必修第三册 UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．tap n．龙头；阀门 2．tissue n．纸巾 3．smog n．雾霾 4．battery n．电池 5．carbon n．碳 6．just-me-ism n．以自我为中心，自我中心主义 7．gallon n．加仑 8．institute n．机构；研究院 9．chimpanzee n．黑猩猩 10．brick n．砖，砖块 11．wag vi.& vt.(狗)摇(尾巴) 12．quote n．引文，引用(的话) 13．headstone n．墓碑 14．county n．县 15．pedal vi.& vt.骑n.踏板 16．diagram n．图解，示意图 17．disposable adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的 18．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 19．honey n．蜂蜜 20．butter n．黄油，牛油 21．yoghurt n．酸奶 22．air conditioning n．空调系统 23．landfill n．废弃物填埋场 24．clean-burning adj.清洁焚烧的 25．waste-to-energy adj.以垃圾作为能源的 26．footwear n．鞋类 27．near-surface adj.近地表的 28．build-up n．增长；加强 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．ocean n．海洋，大海 2．desert n．沙漠 3．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 4．flat n．一套公寓房，一套住房adj.平坦的 5．root n．树根 6．shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝vt.射中；射击 7．firm adj.实的；稳固的 8．poster n．海报 9．profit n．盈利，利润 10．pm n．下午 11．union n．联合会 12．contented adj.满意的；满足的 13．region n．地区，区域 14．slim adj.微小的；苗条的；薄的 15．rate n．比率，率 16．overcome vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情) 17．former adj.以前的，从前的 18．current adj.当前的，现时的 19．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的 20．therefore adv.因此；由此 21．path n．小径，小道 22．destination n．目的地；终点 23．resident n．居民 24．attitude n．看法；态度 25．plastic adj.塑料制的 26．sum vt.概括，总结 27．overflow vi.& vt.满是，有许多；泛滥 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．global adj.全球的，全世界的→globe n．球体；地球→globally adv.全球地，全世界地 2．industrial adj.工业的→industry n．工业 3．extinction n．灭绝→extinct adj.灭绝的 4．solution n．解决办法→solve v．解决 5．electricity n．电→electric adj.电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的→electronic adj.电子的 6．transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式 vt.运输；传播→transportation n．运输；交通工具 7．balance n．平衡→balanced adj.平衡的 8．bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦→bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的 9．involve vt.参与；包含→involved adj.卷入的；有关的→involvement n．牵连，参与 10．founder n．创办人，创始者→found v．创办；成立→foundation n．基础；地基 11．organiser n．组织者，安排者→organise vt.组织，筹备→organisation n．组织；团体；机构 12．occur vi.发生→occurrence n．出现；发生；事件 13.agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的 14．proposal n．建议，提议→propose v．建议，提议 15．survival n．继续生存，幸存→survive vi.& vt.幸存(于)；比……活得长→survivor n．幸存者 16．determination n．决心；毅力→determine v．决定→determined adj.坚定的；坚决的 17．parking n．(车辆等的)停放→park v．停车 18．disappear vi.消失，不见→disappearance n．消失，不见→appear vi.出现；似乎，显得 19．tracking n．跟踪→track v．跟踪 n．踪迹 20．official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→officially adv.官方地→office n．办公室 21．percentage n．百分比，百分率→percent n．百分数 22．container n．容器→contain v．容纳 23．majority n．大多数→major adj.主要的；重要的n.主修科目；主修(某科目的)学生 24．indicate vt.表明；显示→indication n．迹象；表示；标示 25．annually adv.每年；一年一度地→annual adj.每年的；一年一度的 26．pollutant n．污染物→pollute v．污染→pollution n．污染 27．flooding n．水灾，洪水泛滥→flood n．洪水 1．vent/vent/vt.发泄，宣泄(怒火、仇恨等) 2．go ballistic突然发怒 3．flaw/flɔː/n.缺点；缺陷 4．longevity/lɒn'dʒevəti/n.持久；持续时间；寿命 5．sophisticated/sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd/adj.见多识广的；富有经验的 6．insult/ɪn'sʌlt/vt.侮辱，冒犯 7．remedy/'remədi/n.药物；补救(法) 8．inconclusive/ˌInkən'kluːsIv/adj.非结论性的，无确定结果的 9．extensive/Ik'stensɪv/adj.广泛的，全面的 10．chronic/'krɒnɪk/adj.(疾病)慢性的，长期的 11．capture sb’s attention吸引某人注意 12．therapy/'θerəpi/n.治疗；疗法 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．do my part for sth尽自己所能做某事 2．can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事 3．take action采取行动 4．all around the world全世界 5．make sb’s dream come true (使)某人梦想成真 6．make a difference有影响；有作用 7．suffer from遭受 8．be committed to尽心尽力于，致力于 9．thanks to幸亏；由于 10．work through调整(情绪)；(通过反复思考来)解决(问题) 11．come up with想出，想到 12．take part (in)参加 13．cut back on削减，缩减 14．to sum up总之 15．a matter of只有几个……之多，不多于 16．come up上来；走进；发生，出现；被提出 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world.(if引导的虚拟条件句) 当然，如果世界上只有几个人这样，那就无所谓了。 2．To inspire young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established.(to do 置于句首作目的状语) 为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和他们的社区，“根与芽”诞生了。 3．People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.(so that引导目的状语从句) 人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。 4．In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！(with 复合结构) 1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！ 5．The new “white bikes” were not actually white but painted in bright colours.(not...but...) 新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂上了鲜艳的颜色。 6．Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people，like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of “white bikes”，you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.(those 作先行词的定语从句) 由于这个创意以及众多人的努力，例如20世纪60年代的骑行爱好者和那些让“白色自行车”回归的人，现在人们可以在阿姆斯特丹的市中心享受清新的空气和便利的交通。 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分) 1．tap n．龙头；阀门 2．tissue n．纸巾 3．smog n．雾霾 4．battery n．电池 5．carbon n．碳 6．institute n．机构；研究院 7．brick n．砖，砖块 8．wag vi.& vt.(狗)摇(尾巴) Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共24分) 1．ocean n．海洋，大海 2．desert n．沙漠 3．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 4．flat n．一套公寓房，一套住房adj.平坦的 5．root n．树根 6．shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝vt.射中；射击 7．firm adj.实的；稳固的 8．profit n．盈利，利润 9. union n．联合会 10．contented adj.满意的；满足的 11．region n．地区，区域 12．slim adj.微小的；苗条的；薄的 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分) 1．industrial adj.工业的→industry n．工业 2．transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式 vt.运输；传播→transportation n．运输；交通工具 3．bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦→bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的 4．organiser n．组织者，安排者→organise vt.组织，筹备→organisation n．组织；团体；机构 5．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的 6．proposal n．建议，提议→propose v．建议，提议 7．survival n．继续生存，幸存→survive vi.& vt.幸存(于)；比……活得长→survivor n．幸存者 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．flaw n．缺点；缺陷 2．sophisticated adj.见多识广的；富有经验的 3．insult vt.侮辱，冒犯 4．extensive adj.广泛的，全面的 5．chronic adj.(疾病)慢性的，长期的 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．take action采取行动 2．make a difference 有影响；有作用 3．suffer from 遭受 4．be committed to 尽心尽力于，致力于 5．thanks to 幸亏；由于 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分) 1．The number of cars is increasing globally，which contributes to global warming，so people all over the globe should try to use public transportation.(globe) 2．With the expansion of human domains，many species have become extinct.Human activity is to blame for the extinction of these species.(extinct) 3．Though he has solved the problem，I think that there is a better solution to it.(solve) 4．After balancing the advantages against the disadvantages of losing weight through an operation，she chose to have a balanced diet.(balance) 5．It is certain that the electrical engineer has a good knowledge of electricity.(electric) 6．Though the parental involvement in school is limited，parents should fully get involved in the education of their children.(involve) 7．Founded in 1920，the school has a long history and all its founders have passed away.(found) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分) do my part for sth，can’t be bothered to do sth，take action，be committed to，make sb’s dream come true 1．Take action right away，and you will likely get rid of your bad learning habits. 2．He finally found a job that he was totally committed to and loved working for. 3．I mind my behaviour with the purpose of doing my part for the honor of my family. 4．Having made every effort，he has made his dream come true and he finally becomes an astronaut. 5．My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me，so a flush of disappointment swept over me. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．如果我听从了母亲的建议，我就不会遇到这样的麻烦了。(if 引导的虚拟条件句) If I had followed Mother’s advice，I wouldn’t have got into such a trouble. 2．要学好汉语，你最好了解中国文化。(to do 置于句首作目的状语) To study Chinese well，you’d better have a knowledge of Chinese culture. 3．他们爬上山顶，以便可能看到更好的风景。(so that引导目的状语从句) They climbed to the top of the hill so that they might get a better view. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分) 1．quote n．引文，引用(的话) 2．county n．县 3．pedal vi.& vt.骑n.踏板 4．diagram n．图解，示意图 5．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 6．honey n．蜂蜜 7．butter n．黄油，牛油 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共22分) 1．overcome vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情) 2．former adj.以前的，从前的 3．current adj.当前的，现时的 4．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的 5．therefore adv.因此；由此 6．path n．小径，小道 7．destination n．目的地；终点 8．resident n．居民 9．attitude n．看法；态度 10．plastic adj.塑料制的 11. sum vt.概括，总结 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分) 1．parking n．(车辆等的)停放→park v．停车 2．percentage n．百分比，百分率→percent n．百分数 3．annually adv.每年；一年一度地→annual adj.每年的；一年一度的 4．occur vi.发生→occurrence n．出现；发生 5．flooding n．水灾，洪水泛滥→flood n．洪水 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．vent vt.发泄，宣泄(怒火、仇恨等) 2．longevity n．持久；持续时间；寿命 3．inconclusive adj.非结论性的，无确定结果的 4．capture sb’s attention吸引某人注意 5．therapy n．治疗；疗法 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．come up with想出，想到 2．cut back on削减，缩减 3．to sum up总之 4．a matter of 只有几个……之多，不多于 5．come up 上来；走进；被提出 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共16分) 1．Influenced by our head teacher，the majority of my high school classmates have majored in physics at university.(major) 2．This is a big container that can contain a lot of liquid.(contain) 3．I am determined to give up smoking.But you know，quitting smoking takes not only determination but perseverance.(determine) 4．Many species are disappearing every day.In fact，many scientists have long been concerned about the disappearance of these species.(disappear) 5．Scientists are trying to keep track of the new satellite but the precise tracking of it is quite difficult.(track) 6．After the new governor took office，he issued an official statement about the new economic policy.(office) 7．The river has been seriously polluted by the pollutants from a nearby factory，which might be faced with a large fine for the pollution.(pollute) 8．There are various indications that the economy is improving，indicating that the government’s efforts have paid off.(indicate) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分) 1．So far several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own and we will discuss their proposals when we are available. 2．To save more money to buy a new car，my family has cut back on spending in the few months. 3．To sum up，success results from hard work and thus，we must be committed to our learning. 4．We would spend approximately six hours working through the challenging problem we were facing. 5．Unexpectedly，taking part in today’s basketball game made my toes injured. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．每天有很多事情要处理，我感到压力很大。(with 复合结构) With so many things to deal with every day，I am almost stressed out. 2．不是索取而是奉献让生命更有意义。(not ...but...) It is not taking but giving that makes life more meaningful. 3．这本小册子是专门为阅读有困难的人设计的。(those 作先行词的定语从句) The brochure is specially designed for those who have trouble (in) reading. I used to leave tap water running and lights on，wasting much water and electricity.I couldn’t be bothered to pick litter up and it never 1.occurred(occur) to me that I could do my part for oceans and deserts.To sum up，I just thought that not I but others were to blame for smog,2.global(globe) warming and the extinction of wildlife. However，everything changed after I was introduced to “Roots & Shoots”，3.whose founder was Jane Goodall，a best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.The purpose of the union is not to gain profits but to involve more young people in working out solutions to 4.pollution(pollute) and a balanced ecosystem.Therefore，we hold 5.an activity once a month；the organiser chooses one destination，and the majority of us will take part in it.We may put up posters 6.to educate(educate) people to recycle honey or butter containers，which mostly are made of plastic.We may advocate cutting back on disposable packaging.Sometimes we help clean up pollutants in rivers；sometimes we come up with proposals that clean-burning and waste-to-energy plants should 7.be built(build)．Besides，we advocate pedaling our bikes and using less air conditioning to live a low-carbon life.Some local residents have negative attitudes to our activities,8.but/yet we just work through our frustration and overcome difficulties with great determination. Currently,9.branches(branch) of organisation have spread to many counties and regions in China and all around the world,10.indicating(indicate) a large percentage of people are doing ordinary things to make the world better. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 bother v．麻烦，操心；使苦恼(bothered adj.担心的，烦恼的) •bother to do sth操心/费心做某事 bother sb with/about sth用某事打扰某人 bother sb to do sth麻烦某人做某事 It bothers/bothered sb that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是…… •can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事 be bothered about sth为……而担心/烦恼 (1)To sum up，the majority of people can’t be bothered to recycle(recycle) plastic products. (2)(应用文写作之感谢信)任何言语都不足以表达我对你的衷心感谢。首先，几天前我很担心即将到来的英语演讲比赛，是您费心指导我提高我的发音和演讲技巧。此外，我总是麻烦你帮我解决我所面临的难题。每当我为我的事情打扰你时，你总是耐心而慷慨地为我提出很好的建议。 No words are strong enough to express my heartfelt gratitude to you.Firstly，I was bothered about the coming English Speech Competition a few days ago and it was you who bothered to guide me to improve my pronunciation and speech skills.Besides，I always bothered you to help me solve difficult problems I was faced with.Whenever I bothered you with/about my matters，you always offered me wonderful proposals patiently and generously. (3)(读后续写之心理描写)让凯莉烦恼的是，她要和一群她几乎不认识的孩子一起参加一个派对，一种担心的感觉在她心头悄然袭来。 It bothered Kelly that she would be at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knew，a sense of worry creeping up on her. involve vt.包含；参与；使参加(卷入)……(involved adj.有关的；卷入的involvement n．参与；牵连) •involve sb in (doing) sth使某人加入/卷入(做)某事 •be/get involved in/with参与；卷入 (1)(应用文写作之通知)Everyone who is interested can sign up for it and therefore，we are looking forward to your active involvement(involve)． (2)毋庸置疑，中国传统文化包含书法、中国结、剪纸等等，因此，你可以告诉我哪些最吸引外国人吗？(2021·全国甲，书面表达) No one can deny the fact that Chinese traditional cultures involve calligraphy，Chinese knots，paper cutting and so on and thus，could you please tell me which ones attract foreigners most? (3)我非常高兴能参加即将举办的旨在促进中英文化交流的中文工坊。(2023·天津6月，书面表达) I am more than delighted to get involved in/involve myself in the upcoming Chinese Workshop，which aims to promote cultural exchange between China and the UK. contented adj.满意的；满足的(content vt.使满意 n．[pl.]内容；目录 adj.满意的；满足的) •content oneself with满足于；使(某人)自己对……感到满足 •feel/be content/contented with对……满足/满意 be content to do sth乐于/愿意做某事 (1)The founder and organiser of the union was content to pedal(pedal) to the destination. (2)我对大卫克服最初疑虑的决心感到满意，大卫对自己在越野赛中的表现感到满意。我们脸上浮现出满意的微笑。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) I was/felt contented/content with David’s determination to overcome his initial doubts and David contented himself with his own performance in the cross-country run.A contented smile emerged on our faces. 用法点拨　content和contented都是形容词，但是contented可以作定语和表语，而content常常作表语。 occur vi.发生；存在；出现；(想法)产生(occurrence n．出现；发生；事件) sth occur(s)/occurred to sb某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb to do sth.某人突然想起做某事。 (1)Ocean pollution is not a rare occurrence(occur) all around the world，so we must take action to keep a balance between mankind and oceans.(2022·全国甲，书面表达) (2)我突然想到要用自己辛辛苦苦挣来的钱帮家里还清债务，于是我扔下最喜欢的玩具，朝家里飞奔而去。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) It occurred to me to help my family out of debt with my hard-earned money，so I dropped my favorite toy and sprang towards my home. (3)(读后续写之动作描写)我突然想起我们骑的马有可能认识回家的路，我破涕为笑。 It struck/hit/occurred to me that the horses we were riding might know the way home and I smiled through tears.(it作形式主语) 用法点拨　表示“某人突然想起……”的用法还有：sth strike(s)/hit(s) sb；It hits/strikes sb that... proposal n．建议，提议；求婚(propose vt.提议，建议) •the proposal to do...做……的建议 •propose doing...建议做…… propose that...(should) do...建议……应该做…… (1)The official rejected the proposal to use(use) more disposable containers. (2)He came up with a proposal that the students (should) study(study) basic knowledge hard to lay a firm foundation for further study. (3)我建议应该根据我们的语言水平、学习风格和个性对我们学生进行分组，这样我们就可以更有效地练习说英语。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) I propose that we students (should) be grouped/My proposal is that we students (should) be grouped/I propose us students’ being grouped based on our language levels，learning styles and personalities so that we can practise speaking English more efficiently. 用法点拨　在suggestion，proposal，advice等需要具体内容解释的名词后常用虚拟语气。 determination n．决心；毅力；决定(determine v．测定；决定；确定determined adj.坚决的；有决心的) •determine to do...决定做……(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth决定(做)某事 •be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态) (1)David determined on/upon taking part in the cross-country run，his eyes twinkling with great determination(determine)．(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) (2)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) It was at that time that I determined to go on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.(determine to do) (3)我决定很好地组织这次主题班会，所以我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。(2021·全国甲，书面表达) Determined to organise the theme class meeting wonderfully，so I am writing to ask you for advice on which Chinese traditional cultures attract foreigners most.(形容词短语作状语) majority n．大部分；多数，大多数；大半(major adj.主要的；主修的 vi.主修 n．专业；主修学生) •in a/the majority占大多数 a/the majority of大多数…… •major in主修…… (1)What made us wild with joy was that the majority of our work was(be) finished at 5 pm yesterday. (2)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) Some people gave up halfway，but a/the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line. (3)(应用文写作之申请信)作为一名英语专业的毕业生，我很高兴能申请这个职位。作为一个英语专业的学生，我不仅能说流利的英语，我也可以帮助你处理各种事务。 As a graduate majoring in English，I feel excited to apply for the position.Being/As an English major，not only can I speak English fluently but I can also aid you to handle various matters. (4)从上面的图表可以很容易地看出，喜欢听英文歌曲的人占大多数。(2022·全国乙，书面表达) It can be easily seen from the above chart that those who prefer listening to English songs are in the/a majority. 用法点拨　“a/the majority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 work through调整(情绪)；(通过反复思考来)解决(问题) break through突破 get through通过；完成；打通(电话) go through经历；仔细检查 live through经历……而未死 look through浏览，翻阅 用through短语的适当形式填空 (1)Scientists have broken through some technological barriers to make the batteries last longer. (2)Eager to tell him what I had gone through during the past few years，I tried phoning him but failed to get through. (3)(应用文写作之建议信)If you don’t know the meaning of an unfamiliar word，try to guess the meaning instead of looking through a dictionary at first. (4)It’s hard for the mother to work through her sadness after her daughter got drowned. (5)It was with great determination and courage that the old man lived through the stomach cancer. cut back on削减，缩减 cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路) cut in插嘴 cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝 cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 cut up切碎 cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等) 用cut短语的适当形式填空 (1)The current advice for pregnant women is to cut out alcohol. (2)I usually cut across the park on my way home and to school so that I can arrive at my destination early. (3)She kept on cutting in during our conversation，which made us very bothered. (4)He cut up the meat on his plate impatiently to show his extreme anger. (5)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking，but at least he has cut down. (6)If you can not increase sales，you must cut back on production. with＋宾语＋宾补　 In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！ “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”即with的复合结构，在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：with＋宾语＋doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语。 (1)With electricity cut(cut) off，the residents had to use a candle to light up the house. (2)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)我的心开始咚咚跳，嘴里发干，我站起来，向舞台走去。 With my heart starting to beat and my mouth dry，I rose to my feet and headed for the stage. (3)有很多问题需要解决，我冲到医院，找到了生病的伙伴，在他的指导下，我设法完成了最后的任务。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写) With many problems to settle，I dashed to the hospital and found my sick teammate and I managed to finish the last tasks with his guidance. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．balance (1)To hold a pencil，she must balance it between her wrists，then use her arms to push it along the page. A (2)How can you find the ball that is heavier by using a balance and only weighing twice？ C (3)We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife conservation. B (4)I was about to pay when I found my credit card balance was low，so I had to pay in cash. D 2．shoot (1)The movie was shot in New Zealand and it appealed to numerous people. B (2)Once we set foot on the park，we found the roses putting out new shoots. E (3)He finally hit the target after he shot at it several times. A (4)Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets，hitting a baseball，or throwing a football，preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.(2021·浙江6月) C (5)Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.(2021·新课标Ⅰ) D 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)The baby’s mother deserted him soon after giving birth.抛弃 (2)With help from Tesla，Westinghouse’s firm developed a system using alternating current，which soon became the major form of power delivery.(2022·浙江1月)电流 (3)The chance for his survival is very slim.微小的 (4)The character of a child is plastic according to experts.可塑的 (5)According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early.基金会 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．The performer couldn’t be bothered(bother) to change the costumes between two performances. 2．The broad smile on his face suggested that he was contented with his career as a conductor of the band. 3.Male family members are recommended to get more involved(involve) in educating children. 4．It occurred to the sculptor that he could make a sculpture for the nonprofit organization to show his gratitude. 5．My proposal was that you (should) learn(learn) from your failure and improve yourself in the meantime. 6．Determined(determine) to come back to the stage，the dancer struggled with his injuries bitterly. 7．As we can see in the chart，a majority of people are(be) opposed to advertisements inserted in TV plays. 8．It took the player quite a few minutes to work through the massive mental stress caused by a mistake. 9．With my best friend guiding(guide) me，I gradually mastered the skills of calligraphy. 10．Don’t hesitate to take part in the activity，or you will miss a good opportunity to experience many interesting things. 11．Ecologists recommended that human beings should cut back on the emission of carbon dioxide before it’s too late. 12．If I had seen the traffic signals，I wouldn’t have rushed(not，rush) the red light. 13．Whatever difficulties we will encounter in the coming contest，we should have a positive attitude to/toward(s) them. 14．Whenever he referred to his sick mother，he was overcome with uncontrollable grief. 15．He put forward a perfect solution to settling the problem and we all looked at him with great admiration. 假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你所在城市近年来交通拥堵越来越严重，请你以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封绿色出行的倡议书。内容包括： 1.绿色出行的意义； 2.绿色出行的方式； 3.提出号召。 完成句子 1．随着私家车的增加，我们城市的交通堵塞变得越来越严重，所以我代表学生会呼吁大家绿色出行。(with＋宾语＋宾补) 2．如果我们不采用绿色出行，我们就无法建立一个可持续发展的环境，也无法拥有健康的生活方式。(if引导的虚拟条件句) 3．为了实现这一目标，我强烈建议，我们首先要进一步提高对绿色出行重要性的认识。(propose) 4．一旦我们决定骑自行车或乘公共交通工具而不是开私家车出行，我们不仅可以避免交通堵塞，而且还可以改善我们的健康。(determine；not only...but also...的倒装结构) 5．在我们的日常生活中，我们应该想出更有效的措施来过绿色生活。(come up with) 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 参考范文 Dear teachers and classmates， With private cars increasing，the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious，so I，on behalf of the Students’ Council，appeal to everyone to go green. Firstly，if we were not to adopt green travel，we wouldn’t build a sustainable environment or have a healthy lifestyle.To achieve that，I strongly propose that we should first raise awareness of the importance of green travel further.Once we determine to ride bicycles or take public transport instead of driving private vehicles，not only can we avoid traffic jams but we can also improve our health.Last but not least，in our daily life，we should come up with more effective measures to live a green life. A small act makes a great difference.Let’s act now and enjoy a green life! The Students’ Council 教材语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　tap；recycle；do my part for sth；shoot；bother；take action；wag；involve；disappear；pedal；cut back on；sum；overflow [环境描写]　ocean；smog；desert；path；flooding [情感描写]　just-me-ism；contented；overcome；determination；work through 美句 1.Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.(动作描写) 2．Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.(结尾升华句) 拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：焦虑、担忧与无助、绝望 单词 anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑 worried adj.担心的，发愁的→worrying adj.令人担心的→worry vt.使忧虑，使担心 n．担心，忧虑 helpless/hopeless adj.无助的，绝望的→helplessness/hopelessness n．无助；绝望 词块 with anxiety焦虑地　be concerned/worried about担忧　full of/filled with anxiety焦虑不安　feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑而担忧的感觉　bend one’s head in despair 垂头丧气　abandon oneself to helplessness陷入无助　be reduced to tears伤心落泪　heart torn with despair绝望得撕心裂肺 句型 Fog beginning to creep into the forest，I grew increasingly concerned.(独立主格结构) 雾开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。 Filled with anxiety，he froze there helpless，frowning.(过去分词短语作状语；形容词作状语)他充满了焦虑，无助地僵在那里，皱着眉头。 With everything swallowed by the darkness，Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear.(with复合结构)一切都被黑暗吞没了，玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。 Worried/Concerned about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.(形容词短语作状语)由于担心这次旅行，头几天我心神不宁。 He was so nervous about the English test that he lay awake half the night，worried.(so...that...；形容词作状语)他对英语考试感到如此紧张，以至于大半夜都睡不着觉，心神不宁。 He gazed at the confusion around him，overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of despair.(过去分词短语作状语)他凝视着周围一片混乱，感到一阵绝望。 语料运用　主题：环境保护 The moment I set foot on my hometown ten years later，I gazed at the bare mountain and dirty river and froze there，①overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of despair(过去分词短语作状语)．Past beautiful scenery came back in floods.I ②was reduced to tears and bent my head in despair，thinking what had contributed to the terrible environment.③Concerned/Worried about the destroyed environment(形容词短语作状语)，I was unsettled for the first few days，being on pins and needles.④Determined to change the situation(形容词短语作状语)，I began delivering lectures to ⑤urge people to protect the environment.The public’s active responses melted away my feelings of anxiety and concern. 十年后，当我踏上家乡的那一刻，我望着光秃秃的山和脏兮兮的河，在那里僵住了，感到一阵绝望。往日的美景如洪水般涌了回来。我流下了眼泪，绝望地低下了头，想着是什么造成了这种可怕的环境。由于担心被破坏的环境，我在最初的几天里心神不宁，感觉如坐针毡。决定改变这种状况，我开始发表演讲，敦促人们保护环境。公众的积极反应消解了我焦虑和担忧的感觉。 高考题型组合练1 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) (2024·广东佛山联考) On a hot summer afternoon along the Mandavi River，Shweta Hule wraps her sari around her ankles and bends to pick wild “weeds” from the river and drop them into a bowl.The plants will be made into fritters(炸果饼)，to be served at the little restaurant attached to the B&B Hule manages in the Indian coastal town of Vengurla. Wild edible(可食用的) plants are common in kitchens here.Hule’s weed is juicy，which is found in mangrove forests.Harvesting some of the plant is helping conserve the mangroves，a globally endangered ecosystem of salt-tolerant trees that stop coastal erosion(侵蚀) and absorb storm damage. Hule is head of Swamini，a self-help group set up by nine women from a fishing community in Vengurla who started Mandavi Eco Tourism in 2017.Vengurla is known for its beautiful beaches and seafood，but the climate crisis has made fishing for a living unsustainable，so people are trying to find other sources of income.They came up with the idea of running mangrove safaris(观光游) for tourists in Vengurla’s Mandavi River. The safaris offer visitors a unique hour-long tour of the mangroves.Food has also become a key attraction：local spicy coconut curries，with homegrown or wild vegetables.Tourists are encouraged to go crabbing，and their catch is cooked and served. Hule only discovered recently that the weed was edible when she met tourists from another coastal city.She researched these leaves and learned that the salty plant is rich in vitamins.She made her own version of the fritters，with chickpea flour，and presented it at the wild vegetable festival.“It was an instant hit.This boosted the confidence to include these fritters in our restaurant menu，” says Hule. Swamini’s lodging house also serves vegetarian meals and plates of fish and crab sourced from the river.“The satisfaction after the visitors enjoy our meal is the real currency.We had guests from London who were so happy with our food that they took down the recipe.Such people help our business grow.What more can we want？” says Hule. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Shweta Hule和几位妇女创办Swamini为游客提供生态旅游和有当地特色的食宿的故事。 1．Which of the following can best describe the example of Shweta Hule? A．Do as the Romans do. B．Strike while the iron is hot. C．Kill two birds with one stone. D．Bite off more than you can chew. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“The plants will be made into...Hule manages in the Indian coastal town of Vengurla.”和第二段的“Harvesting some of the plant is helping conserve...and absorb storm damage.”可知，这些杂草可以被制成食物，而且除掉它们有助于保护红树林，由此推知，Shweta Hule收集杂草的事例可以说是一举两得。故选C。 2．What does Swamini offer to visitors? A．Eco-tours and accommodation. B．Fishing guide service. C．Vegetable growing techniques. D．Hands-on cooking classes. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“The safaris offer visitors a unique hour-long tour of the mangroves.Food has also become a key attraction...”以及最后一段第一句“Swamini’s lodging house also serves vegetarian meals and plates of fish and crab sourced from the river.”可知，Swamini给游客提供生态旅游和食宿。故选A。 3．Why were Hule’s fritters well-received? A．They were less expensive. B．They were traditional. C．They had their own features. D．They got strongly promoted. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“She made her own version of the fritters，with chickpea flour，and presented it at the wild vegetable festival.”可知，Hule的炸果饼受欢迎是因为它们有自己的特色。故选C。 4．How did Hule feel about tourists’ obtaining her food recipe? A．Lost. B．Proud. C．Worried. D．Curious. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘The satisfaction after the visitors enjoy our meal is the real currency...What more can we want？’ says Hule.”可推知，Hule对游客想得到她的食谱感到非常自豪。故选B。 B(★) (2024·安徽淮南模拟) The world’s top climate scientists of the IPCC have just released a landmark report，warning about the future of the planet.The headline—burning fossil fuels is already heating up the planet faster than anything the world has seen in 2,000 years. The IPCC is a U．N.body of 195 member states that assesses the science related to the climate crisis on behalf of governments every few years.This is the group that defines the scientific consensus.Hundreds of scientists work on a series of reports，which take years to produce.Governments have to sign off on them.And this one is just the latest big reassessment of the climate that the IPCC has done，but it’s the first one that is done in eight years.It also has the clearest，most confident conclusions that have ever been seen in an IPCC report. According to the report，the greenhouse gases that we have already put into the air have warmed up the planet so far by almost 2 compared to the pre-industrial times.This warming trend appears to be accelerating as the greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere.And if we keep burning fossil fuels，by 2100—so within the lifetime of a child that’s born today—the planet could be 5 to 7 hotter. And one new thing in this report is that it tries to put numbers on what that means.So，for instance，they say heat waves so extreme used to only happen once every 50 years.Now they’re happening almost five times more often.Extreme droughts could double or be four times in frequency.In some cases，extreme storms could become three times more frequent and drop 30% more rainfall in a day. The scientists say preventing the worst effects will demand a U-turn away from use of fossil fuels.And it depends on us collectively.If every country，every business shifts away from burning gas，coal and oil over the next 30 years or so，we could probably limit this warming trend to a total of less than 3.5． 语篇解读　本文为一篇新闻报道。IPCC的气候科学家们的报告指出，燃烧的化石燃料正在急剧加速地球变暖的速度，科学家们对人们发出了警告，提出了建议：为了防止最坏的影响，人类应彻底放弃使用化石燃料。 5．What’s the author’s probable purpose of introducing the IPCC in paragraph 2? A．To make its work better known. B．To respect the scientists’ commitment. C．To make the report more convincing. D．To appreciate its great achievements. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“The IPCC is a U．N.body of 195 member states that assesses the science related to the climate crisis on behalf of governments...This is...It also has the clearest，most confident conclusions that have ever been seen in an IPCC report.”可知，第二段中介绍了IPCC的性质、功能、报告批准流程，目的是增加文中的这篇气候方面的评估结果的说服力：这篇报道同其他的IPCC的报告一样，曾经有数百科学家耗时多年，之后才有政府签字同意。故选C。 6．What do you think of the current warming according to the report? A．It results from extreme weather. B．It is running out of fossil fuels. C．It is badly speeding up. D．There is no way to slow it down. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“This warming trend appears to be accelerating as the greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere.”可知，目前的气候变暖趋势因为温室气体在大气中的聚集而正在加速。故选C。 7．How do the scientists support their conclusion in the report? A．By defining scientific consensus. B．By using statistics and inference. C．By quoting authority figures. D．By modeling climate change. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“So，for instance，they say heat waves so extreme used to only happen once every 50 years.Now they’re happening almost five times more often.Extreme droughts...In some cases，extreme storms...”可知，此处以酷暑、极端干旱和极端风暴的三组数据为例，并由第三段末句可得出科学家们借助于数据统计和推理手法来说明这份报告中的结论。故选B。 8．What do the scientists expect people to do? A．Make joint efforts to stop the use of fossil fuels. B．Take a positive attitude to our planet’s future. C．Follow the global warming trend collectively. D．Develop new approaches to using fossil fuels. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由最后一段中“The scientists say preventing the worst effects will demand a U-turn away from use of fossil fuels.And it depends on us collectively.”可知，科学家们希望人们共同努力，彻底放弃使用化石燃料。故选A。 C Last fall，the Great Salt Lake hit its lowest level since record keeping began.The lake sank to nearly six meters below the long-term average.The lake’s shrinking threatens to upend the ecosystem，disturbing the migration and survival of 10 million birds，including ducks and geese. Duck hunters aren’t the only ones worried about the Great Salt Lake.The decades-long decline in lake level is raising alarm bells for millions of people who live in the region.The low lake level and increasing salts in the lake water threaten to destroy economic mainstays like agriculture，tourism and mining.Exposed salts can also reduce air quality and so threaten public health. Saline lakes(咸水湖) are terminal lakes.They have no rivers flowing out of them.As water disappears，salts are left behind.At the same time，the people who live in these deserts use freshwater for crops，homes and industry.Residents get water from streams and rivers into canals，pipelines or reservoirs before it reaches the lakes.And as the lakes shrink，the salt in water increases. Lake Poopo，a highland lake in Bolivia that used to stretch 90 kilometers long and 32 kilometers wide，is now a salty mud flat.The Aral Sea shared by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，once the world’s fourth largest lake，has at times in recent decades shrunk to a tenth of its historic 68,000-square-kilometer surface area.Some saline lakes，like Nevada’s Winnemucca Lake，dried up so long ago—the waters that fed it were led to agricultural fields—that most people have forgotten they were ever wet. The good news is that people still have time to halt the Great Salt Lake’s decline by using less water.Cutting agricultural and other outdoor water use by a third to half through a combination of voluntary conservation measures and policy changes would allow the lake to refill enough to support the region’s economy，ecology and quality of life.If this succeeds，the Great Salt Lake can be a model for how to save other saline lakes around the world. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大盐湖水位下降、面积萎缩，分析了其原因、带来的危害以及可以采取的应对措施。 9．What do we know about the Great Salt Lake from the first two paragraphs? A．It is home to ducks. B．It will disappear soon. C．It will be less important. D．It’s been shrinking for years. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The lake’s shrinking threatens to upend the ecosystem，disturbing the migration and survival of 10 million birds，including ducks and geese.”可知，大盐湖是鸭子的栖息地，故选A。 10．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about saline lakes? A．Their current states. B．The challenges they face. C．Measures to restore them. D．Reasons why they become saltier. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段“Saline lakes(咸水湖) are terminal lakes.They have no rivers flowing out of them.As water disappears，salts are left behind.At the same time，...”归纳可知，第三段主要介绍了咸水湖有更多盐分的原因，故选D。 11．What does the underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Stop. B．Boost. C．Adapt. D．Learn. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“...by using less water.Cutting agricultural and other outdoor water use by a third to half through a combination of voluntary conservation measures and...”可知，人们可以通过一些措施来拯救大盐湖，即阻止大盐湖的衰退，因此画线单词意为“阻止”，故选A。 12．What can be the best title of this text? A．The Great Salt Lake Is Getting Smaller B．The World Is Becoming Drier and Drier C．Saline Lakes Need Freshwater Deadly D．Many Lakes in the World Will Disappear 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Last fall，the Great Salt Lake hit its lowest level since record keeping began.The lake sank to nearly six meters...”可知，文章主要介绍了大盐湖水位下降、面积萎缩，分析了其原因、带来的危害以及可以采取的应对措施，故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 The Importance of Inventions They say necessity is the mother of invention，but invention drives the economy.The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world.__1__ And it goes beyond culture.The modern era is arguably the greatest time in the history of the world for innovation，but none of it would have happened without the invention of electricity supplied on demand.With that one advancement，in came the fastest-changing period in human history and the greatest population growth，too. __2__ Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene and reduce exposure to human waste，which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in.The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in turn helped extend the average life expectancy.__3__ People eat better，and more safely，because of innovations we now take for granted like the refrigerator，the oven and running tap water.Daily life at work has transformed because heavy-lifting jobs can be done by forklifts.In fact，technology is reaching a new height.__4__ More people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and the like changing our fitness level and lowering the risk of injury during a workday. Even entertainment has changed because no longer do people have to make their own fun by playing games.__5__ How people communicate，work，eat，travel，shop is all subject to innovation and invention.Advances don’t always improve life，though，as many people are learning through the constant-access struggles of smartphones and ever-present noise pollution in cities. A．Innovation shapes the way life is lived. B．They can turn to their phone，TV or radio. C．Factories are using robots for many tasks now. D．They have affected the way we consume media. E．Inventions influence all aspects of modern existence. F．New technologies often simplify the average person’s life. G．And that has led to the Earth’s population rising sharply in the last 150 years. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发明的重要性，作者认为虽说需求是发明之母，但发明才是经济的动力。 1．答案　A 解析　根据空前内容“The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world.”以及空后内容“And it goes beyond culture...”可知，空前和空后讲述的是发明的重要性。选项A“创新塑造了人们的生活方式”符合上下文内容，讲述的也是发明即创新给人们的生活带来的变化。空后的it指的就是A项中的Innovation。故选A。 2．答案　E 解析　根据空后内容“Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene and...which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in...”可知，下文主要讲述的是发明影响了我们生活的各个方面。选项E“发明影响现代生活的方方面面”与下文内容相一致，是下文内容的综述。故选E。 3．答案　G 解析　根据空前内容“The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in turn helped extend the average life expectancy.”可知，现代发明有助于延长人类的平均寿命，所以上文讲的是发明与人类生命的关系。选项G“这导致了地球人口在过去150年里急剧增长”与上文构成因果关系，正是由于人类寿命的延长，才导致了地球人口的剧增。故选G。 4．答案　C 解析　根据空前内容“Daily life at work has transformed because...”可知，上文讲述的是发明对工作的影响。选项C“工厂现在使用机器人做很多工作”承接上文内容，同时与下文“More people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and...”保持一致，正因为工厂有机器人做很多工作，所以越来越多的人可以在办公室工作。故选C。 5．答案　B 解析　根据空前内容“Even entertainment has changed because...”可知，上文提到的是人们不再需要只通过游戏来获得乐趣。选项B“他们可以转向手机、电视或收音机”承接上文内容，进一步说明发明给娱乐方式带来的变化。选项中的They指代上文的people。故选B。 高考题型组合练2 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos.For every pack of yogurt that a person bought，he would donate yogurt to a family in need.Danone had done its research.Increasingly，people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose.Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing.But Juntos was a failure.Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign，Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched.Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt. What happened？To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure，Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option.They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure”．They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out？Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out.He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives.Instead，they were occupied with what else they could do with their money. I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices.But cheap products can create many problems.Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones.As a result，we shop more often，which is ultimately worse for our wallets.Plus，that spending pattern can do greater damage to the environment.Thanks in part to fast fashion，people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago.The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime(海运的) shipping combined. So before you dive into your wallet for some deals，try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving.Think carefully about what you are buying，too. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章就“是否应该为了追求意义而选择廉价低质的产品”进行了讨论。 1．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos? A．It ignored marketing strategies. B．It priced itself relatively high. C．It lacked a particularly good taste. D．It focused on delight and pleasure. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product”可知，把意义放在首位的参与者更喜欢便宜的产品，因此我们可以推断Juntos失败的主要原因是它以公益意义为卖点，但实际定价相对较高，所以买的人少。故选B。 2．What can be inferred about meaning-seekers? A．They frequent high-end stores. B．They think products extend their lives. C．They hesitate to make decisions. D．They make more purchases with money. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about...what else they could do with their money.”可推知，以意义为导向的人更关注用钱做更多的事情，买更多的东西，故选D。 3．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By giving some examples. B．By listing numbers and data. C．By explaining reasons. D．By making some comparisons. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“But cheap products can create many problems.Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones.”和“Plus，that spending pattern can do greater damage to the environment.”可推断，作者是通过解释买廉价产品会产生很多问题的原因来行文的，故选C。 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Innovation：a Product’s Life B．To Buy or Not to Buy C．Meaning-seekers or Quality-pursuers D．Fast Fashion：a Hit to Your Wallet 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，文章主要讨论了是否应该为了追求意义而选择廉价低质的产品，C选项符合文章主旨，故选C。 B(★) Earth’s oceans are changing color and climate breakdown is probably to blame，according to a research.The deep blue sea is actually becoming steadily greener over time，according to the study，with areas in the low latitudes(纬度) near the equator especially affected. “The reason why we care about this is not that we care about the color，but that the color is a reflection of the changes in the state of the ecosystem，” said B．B.Cael，a scientist and author of the study published in Nature. The previous research focused on changes in the greenness of the ocean to learn about trends in the changing climate.But Cael’s team pored_over 20 years of observations by NASA’s Modis-Aqua satellite，a comprehensive database，and looked for patterns of change in the ocean’s color through a fuller color spectrum(色谱) including red and blue. The changes have been detected in over 56% of the world’s oceans.In most areas there’s a clear “greening effect”，Cael said，but he added that there are also places where red or blue colorings are rising or falling.“These are not massive ecosystem-destroying changes.They may be mild，” said Cael.“But this gives us an additional piece of evidence that human activity is likely affecting large parts of the global biosphere(生物圈) in a way that we haven’t been able to understand.” Although this discovery firmly documents another consequence of a changing climate，what is not yet clear is how strong these changes are and what is happening inside the ocean to cause them，according to Michael J．Behrenfeld，a researcher of ocean productivity，who was not involved in the research. NASA will be launching an advanced satellite mission in January 2024 called Pace which will also measure hundreds of colors in the ocean instead of a handful of progressing studies like these further.“Making more meaningful inferences about what the changes actually are is definitely a big next step，” said Cael. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，地球海洋的颜色正在变化，文章介绍了其变化的原因和所带来的启示。 5．Why should attention be drawn to the changing color of oceans? A．It reflects ecosystem changes. B．It causes climate breakdown. C．Human activities are affected. D．Low latitude areas are influenced. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The reason why we care about this is not that we care about the color，but that the color is a reflection of the changes in the state of the ecosystem”可知，关注海洋的颜色是因为它反映了生态系统状态的变化。故选A。 6．What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Copied. B．Covered. C．Studied. D．Borrowed. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。结合画线词下文“and looked for patterns of change in the ocean’s color through a fuller color spectrum(色谱) including red and blue”可知，本句讲的是凯尔的团队对美国宇航局的Modis-Aqua卫星20年的观测进行了研究。所以画线词此处的含义为“研究”。故选C。 7．What is Michael’s attitude towards the discovery? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“Although this discovery firmly...what is not yet clear is...according to Michael J．Behrenfeld”可知，Michael同时提出了这一发现的影响和不足，故他对此发现持客观态度。故选C。 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Pace’s function. B．Cael’s suggestions. C．Meaningful inferences. D．NASA’s further research plans. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段“NASA will be launching an advanced satellite mission in January 2024...‘Making more meaningful inferences about what the changes actually are is definitely a big next step，’ said Cael.”归纳可知，最后一段主要介绍了NASA的进一步的研究计划。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·北京八中期中) On the final day of my high school，I was hit in the face with a baseball bat.As my classmate __1__ at the ball with all his strength，the bat slipped out of his hands and came flying toward me before __2__ me directly between my eyes.I have no memory of the moment of __3__. When I opened my eyes，I saw people __4__ at me and running over to help.Shocked and __5__，I was unaware of how severely I had been injured. Shortly after arriving at the local hospital，my body began __6__.I struggled with basic __7__ like swallowing and breathing.So the doctors decided the local hospital was __8__ to handle the situation and __9__ me a helicopter to fly me to a larger hospital. The following months were hard.It felt like everything in my life was a __10__.I had double vision for weeks and I __11__ couldn’t see straight.But I was determined not to let my injury get me down.Although the path of recovery was not __12__，I managed to get my life in order.With constant efforts，I even became a college athlete and played professionally to __13__ my potential. The experience taught me a __14__ lesson：what doesn’t beat you makes you stronger.We all deal with __15__ but in the long run，the quality of our lives often depends on the attitude towards setbacks in life. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不幸被同学的棒球棒击中脸部，伤得非常严重，但是作者努力克服困难，让生活回归正常。作者从这次经历中学会了积极应对生活的挑战，让自己变得更为强大。 1．A.aimed B．swung C．pointed D．grabbed 答案　B 解析　根据下文“at the ball with all his strength，the bat slipped out of his hands”可推知，作者的同学在用全力朝棒球打去，然后球棒滑落了。故选B。 2．A.striking B．interrupting C．wrapping D．embracing 答案　A 解析　根据上文“I was hit in the face with a baseball bat”可知，作者被同学的棒球棒击中。故选A。 3．A.impression B．image C．invitation D．impact 答案　D 解析　根据上文“I was hit in the face with a baseball bat”及“I have no memory of”可知，作者的脸被同学的棒球棒击中，应该是不记得被撞击的那一刻了。故选D。 4．A.laughing B．shouting C．pointing D．staring 答案　D 解析　根据上文“When I opened my eyes，I saw people”可知，作者睁开了眼睛，看到的应该是大家都盯着他看。故选D。 5．A.bored B．amused C．confused D．disappointed 答案　C 解析　根据下文“I was unaware of how severely I had been injured”可知，作者不知道自己伤得有多严重，所以在那一刻应该是困惑的。故选C。 6．A.taking off B．breaking out C．opening up D．shutting down 答案　D 解析　take off起飞；break out爆发；open up开放；shut down停止运行。根据下文“I struggled with basic”可知，作者在行动上遇到了困难，所以应该是身体停止运转。故选D。 7．A.functions B．roles C．rights D．responsibilities 答案　A 解析　根据下文“like swallowing and breathing”可知，吞咽和呼吸是身体的基本功能。故选A。 8．A.uninvited B．uninterested C．unmanned D．unequipped 答案　D 解析　根据下文“fly me to a larger hospital”可知，作者被运往更大的医院接受治疗，所以本地的医院应该是不具备处理这种情况的能力。故选D。 9．A.assisted B．ordered C．commanded D．instructed 答案　B 解析　根据下文“me a helicopter”可推知，医生们应该是为作者叫了一架直升机，ordered“要求提供服务”符合语境，order sb sth是固定短语，意为“帮某人叫某种服务”。故选B。 10．A.chance B．hit C．mess D．balance 答案　C 解析　根据上文“The following months were hard.”可知，接下来的几个月很艰难，所以作者的生活应该是陷入了混乱。故选C。 11．A.barely B．literally C．immediately D．purposely 答案　B 解析　barely几乎不；literally简直；immediately立即；purposely故意地。 根据上文“I had double vision for weeks”可知，作者有重影，所以此处是强调简直看不清东西。故选B。 12．A.broad B．traditional C．smooth D．remote 答案　C 解析　根据上文作者的生活陷入混乱，视力受到严重影响可推知，康复的道路应该并不顺利。故选C。 13．A.record B．change C．adopt D．realize 答案　D 解析　根据上文“I even became a college athlete”和下文“my potential”可推知，作者成了大学运动员和职业球员可以充分发挥潜力。故选D。 14．A.creative B．critical C．bitter D．cheerful 答案　B 解析　根据上文作者克服受伤后的困难，让生活恢复正常，并通过努力成为大学运动员和职业球员可推知，作者从这次经历中学到了很重要的一课。故选B。 15．A.challenges B．outcomes C．opportunities D．experiences 答案　A 解析　根据下文“the attitude towards setbacks in life”可推知，此处作者说的是面对挑战。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·福建厦门质检) Wangdao，a biographical film about Chen Wangdao(1891—1977)，was first shown at Fudan University on Mar.24,2023.“Wang Dao” is not only the name of Chen but also means 1.____________(insist) on the path of truth. The film follows the life of Chen Wangdao.It shows how Chen 2.____________(translate) the masterpiece The Communist Manifesto 3.____________ how a group of passionate people struggled for their dreams.It 4.____________(vivid) presents a scene in which Chen was so absorbed in his translation that he made 5.____________ amusing mistake.His mother put a Zongzi with a bowl containing brown sugar on his desk.Moments later，his lips 6.____________(cover) in ink as he had dipped(蘸) the Zongzi into his ink.His mother jokingly asked 7.____________(he) whether the sugar was sweet，and he said，“Yes，it is sweet enough.” At 29，Chen finished the translation,8.____________ laid the foundation for the establishment of the Communist Party of China in 1921 and inspired many people 9.____________(take) part in revolution(革命)． “The university decided to make the film to promote the noble character of our late headmaster，Chen Wangdao，and we hope his 10.____________(pursue) for a bright future of China can continue to inspire the young people，” said Qiu Xin，Party Chief of Fudan University. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了复旦大学制作的电影《望道》，该电影讲述了学者陈望道追求真理的一生，展现了他高尚的品格。 1．答案　insisting 解析　考查非谓语动词。mean doing为固定搭配，意为“意味着……”，动名词doing作宾语。故填insisting。 2．答案　translated 解析　考查时态。空处作how引导的宾语从句的谓语，电影中展现的是陈先生的人生，发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填translated。 3．答案　and 解析　考查连词。分析句子可知，前后两个how分别引导名词性从句作shows的宾语，从句之间是并列关系，空处应用连词and进行连接。故填and。 4．答案　vividly 解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰谓语动词presents，作状语，应用vivid的副词形式。故填vividly。 5．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且amusing的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 6．答案　were covered 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处为谓语动词，句子在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，cover和主语his lips之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词需用were。故填were covered。 7．答案　him 解析　考查代词。 分析句子可知，空处作asked的宾语，应用he的宾格形式。故填him。 8．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句对先行词translation作补充说明，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 9．答案　to take 解析　考查非谓语动词。inspire sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为 “激励某人做某事”。故填to take。 10．答案　pursuit 解析　考查名词。分析句子可知，空处被his修饰，应用pursue的名词形式pursuit，意为“追求”，是不可数名词。故填pursuit。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $