必修第一册 UNIT 1 LIFE CHOICES（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．secondary adj.中等教育；中级的；次要的 2．previous adj.以前的，先前的 3．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的 4．competence n．能力，胜任 5．chapter n．一段时期；章节 6．apartment n．公寓套房 7．leisure n．空闲，闲暇，业余时间 8．engine n．引擎 9．search engine搜索引擎 10．teen n．少年，十几岁的孩子 adj.青少年的 11．laptop n．笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 12．digital adj.数字的，数码的 13．hardware n．(计算机)硬件 14．living room起居室 15．media n．新闻媒体，大众传播媒介(总称) 16．social media社交媒体 17．café n．咖啡馆，小餐馆 18．military n．军队，武装力量 19．certificate n．合格证书 20．gym n．体育馆，健身房 21．slide n．幻灯片 22．digestion n．消化 23．recreation n．娱乐，消遣 24．rural adj.农村的，乡村的，田园的 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．senior adj.较高的，高级的；年长的 2．campus n．校园 3．schedule n．日程表，计划表 4．am(ante meridiem)午前，上午 5．shift n．(工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间 6．plus adj.有利的，好的prep.加 7．arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生 8．lifestyle n．生活方式 9．chat vi.& n．闲谈，聊天 10．surf vi.& vt.冲浪 11．surf the Internet网上冲浪，浏览因特网 12．definitely adv.确切地，肯定地 13．native n．本地人 14．range n．一系列；范围 15．quality n．质量，品质 16．actually adv.实际上，事实上 17．drag vt.拖，拉 18．goal n．目标，目的 19．aim n．目的，意图vi.力求达到 20．target n．目标 21．update vt.更新 22．meanwhile adv.与此同时 23．saying n．格言，谚语 24．ahead adv.在前面；向前 25．downtown adv.向/在城镇商业中心区 26．expert n．专家，行家 27．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的 28．remove vt.移走；去掉 29．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地 30．position n．职位；位置 31．absolutely adv.正是，当然 32．extent n．程度 33．thus adv.因此，因而，从而 34．tension n．紧张；焦虑 35．function n．功能vi.运转，工作 36．seek vt.寻求；请求 37．feature vt.以……为特色，是……的特征 38．typical adj.平常的，一贯的；典型的 39.province n．省 40．sort n．种，类；类型 41．supply n．供应，供给 42．tough adj.困难的，难办的 43．flash vi.& vt.闪现，闪过n.照相机闪光灯 44．besides prep.除……之外 45．contact n．联系，联络vt.(写信，打电话)联系(某人) 46．charity n．慈善机构，慈善团体 47．junior adj.低年级的 48．moment n．某一时刻 49．forward adv.向前；进展 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的→stress n．紧张；压力；忧虑；强调v.强调；着重→stressed adj.焦虑不安的；重读的 2．challenging adj.富有挑战性的→challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt.向……挑战 3．differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n．差异；不同 4．expectation n．期待；预料，预期→expect vt.期待；预料，预期 5．confidence n．自信，信心；信赖→confident adj.自信的 6．pressure n．压力→press v．压，按；挤，推；催促，逼迫 7．recover vi.恢复健康，康复→recovery n．康复 8．injury n．伤，损害→injure vt.损伤；伤害；使受伤→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortune n．财富；运气 10．voluntary adj.志愿的；服务的；自愿的→volunteer n．志愿者 vi.& vt.自愿；志愿 11．various adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的→vary v．(使)变化，改变→variety n．种类；多样性；变化 12．necessity n．必需品→necessary adj.必需的；必要的→necessarily adv.必然地；必需地 13．convenient adj.方便的，便利的→convenience n．方便，便利→inconvenience n．不便 14．addict n．对……着迷的人→addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addiction n．瘾；沉溺；嗜好 15．distance n．距离，间距→distant adj.遥远的；疏远的 16．revise vi.& vt.复习→revision n．复习；修订，修改 17．suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)→sufferer n．受难者；患者→suffering n．痛苦；苦难；折磨 18．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→reduction n．减少；降低 19．editor n．编辑；主编→edit vt.编辑；剪辑→edition n．版本；版次；(报纸、杂志)一份 20．organise vt.组织，筹划→organised adj.有组织的；有条理的→organisation n．组织；机构；团体→organiser n．组织者；安排者 21．professional adj.专业的，职业的→profession n．职业；行业→professor n．教授 22．graduate vi.毕业n.毕业生→graduation n．毕业 23．inspire vt.鼓励，激励→inspired adj.品质优秀的；借助于灵感创作的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的→inspiration n．灵感；给人以灵感的人/物 24．apply vi.申请；请求→application n．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人 25．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.渴望地→eagerness n．渴望，热切 26．independently adv.独立地，自立地→independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立 27．power n．电，电力；力量→powerful adj.强大的；强有力的 28．unstable adj.不稳定的→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；稳重的→stability n．稳定(性)；固定(性) 29．dusty adj.布满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘 30．muddy adj.泥泞的，多泥的→mud n．泥，泥浆 31．responsible adj.负责的；有责任心的→irresponsible adj.不负责任的→responsibility n．责任 32．attractive adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的→attraction n．吸引力；有吸引力的特征(或品质、人)→attract vt.吸引 33．laughter n．笑；笑声→laugh v．发笑；笑 34．contribution n．贡献→contribute vi.& vt.贡献；捐献；投稿→contributor n．捐助人；投稿人 35．intend vt.计划，打算，想要→intention n．目的，意图；打算 36．formal adj.正式的，官方的→informal adj.非正式的 37．adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应→adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的→adaptation n．适应；改编本 38．presentation n．报告；陈述，说明→present vt.展示；颁发，呈递n.礼物adj.当前的；出现 39．entertainment n．娱乐→entertain vt.招待；款待；使快乐；给……娱乐→entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的→entertainer n．表演者；艺人 1．crack/kræk/vi.破裂，裂开 crack up捧腹大笑 2．colleague/'kɒliːɡ/n.同事 3．acquaintance/ə'kweIntəns/n.相识的人，泛泛之交 4．categorize/'kætəɡəraIz/vt.对……进行分类 5．outlook/'aʊtlʊk/n.(对生活和世界的)看法，观点，态度 6．attribute/ə'trIbjuːt/vt.把……归因于…… 7．upbringing/'ʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ/n.抚育，养育；培养 8．conform/kən'fɔːm/vi.遵守，遵从 9．corporation/ˌkɔːpə'reIʃən/n.大型公司；企业集团 10．divorce/də'vɔːs/n.离婚 11．fragility/frə'dʒɪləti/n.脆弱，易碎 12．dilemma/də'lemə/n.进退两难的境地，困境 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．all in all总而言之，总的来说 2．from time to time有时；偶尔；间或 3．according to按……所说，根据 4．in person亲自 5．tend to do sth易于做某事 6．get ahead取得进步，获得成功 7．suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦) 8．to be frank坦白说，坦率地说 9．due to因为 10．in other words换句话说 11．graduate from从……毕业 12．all sorts of各种各样的 13．give up放弃 14．deal with对付，应付，处理 15．be responsible for对……负责 16．as well as ……以及…… 17．adapt to sth适应某事 18．at the moment此刻，目前，眼下 19．look forward to (doing) sth期待，盼望 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”．(主语＋be＋表示情绪的adj.＋that从句) 我父母担心我会成为一个网迷。 2．Actually，I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes，especially because real life can be just as interesting.(do强调谓语) 事实上，我非常清楚有时我需要强迫自己不上网，特别是因为现实生活也可以一样有趣。 3．I am always attentive in all classes and think actively，so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school.(so that引导目的状语从句) 我总是在所有课上专心听讲积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事。 4．After a long day，Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room，feeling tired.(现在分词短语作伴随状语) 漫长的一天过后，张天疲惫不堪，终于回到了自己的小窝。 5．However，not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes.(部分否定) 但是，不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。 6．It is not surprising that PE is the kids’ favourite subject！(It is not surprising that...毫不意外的是……) 毫不意外的是体育是孩子们最喜欢的科目！ 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共13分) 1．secondary adj.中等教育；中级的；次要的 2．previous adj.以前的，先前的 3．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的 4．competence n．能力，胜任 5．chapter n．一段时期；章节 6．apartment n．公寓套房 7．leisure n．空闲，闲暇，业余时间 8．engine n．引擎 9．teen adj.青少年的n.少年，十几岁的孩子 10．laptop n．笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 11．digital adj.数字的，数码的 12．hardware n．(计算机)硬件 13．media n．新闻媒体，大众传播媒介(总称) Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共15分) 1．senior adj.较高的，高级的；年长的 2．campus n．校园 3．schedule n．日程表，计划表 4．arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生 5．lifestyle n．生活方式 6．chat vi.& n．闲谈，聊天 7．range n．一系列；范围 8．quality n．质量，品质 9．goal n．目标，目的 10．target n．目标 11．meanwhile adv.与此同时 12．saying n．格言，谚语 13．downtown adv.向/在城镇商业中心区 14．expert n．专家，行家 15. frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共18分) 1．challenging adj.富有挑战性的→challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt.向……挑战 2．confidence n．自信，信心；信赖→confident adj.自信的 3．recover vi.恢复健康，康复→recovery n．康复 4．injury n．伤，损害→injure vt.损伤；伤害；使受伤→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 5．necessity n．必需品→necessary adj.必需的；必要的→necessarily adv.必然地；必需地 6．distance n．距离，间距→distant adj.遥远的；疏远的 7．revise vi.& vt.复习→revision n．复习；修订，修改 8．suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)→sufferer n．受难者；患者→suffering n．痛苦；苦难；折磨 9．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→reduction n．减少；降低 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．colleague n．同事 2．divorce n．离婚 3．dilemma n．进退两难的境地，困境 4．categorize vt.对……进行分类 5．upbringing n．抚育，养育；培养 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．all in all总而言之，总的来说 2．from time to time有时；偶尔；间或 3．according to按……所说，根据 4．in person亲自 5．to be frank坦白说，坦率地说 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．Tod is worried that he has become an addict to addictive alcohol.Though he has tried all means to rid himself of the addiction，he is still addicted to it.(addict) 2．Being an editor is a stressful job and Mr Chang often feels stressed，for which he can’t sleep well.(stress) 3．Parents are always expecting much of their children.However，when children can’t live up to their parents’ expectations，both sides will be under pressure.(expect) 4．I am sorry for the inconvenience caused by my mistake.Is it convenient for you to pick up your parcel another time？Please reply to me at your earliest convenience.(convenient) 5．As an ambitious boy，he likes challenging himself.That is，he likes challenging jobs and never gives in to challenges.(challenge) 6．He intended to make a fortune in a big city and fortunately，he successfully got a job.Meanwhile，he was fortunate to find a good friend.But unfortunately，he lost his job one year later.(fortune) 7．Coming to the Tea Expo，you can have a taste of a large variety of tea and enjoy various tea art shows，varying from making perfect cups of tea to appreciating tea sets.(vary) 8．The meaning of gestures differs from country to country because there are cultural differences between different countries.(differ) 9．The boy became one of the volunteers last year.From then on，he has volunteered to do some voluntary work every weekend.(volunteer) 10．Workers of this company are under great pressure because the boss presses them hard.(press) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分) 1．The young boy tends to see pictures in his mind when he is reading or listening. 2．Do you think the hard-working as well as smart man is capable of getting ahead in just two years? 3. Last year he greatly suffered from homesickness during his first few months abroad. 4．According to the World Health Organization,2.4 million people die annually from causes directly related to air pollution. 5．I want to inform you that you can fill in the form and return it either in person or by post. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共9分) 1．我很激动你今年暑假要来我们城市旅游。(主语＋be＋表示情绪的adj.＋that从句) I am very excited that you are coming to our city for a visit this summer vacation. 2．我真的希望尽快收到你的回复。(do强调谓语) I do hope to receive your reply as soon as possible. 3．我转动头部，屏住呼吸，以便我能把头从南瓜里拔出来。(so that 引导目的状语从句)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写) I turned my head and held my breath so that I could pull out my head from the pumpkin. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．caf n．咖啡馆，小餐馆 2．digital adj.数字的，数码的 3．hardware n．(计算机)硬件 4．military n．军队，武装力量 5．certificate n．合格证书 6．gym n．体育馆，健身房 7．slide n．幻灯片 8．digestion n．消化 9．recreation n．娱乐，消遣 10．rural adj.农村的，乡村的，田园的 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共15分) 1．remove vt.移走；去掉 2．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地 3．position n．职位；位置 4．absolutely adv.正是，当然 5．thus adv.因此，因而，从而 6．tension n．紧张；焦虑 7．function n．功能vi.运转，工作 8．seek vt.寻求；请求 9．feature vt.以……为特色，是……的特征 10．typical adj.平常的，一贯的；典型的 11．supply n．供应，供给 12．tough adj.困难的，难办的 13．besides prep.除……之外 14．contact n．联系，联络vt.(写信，打电话)联系(某人) 15. junior adj.低年级的 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共20分) 1．editor n．编辑；主编→edit vt.编辑；剪辑→edition n．版本；版次；(报纸、杂志)一份 2．professional adj.专业的，职业的→profession n．职业；行业→professor n．教授 3．power n．电，电力；力量→powerful adj.强大的；强有力的 4．unstable adj.不稳定的→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；稳重的→stability n．稳定(性)；固定(性) 5．dusty adj.布满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘 6．muddy adj.泥泞的，多泥的→mud n．泥，泥浆 7．laughter n．笑；笑声→laugh v．笑；发笑 8．adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应→adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的→adaptation n．适应；改编本 9. presentation n．报告；陈述，说明→present vt.展示；颁发，呈递n.礼物adj.当前的；出现 10．entertainment n．娱乐→entertain vt.招待；款待；使快乐；给……娱乐→entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的→entertainer n．表演者；艺人 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．acquaintance n．相识的人，泛泛之交 2．conform vi.遵守，遵从 3．outlook n．(对生活和世界的)看法，观点，态度 4．attribute vt.把……归因于…… 5．fragility n．脆弱，易碎 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共12分) 1．due to因为 2．in other words换句话说 3．all sorts of各种各样的 4．be responsible for对……负责 5．as well as ……以及…… 6．at the moment此刻，目前，眼下 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．The kind-hearted organiser determines to set up a charity organisation，which will organise some organised activities to help those in need.(organise) 2．Joan is about to graduate from university and she wants to be a news reporter after graduation.(graduate) 3．No matter how much money you have contributed to the earthquake area，we are appreciative of the contribution(s) you have made.(contribute) 4．About 130 applicants have applied for the job，which means that we will have many applications to look through tonight.(apply) 5．Since the People’s Republic of China gained its independence，it has been independent of any powerful country.(independence) 6．Listening to his inspiring speech，we were inspired to make great efforts.It gave us not only hope but also inspiration.(inspire) 7．She said these companies should have a sense of responsibility and be responsible for the society.(responsible) 8．The Great Wall has always been an attractive place，which，along with other tourist attractions，attracts tourists from all over the world every year.(attract) 9．Some people join the club with the intention of learning some practical skills，only to find it is intended for rich people only.(intend) 10．My son is eager for that toy car，and every time we pass by the shop，he will stare at it with eagerness.(eager) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共12分) 1.Our club holds various activities from time to time to enrich the members’ campus life. 2．I have been looking forward to working in this international firm，so I study hard on a daily basis. 3．He gave up his seat to a pregnant woman，who was quite grateful from the bottom of her heart. 4．The young woman is accustomed to dealing with all kinds of people in her job. 5．I have great difficulty adapting to the surroundings in the big unfamiliar city. 6．The distinguished physicist was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共6分) 1．不是每个人都能成为冠军，重在参与。(部分否定) Not everyone can be a champion，and participation is the most important. 2．你昨晚没睡好，今天发困不足为奇。(It is not surprising that...) You didn’t sleep well last night，so it is not surprising that you feel sleepy today. After graduating from senior secondary school，students look forward to entering the campus of college,1.where they will experience an entirely dynamic lifestyle that differs from their previous stressful as well as challenging high school days. Students from different provinces speak various dialects，which 2.makes(make) it not convenient for them to communicate.Actually，many will have a tough time 3.adapting(adapt) to living independently.To be frank，they tend 4.to face(face) many problems，such as what necessities to buy and how to deal with conflicts.Having suffered 5.from much stress，some of them choose to contact professional experts with the aim of seeking help and improving confidence.Besides，as is often the case，college students need to decide on how to spend the leisure time.6.Absorbed(absorb) in their definitely clear goals，some students don’t chat online or surf the Internet.They don’t stay with their laptops all day long for entertainment.To live up to their parents’ expectations，they study hard to update their knowledge 7.eagerly(eager)，revise what they have learnt，participate in a wide range of attractive activities，apply to join organisations and meanwhile，serve as volunteers to make 8.contributions(contribute) to society.Due to their efforts，they become 9.more confident(confident) than before and have competence for many positions.Just as a saying goes，“No pain，no gain.” Only by hard work can you get ahead.All in all，it is the students themselves 10.who/that are responsible for their future.Will you intend to challenge yourselves or give up the effort？It’s all up to you. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别(different adj.不同的difference n．不同，差异) •differ from＝be different from与……不同 •make a difference to对……起作用/产生影响 make no difference不起作用，没有影响 (1)(话题写作之语言学习)美式英语和英式英语在许多细微之处都有差异，但这些差异对沟通没有影响。 American and British English differ from/are different from each other in many small ways，but the differences make no difference to communication. (2)我激动地脱口而出：“坦白说，是您的鼓励和帮助对我产生了影响。亲爱的老师，任何言语都不足以表达我衷心的感激之情。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) I blurted out with excitement，“To be frank，it is your encouragement and assistance that make a difference to me.No words are strong enough to express my heartfelt gratitude，my dear teacher.” schedule n．日程表，计划表 vt.安排；预定 •on schedule按时 ahead of schedule＝ahead of time提前 •be scheduled to do sth按计划要做某事 as scheduled按照预定时间；如期；按照安排 (1)我设法在我搭档的指导下完成了项目并按时去做报告，因为激动和紧张我的心怦怦直跳。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写) I managed to finish the project with my partner’s guidance and went for the presentation on schedule，my heart pounding with excitement and tension. (2)按照安排，随着富有挑战性的高考来临，您将谈论(学生们)如何复习知识点以及如何处理压力。如果您方便的话，请提前联系我们。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) As scheduled，you will talk about the ways of dealing with stress as well as revising knowledge points with the challenging college entrance examination approaching.If it is convenient for you，please contact us ahead of schedule/time. (3)(应用文写作之活动介绍)这次主题为中国传统文化的班会，定于周五下午举行。(2021·全国甲，书面表达) The class meeting，whose theme is about traditional Chinese culture，is scheduled to take place on Friday afternoon. range n．种类；一系列；范围v.排列；涉及；(在一定的范围内)变动/变化 •a range of一系列…… beyond/out of one’s range超出某人的范围 in/within the range of在……范围之内 •range from A to B＝range between A and B在A到B之间变化 (1)We were sort of disappointed to find that the price of the quality camera was beyond our range. In other words，we had to choose one in/within the range of us. (2)正如你在这个短视频中所看到的，我们的英语口语俱乐部将组织一系列的活动，从英语演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵比赛不等。(2022·天津6月，书面表达) As you can see in the short video clip，our Spoken English Club will organise a range of activities，which range from English Speech Contests to Poetry Recitation Competitions/ranging between English Speech Contests and Poetry Recitation Competitions. various adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的；不同的[variety n．种类；多样性；变化vary v．(使)变化；改变] •a variety of＝varieties of种种的；各种各样的 •vary from...to...由……到……不等 vary with随……变化 (1)Actually，the schedules of our senior secondary school vary with the season. In other words，each season features a specific timetable. (2)另外，位于我们校图书馆一楼的自习室配备了各种各样的设施，从带有LED的展示区域到免费的无线网络不等。(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作) Besides，the self-study room located on the first floor of our school library is equipped with various/a variety of/varieties of facilities，varying/which vary from a presentation area with a LED to free Wi-Fi network. convenient adj.方便的，便利的(conveniently adv.方便地 convenience n．方便，便利；便利的事物 inconvenient adj.不方便的 inconvenience n．不方便；麻烦) •It is convenient for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事很方便。 •at one’s convenience在某人方便时 for convenience为方便起见 (1)During the digital era，it is inconvenient(convenient) for us to work without a laptop or a computer. (2)如果对您来说参加下周天的校广播节目很方便，您可以将话题聚焦于英语习语的发展。如果您能尽早回复我，我将不胜感激。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) If it is convenient for you to attend the school radio show next Sunday，you can center the topic on the development of English idioms.I would appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience. (3)(议论文写作之外卖的利弊)为了方便起见，很多人更喜欢吃外卖(takeaway)，而不是在家做饭。 For convenience，plenty of people prefer having takeaways to cooking at home. addict n．对……着迷的人(addiction n．上瘾；沉溺；嗜好 addictive adj.使人上瘾的addicted adj.上瘾的，着迷的) •be/get addicted to (doing) sth沉溺于(做)某事 •addiction to...……瘾 (1)It is typical of Jane to buy lots of useless things online and thus，she wants to seek ways to remove her addiction(addict) to it. (2)As time goes by，the foreign teens find traditional Chinese culture is so addictive(addict)． (3)因为沉迷于上网，许多青少年不与周围的人面对面聊天。(2021·全国乙，书面表达) Because they are addicted to surfing the Internet/Addicted to surfing the Internet，many teenagers don’t chat with people around them face to face. aim n．目标，目的，意图vt.& vi.力求达到；瞄准；(向某方向)努力；目的在于(aimless adj.无目的的 aimlessly adv.无目的地) •with the aim of有……的目的 •aim at瞄准；目的在于 aim sth at sb/sth用某物朝向/瞄准某人/某物 aim to do...旨在做……；力求达到…… be aimed at目的是；旨在 (1) (读后续写之悲伤心理描写)Feeling as if he were thrown into the world of sadness，the frustrated guy walked aimlessly(aimless) on campus. (2)我写这封信的目的是为你提供一些关于如何建设“绿色北京”的切实可行的建议。(2023·北京，书面表达) I am writing with the aim of offering you some practical suggestions on how to build a “Green Beijing”． (3)(读后续写之动作链描写)我抓起一块石头，将它瞄准狼，拼尽全力把石头扔出去，试图把狼吓走。 I seized a stone，aimed it at the wolf and threw it out with all my might，seeking to scare the wolf away. (4)海洋组织应组织各种活动，旨在激励人们为海洋保护作出贡献。 (2022·全国甲，书面表达) ①The ocean organisations should organise various activities，which aim to inspire/aim at inspiring/are aimed at inspiring people to make contributions to ocean protection.(定语从句) ②The ocean organisations should organise various activities，aiming to inspire/aiming at inspiring/aimed at inspiring people to make contributions to ocean protection.(分词短语作状语) suffer vi.& vt.受苦；遭受(痛苦)；经历(suffering n．痛苦；苦难；折磨sufferer n．患病者；受苦者；受难者) suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病 suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 (1)Unfortunately，the number of sufferers(suffer) of malaria is over 200 million every year. (2)我一听说我的搭档正患重病，我心急如焚，希望他能快点康复。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写) The moment I heard that my partner was suffering from a serious illness，my heart was burning with anxiety.I hoped that he could recover soon. (3)我的老师感叹道：“在写作的过程中，你一定经历过失败和艰辛。苦难使你的意志更加坚强。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) My teacher exclaimed，“In the process of writing，you must have suffered defeats and hardships.It is the sufferings that make you more strong-willed.” apply vt.涂；敷；应用 vi.申请；请求；适用；专心致志(application n．申请；应用 applicant n．申请人) apply (to sb) for sth(向某人)申请某物 apply to适用于 apply sth to sth把某物应用/涂抹于…… apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词) (1)He was one of the 30 applicants(apply) for the manager’s position，and thus，he had no confidence in himself. (2)The old saying—“Where there is a will，there is a way.”—applies to anyone who is eager to get ahead in their studies. (3)(应用文写作之申请信)我正在写信向您申请你们昨天登广告的那个职位。如果我被接受，我将集中精力于这项工作。如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 I am writing to apply to you for the post that you advertised yesterday.If I am accepted，I will apply myself to the job.I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. (4)(读后续写之动作链描写)他取来一些乳霜，小心翼翼地涂在皮肤上，然后急忙去上班了。 He fetched some creams，applied them to the skin with care and rushed to work. intend vt.计划，打算，想要，意指(intention n．目的；意图；打算) •intend to do/doing sth打算做某事 intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth(＝intended to have done sth)本打算做某事(但事实上没做) •be intended for/to do sth旨在，预定……用途；为……打算(或设计)的 •with an/the intention of抱有……的目的；打算…… (1)At the moment the government intends to build/building(build) a junior middle school which is intended for the disabled children and many parents of children with disabilities intend their children to study(study) here. (2)我的父母本打算买一辆新的卡车，但是没有足够的钱来支付它。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) My parents had intended to buy a new truck/intended to have bought a new truck but couldn’t get enough money to afford it. (3) The Spoken English Club was set up with the intention(intend) of supplying us students with more chances to speak English.(2022·天津6月，书面表达) →The Spoken English Club，which was intended to supply us students with more chances to speak English，was set up.(用非限制性定语从句改写；be intended to do sth) →The Spoken English Club，intended to supply us students with more chances to speak English，was set up.(用过去分词短语作定语改写) adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应vt.改编(adaptation n．改编本；适应adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的) adapt (...) to...(使……)适应于…… adapt (...) from...根据……改编(写)…… (1)On Thursday in an article published in Cell，a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation(adapt)—not to air or to food，but to the ocean.(2020·全国Ⅲ) (2)(应用文写作之表达祝愿)总而言之，我真的希望你能尽快适应新学校并缓解巨大的压力。 All in all，I do hope that you can adapt (yourself) to the new school and ease your great pressure as soon as possible. (3)我写信请求您就我们的英语短剧给予我们帮助，该短剧改编自我们的英语课文。(2020·全国Ⅲ，书面表达) I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play (which is) adapted from our English text. all in all总而言之，总的来说 after all毕竟；终究 first of all首先；第一 above all最重要；首先 in all全部；合计 at all(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟 (1)(话题写作之语言学习)Actually，to learn English well is not easy at all.First of all，you should have confidence in yourself.After all，being confident is the key to success.All in all，only with diligence and persistence can you definitely make it. (2) I managed to handle the four challenges in all due to the expert’s generous and professional guidance. get ahead取得进步，获得成功 get across(使)通过；(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚 get over越过；克服 get through通过；接通电话；熬过(困难时期) get used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事 get along/on with与……相处；进展 get down to (doing...)开始(做)…… (应用文写作之建议信)Learning that you have difficulty getting along/on with your new school life，I am writing with the aim of offering you some tips.Firstly，why not get down to taking part in all sorts of interest groups so that you can find friends with similar interests？Secondly，you can turn to the school adviser who can help you get over/get through your tough time.Last but not least，if you communicate with your classmates sincerely，you will get your meaning across.All in all，I am entirely confident that if you follow the above suggestions，not only can you get ahead in your studies but you can get used to your new school life as soon as possible.(用get短语的适当形式填空) so that引导目的状语从句　I am always attentive in all classes and think actively，so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school.我总是在所有课上专心听讲积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事。 •so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，从句中的谓语动词通常和can/could，may/might连用。 • so that引导目的状语从句时，可以和in order that 相互转化，而且当从句主语和主句主语一致时，还可以和in order to，so as to结构相互转化。 •so that亦可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，从句中通常不用情态动词。 (1)我满怀期待地走进农舍，想再见到那只可爱的鸟。(2023·浙江1月，读后续写) Full of expectations，I wandered into the farmhouse in order to/so as to meet the lovely bird once again/so that/in order that I could meet the lovely bird once again. (2)(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)汤姆又没写完作业，因此史密斯先生愤怒地大叫了一声，眼里满含愤怒。 Tom didn’t have his homework finished again so that Mr Smith let out a cry of anger，with his eyes flashing with annoyance. 现在分词短语作伴随状语　After a long day，Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room，feeling tired. 漫长的一天过后，张天疲惫不堪，终于回到了自己的小窝。 此句中的feeling tired是现在分词短语作伴随状语，所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系；现在分词短语还可作时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式状语等。 (1)Meanwhile，a range of topics in class hardly interest most students，making(make) them unwilling to actively interact with each other in the oral English class.(2023·上海1月，书面表达) (2)(应用文写作之推荐信)知道你想在回英国之前为你的母亲挑选一件中国礼物，我很高兴向你推荐一件丝绸裙子。 Knowing that you’d like to select a Chinese gift for your mother before returning to England，I am happy to recommend you a silk dress. (3)(读后续写之动作链描写)他站起来，穿过房间，紧紧地抱住我，禁不住哭起来。 He rose to his feet，crossed the room and hugged me tightly，crying without control. (4)(读后续写之心理描写)当听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 When hearing what the headmaster said，I was wild with joy，my eyes glittering with excitement. 用法点拨　现在分词(短语)作时间状语时，有时可由连词when，while，after等引出。 部分否定　 However，not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes. 但是，不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。 句中not everything...为部分否定，意为“并非都……”，有时也可用“everything...not”表示。 •英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用时，无论not位于何处，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都……”的意思。 •英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用时构成全部否定。 (1)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)不幸的是，我们在泥泞的山路上迷路了。更糟糕的是，我们两人没带手机，不知所措，眼睛里充满了恐惧。 Unfortunately，we got lost on a muddy mountain path.Worse still，neither of us took a cellphone and we were at a loss，with eyes full of horror. (2)我轻拍着他的肩膀，柔声对大卫说道：“你绝不应该放弃越野赛。只要你坚持你的目标，没人会嘲笑你。毕竟，并不是每个孩子都和你一样勇敢，一样意志坚定。” (2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) I whispered to David in a soft voice，patting his shoulders gently，“Never should you give up the cross-country run.As long as you insist on your target nobody/no one will laugh at you.After all，not every/each kid is as determined and brave as you.” (3)坦白说，并不是所有的课外英语学习方法都对我们有益，最重要的是，我们必须找到最适合我们的方法。 (2022·全国乙，书面表达) To be frank，not all the English learning methods beyond the classroom are beneficial to us/all the English learning methods beyond the classroom are not beneficial to us and most importantly，we must find out what suits us most. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．tough (1)Are you sure you’re physically tough enough for this job? B (2)Turning soil，pulling weeds，and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.(2023·新课标Ⅱ) E (3)Meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls(披肩) are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers. D (4)Asparagus(芦笋) is by nature tender and tasty at one end，but gets tough and difficult to eat at the other end. C (5)Harvard researchers have created a tough，low-cost，biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects’ hard outer shells. A 2．arise (1)Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately. C (2)New problems will arise one after another in the future. D (3)They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park. A (4)The problem arose from lack of experience. B 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)Legal action is being taken to recover the money. 重新获得 (2)They scored five goals in the first half of the match. 进球得分 (3)Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or recent graduates early in their careers.(2021·天津)毕业生 (4)His work experiences equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.与……打交道 (5)Three children were removed from school for bad behavior.开除 (6)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.使陷入窘境；使沦落 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1.According to some experts’ judgement，he can definitely recover from the severe injury in a short time. 2．The sports meeting which is scheduled to take(take) place on April 15 may be put off due to the bad weather. 3．It is typical of teenagers in senior high school to be(be) under lots of stress，which makes them depressed. 4．I am absolutely confident(confidence) that he has the competence to handle the difficult situation. 5．The voluntary organisation is aimed(aim) at helping people to reduce stress. 6．Online shopping brings people great convenience(convenient) and some trouble meanwhile. 7.Actually，the passage is intended to teach(teach) us how to achieve our ambition. 8.Volunteers tried their best to help people suffering from the serious flood. 9．The graduates from other provinces find it hard to adapt to the lifestyle here. 10．If you want to get ahead，you must apply yourself to studying(study) knowledge. 11．Beyond our expectations，the man who is senior to me by three years is not responsible for his misbehavior. 12．The teacher，as well as the students，is (be) suffering great pressure from the stressful schedule. 13．The winter holiday we had been looking forward to came(come) at last，which meant we would have much leisure time. 14．In my free time I will chat with people from various(vary) careers so that I can broaden my horizons. 15.Unfortunately，the volunteer got injured(injure) when dragging the motorbike out of the water. 随着网络的普及，网购成了我们日常生活的一部分。请你就“网上购物”这一主题写一篇英语短文。内容包括： 1.“网上购物”的现状； 2.“网上购物”的利弊； 3.你对“网上购物”的看法。 完成句子 1．随着互联网的日益普及，网上购物在当今世界普遍使用。(with复合结构) 2．它有许多对我们有益的好处。(benefit；现在分词短语作后置定语) 3．你可以在任何时间、任何地点买到你需要的任何东西，这很方便。(It is convenient for sb to do) 4．然而，正如通常的情况一样，事物都有两面性，网上购物也是如此。(as is often the case) 5．除了担心产品的质量，最让客户不安的是不完善的支付系统可能会导致个人信息的泄露。(upset；what引导主语从句) 6．就我而言，只要我们时刻牢记网络安全，就有可能避免这些麻烦。(keep...in mind) 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 参考范文 With the Internet getting increasingly popular，online shopping is commonly used throughout the world nowadays. It has a number of advantages benefiting us.It is convenient for you to buy whatever you need at any time and in any place，which can not only save our time but also save our money for our busy life.However，as is often the case，every coin has two sides，so does online shopping.Besides the concern about the quality of the products，what upsets customers most is that the imperfect payment system may contribute to revealing personal information. As far as I am concerned，as long as we constantly keep the online safety in mind，it is possible to avoid these troubles. 教材语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　recover；challenge；chat；drag；get ahead；remove；seek；inspire；apply；give up；deal with [人物描写]　dynamic；confidence→confident；competence→competent；responsible；stress→stressed；professional；eager 美句 1.It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.(情感描写) 2.As the popular saying goes，“Every minute counts！” Set a goal and get ahead！(结尾升华句) 3.In front of the classrooms，there was a playground which got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days.(环境描写) 4.The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind，but he quickly gave up the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges.(动作描写) 拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：喜乐 单词 overjoyed adj.狂喜的　glad adj.高兴的　giggle v．/n.咯咯笑　cheer/joy n．高兴 →adj.cheerful/joyful高兴的　delight n．开心→delighted adj.开心的　pleasure n．高兴，开心→pleased adj.开心的；满意的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的，舒适的　happy adj.高兴的→happily adv.高兴地→happiness n．快乐，幸福　merry adj.高兴的→merrily adv.高兴地 词块 to one’s delight/joy/entertainment令某人开心的是　be wild with joy/delight/happiness欣喜若狂　dance/jump for/with joy高兴地跳起舞来/跳起来　be delighted/pleased beyond description高兴得无法形容　grin from ear to ear咧嘴大笑　a sense/wave of joy and happiness sweeps/floods over sb一种喜悦和幸福感涌上某人的心头　in high/cheerful spirits兴高采烈　be seized by joy/be overcome with happiness非常高兴　beam with smiles笑逐颜开　laugh heartily开怀大笑　a mixture of excitement and delight 既兴奋又开心 句型 The thought of the moments shared with my grandpa filled me with great joy. 一想到与爷爷共度的时光，我就充满了喜悦。 The children were thrilled/wild with joy at the sight of various presents. 孩子们一看到各种各样的礼物便欣喜若狂。 Then came a voice far from where we were，bathing us in extreme joy.(现在分词短语作状语) 这时，从远处传来一个声音，使我们沉浸在极大的欢乐中。 A bright smile spread across her face.(无灵主语)她脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。 Hearing the good news，he jumped up and down with joy.(现在分词短语作状语) 听到这个好消息，他欢欣雀跃。 She hummed and skipped in the forest like a bird.(动作链描写)她像鸟儿一样在森林里哼哼跳跳。 Our monitor told us why he chose to be a doctor，with a smile on his face shining like a diamond.(with复合结构)我们的班长脸上带着灿烂的笑容，告诉我们他为什么选择当一名医生。 A flood of joy/pleasure welled up in him.(无灵主语)一阵喜悦涌上他的心头。 Her smile bloomed like a flower.她的笑容像花朵一样绽放。 语料运用　主题：职业抉择 ①The thought of choosing the future career filled us with joy and excitement.We had a heated debate over which career path we should choose.Our responsible monitor told us that he was eager to be a doctor，②with a smile on his face shining like a diamond (with复合结构)．③His face beaming and his bright smile lighting up the classroom(独立主格)，my deskmate said he looked forward to becoming an engineer.Seeing us，our head teacher nodded with satisfaction and ④her smile bloomed like a flower.She told us to ⑤apply ourselves to studying so that we could achieve our dreams. 一想到选择未来的职业，我们就充满了喜悦和兴奋。我们就应该选择哪条职业道路进行了激烈的辩论。我们负责任的班长脸上带着灿烂的笑容，告诉我们他渴望成为一名医生。他的脸上洋溢着笑容，他灿烂的笑容照亮了教室，我的同桌说他期待成为一名工程师。我们的校长看到我们，满意地点头，她的微笑像花朵一样绽放。她叮嘱我们要专心学习，这样才能实现我们的梦想。 高考题型组合练1 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) Born in New York in 1918，scientist Gertrude B．Elion had an impressive career，during which she developed medicines to cure many major diseases.Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan.She attended senior high school and had，in her words，an unbelievable thirst for knowledge. Influenced by the death of her grandfather，who died of cancer，Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19.She had difficulty finding employment after graduation because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists.She found a part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York University.Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after finishing work on her master’s degree. The start of World War Ⅱ created more opportunities for women.At the age of 26，Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Welcome，where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr.George H．Hitchings.Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr.Hitchings，and he permitted her to take on more responsibility. Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by studying the chemical composition of diseased cells.Rather than relying on old trial-and-error methods，they used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens(病原体) to design medicines.In all，Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was awarded 23 honorary degrees. In 1988，Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine，together with George H．Hitchings and Sir James Black.She received other awards for her work，including the National Medal of Science in 1991，and that same year，she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.In 1997，she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了科学家格特鲁德·B·埃利恩的生平以及她最终取得的成就。 1．What can we say about Elion as a high school student? A．She had a satisfying part-time job. B．She had a strong desire for learning. C．She had a gift for chemistry at high school. D．She made great achievements in chemistry. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作为一名高中生，埃利恩有强烈的求知欲。故选B。 2．Why did Elion choose to study chemistry at college? A．To meet her grandfather’s wish. B．To find a good job after graduation. C．To be a chemistry teacher in the future. D．To create medicines to cure diseases. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句并结合后文她与Hitchings合作研制药品可以推断，埃利恩选择在大学里学习化学是为了创造药物去治疗疾病。故选D。 3．When did Elion start working for Burroughs Welcome? A．In 1933. B．In 1937. C．In 1944. D．In 1984. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。结合第一段第一句的“Born in New York in 1918”和第三段第二句“At the age of 26...”可知，埃利恩在1944年开始为Burroughs Welcome工作。故选C。 4．What does the author mainly tell us about Elion in the last paragraph? A．Her honors. B．Her later life. C．Her interest in chemistry. D．Her significant contributions. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段列举的各种奖项可知，作者主要告诉我们埃利恩获得的荣誉。故选A。 B(★) Everyone knows what makes a good story.Our hero starts their journey as a flawed being.In scene after scene，they face challenges that push them down new paths.By the end of the tale，they overcome setbacks and become a better person in the process. We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment.Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress.People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health.Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health.Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. McAdams invited 14- and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success.Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better.Eight weeks later，members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork. Exciting as these results are，some experts sound a few notes of caution.They worry that，hearing about the power of self-narratives，many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life.If they can’t，they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”． Clearly，self-narratives aren’t the panacea.Nevertheless，if you hope for self-improvement，you can use the findings to good effect.By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles，we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的研究结果：我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来，那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更健康的心理状态。 5．What does the research focus on? A．The causes of stress. B．The principles of narrative. C．The connection between struggle and well-being. D．The link between mental health and self-narratives. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress.People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health.”可知，研究的重点是心理健康和自我叙述之间的联系。故选D。 6．Why is the experiment mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To give proof. B．To make predictions. C．To draw a conclusion. D．To make comparisons. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。第二段提到研究表明，我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来，拥有更健康的心理状态，结合第三段描述的实验过程和结果可推知，在第三段提到这个实验是为了提供证据证明该研究结果。故选A。 7．What does the underlined word “panacea” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Attempt to get rid of worries. B．Means of recognizing yourself. C．Solution to adolescent problems. D．Guarantee to become better people. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中“If they can’t，they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow ‘failed’．”可知，自我叙述并不能保证自己可以成为更好的人。故画线词“panacea”意为“保证成为更好的人”。故选D。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Embrace Life Struggles B．Be Your Own Hero C．Ways to Make a Good Story D．The Power of Self-improvement 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了最近的研究结果：我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来。那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更健康的心理状态。我们要认识到自己是奋斗中的主角，可以主宰自己的命运，让自己变得更好。故B选项“Be Your Own Hero”能概括大意，适合作文章标题。故选B。 C Are you a good judge of character？Can you make an accurate judgement of someone’s personality based only on your first impression of them？Interestingly，the answer lies as much in them as it does in you. One of the first people to try to identify good judges of character was US psychologist Henry F Adams in 1927.His research led him to conclude that people fell into two groups—good judges of themselves and good judges of others.Adams’s research has been widely criticized since then，but he wasn’t entirely wrong about there being two clearly different types. More on that in a moment，but first we need to define what a good judge of character is.Is it someone who can read personality or someone who can read emotion？Those are two different skills.Emotions such as anger or joy or sadness can generate easily identifiable physical signs.Most of us would probably be able to accurately identify these signs，even in a stranger.As such，most of us are probably good judges of emotion. In order to be a good judge of personality，however，there needs to be an interaction with the other person，and that person needs to be a “good target”．“Good targets” are people who reveal relevant and useful signals to their personality.So this means “the good judge” will only manifest when reading “good targets”．This is according to Rogers and Biesanz in their 2019 journal entitled “Reassessing the good judge of personality”．“We found consistent，clear and strong evidence that the good judge does exist，” Rogers and Biesanz concluded.But their key finding is that the good judge does not have magical gifts of perception—they are simply able to “detect and use the information provided by the good target”． So，are first impressions really accurate？Well，if you’re a good judge talking to a “good target”，then it seems the answer is “yes”．And now we know that good judges probably do exist，more research can be done into how they read personality，what kind of people they are—and whether their skills can be taught. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，优秀的性格判断者确实存在，他们能够读懂对方发出的信号并做出正确的判断。 9．What can we learn about Adams from paragraph 2? A．He is a good judge of character. B．He divided psychologists into two groups. C．His research result has been widely accepted. D．His research on good judges was partially right. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Adams’s research has been widely criticized since then，but he wasn’t entirely wrong about there being two clearly different types.”可知，对优秀判断者的划分并非完全错误，即他的研究是部分正确的。故选D。 10．What does the author think of emotion reading? A．Annoying. B．Joyful. C．Simple. D．Strange. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Emotions such as anger or joy...accurately identify these signs，even in a stranger.”可推知，作者认为情绪判断非常简单。故选C。 11．Which of the following would Rogers and Biesanz agree with? A．A good target is necessary for personality judgement. B．A good target needs to get his personality reassessed. C．A good judge can provide useful signals to our personality. D．It’s possible to be a good judge just by looking at the other person. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“In order to be a good judge of personality，however，there needs to be an interaction with the other person，and that person needs to be a ‘good target’．..This is according to Rogers and Biesanz”可知，罗杰斯和比桑兹认为一个优秀的判断者需要有与之相匹配的“好目标”才能表现出来，由此推知，他们会赞同“一个‘好目标’是性格判断的必要条件”。故选A。 12．What does the author think future research should focus on? A．The skills of good communicators. B．The features of good judges. C．The ways to read personality. D．The accuracy of first impressions. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And now we know that good judges probably do exist，more research can be done into how they read personality，what kind of people they are—and whether their skills can be taught.”可推知，接下来需要研究优秀判断者的技巧、性格特点以及他们的技巧是否可以被习得等，这些都是好的判断者的特点，也是作者认为未来研究应该关注的。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五(★) Wonderful views from the mountains，breathtaking places waiting to explore，fresh air，as well as all the special health benefits，are the main rewards of mountain hiking.__1__ You need to train your lower body muscles，anytime and anywhere.Strong legs and core muscles will improve your balance and help you hike longer.Focus on your lower body strength and on your cardiovascular(心血管的) workout.__2__ You really can train anywhere：use your backyard，living room，or bedroom to keep your body ready for the true conditions in the mountains. You will need a stronger back.Who’s going to carry your backpack？__3__ So we are quite sure what the true answer is.Develop back muscles with exercises like V-ups，deadlifts，diver push-ups，and exercise named “mountain climbers”：Start in a traditional plank(平板支撑) position and then bring your knee forward under your chest.You will start to feel your abs(腹肌) for sure，too. __4__ Even Rome wasn’t built in a day so give yourself the pleasure to enjoy discovering what your body is capable of！All the perfect benefits will improve your blood pressure and blood sugar levels，helping you strengthen your core，and even help you control your weight as an additional benefit.__5__ Just don’t forget to stretch after each training. Please remember that your training for mountain hiking should be combined with real hiking.And don’t miss the other clues on what to do for mountaineering training! A．Give yourself and your body time to prepare. B．And don’t rely just on gyms or other similar areas. C．Your balance will also get better and better over time. D．However，there is always hidden danger in the mountains. E．Try to combine muscle training with your indoor exercise. F．However，it is of great significance to get prepared physically. G．In the mountains，everyone should firstly be responsible for their own essentials. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。山地徒步有许多益处，但是进行山地徒步之前让身体做好准备非常重要，文章阐述了有助于提高身体素质的一些策略。 1．答案　F 解析　上文阐述了山地徒步的益处，再结合下文每段的段首句可知本文主要阐述如何进行身体训练，为徒步做好准备。F选项“然而，让身体准备好非常重要”能承上启下。故选F。 2．答案　B 解析　根据后文“You really can train anywhere”可知，B选项“不要只依赖健身房或其他类似地点”能与前文形成顺承关系，并引出下文可以进行锻炼的地点。故选B。 3．答案　G 解析　根据上文“Who’s going to carry your backpack？”可知，G选项“在山上，每个人都首先要为自己的必需品负责”能回答上文谁来背背包的问题，也解释了为什么需要锻炼背部。故选G。 4．答案　A 解析　由下文“Even Rome wasn’t built in a day”可知，本段阐述的是做好身体准备是需要时间的，不是一蹴而就的；A选项“给你自己和你的身体时间进行准备”符合本段主旨。故选A。 5．答案　C 解析　上文“All the perfect benefits will improve...help you control your weight as an additional benefit.”列举了此准备过程对身体的好处；C选项“你的平衡力也会变得越来越好”承接上文，进一步阐述训练给身体带来的益处，符合语境。故选C。 高考题型组合练2 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) Growing up，Espino may have been better at sports than he was at graffiti(涂鸦)，but his memories of hanging out with graffiti-writer friends and looking through graffiti books have stayed with him.After college，he went into the world of real estate，but continued to collect art. A few years later，Espino began selling prints and creative objects at local events.In May 2022，he opened a Culture Gallery.“I wanted to see what it’s like to run a gallery and I wanted to help artists learn and make money from their artworks，” he explains. The space caught the attention of Lou Jiménez，who is now the gallery’s director.Jiménez shares Espino’s vision to support local artists.“He comes from a different background and is leading by example，” she says of his real estate background.“He’s taking a huge risk because it requires a lot of investment and there is no art market here，so I appreciate the fact that we’re trying to expand that.” Espino admits he initially underestimated how challenging sales can be.Even with this realization，his sights are set on success，and he’s already put himself in a “bigger mindset” to steadily accomplish that. Espino hopes taking artists to other cities will provide the encouragement they might need to pursue a career in the arts.From his businessman’s perspective，Espino feels people need to be taught on the value of supporting local talent.“A lot of people in the community need to be explained to how much difference it makes to the community to invest in local art and as sad as that is，they just don’t see it or hear it，” he says. Not one to back down from a challenge，Espino and his team have the passion and determination to construct a platform that will help local artists and，if all goes according to his plan，they hope to have a significant impact on the local arts community and culture for many years to come. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了房地产商埃斯皮诺Espino从小受到艺术的熏陶，一直热衷于艺术，后来开办画廊来帮助艺术家的故事。 1．What challenge is Espino facing? A．He has little knowledge of art. B．He lacks potential customers. C．He can’t afford much investment. D．He has no access to famous artists. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“He’s taking a huge risk because it requires a lot of investment and there is no art market here”以及第四段第一句可知，当地没有艺术市场，也就是说他缺少潜在的客户。故选B。 2．What is the solution to the current difficulty according to Espino? A．Encouraging the locals to work in other cities. B．Enlarging the space of his gallery. C．Raising people’s awareness of art. D．Collecting even more funds. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句“From his businessman’s perspective，Espino feels people need to be taught on the value of supporting local talent.‘A lot of people...need to be explained to...’ he says ”可知，埃斯皮诺认为解决当前困难的途径是提升人们对艺术的认知。故选C。 3．Which of the following can best describe Espino? A．Talented and patient. B．Ambitious and helpful. C．Considerate and disciplined. D．Grateful and creative. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘I wanted to see what it’s like to run a gallery and I wanted to help artists learn and make money from their artworks，’ he explains.”可知，埃斯皮诺是一个乐于助人的人；根据第四段第二句“Even with this realization，his sights are set on success，and he’s already put himself in a ‘bigger mindset’ to steadily accomplish that.”以及最后一段可知，埃斯皮诺是一个有远大抱负的人。故选B。 4．What is mainly talked about in the text? A．The extension of a hobby. B．The future of promising artists. C．The popularity of graffiti. D．The value of artworks. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要讲述房地产商埃斯皮诺从小就一直热衷于艺术，后来开办画廊来帮助艺术家的故事。故选A。 B(★) Fragile.Oversensitive.Glued to their phones.Is this what comes to mind when we think of the teens of this generation？While this may be true，there might be more to this generation of teens than what is generally perceived. Never before have the lives of any generation of teens been as flooded with mobile technology and social media as the teens of this generation.The popularity of social media has led to a world in which teens have to participate in Instagram，TikTok and Twitter，or else cause the social anger of their friends，some of whom communicate primarily via those online platforms.As compared to their parents or grandparents who were likely less connected and more isolated，these teens are constantly exposed to the highlight reels (高光时刻) of many in their social circles and beyond.It is no wonder that the self-esteem and mental health of this generation’s teens have_taken_a_hit. Moreover，the teens today are more individualistic.This is in contrast to the village spirit of their parents’ and grandparents’ days.Gone is the friendship among neighbours who are friendly with one another and quick to offer a helping hand when they see another in need.In its place，we have teens who may not even have a clue as to who lives in the unit next to theirs，much less offer a friendly nod or wave when they happen to cross paths with a neighbour. Yet，the effects of technology on this generation of teens are not all bad.Arguably，the very connectedness that social media brings about has led to being more progressive.Logging onto platforms where people of all walks of life gather means that one is exposed to those people and their distinctive ways of life.In comparison，the parents or grandparents of this generation of teens probably did not have the same opportunity to get to know people outside of their social circles at their age，and are thus more likely to have fixed，stereotypical(刻板的) opinions of people different from them.This generation of teens，on the other hand，has the chance to use this technology to understand the variety and diversity out there. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章认为在移动技术和社交媒体影响下成长的这一代年轻人受到了社交媒体的负面影响，自尊和心理健康受到打击，更为个人主义，但是也获得了积极的影响，变得更有见识，更加开明。 5．What does the underlined phrase “have taken a hit” mean in paragraph 2? A．Have been terribly hurt. B．Have improved a lot. C．Have recovered soon. D．Have been ignored. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的“these teens are constantly exposed to the highlight reels (高光时刻) of many in their social circles and beyond.It is no wonder that the self-esteem and mental health”可知，这一代年轻人与外界接触更多，会看到他人更为丰富、精彩的人生时刻，所以自己的自尊和心理健康会因此受到负面的影响，即受到打击。故选A。 6．Which belongs to the village spirit according to paragraph 3? A．Telephoning your parents regularly. B．Never saying Hi to your classmates. C．Sharing your food with neighbours. D．Borrowing money from your teacher. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“This is in contrast to the village spirit...friendly with one another and quick to offer a helping hand when they see another in need.”可知，村庄精神指的是邻里之间彼此友好、互帮互助的精神。因此，与邻居分享食物属于村庄精神。故选C。 7．What good effect does social media have on the teens? A．They are more ambitious and active. B．They are more friendly and generous. C．They are more independent of their parents. D．They are more open-minded and better informed. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Arguably，the very connectedness that social media brings about has led to being more progressive.Logging onto platforms where people of all walks of life gather means that one is exposed to those people and their distinctive ways of life.”可知，社交媒体使这一代年轻人可以接触更多的人，获得更为丰富的信息，即他们得到的好处是变得更有见识，更加开明。故选D。 8．How is the text developed? A．By giving examples. B．By showing statistics. C．By making comparisons. D．By providing instructions. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据第二段的“As compared to”、第三段的“in contrast to”和第四段的“In comparison”可知，文章是通过进行代际比较说明年轻人受到的社交媒体的影响。因此，文章主要是通过做比较的方式进行论证的。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(★) Sergio Peralta always dreamed about playing catch.However，his right hand didn’t fully __1__.Ever since he was a child，his classmates have asked about his hand，and some have even __2__ him.Computer science teacher Jeff Wilkins noticed Peralta was the only student who __3__ his mouse to the left side of his keyboard.He then saw Peralta didn’t have a right hand. When Wilkins __4__ Peralta and his mother about a prosthetic(假肢的) hand，they expressed interest but knew building one could be __5__ for a high school class.In early November，Wilkins __6__ assigned three of his students to the project.“I didn’t want to get his __7__ up.I’d rather under-promise and over-deliver on something like this，” Wilkins said.The group did so while keeping their __8__ a secret.They measured classmates’ hands to calculate Peralta’s __9__ fit. After working for about a week，the students used the school’s 3D printer to __10__ a model.Students said they __11__ Peralta wouldn’t like the hand，but the moment he __12__ the model，he could bend his fingers.Then Wilkins threw him a yellow rubber ball repeatedly.Students yelled in __13__ when he finally caught the ball.Peralta said he only __14__ the prosthetic hand when he sleeps.“This just showed me a different way to __15__ the community through my knowledge，” said Jaramillo，a senior who involved in the class project. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一群学生使用3D打印技术帮助右手残疾的学生Peralta制作了假手，恢复了正常生活的故事。 1．A.raise B．develop C．change D．connect 答案　B 解析　根据下文“He then saw Peralta didn’t have a right hand.”可知，Peralta右手残疾，由此推知他出生时右手没有完全发育，故选B。 2．A.convinced B．defeated C．teased D．admired 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Ever since he was a child，his classmates have asked about his hand，and some have even...”可知“甚至取笑他”符合语境，故选C。 3．A.cycled B．reserved C．moved D．kicked 答案　C 解析　根据下文“his mouse to the left side of his keyboard”可知，鼠标通常都是在键盘的右侧，而Peralta没有右手，他只能把鼠标移动到键盘左侧，故选C。 4．A.approached B．suspected C．observed D．advertised 答案　A 解析　根据下文“they expressed interest”可知，威尔金斯与Peralta和他的母亲接洽，沟通假手一事。approach在此处意为“接洽，建议，要求”。故选A。 5．A.rewarding B．inspiring C．approving D．challenging 答案　D 解析　根据上文“they expressed interest but”中的but转折可推知，对高中生来说，这个项目是有挑战性的，符合语境。故选D。 6．A.randomly B．deliberately C．temporarily D．secretly 答案　D 解析　根据下文“The group did so while keeping their ________ a secret.”可知，这个项目是秘密进行的，故选D。 7．A.fears B．hopes C．demands D．doubts 答案　B 解析　根据下文“I’d rather under-promise and over-deliver on something like this”可知，威尔金斯不希望Peralta对此抱太大希望，故选B。 8．A.attention B．memories C．progress D．conflicts 答案　C 解析　根据下文“They measured classmates’ hands to calculate Peralta’s ________ fit.”可知，他们通过测量同学的手的方式计算出Peralta的最佳尺寸，由此可推理出他们对工作的进展情况保密，故选C。 9．A.typical B．ideal C．normal D．familiar 答案　B 解析　根据上文“They measured classmates’ hands to calculate”可知，他们通过测量同学的手的方式进行精确计算，目的是计算出Peralta的最佳尺寸，故选B。 10．A.create B．select C．deliver D．save 答案　A 解析　根据上文“3D printer”以及下文“a model”可推理出学生们使用3D打印机制作模型，故选A。 11．A.remembered B．worried C．argued D．regretted 答案　B 解析　根据下文“Peralta wouldn’t like the hand”可知，学生们担心Peralta会不喜欢这只手，故选B。 12．A.turned up B．searched for C．put on D．threw away 答案　C 解析　根据下文“he could bend his fingers”可推理出他戴上了模型，故选C。 13．A.horror B．excitement C．disappointment D．anxiety 答案　B 解析　根据下文“when he finally caught the ball”可知，Peralta使用假手接住了球，说明学生们成功了，于是兴奋地大叫，故选B。 14．A.removes B．trains C．researches D．replaces 答案　A 解析　根据下文“when he sleeps”可知，睡觉的时候不使用假手，需要摘下来，故选A。 15．A.explore B．disturb C．view D．help 答案　D 解析　根据下文“a senior who involved in the class project”可知这名学生参与了该项目，因此此处指用不同的方式来帮助社区，故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空(★) The future looks bright for a high school senior in Florida after being accepted into 27 colleges 1.____________(offer) him a collective $4 million in scholarship money. For Jonathan Walker，who attends high school in Panama City，the next challenge will be choosing which school 2.____________(attend)．Among his impressive consideration 3.____________(be) Harvard，Stanford，and MIT. In addition to his studies，Walker plays for his high school’s football team and is working to develop 4.____________ wrist device to help people 5.____________ are blind and deaf with communication.In school，he hopes to study engineering，an interest 6.____________(inspire) by a chemistry set his parents gifted to him. “I found a way to channel that 7.____________(curious) into science and that soon blossomed into engineering.And then from there I really 8.____________(learn) that I could use engineering to help people，” Walker told ABC News.“And so I just became super interested in creating devices that could help disadvantaged communities and people going through difficult problems.” 9．____________ for his key to success，Walker said he owes a lot to his supportive family.“They showed me what it was like to be 10.____________(passion) about something，” he said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了被27所大学录取、前途一片光明的中学毕业生乔纳森·沃克的相关情况。 1．答案　 offering 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，offer与逻辑主语colleges之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式offering作后置定语。故填offering。 2．答案　to attend 解析　考查动词不定式。 分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式，构成“疑问词＋to do”结构，作动词choosing的宾语。故填to attend。 3．答案　are 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 根据上下句时态可知，本句描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，分析句子结构可知，本句为全部倒装句，主语是Harvard，Stanford，and MIT，be动词应用are。故填are。 4．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。结合语意可知，此处表示“一种手腕设备”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，wrist是辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 5．答案　who/that 解析　考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导从句。故填who/that。 6．答案　inspired 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，inspire与逻辑主语interest之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式inspired作后置定语。故填inspired。 7．答案　curiosity 解析　考查名词。空处用于指示代词that之后，应用名词curiosity，表示“好奇心”，作动词channel的宾语。故填curiosity。 8．答案　learned/learnt 解析　考查动词的时态。根据句中could use可知，主句描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词应用过去式形式learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。 9．答案　As 解析　考查固定结构。 as for表示“至于，就……方面说来”，符合题意，as置于句首，首字母应大写。故填As。 10．答案　passionate 解析　考查形容词。 be passionate about sth为固定短语，表示“对某物有热情”，所以空处应用形容词passionate，与be动词构成系表结构。故填passionate。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $