team. 4．We hadn’t seen each other for a long time，so once I saw him，I rushed forward and put my arm round him. 5．After Jack had sent some e-mails，he started working on his project to be handed in next Sunday. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．这是我第一次在火车上亲眼目睹急救。[It was the＋序数词＋time (that)＋主语＋had done...] It was the first time that I had witnessed first aid with my own eyes on the train. 2．如果没有那个年轻医生的救援和乘客们的帮助，那个老人可能已经死了。(without 引导的含蓄虚拟语气) Without the rescue of the young doctor and assistance of passengers，the old man could have died. 3．有更多的人提供帮助，世界将会更美丽。(with的复合结构) The world will be more beautiful with more people offering helping hands. Education is 1.exceptionally(exception) significant in facilitating individual development and promoting social progress.It helps cultivate creative minds and develop sympathy for fellow men.Educators 2.are expected(expect) to teach moral lesson，enlighten minds and clarify what puzzles students. Some people think that teaching means 3.expanding(expand) students’ vocabularies，and making students understand abstract concepts to cope with all kinds of assessments.Obviously，this cognition is wrong.Teaching is much 4.more complex(complex) than this.Teaching can be painful.It is apparent that not all students are brilliant,5.which implies that teachers have to try all methods to make slow students to gain knowledge.Some students，who think all restrictions unbearable，are troublesome and stubborn.They never have schools’ timetables in mind and have their own daily routine.6.However，teachers are expected not to abandon a single student regardless of his/her bad behaviour.They have to urge students to study hard，stimulate the initiative in students and teach them integrity so that they can make 7.contributions(contribute) to society in the future.In addition，students are now exposed to complex circumstances，so it is vital for them to think critically.That is，it is teachers’ responsibility 8.to cultivate(cultivate) students’ insight and judgement.However，the fruit of education is sweet.Almost all civilisation regarded teachers as worthy and respected citizens.Many successful people owe their success partly 9.to their teachers.In conclusion，education is 10.beneficial(benefit) to mankind. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 consistent adj.一致的；一贯的；始终如一的(consist vi.由……组成；在于；与……一致) •be consistent with...与……一致 •consist of(＝be made up of＝be composed of)由……组成 consist in在于……；存在于…… consist with和……一致 (1)It is apparent that the value of our life consists in pursuing our objective and making one breakthrough after another. (2)He is a reliable educator and philosopher whose actions are always consistent with his words. (3)(读后续写之升华句)众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。 It is universally acknowledged that life consists of/is made up of/is composed of not only sunshine but also storms. (4)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你想让别人相信你，你的言行应该一致。 If you want others to believe in you，your conduct should consist with/be consistent with what you say. 用法点拨　consist of没有被动语态和进行时态。 sympathy n．同情，同情心(sympathetic adj.同情的；支持的sympathetically adv.同情地；怜悯地) •express/show sympathy for sb向某人表达同情 have (no) sympathy for sb(不)同情某人 out of sympathy出于同情 in/with sympathy＝sympathetically同情地 in sympathy with...赞同/支持…… •be sympathetic to对……同情；赞同，支持…… (1)To tell you the truth，I am not in sympathy with your solution for it is too complex. (2)Meredith太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他们带来食物和药品。 (改编自2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) Mrs Meredith was sympathetic to/had sympathy for the poor，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time. (3)(读后续写之动作情感描写)她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。 Approaching the poor boy，she gathered him into her arms in/with sympathy/sympathetically. (4)看到这一幕，我的心里涌起一阵同情。出于同情，我决定给这个天真的女孩一些支持与帮助。 At the sight of the scene，a wave of sympathy welled up in my heart.Out of sympathy，I determined to give the innocent girl some help and support. insist vi.& vt.坚持认为；坚决主张/要求 insist on/upon (sb/sb’s) doing sth坚持(某人)做某事 insist that... (1)The old lady insisted that the homeless boy had stolen(steal) her wallet and insisted that he (should) be put(put) into prison. (2)我坚持认为为了保护海洋我们每天应从小事做起，并且我坚决要求每个人都参与进来。 (2022·全国甲，书面表达) I insist that we do simple things every day to protect the ocean and that everyone (should) take part in it. (3)只有坚持追求梦想，你才能获得突破，才能为世界做出贡献。 Only if you insist on pursing your dream will you gain breakthroughs and make contributions to the world. puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)困惑 n．谜；难题(puzzled adj.困惑的；茫然的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的) •puzzle over/about苦思冥想；仔细琢磨 •be puzzled about对……迷惑不解 (1)After hearing the puzzling conclusion，he had a puzzled look on his face and I was puzzled as well.(puzzle) (2)(话题写作之传统文化)外国人对怎样正确地使用筷子感到困惑。 ①Foreigners are puzzled about/over how to use the chopsticks correctly.(puzzled adj.) ②What puzzles foreigners is how to use the chopsticks correctly.(puzzle vt.；主语从句) 用法点拨　puzzled，confused，frightened等分词化的形容词既用来修饰人，也用来修饰与人有关的名词，如：look，voice，smile，expression等。 disappointed adj.失望的，灰心的{disappoint vt.使失望；使破灭；使落空 disappointment n．[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事物 disappointing adj.令人失望的} •be disappointed at/with/by...对……失望 be disappointed to do sth对做某事失望 be disappointed that...因……失望 •to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 (1)Although being monitored can be painful and disappointing(disappoint)，it turns out that this can actually be good for you. (2)To their disappointment(disappoint)，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt. →What made them disappointed/What disappointed them was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写) →They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt，which made them disappointed/which disappointed them.(用定语从句改写) worthy adj.值得尊敬的；有价值的 •be worthy of值得…… be worthy to be done＝be worthy of being done值得做(某事) •be well worth doing非常值得做 •It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。 我保证我们学校图书馆里的自习室值得体验，因此请接受我真诚的邀请。 (2022·浙江6月，应用文写作) (1)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library is worthy of being experienced/to be experienced，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthy) (2)I guarantee that it is worthwhile to experience/experiencing the self-study room in our school library，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthwhile) (3)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library is worth experiencing，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worth) urge vt.敦促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动(urgent adj.紧急的urgency n．急迫；急事) •urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事 It is urged that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事。 •have/feel an urge to do sth有强烈的欲望做某事 (1)In case of urgency，call the police and they can help you handle urgent matters.(urge) (2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人反思他们不恰当的行为并且做出改变。 (2022·全国甲，书面表达) To protect oceans better，we must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior/must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes. (3)呼吁任何渴望为环境保护做出贡献的人都应该参加这场运动。 It is urged that anyone who has an urge to make contributions to environmental protection (should)participate in the campaign. owe vt.欠(钱、人情等)；归因于；归功于 •owe sb sth/owe sth to sb欠某人某物 owe sth to sb/sth把某事归功于某人或某事 •owing to因为，由于 (1)The brilliant inventor owed his new superb invention to the wisdom of all his workmates. (2)由于他出色的判断力，我们最终赢了这场比赛。 Owing to his excellent judg(e)ment，we finally won the game. (3)(应用文写作之道歉信)周五下午未能和你一起去书店，我应该向你道歉。 I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. regardless of不管；不顾 •regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实 •in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句) •with regard to关于；至于 (1)关于参赛资格，欢迎任何人参加活动，无论他们的英语熟练度如何。 With regard to the qualification of the competition，anybody is welcome to participate regardless of their English proficiency. (2)尽管生活中有苦难，她还是没有放弃她的梦想，最终成功了。 Despite/In spite of the sufferings and hardships in life，she didn’t give up her dream and finally made it to the top. get＋宾语＋宾补　Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan.海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。 •该句中got 作谓语，a superb teacher 作宾语，recommended to them作宾补。其中，宾语和宾补之间为动宾关系，表示被动。构成“ vt.＋宾语＋过去分词”结构。 •可以用于该结构的动词常常是感官动词，如see，notice，watch，hear，feel等，以及使役动词，如have，get，keep，leave，make 等。此外want，like 等表示想或好恶的词也有此用法。 (1)It is said that the headmaster intends to get the schoolyard expanded(expand) next year. (2)那位著名的作家在一次事故中去世了，他的最后一部作品还没有完成。 That famous writer passed away in an accident，leaving his last work unfinished. (3)让她兴奋的是，她看到周围的环境改善了很多。 To her excitement，she saw the surroundings improved a lot. It was the＋序数词＋time (that) sb had done...　It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.那是海伦第一次明白那个她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。 •“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time (that) sb＋过去完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……” •“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/...time (that) sb＋现在完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……” •It is/was (about/high) time that...should do sth/did sth意为“到了……做某事的时间了”，should不能省略。相当于It is/was time for sb to do sth。 •There was a time when...曾经有一段时间…… (1)这是我们第一次准备英语话剧，为此我们迫切需要您的帮助。(2020·全国Ⅲ，书面表达) This is the first time that we have prepared for an English drama，for which we are in desperate need of your help. (2)那是我第一次把晚餐分发给那些需要帮助的人，所以我有点担心和紧张，汗水从额头上流下来。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写) That was the first time that I had passed out dinners to those in need，so I was a bit worried and nervous，with sweat running off my forehead. (3)到了政府应该采取有效措施保护野生动物免遭灭绝的时候了。 It is high time that the government should take/took effective measures to protect wildlife from extinction. (4)我仍然记得曾经有一段时间，我对与大自然有关的一切都很着迷。 I still remember there was a time when I was crazy about everything with nature. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．stream (1)The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.(2021·全国甲) B (2)A stream of cold air rushed through the open door. D (3)Can you jump across the stream？ A (4)Tears streamed from her eyes when she saw the sad movie. C 2．gain (1)Oh，my goodness.My watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours. C (2)These policies have resulted in great gains in public health. D (3)It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not.(2021·天津6月) A (4)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月) B 3．rank (1)He was soon promoted to the rank of general in the army. B (2)She ranked the bottles in order of size along the shelf. C (3)She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank. A (4)It is not advisable for teachers to rank students according to their grades. D 4．promote (1)They are under so much pressure that they have to promote their new products on television. C (2)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country，China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.(2022·全国乙) A (3)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. B (4)After months’ hard practice，they were promoted to the First Division last season. D 5．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)Many people are in sympathy with your views.同意，赞同 (2)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.沉湎于；放纵 (3)Located in Moscow，the Kremlin is a symbol of Russia and one of the world’s largest complexes.建筑群 (4)I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.细谈，详谈 (5)Although the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it.大量的；相当数量的 (6)The plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river has proved to be practical.抽取 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．When criticised that what he said was not consistent with what he did，he smiled in embarrassment. 2．Our English teacher insisted that we (should) imitate(imitate) the pronunciation of broadcasters of BBC. 3．There is a growing tendency(tend) for people to suffer from severe tension and a bad mood nowadays. 4．To his disappointment(disappoint)，what he earned couldn’t cover the monthly expense of the family. 5．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of being watched(watch)． 6．For thousands of years，people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on wisdom(wise)．(2023·全国甲) 7．Who do you suppose should take responsibility(responsible) for the car accident? 8．Under unbearable(bear) circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende with the objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties. 9．You’d better go to the surgery to get your bleeding hand treated(treat)． 10．This is the first time that she has taken(take) a ballet course，so she is quite clumsy. 假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华，学生会准备开展一次“人工智能与未来教育”的专家讲座活动。请你写一则英语通知发布到学校英文网站，号召同学们积极参加，内容包括： 1.活动的时间和地点； 2.专家简介和讲座内容； 3.报名方式。 完成句子 1．随着人工智能技术越来越受到学生的关注，6月20日下午2至3点，我校礼堂将举办一场主题为“人工智能与未来教育”的讲座。(with复合结构) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．众所周知，这是我们第一次举办这样的活动，对老师和学生来说都会非常有吸引力。(It is the first time that...) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．该讲座由人工智能技术领域的领军人物吴教授来做。(get＋宾语＋过去分词) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4．除了向你介绍这项技术的概况外，他还将明确人工智能技术如何应用于并影响未来的教育。(it作形式宾语) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5．既然你们对这次讲座很感兴趣，请不要错过，6月16日前可以到学生会报名。(now that引导状语从句；enthusiastic) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 Notice Lecture：AI and Tomorrow’s Education With the AI technology attracting more and more students’ attention，a lecture with the theme of “AI and Tomorrow’s Education” is scheduled to be held in our school auditorium from 2 p．m.to 3 p．m.on June 20th. As we all know，it is the first time that we have held such an activity，so it will be exceptionally appealing to both teachers and students.Professor Wu，a leading researcher in AI technology，will get the lecture delivered.Besides offering you a general picture of this technology，he will also make it clear how AI technology can be applied to and affect tomorrow’s education. Now that you are enthusiastic about this lecture，don’t miss it and you can register with the Students’ Council before June 16th. Li Hua Chairman of the Students’ Council 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　sympathy；unbearable；troublesome；superb；straightforward；excitement；painful；enthusiastic；complex；gently；disappointed；puzzle；critical；integrity；conventional；preoccupied [人物描写]　promote；facilitate；insist；evaluate；stubborn；enlighten；grasp；expand；gain；pursue；educate；contribute；expose；stimulate；assess；approve；urge；abandon；owe；restrict 美句 1.She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.(人物描写) 2.However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing.(情感描写) 3.When her teacher said that it wasn’t，she was confused and disappointed.(情感描写) 4.You cannot touch love either；but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything.Without love you would not be happy or want to play.(主旨升华) 5.He is now known as the father of astronomy.(比喻) 6.In the picture，a man is wearing a hat and an apron，and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily.(人物描写) 7.It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules，because they can make us blind to what is in front of us.(主旨升华) 拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：“嘴”动“唇”动 词块 open-mouthed目瞪口呆的　mouth drops/hangs wide open 张大嘴巴　widen one’s mouth 咧开嘴　feel one’s throat tight and one’s mouth dry感到喉咙发紧，嘴发干　cup/cover one’s mouth 捂住某人的嘴　down in the mouth垂头丧气，嘴角下垂　one’s heart in one’s mouth 提心吊胆　lick one’s lips 舔嘴唇　purse one’s lips噘嘴　bite one’s lip 忍住话，抑制情感流露 句型 She froze，her mouth hanging open.(独立主格)她呆住了，嘴张开着。 Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress.疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。 He straightened up and looked at me，open-mouthed/his mouth dropping open in surprise.他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。 With a smile playing around his mouth，he recalled the happy past days.(with复合结构)嘴角挂着微笑，他回忆起过去的快乐时光。 A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting us at ease.(拟人)她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。 My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.闻到食物的香味，我的嘴开始流口水了。 She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks. 她咬着下唇不让它颤抖，泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。 语料运用　主题：“第一课” The first time I delivered a lecture as a university lecturer，I felt extremely painful and anxious，①my throat tight and my mouth dry(独立主格结构)．②I have an urge to escape，but I was not a student but a teacher now.Thinking of it，I tried to ③bite my upper lip to keep it from trembling.Then，I quickly ④cleared my throat and licked my lips，hoping audience off the stage didn’t notice my uneasiness.Some students straightened up and looked at me ⑤open-mouthed/their mouth dropping open in surprise，which again made me almost abandon.⑥Disappointed with myself(形容词短语作状语)，I managed to take a few deep breaths and calm down by recalling some happy scenes.Finally，⑦a weak smile began to dance around the corners of my mouth(拟人) and I finally could take control of my emotion as well as my first class. 作为一名大学讲师，第一次上课时，我感到极度痛苦和焦虑，喉咙紧绷，口干。我有逃跑的冲动，但我现在不是学生，而是老师。想到这里，我努力咬着上唇，以免它颤抖。然后，我迅速清了清嗓子，舔了舔嘴唇，希望台下的观众不要注意到我的不安。有些学生直起身子惊讶地张大嘴巴看着我，这再次让我几乎想放弃。我对自己感到失望，于是做了几次深呼吸，试图回忆起一些快乐的场景，让自己平静下来。最后，一抹浅浅的微笑开始在我的嘴角飞舞，我终于可以控制自己的情绪，掌控我的第一次课堂。 高考题型组合练(1) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Here are the best art contests to enter in 2023. Artists Magazine Annual Art Competition This contest seeks to encourage future artists.Kids under 16 are encouraged to submit two-dimensional artwork including paintings，drawings，computer-generated artwork，photographs，and more to their representatives for consideration，wherever they are.Entries are accepted online each spring.The fees are $20 for each entry.The winners will have their artwork publicly displayed at the Capitol for a year，and are also honored at an award. The Chelsea Fine Arts Competition For 30 years，this annual art contest has awarded worldwide visual artists.This contest is open to visual artists from around the world at any stage of their careers who are at least 18 years of age.The entry period is from March 3rd until June 3rd.There’s a fee for entering：$40 for two pieces of artwork.There’s an early bird period with a reduced fee for entries. Doodle for Google Art Contest This annual contest gives exposure and support to people around the globe who use technology to create artwork.Aside from the prizes，this contest also involves exhibitions and events to raise awareness.The entry fees are $50 for up to five images and $5 for each additional image.The deadline for entries and fees is in mid-March. The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards The art contest is open to students who are at least 13 years old from September to December.No fee is charged for this contest.Winners are selected in the visual and literary arts on the basis of originality and technical skill and will receive prizes that include publication，exhibition，and educational scholarships worth up to $10,000. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在2023年举办的艺术比赛，包括报名费、截止日期等信息。 1．What do the first two contests have in common? A．They charge differently. B．They are intended for teenagers. C．They offer a reduced fee for beginners. D．They are international contest. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Artists Magazine Annual Art Competition部分中“Kids under 16 are encouraged to submit two-dimensional artwork including...wherever they are.”和The Chelsea Fine Arts Competition部分中“This contest is open to visual artists from around the world...”可知，这两个比赛都是面向全球的。故选D项。 2．How much should be paid for seven entries for Doodle for Google Art Contest? A．$50. B．$55. C．$60. D．$65. 答案　C 解析　数字计算题。根据Doodle for Google Art Contest部分中“The entry fees are $50 for up to five images and $5 for each additional image.”可知，7份参赛作品需要交的报名费是(50＋5×2＝)60美元。故选C项。 3．What makes The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards special? A．Teenagers can sign up for free. B．This contest is held every year. C．Only teenagers can enter for it. D．Prize winners will make a speech. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards部分中“No fee is charged for this contest.”可知，参加这个艺术比赛是免报名费的。故选A项。 B(★) There are some things money can’t buy.Education，however，does not appear to be among them—at least as measured by performance on international exams.A new study by Harvard University offers strong evidence that the wealth of a country affects exam results just as much as the wealth of a pupil’s household does.On average，pupils in wealthy countries obtain vastly higher test scores than those in developing ones. Evaluating test scores around the world is harder than it sounds.Although pupils in the rich world mostly take one of a few big international exams，many developing countries rely on regional tests，making apples-to-apples comparisons impossible. Researchers organized an exam in 2016 for 2,314 children in India，which included both questions from the leading tests and ones taken from smaller exams.Using answers from the same pupils on the same day to questions from different tests，they built a statistical model they called a “Rosetta Stone”．It can translate scores from a range of exams—such as one used only in west Africa—into an equal mark on other common international tests. They then used these equations(等式) to estimate how pupils in 80 different countries would fare on the benchmark(基准) Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)．Their data show that the wealth of a student’s country and family have similar impacts on test scores—meaning that big gaps in GDP per person matter more than small ones in household income do.For example，pupils from families that are very poor by rich-world standards—those earning $5,000 a year—are expected to score around 500 out of 1,000 on the TIMSS in America，and 560 in Japan.In contrast，those whose parents make $10,000 a year in an upper-middle income country can only get the equivalent(等值) of a 475. The influence of parental earnings is not constant.Rich people tend to educate their children privately in places where wealth is concentrated，such as Brazil.However，in countries with relatively flat income distributions，like Croatia，pupils from different social classes are more likely to attend the same schools.This could reduce the impact of family wealth on test scores. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了哈佛大学的一项新研究证明一个国家的富裕程度和学生家庭的富裕程度对考试成绩的影响一样大。 4．Why is it hard to evaluate the exam scores on a global level? A．Because the types of exams vary with countries. B．Because many rich countries refuse regional tests. C．Because the wealth of a country affects exam results. D．Because no international exam is available to poor areas. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，富裕国家的学生大多会参加大型国际考试，而许多发展中国家依靠地区考试，说明不同国家的考试的类型不一，使得从全球范围评估考试成绩变得不可能。故选A。 5．Why did the researchers establish a “Rosetta Stone”？ A．To integrate different exams into a common one. B．To evaluate different exams with distinct approaches. C．To fix the standard of the exams in different countries. D．To turn scores of different exams into an equivalent mark. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“It can translate scores from a range of exams—such as one used only in west Africa—into an equal mark on other common international tests.”可知，研究者创建Rosetta Stone是为了将不同考试的分数转化为等值分数。故选D。 6．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．Poor students tend to be academically superior to rich ones. B．Students from rich families will definitely get higher grades. C．The influence of family income on students is related to circumstances. D．People with high social status are more likely to educate their children privately. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在财富集中的地方，富人倾向于让他们的孩子接受私人教育，而在收入分配相对平等的国家，来自不同社会阶层的学生更有可能上同样的学校。由此可推知，家庭收入的多少对学生的影响和其所在的环境有关系。故选C。 7．What is the text mainly about? A．Education is something money can’t buy. B．The wealth of a country matters for education. C．Family income plays an important role in education. D．A statistical model helps to evaluate the exam scores. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段中“A new study by Harvard University...than those in developing ones.”指出，国家富裕的程度对孩子教育的影响起着至关重要的作用，接下来的段落主要围绕这一点展开论述。所以选项B最能概括文意，故选B。 C(★) Definitions of adult learning vary，but it is usually defined as all forms of learning undertaken by adults after having left initial education and training，however far this process may have gone. Education and training are important factors for achieving the strategy objectives of raising economic growth competitiveness and social inclusion.However，with some exceptions，the process of implementing education and training remains weak.Most education and training systems are still largely focused on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the lifespan. An additional 4 million adults would need to participate in lifelong learning.Recent research confirms the importance of investing in adult learning.The research on adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier，with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs. The big economic challenge in Europe is to raise its growth and employment performance while preserving social cohesion(凝聚力)．The rapid progress in other regions of the world shows the importance of creative，advanced and quality education and training as key factors of economic competitiveness.General levels of competence must increase，both to meet the needs of the labour market and to allow citizens to function well in today’s society. Europe is facing big demographic(人口的) changes that will have a major impact on society and on the economy and consequently on education and training provision and needs.Over the next 30 years，the number of younger Europeans will fall by 15%.One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old，and about one in ten will be over 80. Given the challenges identified above，raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons.Not only does lifelong learning help make adults more efficient workers and more active citizens，it also contributes to their personal well-being. 8．Which can replace the underlined word “implementing” in paragraph 2? A．Carrying out. B．Taking in. C．Knowing about. D．Looking over. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文的 “Most education and training systems are still largely...for learning throughout the lifespan.”可知，大多数教育系统仍主要关注年轻人，而关注终身教育的体系却没取得什么进步，即实施教育和培训的进程仍然薄弱。由此可推知，implementing意为“执行，实施”，相当于carrying out。故选A项。 9．What can we learn from the research? A．Adults have reduced healthcare costs. B．Learning is good for adults’ health. C．Few adults need to receive learning. D．More researches will focus on learning. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“The research on adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier，with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs.”可知，参与学习有益于成年人的健康。故选B项。 10．What problem does Europe face according to the text? A．Europeans are not healthy. B．Many old Europeans have died. C．The European population is aging. D．Young Europeans are out of work. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段“Europe is facing big demographic(人口的) changes...Over the next 30 years，the number of younger Europeans will fall...about one in ten will be over 80.”可知，未来三十年，欧洲年轻人的数量会减少，而老年人的数量会增多。这表明欧洲正面临人口老龄化问题。故选C项。 11．What does the author want to express in the last paragraph? A．Lifelong learning is essential. B．Raising adult population is significant. C．We should help more efficient workers. D．Work contributes to personal well-being. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Given the challenges identified above，raising the overall level...important for both efficiency and equity reasons.”可知，作者想表达终身教育是必不可少的。故选A项。 Ⅱ.七选五(★) (2023·新课标Ⅱ) As an artist who shares her journey on social media，I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately，there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember，though，what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本) for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.__1__ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ·Paint often and paint from life.There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lifes，portraits，or landscapes，paint from life as much as possible.__2__ ·Continually challenge yourself to try something new.__3__ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ·__4__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and，in turn，have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected，no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path.__5__ Push through，give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A．Get out of your comfort zone. B．Make career plans and set goals. C．Don’t throw away your beginner art. D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E．You’ll hit roadblocks，and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F．Evaluate your performance and，if needed，redefine your role. G．You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 1．答案　C 解析　根据设空处前后文内容可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项(不要扔掉你初学时的艺术作品)符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C。 2．答案　G 解析　设空处位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文可知，本段主要讲述要不断练习绘画，所以G项(你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)是对前文的总结。故选G。 3．答案　A 解析　根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful.”可知，A项(走出你的舒适区)是对前句的进一步说明，且与后文构成顺承关系。故选A。 4．答案　D 解析　设空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是可以分享自己的作品以获得建设性的反馈，所以D项(如果你感觉舒适的话，可以分享你的作品)符合本段的主旨。故选D。 5．答案　E 解析　根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path.”以及后文“Push through，give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.”可知，E项(你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)是对前句的进一步说明，且与后文构成顺承关系。故选E。 高考题型组合练(2) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) Reading is a complex and crucial skill that impacts the youth’s ability to perform as students.Therefore，it’s important to develop reading skills during childhood.A team of researchers focused on the effect of whole-body learning in instruction，known as embodied learning. The research included 149 children，aged 5 to 6，who had just started school.They were divided into three groups: one that stood up and used their whole bodies to shape letter sounds；a seated group that shaped letter sounds with their hands and arms；and a control group that received traditional，seated instruction during which they wrote letters by hand. “Our research showed that children who used their whole bodies to shape the sounds of letters became twice as proficient(熟练的) at letter sounds that are more difficult to learn as those who received traditional instruction，” says PhD student Linn Damsgaard of UCPH’s Department of Nutrition，Exercise and Sports. With regard to difficult letter sounds，she adds，“There are many difficult letter sounds in Danish.These sounds are particularly important because once children become proficient at them，they will be better readers.” Associate professor Jacob Wienecke，who led the study，explains，“The primary goal is to learn more about which methods can be used to give beginner readers a good start.The idea is that if，through play and movement，we can learn where their strengths truly lie，we’ll create a form of learning that combines reading with play，and that’s truly positive.” Previously，the researchers showed that the children felt more motivated by teaching methods which included physical movement.Jacob Wienecke hopes this will provide an opportunity to inspire teachers and school managers to prioritize movement across subjects. The study also investigated whether a direct effect of embodied learning could be found on children’s reading of individual words.This was not possible，which might be due to the fact that the children were at such an early stage of their literacy development that they could not yet use their knowledge of letter sounds to read words. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。全身学习，又称为体验式学习有助于培养孩子的阅读技能。文章介绍了与之相关的研究过程和发现。 1．What were the participants required to do in the study? A．To pick out difficult letter sounds in Danish. B．To learn new letters through repeated writing. C．To learn letter sounds using different approaches. D．To memorize some letter sounds as soon as possible. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，参与者在研究中被要求用不同的方法学习字母的读音。故选C。 2．How can embodied learning get children actively involved? A．By combining learning with games. B．By offering them chances to cooperate. C．By inspiring them to overcome difficulties. D．By explaining instructions to them patiently. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“The idea is that if，through play and movement...and that’s truly positive.”和第六段中“Previously，the researchers showed that the children felt more motivated by teaching methods which included physical movement.”可知，体验式学习通过将学习与游戏相结合让孩子积极参与。故选A。 3．What does Jacob expect of the research finding? A．Promoting harmonious teacher-student relationships. B．Urging schools to pay attention to physical exercise. C．Enabling researchers to carry out further studies. D．Encouraging educators to apply it to teaching. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中“Jacob Wienecke hopes this will provide an opportunity to inspire teachers and school managers to prioritize movement across subjects.”可知，雅各布期望此项研究发现可以鼓励教育工作者将其应用于教学。故选D。 4．What could be the best title for the text? A．Whole-body Learning—a Good Start to Children’s Reading B．Embodied Learning—a Booster for Children’s Reading Speed C．Children’s Reading Skills Matter a Lot in Their Literacy Development D．Children’s Literacy Development Depends on the Flexibility of Their Bodies 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要说明了全身学习，又称为体验式学习有助于培养孩子的阅读技能，并介绍了与之相关的研究过程和发现。由此可知，A选项“全身学习——儿童阅读的良好开端”最适合作文章标题。故选A。 B (2024·广东广州模拟) Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as nature’s engineers，they tear trees down to build homes to live in and dams to raise water levels for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water’s flow while blocking sediment(沉积物) that would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife diversity where none had existed.There are challenges，though.Beaver dams sometimes cause flooding，and most people prefer trees alive and upright. Communities face a delicate balancing act，learning to coexist with beavers.Last winter，many people enjoying Winston Path became beaver fans as one furry family transformed Swallow Pond into an oasis for birds，frogs，turtles and deer. Yet such activity caused concern.As beavers worked，they raised water levels about five feet.The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over.But county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path. To find a good balance between protecting the path and the beavers，the county introduced a “beaver_baffle”—a pond leveler.Beavers often rush to fill holes in their dams.Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the beavers. People love the beavers but they also love the mature trees.Recently，Catherine Jones,18，organized a tree-caging event—putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to discourage beavers from biting them.It also protects people from injury due to random trees falling.“We cover the trees we don’t want them to eat，while planting periodically others they like，”said Jones.“We need to learn to give up a little of our wants to share the Earth’s resources.” Swallow Pond’s 2023 project will restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海狸的活动对其栖息地产生的正向和负向的两种影响，Swallow Pond’s 2023 项目旨在达到人与海狸和谐共存。 5．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Where beavers’ favorite surroundings are. B．What effects beavers have on their habitat. C．Why beavers are called nature’s engineers. D．How beavers help attract wildlife diversity. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段“Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as...”可知，第一段主要讲海狸对它们的栖息地造成的影响。故选B。 6．Why did the beaver family’s activity cause concern? A．Swallow Pond would flood often. B．Sediment would flow downstream. C．The popular path might be damaged. D．Beavers might have to live underwater. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.”可知，海狸家族的活动之所以会引起担忧是因为受欢迎的小路可能会被破坏。故选C。 7．What do the underlined words “beaver baffle” refer to in paragraph 4? A．A block to keep beavers away. B．A tool to fix holes in the dams. C．A device to maintain water level. D．A material to protect the soil bank. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the beavers.”可推知，画线的单词beaver baffle应该指的是一个维持水位的装置。故选C。 8．What is the theme of Swallow Pond’s 2023 project? A．Biological diversity. B．Harmonious coexistence. C．Prevention of natural disasters. D．Preservation of wildlife habitat. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Swallow Pond’s 2023 project will restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues.”可推知，燕子塘2023年项目的主题是和谐共存。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 On the night of the speech contest，I was worried about the shy girl.My heart __1__ when I knew the boy on stage previous to her，__2__，was fairly successful with his humor and personal style.The whole audience burst out a wave of __3__ almost every 30 seconds. My palms(手掌) began to __4__.It was the first time that she had been on the stage，so I couldn’t blame her for any __5__.The strong spotlight made her so insignificant that nobody __6__ she had been on the stage. But the moment that __7__ me occurred.I clearly heard a __8__ voice，“Now，your __9__，please！” The whole audience fell quiet.Small and thin as the girl appeared，the __10__ look on her face instantly caught everyone’s eyes.Then her speech was on，logical and well-organized.Words of power __11__ freely out of the girl like magic.When her speech __12__，a thunderous applause sounded from the audience.When the competition was concluding，all of us waited __13__ for the winner’s name to be called.Tears of joy __14__ my vision when the host announced she won first prize.Holding the medal tightly，she gave me a brilliant smile.I __15__ her into my arms，too excited to say any words. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了害羞的小女孩第一次上台演讲，作者非常担心，结果令他非常震惊，小女孩非常坚定并表演成功，获得第一名，这让作者感到非常激动。 1．A.beat B．sank C．lost D．broke 答案　B 解析　根据上文“On the night of the speech contest，I was worried about the shy girl.”可知作者更担心了，所以心沉了下去，故选B。 2．A.sure enough B．worse still C．above all D．in addition 答案　A 解析　根据“was fairly successful with his humor and personal style”可知小男孩的演讲的确优秀，故选A。 3．A.crying B．warning C．clapping D．screaming 答案　C 解析　根据上文“when I knew the boy on stage previous to her，____，was fairly successful with his humor and personal style”可知小男孩的演讲很精彩，观众爆发出阵阵掌声，故选C。 4．A.sweat B．tremble C．change D．turn 答案　A 解析　根据下文“It was the first time that she had been on the stage”可知小女孩第一次上台，作者很担心，所以手掌开始出汗，故选A。 5．A.try B．pose C．guess D．slip 答案　D 解析　根据上文“It was the first time that she had been on the stage”可知这是她的第一次登台，所以作者不能因为任何差错责怪她，故选D。 6．A.thought B．admitted C．ignored D．noticed 答案　D 解析　根据上文“The strong spotlight made her so insignificant”可知，聚光灯太亮，使小女孩显得无足轻重，所以没人注意到她，故选D。 7．A.confused B．interested C．surprised D．challenged 答案　C 解析　根据下文“Then her speech was on，logical and well-organized.”可知小女孩的演讲很成功，所以让作者感到惊讶，故选C。 8．A.loud B．weak C．tight D．low 答案　A 解析　根据上文“I clearly heard”可知声音响亮，故选A。 9．A.support B．attention C．vote D．silence 答案　B 解析　根据下文“The whole audience fell quiet.”可知这里应该是主持人让大家注意听，故选B。 10．A.determined B．puzzled C．relaxed D．bored 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Small and thin as the girl appeared”可知小女孩虽然看起来又小又瘦，但脸上的表情是坚定的，故选A。 11．A.crowded B．hurried C．bounced D．flowed 答案　D 解析　根据下文“freely out of the girl like magic”可知应是自由地流出，故选D。 12．A.started B．ended C．progressed D．rested 答案　B 解析　根据下文“a thunderous applause sounded from the audience”和常识可知小女孩演讲结束时，观众席响起了雷鸣般的掌声，故选B。 13．A.sincerely B．easily C．wildly D．eagerly 答案　D 解析　根据下文“for the winner’s name to be called”可知比赛结束时，大家都急切地等待着主持人宣布获胜者的名字，故选D。 14．A.misted B．hid C．prevented D．shaded 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Tears of joy”可知，泪水模糊了作者的视线，故选A。 15．A.pushed B．threw C．pulled D．lifted 答案　C 解析　根据下文“her into my arms”可知，作者把小女孩拉进怀里，故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空 China has been pushing space exploration boundaries on its own over the past three decades.It embarked on(开始) a “three-step” strategy 1.____________(boost) its human space program in 1992 when 2.____________(construct) a manned orbiting laboratory was still a flight of fancy for the Chinese people. The first step was to send astronauts into space 3.____________ ensure their safe return.The second step was to develop advanced space flight techniques and technologies,4.____________ included extravehicular(舱外的) activity and orbital docking(轨道对接)．The 5.____________(three) step was to assemble and operate a permanent manned space station. In April 2021，the country 6.____________(official) kicked off the in-orbit construction of its space station by launching the core module Tianhe.“In the past 30 years，many technical difficulties 7.____________(overcome)，such as the technologies of shuttling 8.____________ space and Earth，extravehicular activity，rendezvous，and docking，” said Yang Liwei，the country’s first taikonaut in orbit since he 9.____________(enter) space with Shenzhou-5 in October 2003. So far，a total of 12 10.____________(astronaut) on four missions，Shenzhou-12，Shenzhou-13，Shenzhou-14，and Shenzhou-15，have participated in the in-orbit construction of the space station. 1．答案　to boost 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，推进载人航天计划是实施“三步走”战略的目的，此处应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to boost。 2．答案　constructing 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处和后面的a manned orbiting laboratory整个短语在时间状语从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填constructing。 3．答案　and 解析　考查连词。分析句子可知，设空处前面的send astronauts into space和后面的ensure their safe return为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词advanced space flight techniques and technologies指物，应用which引导。故填which。 5．答案　third 解析　考查数词。根据上文的The first step和The second step可知，此处与前面保持一致，表示“第三步”，应用序数词。故填third。 6．答案　officially 解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰动词短语kicked off作状语，应用副词表示“官方地，正式地”。故填officially。 7．答案　have been overcome 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，与主语difficulties之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；结合时间状语In the past 30 years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been overcome。 8．答案　between 解析　考查介词。shuttle between A and B为固定搭配，表示“(在两地之间)频繁来往”。故填between。 9．答案　entered 解析　考查动词时态。分析句子可知，设空处在since引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，应用动词；结合时间状语in October 2003可知，此处表示过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填entered。 10．答案　astronauts 解析　考查名词复数。根据前面的数字12可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填astronauts。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $