期中复习专项02语法精讲--2025-2026学年八年级英语下册(人教版)

2026-03-27
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2025-2026学年八年级英语下册期中专项复习(人教版2024) 专项02语法精讲 动词不定式 (1)常接动词不定式作宾语的动词如下: want to do sth想要做某事 plan to do sth计划做某事 refuse to do sth拒绝做某事 expect to do sth期望做某事 decide to do sth决定做某事 offer to do sth主动提出做某事 learn to do sth学习做某事 hope to do sth希望做某事 afford to do sth承担得起做某事 agree to do sth同意做某事 prepare to do sth准备做某事 promise to do sth承诺做某事 choose to do sth选择做某事 help(to)do sth帮忙做某事 would like to do sth想要做某事 (2)find,think,make等词后面跟动词不定式时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(即动词不定式)后置。如: I find it difficult to learn a language well. 我发现学好一门语言很难。 (3)动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等疑问词连用,构成“疑问词+动词不定式”,在句中可充当宾语。如: Can you teach me how to play the piano?你能教我怎样弹钢琴吗? 【注意】有些动词既可接动词不定式,也可以接动名词,但意义却不同。如: try to do sth 努力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 forget to do sth 忘记要做某事(还没做) forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做) remember to do sth 记得要做某事(还没做) remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做) stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词如下: allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 ask sb to do sth让某人做某事 teach sb to do sth教某人做某事 wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 expect sb to do sth盼望某人做某事 tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事 advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事 remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事 help sb(to)do sth帮助某人做某事 【拓展】常见的使役动词make,let,have及感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,to 需省略。如: The teacher made him stand in the corner. 老师让他站在角落里。 My parents let me watch TV for an hour every day.我父母让我每天看一小时电视。 I often see them play football on the playground. 我经常看到他们在操场踢足球。 4. 动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语时,可放在句首或句尾,位于句首时常用逗号隔开。如: To learn more about history, he reads many books. 为了了解更多历史,他读了很多书。 过关练习 1.________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke the door down. A.Reach B.To reach C.Reaching 2.I told him ________ so much noise in the library. A.not make B.don’t make C.not to make 3.Try ________ the mistakes in your composition next time. A.avoid B.avoiding C.to avoid 4.—What do you do in your free time? —I play the flute ________. A.relaxing B.to relax C.relaxes 5.It’s easy. Let me ________. A.clear the air B.give it a go C.on top of the world 6.My sister encouraged me ________ English as often as possible. And then my spoken English can be improved. A.speak B.to speak C.speaking 7.I don’t want ________ this job. It’s important to me. A.losing B.lose C.to lose 8.WeChat and Facebook make it easier ________ to each other. A.talk B.to talk C.talking 9.We try what we can ________ homeless (无家可归的) children. A.to help B.helped C.helps 10.—What beautiful flowers! I can’t decide ________ for my mother. —For Mother’s Day, it can’t be better to take some carnations (康乃馨). A.when to choose B.how to choose C.which to choose 11.Most experts think it is very important for children to learn ________ the housework. A.how do B.what to do C.how to do 12.The teacher asked us ________ the question in groups. A.discuss B.to discuss C.discussing 13.He decided ________ part in the volunteer activity. A.take B.taking C.to take 14.It’s necessary ________ us ________ exercise every day. A.for; to do B.of; to do C.for; doing 15.Let’s ________ a walk after dinner. It’s good for our health. A.take B.to take C.taking 16.The funny story made all of us ________ loudly. A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing 17.Sally was very excited, because she happened ________ one of her old friends ten years later. A.to meet B.meeting C.met 18.—I’d love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework ________. —If you don’t go, nor will I. A.to do B.to doing C.doing 19.We work very hard ________ this task ahead of time (提前). A.finishing B.to finish C.finishes 20.—What did the teacher say just now? —He told us ________ in the river. A.not swim B.swimming C.not to swim 参考答案 1.B 【详解】句意:为了接触到被锁在里面的人,消防员们把门撞开了。 考查非谓语动词中不定式作目的状语的用法。根据“the firemen broke the door down”可知,其目的是“接触到里面的人”,表目的时要用动词不定式to do。故选B。 2.C 【详解】句意:我告诉他不要在图书馆里制造这么大的噪音。 考查动词固定搭配。not make错误表达;don’t make不要制造;not to make不要制造。根据“tell sb. not to do sth.”的固定结构可知,告诉某人不要做某事要用not to make。故选C。 3.C 【详解】句意:下次尽量避免你作文中的错误。 考查非谓语动词。try to do sth.“努力做某事”,强调努力尝试去完成某个动作;try doing sth.“尝试做某事 (看效果如何)”,强调尝试一种新的方式或方法。在本句中,“下次尽量避免作文中的错误”表达的是努力去达成“避免错误”这个目标,所以应该用“try to do sth.”的结构。故选C。 4.B 【详解】句意:——你在空闲时间做什么?——我吹长笛来放松。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I play the flute”可知,此处表示目的“为了放松”,此处用动词不定式to relax来作目的状语。故选B。 5.B 【详解】句意:这很简单。让我试一试。 考查动词短语。clear the air消除误会;give it a go试一试;on top of the world欣喜若狂。根据“It’s easy. Let me ...”可知,此处表示让我“试一试”。故选B。 6.B 【详解】句意:我姐姐鼓励我尽可能经常说英语,这样我的英语口语就能得到提高。 encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,空处需动词不定式,应填to speak。 7.C 【详解】句意:我不想失去这份工作,它对我来说很重要。 考查动词不定式作宾语。lose动词“失去”;want是及物动词,其后常接动词不定式作宾语,构成固定搭配want to do sth“想要做某事”,此处用to lose。故选C。 8.B 【详解】句意:微信和脸书让人们更方便地相互交流。 考查不定式。根据“WeChat and Facebook make it easier ... to each other.”可知,此处放于it的形式宾语结构:v. + it +adj. + to do sth.,此处应用其不定式to talk。故选B。 9.A 【详解】句意:我们尽力帮助无家可归的孩子们。   考查非谓语动词。to help帮助,动词不定式;helped过去式或过去分词;helps动词第三人称单数。分析句子结构可知,“what we can”是try的宾语从句,其后需要不定式作目的状语,表示“尽我们所能去帮助”。固定搭配“try what one can to do sth.”意为“尽力做某事”。故选A。 10.C 【详解】句意:——多么漂亮的花啊!我无法决定为我的妈妈选哪一种。——在母亲节,送一些康乃馨再合适不过了。 考查疑问词+不定式的用法。when to choose何时选择;how to choose如何选择;which to choose选择哪一个。根据答语“送康乃馨再合适不过了”可知,答话人建议选择康乃馨,因此第一句话是在表达“无法决定选哪一种花”。故选C。 11.C 【详解】句意:大多数专家认为,对于孩子们来说,学习如何做家务非常重要。 考查疑问词+动词不定式的用法。how do结构错误;what to do做什么;how to do如何做,根据“learn ... the housework”可知,此处表示学习如何做家务。故选C。 12.B 【详解】句意:老师要求我们分组讨论这个问题。 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。根据“The teacher asked us…the question in groups.”可知,ask sb to do sth意为“要求某人做某事”,是固定搭配,此处是动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 13.C 【详解】句意:他决定参加这次志愿者活动。 考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,动词短语,此处应用to take作宾语。故选C。 14.A 【详解】句意:对我们来说,每天锻炼是必要的。 考查固定句型“It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”用法。for对于,为了;of……的;to do做,动词不定式;doing做,动名词或现在分词。根据题意可知,“It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”,表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”,当形容词描述事物的客观性质(如necessary, important, easy等)时,常用介词for;若形容词描述人的品质(如kind, clever, foolish等)则用of。此处“necessary”指“锻炼”这件事的必要性,不直接评价人的品质,因此用for,且不定式to do表示具体行为。故选A。 15.A 【详解】句意:晚饭后我们去散步吧。这对我们的健康有好处。 考查非谓语动词。“Let’s”是“Let us”的缩写,后面必须跟动词原形,构成“Let’s do sth.”结构,表示“让我们做某事”;因此,这里应用动词原形take。故选A。 16.A 【详解】句意:这个有趣的故事让我们所有人都大声笑了起来。 考查使役动词make的固定用法。laugh“笑”是动词原形,to laugh是动词不定式,laughing是现在分词/动名词形式。make是使役动词,固定搭配为make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”,后接动词原形作宾语补足语。根据固定结构,此处应填动词原形laugh,故选A。 17.A 【详解】句意:萨莉非常兴奋,因为十年后她碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。 考查动词固定搭配。happen to do sth.是固定结构,意为“碰巧做某事”,此处需要用动词不定式to meet。故选A。 18.A 【详解】句意:——我很想和你一起去远足,但我有很多作业要做。——如果你不去,我也不去。 考查动词不定式作后置定语。have sth. to do是固定结构,意为“有某事要做”,此处用动词不定式to do作后置定语,修饰homework。故选A。 19.B 【详解】句意:我们非常努力地提前完成这个任务。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据“We work very hard ... this task ahead of time”可知,“努力工作”的目的是“提前完成任务”,用动词不定式(to do)表示目的。故选B。 20.C 【详解】句意:——老师刚才说了什么?——他告诉我们不要在河里游泳。 考查动词不定式的用法。在动词tell后表示命令或建议时,应使用tell sb. to do sth,否定形式为tell sb. not to do sth;not swim缺少to,不符合语法;swimming为动名词形式,不适用于此结构。故选C。 could, should提建议 could, should后接动词原形,都可用来提建议,但侧重点不同。could比can语气更委婉,用来表示委婉、客气地陈述看法和建议,向对方提供一个可供选择的内容,意为“可以……;不妨……”;should表示义务和责任,说话者语气较肯定,表示“按照常理该怎么样”,意为“应该;应当”。如: You could use word cards to remember new words. 你可以用单词卡记单词。(一个可供选择的方法) You should listen to the teacher carefully in class. 你上课应该认真听老师讲课。(应该要做的) 2. 其他用于提建议的句型 (1)What about doing sth?=How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? (2)Why don't you do sth?=Why not do sth? 你为什么不做某事呢? (3)Let's do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。 (4)Shall we do sth?我们做某事,好吗? (5)You'd better(not) do sth. 你最好(不)做某事。 (6)Would you like to do sth? 你想要做某事吗? 他们的答语可以是: ★同意对方的建议时,一般用: (1)Good idea. / That's a good idea. 好主意。 (2)OK. / All right. / Great. 好。 (3)Yes, please. / I'd love to. 好的。 / 我愿意。 (4)I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 (5)No problem. 没问题。 (6)Sure. / Of course. / Certainly. 当然可以。 (7)Yes, I think so. 对,我也这样想。 ★委婉谢绝对方的建议时,一般用: (1)I don't think so. 我认为不是这样的。 (2)Sorry, I can't. 对不起,我不能。 (3)I'd love to, but … 我愿意,但…… (4)I'm afraid … 我恐怕…… 反身代词 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单 数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves 【 总 结 】第一、二人称的反身代词是在形容词性物主代词的基础上加-self/-selves,第三人称的反身代词是在人称代词的宾格的基础上加-self/-selves 【拓展】1. 反身代词可以在句中作同位语、宾语和表语 (1)作同位语,加强语气,用于被修饰的名词或代词后。如: The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 (2)作宾语,用于动词或介词之后,主语和宾语指同一个或一些人。如: You should take good care of yourself. 你应该照顾好你自己。 (3)作表语,用于系动词之后。如: The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。 2. 与反身代词相关的常见短语 by oneself 独自;单独 teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得开心;过得愉快 help oneself to … 随便吃…… lose oneself 迷失;迷路 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 hurt oneself 伤害自己 kill oneself 自杀 过关练习 1.—________ I borrow your dictionary to look up a health-related word? —Sure, here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May 2.You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health. A.should B.shouldn’t C.needn’t 3.—I’m feeling very tired today. —You ________ go to bed earlier tonight. A.shouldn’t B.must C.could 4.You ________ speak loudly in the library. It’s impolite. A.should B.shouldn’t C.could 5.We ________ take an umbrella. The weather forecast says it might rain. A.should B.shouldn’t C.can’t 6.She ________ swim when she was five years old. She was very talented. A.should B.shouldn’t C.could 7.—The box is too heavy for me. —You ________ ask Tom for help. A.may B.should C.could 8.Jim ________ recite (背诵) more than 100 poems at the age of three. A.can B.should C.could 9.As students, we all ________ follow the school rules. A.could B.should C.would 10.—Can your little sister dress _______? —No, she’s only three years old. A.herself B.himself C.yourself 11.As the art festival is coming, we are preparing everything by ________. A.yourselves B.themselves C.ourselves 12.These two children enjoyed ________ on the farm. A.himself B.themselves C.itself 13.I fell off the bike and hurt ________. A.me B.my C.myself 14.—Who taught ________ English, kids? —Nobody. We just learned it ________. A.your; by ourselves B.you; for ourselves C.you; by ourselves 15.—Did you hurt ________ while ________ soccer? —No, I didn’t. A.you, playing B.yourself, play C.yourself, playing 参考答案 1.C 【详解】句意:——我可以借你的词典查一个与健康相关的词吗?——当然,给你。 Must必须;Should应该;May可以。根据答语“Sure, here you are.”可知,此处是请求许可,应用May表示“可以”。 2.B 【详解】句意:你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。这对你的健康有害。 should应该;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。根据“It’s bad for your health”可知,吃太多垃圾食品对健康有害,因此不应该吃太多。应填shouldn’t。 3.C 【详解】句意:——我今天感觉很累。——你今晚可以早点上床睡觉。 考查情态动词辨析。shouldn’t不应该;must必须;could可以,能。根据“I’m feeling very tired today.”可知,此处是给出建议,表示“可以早点睡觉”。故选C。 4.B 【详解】句意:你不应该在图书馆里大声说话。这是不礼貌的。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该;shouldn’t不应该;could可以。根据“speak loudly ... It’s impolite”可知,在图书馆大声说话是不礼貌的行为,因此此处表示否定建议“不应该”。故选B。 5.A 【详解】句意:我们应该带把伞。天气预报说可能会下雨。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该;shouldn’t不应该;can’t不能。根据“The weather forecast says it might rain.”可知,天气预报有降雨可能,所以应该带伞做好准备。故选A。 6.C 【详解】句意:她五岁时就会游泳了,非常有天赋。 考查情态动词。 should应该;shouldn’t不应该;could会,可以。根据“She ... swim when she was five years old.”及后文的“talented”可知,此处表达“会,可以”,could符合题意。故选C。 7.B 【详解】句意:——这个箱子对我来说太重了。——你应该向汤姆寻求帮助。 考查情态动词辨析。may可以;should应该;could可以。根据“The box is too heavy for me”这一困难情境,后句应给出建议,表示“应该”向汤姆求助,强调建议或劝告。故选B。 8.C 【详解】句意:吉姆在三岁时能背诵100多首诗。 考查情态动词辨析。can能,表示现在能力;should应该,表示义务或建议;could能,表示过去能力。根据“at the age of three”可知描述过去的能力,故应用过去式情态动词could。故选C。 9.B 【详解】句意:作为学生,我们都应该遵守学校规则。 考查情态动词辨析。could可以;should应该;would会。根据句意,遵守学校规则是学生的义务,需用“应该”表示义务或责任。故选B。 10.A 【详解】句意:——你的小妹妹能自己穿衣服吗?——不能,她才三岁。 考查反身代词的用法。herself她自己;himself他自己;yourself你自己。主语“your little sister”是女性,需用女性反身代词herself表示“她自己”。故选A。 11.C 【详解】句意:随着艺术节的临近,我们正在靠自己准备一切。 考查反身代词辨析。yourselves你们自己;themselves他们自己;ourselves我们自己。反身代词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主语是we,因此应用ourselves。故选C。 12.B 【详解】句意:这两个孩子在农场玩得很开心。 考查反身代词辨析。himself他自己;themselves他们自己;itself它自己。主语“These two children”是复数,反身代词需与主语在数上保持一致,表示“他们自己”。故选B。 13.C 【详解】句意:我从自行车上摔下来,伤到了自己。 考查代词辨析。me我,人称代词宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;myself我自己,反身代词。根据“I fell off the bike and hurt”可知,主语“I”与受伤的对象是同一人,需使用反身代词表示动作作用于自身。故选C。 14.C 【详解】句意:——孩子们,谁教你们英语?——没有人。我们只是自学的。 your你的/你们的,形容词性物主代词,by ourselves靠我们自己;you你/你们,是人称代词的主格或者宾格,for ourselves为我们自己;you你/你们,是人称代词的主格或者宾格,by ourselves靠我们自己。第一空位于动词taught之后,作宾语,应用人称代词宾格you;第二空表示“自学”,固定搭配为learn by oneself,主语是We,反身代词应用ourselves,第一空应填you;第二空应填by ourselves。 15.C 【详解】句意:——你踢足球时伤到自己了吗?——不,没有。 you你,主格;yourself你自己,反身代词;playing玩,现在分词;play玩,动词原形。主语是you,动作hurt的承受者也是主语本身,因此应用反身代词yourself“你自己”;while引导时间状语从句时,若从句主语与主句主语一致,且含有be动词,常省略主语和be,直接用“while+现在分词”结构,即while playing“在踢足球的时候”。 although, until, so that与 if 的用法 从属连词 含义及用法 举  例 although 引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管;即使”,不能与but连用,但是可以和still, yet等词连用 Although he was tired, he still went on working. 虽然他很疲惫,但是他仍然继续工作。 until 引导时间状语从句,用于肯定句时,意为“到……时;直到……为止”,主句的谓语动词用延续性动词;用于否定句时,构成“not … until …”结构,意为“直到……才……”,主句的谓语动词一般用非延续性动词 I will stay here until you come back. 我会一直在这等到你回来。(stay为延续性动词) He didn't leave the office until he finished his work. 直到完成工作,他才离开了办公室。(leave为非延续性动词) so that 引导目的状语从句,意为“为了;因此”,从句中常使用can, could, may, might, will等情态动词 They got up early so that they could catch the early bus. 他们早早起床,为了能够赶上早班车。 if 引导条件状语从句,意为“如果;假如”。当if引导真实条件句时,有以下几种句子结构:(1)当主句是一般将来时,if从句的谓语动词用一般现在时(2)当主句是祈使句时,if从句的谓语动词用一般现在时(3)当主句含有情态动词时,if从句的谓语动词通常用一般现在时 【注意】当主句含有情态动词用于提建议时,if从句的谓语动词也可使用一般过去时,用来使语气更委婉、客气、不具强制性 If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 如果你努力学习,你就会通过考试。 Please call me if you need any help. 如果你需要任何帮助,请打电话给我。 If you finish your work early, you can leave. 如果你提前完成工作,你就可以离开。 If you had time, I think you should read this book. 如果你有时间,我觉得你应该读读这本书。(委婉建议,不假定对方一定有时间) 过关练习 1.You had better have a talk with her ________ you can know what she thought of this thing. A.if B.as well as C.so that 2.The company will offer a 20% discount on all products ________ customers spend more than 500 yuan in a single purchase during the holiday promotion period. A.until B.if C.so that 3.Many people choose to ride bicycles to work ________ it may take longer than driving, because they want to reduce their carbon footprint and get some exercise. A.although B.if C.so that 4.“You can’t watch TV ________ you finish your homework and clean your room,” Mum said strictly, pointing to the messy table and unopened textbook on the desk. A.if B.so that C.until 5.Our family plans to leave for the airport early tomorrow morning ________ we can avoid the heavy traffic that usually occurs during rush hour on weekdays. A.so that B.although C.until 6.Let’s wait ________ the rain stops. A.so B.while C.until 7.You should control your anger ________ you say something hurtful. A.if B.although C.before 8.________ you spend more time studying, you will get better grades. A.If B.Although C.Until 9.You should eat healthy food ________ you can stay fit. A.so that B.although C.until 10.You won’t feel better ________ you talk about your problems. A.if B.until C.although 11.You can share your problems with someone you trust, ________ they might not have advice. A.if B.although C.until 12.You should take a break ________ you feel stressed. A.if B.although C.until 13.________ you apologize, the other person might not want to talk to you. A.If B.Although C.Unless 14.He wrote a letter to his parents ________ they could know his feelings. A.so that B.although C.until 15.You won’t understand ________ you put yourself in her shoes. A.if B.until C.although 16.________ you feel upset, you should talk to someone you trust. A.If B.Although C.Until 17.________ Mary is just a student in Grade Seven, she knows computer skills very well. A.If B.Although C.Unless 18.—Time to go home, Peter. —Wait a minute. I can’t go home ________ I finish cleaning the hallway. A.until B.since C.when 19.—When shall we start? —Let’s wait ________ the rain stops. A.if B.as C.until 20.They didn’t finish the hard work ________ three days before the great festival. A.although B.until C.unless 参考答案 1.C 【详解】句意:你最好和她谈谈,以便你能知道她对这件事的想法。 考查连词辨析。if如果;as well as以及;so that以便,为了。根据“You had better have a talk with her ... you can know what she thought of this thing.”可知,谈话的目的是为了知道她的想法,so that引导目的状语从句,符合语境。故选C。 2.B 【详解】句意:如果顾客单次消费超过500元,公司将对所有产品提供八折优惠。 考查连词辨析。until直到;if如果;so that以便。根据“customers spend more than 500 yuan in a single purchase”可知,这是公司提供折扣的条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 3.A 【详解】句意:很多人选择骑自行车上班,尽管这可能比开车花的时间更长,因为他们想减少碳足迹并锻炼身体。 考查连词辨析。although尽管,虽然;if如果;so that以便。前半句“选择骑自行车上班”和后半句“花费时间更长”存在转折让步关系,although用于引导让步状语从句。故选A。 4.C 【详解】句意:“你直到完成作业并打扫好房间才能看电视,”妈妈严厉地说,指着桌上乱糟糟的桌子和没打开的课本。 考查连词辨析。if如果;so that以便;until直到。句子使用了固定结构not ... until...,表示“直到……才……”,强调在完成作业和打扫房间之前不允许看电视。故选C。 5.A 【详解】句意:我们全家计划明天一早出发去机场,以便我们能避开工作日高峰时段通常出现的拥堵交通。 考查连词辨析。so that以便,为了;although虽然;until直到。根据“we can avoid the heavy traffic that usually occurs during rush hour on weekdays.”可知,早起出发的目的是避开早高峰,so that用来引导目的状语从句。故选A。 6.C 【详解】句意:让我们一直等到雨停。 so因此;while当……时候;until直到。根据句意可知,此处表示“等到雨停”,应填until。 7.C 【详解】句意:你应该在说出一些伤人的话之前控制住你的愤怒。 考查连词辨析。if如果;although尽管;before在……之前。根据“You should control your anger”可知,控制愤怒应在说出伤人的话之前发生,否则会造成伤害,因此选择表示时间先后的连词“before”。故选C。 8.A 【详解】句意:如果你花更多时间学习,你会取得更好的成绩。 考查连词辨析。If如果;Although尽管;Until直到。根据“…you spend more time studying, you will get better grades.”可知,前句“花更多时间学习”是后句“取得更好成绩”的条件,应使用表示条件关系的连词“If”。故选A。 9.A 【详解】句意:你应该吃健康的食物,以便你能保持健康。 考查连词辨析。so that以便;although尽管;until直到。根据“you can stay fit”可知此处指“吃健康食物以保持健康”。故选A。 10.B 【详解】句意:直到你谈论你的问题,你才会感觉好一些。 考查连词辨析。if如果;until直到……为止;although尽管。根据句型“not…until…”,“直到……才……”,空格前有“won’t feel better”,构成“not…until…”结构。故选B。 11.B 【详解】句意:你可以和你信任的人分享你的问题,尽管他们可能没有建议。 考查连词辨析。if如果;although尽管;until直到。根据“You can share your problems with someone you trust...they might not have advice.”可知,此处为让步关系,表示“即使对方可能没有建议,你仍然可以分享问题”,因此应选用表示让步的连词although。故选B。 12.A 【详解】句意:当你感到有压力时,你应该休息一下。 考查连词辨析。if如果;although虽然;until直到。主句“You should take a break”,从句“you feel stressed”,休息的目的是应对“感到压力大”的情况,这是一种条件或原因的关系:当你感觉压力大时,就休息一下。应选用表示条件的连词“if”。故选A。 13.C 【详解】句意:除非你道歉,否则对方可能不想和你说话。 考查连词辨析。If如果;Although尽管;Unless除非。根据句意,后半句“might not want to talk to you”是负面结果,前半句“you apologize”是避免该结果的条件。“Unless”意为“除非”,引导条件状语从句,符合“除非……否则……”的逻辑。故选C。 14.A 【详解】句意:他给父母写了一封信,以便他们能了解他的感受。 考查连词(短语)辨析。so that以便,为了;although尽管;until直到。根据句意,写信的目的是“让父母了解他的感受”,“so that”引导目的状语从句。故选A。 15.B 【详解】句意:直到你设身处地为她着想(站在她的立场上),你才会理解。 考查连词辨析。if如果;until直到……才;although尽管。根据句意“You won’t understand...you put yourself in her shoes.”可知,主句为否定句(won’t understand),从句表示“直到……才”的含义,符合“not...until...”的固定句型结构。故选B。 16.A 【详解】句意:如果你感到难过,你应该和你信任的人谈谈。 考查连词辨析。If如果;Although尽管;Until直到。根据句意,前半句“you feel upse”是后半句“you should talk to someone you trust.”的条件,应使用表示条件的连词“If”。故选A。 17.B 【详解】句意:虽然玛丽只是一名七年级的学生,但她电脑技能很好。 考查连词辨析。If如果;Although虽然;Unless除非。根据“Mary is just a student in Grade Seven”和“she knows computer skills very well”可知,前后是转折关系,用Although引导让步状语从句。故选B。 18.A 【详解】句意:——该回家了,彼得。——等一下。我要打扫完走廊才能回家。 考查连词辨析。until直到……为止;since自从;when当……时候。根据“can’t go home ... I finish cleaning”可知,是“直到打扫完才回家”,用until引导时间状语从句,符合“not ... until ...”结构。故选A。 19.C 【详解】句意:——我们什么时候开始?——让我们等到雨停。 考查连词辨析。if如果;as当……的时候;until直到……为止。根据“wait”可知,是“等到雨停”,用until引导时间状语从句。故选C。 20.B 【详解】句意:他们直到盛大的节日之前三天才完成这项艰苦的工作。 考查连词辨析。although虽然(表示让步);until直到(表示时间,常与not连用);unless除非(表示条件)。根据句子结构“They didn’t finish ...”,这是一个否定句,常与until搭配构成“not ... until”结构,意为“直到……才”,强调动作在盛大的节日之前三天才完成。故选B。 形容词 / 副词的原级、比较级和最高级 1.形容词和副词的原级的用法 用  法 举  例 表示“A与B在某方面程度一样”: A …+as+原级+as+B My mother hopes I can be as hard-working as Mary.  我妈妈希望我能像玛丽一样勤奋。 表示“A在某方面程度不及B”: A …+not+as/so+原级+as+B My father doesn't drive as/so carefully as my mother. 我爸爸开车没有我妈妈那么小心。  表示“A是B的几倍”: A …+倍数+as+原级+as+B  This room is three times as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的3倍大。 2. 形容词和副词的比较级的用法 用  法 举  例 用于两者之间的比较。标志词:than,A or B等,或者语境中暗示两者比较  He is stronger than me. 他比我强壮。 “比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数=比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数”表示“比同一范围的任何人或物更……”,有最高级的含义 Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.=Lucy is taller than the other students in her class.露西比她班上的其他任何一个学生都高。(露西和自己班上的同学比较) “the+比较级, the+比较级”表示 “越……,越……”  The more he reads, the better he likes reading. 书读得越多,他越热爱阅读。 “比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+多音节形容词 / 副词”表示 “越来越……” He is taller and taller. 他越来越高了。As time went on, he grew more and more impatient. 时间长了,他越来越没有耐心。 形容词、副词的比较级前可以用这些词修饰: much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far, any等 He is much/a lot taller than before. 他比以前高多了。 3. 形容词和副词的最高级的用法 用  法 举  例 用于三者或三者以上的比较。标志词:A, B or C; in / of / among …;或者语境中暗示多者比较(形容词最高级前没有限定词修饰时要用the, 副词最高级前可以省略the) 【注意】最高级所带的比较范围:如果范围与主语同类则用of或among,如果不同类则用in Which do you think is the most difficult, English, Chinese or maths?英语、语文与数学,你认为哪一科最难? Mike studies hardest of / among the students.迈克是这些学生中学习最勤奋的。(迈克也是学生) Mike studies hardest in the class. 迈克是这个班上学习最勤奋的。(迈克不是班级) “one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示 “最……之一” He is one of the most popular singers in the world. 他是世界上最受欢迎的歌手之一。 “the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数”表示“第几……” China is the third largest country in the world in size.中国是世界上面积第三大的国家。 “Which / Who+be+the+最高级,A, B or C?”或“特殊疑问句+最高级,A, B or C?”表示对三者或三者以上的选择询问 Who is the tallest boy, Tom, Mike or John?谁是最高的男孩,汤姆、迈克还是约翰? Which do you like best, coffee, tea or juice?你最喜欢哪一种,咖啡、茶还是果汁? 过关练习 1.The Yangtze River travels the __________ in China. A.far B.farther C.farthest 2.The Huangguoshu Waterfall is one of the most beautiful ________ in China. A.wonder B.wonders C.wonderful 3.—Uncle Wang, could you tell me the secret of your good health? —In my view, ________ vegetables and ________ meat. A.more; less B.fewer; more C.more; fewer 4.Some blind animals can “see” as __________ as others. A.good B.better C.well 5.It was the scariest but also the __________ experience of our trip. A.amazing B.more amazing C.most amazing 6.It went on for as __________ as the eye could see. A.far B.farther C.farthest 7.The noise of the water slowly grew __________ and louder. A.loud B.louder C.loudest 8.Visiting one of the world’s __________ waterfalls was a magical experience. A.large B.larger C.largest 9.Mount Qomolangma is still growing __________. A.tall B.taller C.tallest 10.The Mariana Trench is about 11,000 metres ________. A.deep B.deeper C.deepest 11.What is __________ biggest desert in the world? A.a B.an C.the 12.—Are you feeling better today? —No, even ________ than yesterday. I need to see a doctor now. A.bad B.worse C.worst 13.—Uncle Wang, could you tell me the secret of your good health? —In my view, ________ vegetables and ________ meat. A.less; more B.more; fewer C.more; less 14.—Is your sister as ________ as you? —No, she isn’t. She is ________ than me. A.hard-working; hard-working B.hard-working; more hard-working C.more hard-working; hard-working 15.The white coat is as ________ as the blue one. A.cheaper B.cheap C.cheapest 16.—Mom, I like math, but I don’t like English. —I think math is ________ important ________ English. You should learn both of them well. A.less; than B.as; as C.more; than 17.The doctor gave Mark some medicine, and he felt much ________ soon. A.good B.better C.well 18.AI technology in China develops ________ than anyone expects. A.fast B.faster C.fastest 19.Jimmy is very helpful. ________ I stay with him, ________ I like him. A.The longer; the most B.The longest; the most C.The longer; the more 20.The songs are getting ________. A.more and more popular B.more popular and more C.more popular and more popular 21.—China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world. —Yes. It has a ________ history than Japan. A.older; longer B.the oldest; the longest C.the oldest; longer 22.Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest _________ of the world. A.wonder B.wonders C.wonderful 23.—As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous. —Yes. He is ________ person I know. A.the most serious B.the funniest C.more serious 24.It’s one of ________ things in the world to stay with family members. A.happy B.happier C.the happiest 25.He drives ________ than I do. A.more careful B.more carefully C.most carefully 26.Steve asked the taxi driver to drive a little ________ because there was not enough time. A.faster B.fast C.more fast 27.Xia Feng checks the windows ________ of all the family members. A.the most careful B.the most carefully C.more carefully 28.—Our class sang ________in the singing competition last month and got the highest points. —How wonderful! A.more beautiful B.more beautifully C.most beautifully 29.—Who got the first place in the handwriting competition in your school? —Nancy. She wrote the ________ of all the students in our school. A.worst B.best C.better 30.—Who arrives at school ________ in your class every day? —Lily. She is always the first one to come to school. A. earliest B.earlier C.Early 参考答案 1.C 【详解】句意:长江在中国流经的距离最远。 考查形容词最高级。根据“in China”这一范围提示,此处表示在中国范围内进行比较,应使用最高级形式,farthest符合。故选C。 2.B 【详解】句意:黄果树瀑布是中国最美丽的奇迹之一。 wonder奇迹,可数名词单数;wonders奇迹,可数名词复数;wonderful美妙的,是形容词。根据“one of the most beautiful...”可知,此处考查“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,表示“最……的……之一”,应填wonders。 3.A 【详解】句意:——王叔叔,您能告诉我您身体健康的秘诀吗?——在我看来,就是多吃蔬菜,少吃肉。 考查形容词比较级。 根据“... could you tell me the secret of your good health?”可知,此处应是表达健康的饮食,所以应该是“更多的蔬菜和更少的肉类”,其中vegetables是复数名词,meat是不可数名词,所以用less,而fewer只能加复数名词。故选A。 4.C 【详解】句意:一些盲眼动物能“看”得和其他动物一样好。 good好的,形容词;better更好的,比较级;well好地,副词。句中“see”是动词,需用副词修饰,且“as...as”结构中间用形容词或副词的原级。因此应选副词well。故选C。 5.C 【详解】句意:这是我们旅途中最可怕但也最令人惊叹的经历。 考查形容词最高级。amazing令人惊叹的;more amazing更令人惊叹的;most amazing最令人惊叹的。根据“the scariest”以及“of our trip”可知,此处表示最高级的含义,用最高级形式,C项符合。故选C。 6.A 【详解】句意:它一直延伸到眼睛所能看到的最远的地方。 考查as...as...同级比较结构。far远,原级;farther更远,比较级;farthest最远,最高级。在as...as...结构中,中间应使用形容词或副词的原级,表示“和……一样……”,因此需用原级far。故选A。 7.B 【详解】句意:水声逐渐变得越来越响了。 考查形容词比较级。loud响的,原级;louder更响的,比较级;loudest,最响的,最高级。句中“and louder”提示前面也使用比较级形式,构成并列比较级结构“grew louder and louder”,表示“变得越来越响”。故选B。 8.C 【详解】句意:参观世界上最大的瀑布之一是一次奇妙的经历。 考查形容词最高级。此句为“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”“最……的……之一”结构,空处填形容词最高级的largest。故选C。 9.B 【详解】句意:珠穆朗玛峰仍在长高。 考查形容词比较级用法。tall高的,原级;taller更高的,比较级;tallest最高的,最高级。根据句意“仍在长高”可知,此处强调与自身过去相比“越来越高”,使用比较级。故选B。 10.A 【详解】句意:马里亚纳海沟大约有11, 000米深。 考查形容词原级用法。deep深的,原级;deeper更深的,比较级;deepest最深的,最高级。句中“about 11,000 metres...”表示具体的深度数值,用于修饰形容词原级,构成“数词 + 单位 + 形容词原级”结构,表示“……有多深/高/长”等。故选A。 11.C 【详解】句意:世界上最大的沙漠是什么? 考查冠词用法。a一个,表示泛指,用于辅音音素开头的词前;an一个,表示泛指,用于元音音素开头的词前;the这个、那个,表示特指。biggest是形容词最高级形式,且此处表示世界上独一无二的事物,所以空格处需用定冠词the。故选C。 12.B 【详解】句意:——你今天感觉好些了吗?——不,甚至比昨天更糟。我现在需要去看医生。 考查形容词比较级。bad坏的,原级;worse更糟的,比较级;worst最糟的,最高级。根据回答中“than yesterday”可知,此处是与昨天比较,需用比较级形式。故选B。 13.C 【详解】句意:——王叔叔,您能告诉我您身体健康的秘诀吗?——在我看来,多吃蔬菜,少吃肉。 考查形容词比较级辨析。less更少的(修饰不可数名词);more更多的(修饰可数名词复数形式或不可数名词);fewer更少的(修饰可数名词复数形式)。根据“vegetables”(可数名词复数)和“meat”(不可数名词),结合健康常识,应是“更多蔬菜,更少肉”。故选C。 14.B 【详解】句意:——你妹妹和你一样勤奋吗?——不,她不是。她比我更勤奋。 考查形容词原级和比较级的用法。hard-working勤奋的,原级;more hard-working更勤奋的,比较级。根据“as ... as”可知,第一空需用原级;根据“than”可知,第二空需用比较级。故选B。 15.B 【详解】句意:白色的外套和蓝色的外套一样便宜。 考查形容词比较级的用法。cheaper更便宜的,形容词比较级;cheap便宜的,形容词原级;cheapest最便宜的,形容词最高级。根据“The white coat is as...as the blue one.”可知,句中“as+形容词/副词原级+as…”,意为“和……一样……”,此处应用形容词cheap的原级与之搭配,强调两者价格相同。故选B。 16.B 【详解】句意:——妈妈,我喜欢数学,但我不喜欢英语。——我认为数学和英语一样重要。你应该把这两门都学好。 考查形容词的同级比较和比较级的用法辨析。less; than比……少;as; as和……一样;more; than比……多。根据“You should learn both of them well.”可知,此处表示两者一样重要。故选B。 17.B 【详解】句意:医生给马克开了一些药,他很快感觉好多了。 good好的(原级);better更好(比较级);well健康的(原级)。根据“medicine…he felt much”可知,此处表示吃药后身体状况比之前有所好转。副词much常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,用于加强程度。felt better意为“感觉身体好一些了”,符合语境逻辑。 18.B 【详解】句意:中国的AI技术发展得比任何人预料的都要快。 考查副词比较级。fast快,原级;faster更快,比较级;fastest最快,最高级。根据“than”可知,此处使用比较级形式faster。故选B。 19.C 【详解】句意:吉米非常乐于助人。我和他待得越久,就越喜欢他。 考察形容词。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。选项C“the longer; the more”符合“越……,越……”的搭配。故选C。 20.A 【详解】句意:这些歌曲正变得越来越受欢迎。 考查形容词比较级结构。根据“The songs are getting...”可知,此处表示“越来越受欢迎”,popular是多音节形容词,应用“more and more popular”。故选A。 21.C 【详解】句意:——中国有5000多年历史。它是世界上最古老的国家之一。——是的。它比日本的历史更悠久。 考查比较级和最高级。根据“—China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of...countries in the world. —Yes. It has a...history than Japan.”可知,“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的之一”,此处指“最古老的国家之一”,故用the oldest。第二空由than可知,此处是中国与日本比较,应用比较级longer。故选C。 22.B 【详解】句意:珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。 考查名词单复数。wonder奇迹,名词单数;wonders奇迹,名词复数;wonderful奇妙的,形容词。句中“one of the greatest...”表示“最伟大的……之一”,其后应接可数名词复数形式,表示“众多奇迹中的一个”。故选B。 23.B 【详解】句意:——据我所知,你的朋友杰夫很幽默。——是的,他是我认识的最有趣的人。 考查形容词最高级。the most serious最严肃的;the funniest最有趣的;more serious更严肃的。 根据前句中的“humorous”,以及“I know”这一范围,可知此处要用形容词最高级来表达“最有趣的”,the funniest与humorous语义呼应,符合语境。故选B。 24.C 【详解】句意:与家人待在一起是世界上最幸福的事情之一。 考查形容词最高级。happy幸福的(原级);happier更幸福的(比较级);the happiest最幸福的(最高级)。 根据固定结构one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数“…… 中最……之一”,可知此处需用形容词的最高级形式,且最高级前通常要加定冠词the。故选C。 25.B 【详解】句意:他开车比我更谨慎。 考查副词比较级。句中有“than”,需用比较级修饰动词“drives”,因此用副词比较级“more carefully”。故选B。 26.A 【详解】句意:Steve让出租车司机开得稍微更快一点,因为时间不够了。 考查副词的比较级。faster更快,比较级形式;fast快,原级形式;more fast,形式错误。根据“a little…because there was not enough time”可知,此处需用比较级,表示稍微更快一点,因为时间不够了,fast的比较级是在词尾加-er。故选A。 27.B 【详解】句意:在所有家庭成员中,夏风检查窗户最仔细。 考查副词最高级。the most careful最仔细的(形容词最高级); the most carefully最仔细地(副词最高级); more carefully更仔细地(副词比较级)。修饰动词checks需用副词,careful是形容词,排除A;of all the family members表示在三者及以上范围中比较,要用最高级the most carefully,选项C是比较级,不符合语境。故选B。 28.C 【详解】句意:——我们班在上个月的歌唱比赛中唱得最动听,获得了最高分。——太棒了! 考查副词最高级。more beautiful更美丽的,比较级;more beautifully更动听地,比较级;most beautifully最动听地,最高级。根据“got the highest points”可知,这里需要用最高级形式表示“唱得最好”,故选C。 29.B 【详解】句意:——你们学校的书法比赛谁得了第一名?——南希。她写得是我们学校所有学生中最好的。 考查副词最高级及词义辨析。worst最差地;best最好地;better更好地。根据“the first place”可知,此处是说写得最好地;“of all the students”表示在全校的学生进行比较,要用副词的最高级。故选B。 30.A 【详解】句意:——你们班谁每天最早到校?——莉莉。她总是第一个来学校的。 考查副词最高级。根据“in your class”以及“She is always the first one to come to school.”可知,此处询问班上谁每天最早到校,A项符合。故选A。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年八年级英语下册期中专项复习(人教版2024) 专项02语法精讲 动词不定式 (1)常接动词不定式作宾语的动词如下: want to do sth想要做某事 plan to do sth计划做某事 refuse to do sth拒绝做某事 expect to do sth期望做某事 decide to do sth决定做某事 offer to do sth主动提出做某事 learn to do sth学习做某事 hope to do sth希望做某事 afford to do sth承担得起做某事 agree to do sth同意做某事 prepare to do sth准备做某事 promise to do sth承诺做某事 choose to do sth选择做某事 help(to)do sth帮忙做某事 would like to do sth想要做某事 (2)find,think,make等词后面跟动词不定式时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(即动词不定式)后置。如: I find it difficult to learn a language well. 我发现学好一门语言很难。 (3)动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等疑问词连用,构成“疑问词+动词不定式”,在句中可充当宾语。如: Can you teach me how to play the piano?你能教我怎样弹钢琴吗? 【注意】有些动词既可接动词不定式,也可以接动名词,但意义却不同。如: try to do sth 努力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 forget to do sth 忘记要做某事(还没做) forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做) remember to do sth 记得要做某事(还没做) remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做) stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词如下: allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 ask sb to do sth让某人做某事 teach sb to do sth教某人做某事 wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 expect sb to do sth盼望某人做某事 tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事 advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事 remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事 help sb(to)do sth帮助某人做某事 【拓展】常见的使役动词make,let,have及感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,to 需省略。如: The teacher made him stand in the corner. 老师让他站在角落里。 My parents let me watch TV for an hour every day.我父母让我每天看一小时电视。 I often see them play football on the playground. 我经常看到他们在操场踢足球。 4. 动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语时,可放在句首或句尾,位于句首时常用逗号隔开。如: To learn more about history, he reads many books. 为了了解更多历史,他读了很多书。 过关练习 1.________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke the door down. A.Reach B.To reach C.Reaching 2.I told him ________ so much noise in the library. A.not make B.don’t make C.not to make 3.Try ________ the mistakes in your composition next time. A.avoid B.avoiding C.to avoid 4.—What do you do in your free time? —I play the flute ________. A.relaxing B.to relax C.relaxes 5.It’s easy. Let me ________. A.clear the air B.give it a go C.on top of the world 6.My sister encouraged me ________ English as often as possible. And then my spoken English can be improved. A.speak B.to speak C.speaking 7.I don’t want ________ this job. It’s important to me. A.losing B.lose C.to lose 8.WeChat and Facebook make it easier ________ to each other. A.talk B.to talk C.talking 9.We try what we can ________ homeless (无家可归的) children. A.to help B.helped C.helps 10.—What beautiful flowers! I can’t decide ________ for my mother. —For Mother’s Day, it can’t be better to take some carnations (康乃馨). A.when to choose B.how to choose C.which to choose 11.Most experts think it is very important for children to learn ________ the housework. A.how do B.what to do C.how to do 12.The teacher asked us ________ the question in groups. A.discuss B.to discuss C.discussing 13.He decided ________ part in the volunteer activity. A.take B.taking C.to take 14.It’s necessary ________ us ________ exercise every day. A.for; to do B.of; to do C.for; doing 15.Let’s ________ a walk after dinner. It’s good for our health. A.take B.to take C.taking 16.The funny story made all of us ________ loudly. A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing 17.Sally was very excited, because she happened ________ one of her old friends ten years later. A.to meet B.meeting C.met 18.—I’d love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework ________. —If you don’t go, nor will I. A.to do B.to doing C.doing 19.We work very hard ________ this task ahead of time (提前). A.finishing B.to finish C.finishes 20.—What did the teacher say just now? —He told us ________ in the river. A.not swim B.swimming C.not to swim could, should提建议 could, should后接动词原形,都可用来提建议,但侧重点不同。could比can语气更委婉,用来表示委婉、客气地陈述看法和建议,向对方提供一个可供选择的内容,意为“可以……;不妨……”;should表示义务和责任,说话者语气较肯定,表示“按照常理该怎么样”,意为“应该;应当”。如: You could use word cards to remember new words. 你可以用单词卡记单词。(一个可供选择的方法) You should listen to the teacher carefully in class. 你上课应该认真听老师讲课。(应该要做的) 2. 其他用于提建议的句型 (1)What about doing sth?=How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? (2)Why don't you do sth?=Why not do sth? 你为什么不做某事呢? (3)Let's do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。 (4)Shall we do sth?我们做某事,好吗? (5)You'd better(not) do sth. 你最好(不)做某事。 (6)Would you like to do sth? 你想要做某事吗? 他们的答语可以是: ★同意对方的建议时,一般用: (1)Good idea. / That's a good idea. 好主意。 (2)OK. / All right. / Great. 好。 (3)Yes, please. / I'd love to. 好的。 / 我愿意。 (4)I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 (5)No problem. 没问题。 (6)Sure. / Of course. / Certainly. 当然可以。 (7)Yes, I think so. 对,我也这样想。 ★委婉谢绝对方的建议时,一般用: (1)I don't think so. 我认为不是这样的。 (2)Sorry, I can't. 对不起,我不能。 (3)I'd love to, but … 我愿意,但…… (4)I'm afraid … 我恐怕…… 反身代词 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单 数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves 【 总 结 】第一、二人称的反身代词是在形容词性物主代词的基础上加-self/-selves,第三人称的反身代词是在人称代词的宾格的基础上加-self/-selves 【拓展】1. 反身代词可以在句中作同位语、宾语和表语 (1)作同位语,加强语气,用于被修饰的名词或代词后。如: The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 (2)作宾语,用于动词或介词之后,主语和宾语指同一个或一些人。如: You should take good care of yourself. 你应该照顾好你自己。 (3)作表语,用于系动词之后。如: The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。 2. 与反身代词相关的常见短语 by oneself 独自;单独 teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得开心;过得愉快 help oneself to … 随便吃…… lose oneself 迷失;迷路 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 hurt oneself 伤害自己 kill oneself 自杀 过关练习 1.—________ I borrow your dictionary to look up a health-related word? —Sure, here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May 2.You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health. A.should B.shouldn’t C.needn’t 3.—I’m feeling very tired today. —You ________ go to bed earlier tonight. A.shouldn’t B.must C.could 4.You ________ speak loudly in the library. It’s impolite. A.should B.shouldn’t C.could 5.We ________ take an umbrella. The weather forecast says it might rain. A.should B.shouldn’t C.can’t 6.She ________ swim when she was five years old. She was very talented. A.should B.shouldn’t C.could 7.—The box is too heavy for me. —You ________ ask Tom for help. A.may B.should C.could 8.Jim ________ recite (背诵) more than 100 poems at the age of three. A.can B.should C.could 9.As students, we all ________ follow the school rules. A.could B.should C.would 10.—Can your little sister dress _______? —No, she’s only three years old. A.herself B.himself C.yourself 11.As the art festival is coming, we are preparing everything by ________. A.yourselves B.themselves C.ourselves 12.These two children enjoyed ________ on the farm. A.himself B.themselves C.itself 13.I fell off the bike and hurt ________. A.me B.my C.myself 14.—Who taught ________ English, kids? —Nobody. We just learned it ________. A.your; by ourselves B.you; for ourselves C.you; by ourselves 15.—Did you hurt ________ while ________ soccer? —No, I didn’t. A.you, playing B.yourself, play C.yourself, playing although, until, so that与 if 的用法 从属连词 含义及用法 举  例 although 引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管;即使”,不能与but连用,但是可以和still, yet等词连用 Although he was tired, he still went on working. 虽然他很疲惫,但是他仍然继续工作。 until 引导时间状语从句,用于肯定句时,意为“到……时;直到……为止”,主句的谓语动词用延续性动词;用于否定句时,构成“not … until …”结构,意为“直到……才……”,主句的谓语动词一般用非延续性动词 I will stay here until you come back. 我会一直在这等到你回来。(stay为延续性动词) He didn't leave the office until he finished his work. 直到完成工作,他才离开了办公室。(leave为非延续性动词) so that 引导目的状语从句,意为“为了;因此”,从句中常使用can, could, may, might, will等情态动词 They got up early so that they could catch the early bus. 他们早早起床,为了能够赶上早班车。 if 引导条件状语从句,意为“如果;假如”。当if引导真实条件句时,有以下几种句子结构:(1)当主句是一般将来时,if从句的谓语动词用一般现在时(2)当主句是祈使句时,if从句的谓语动词用一般现在时(3)当主句含有情态动词时,if从句的谓语动词通常用一般现在时 【注意】当主句含有情态动词用于提建议时,if从句的谓语动词也可使用一般过去时,用来使语气更委婉、客气、不具强制性 If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 如果你努力学习,你就会通过考试。 Please call me if you need any help. 如果你需要任何帮助,请打电话给我。 If you finish your work early, you can leave. 如果你提前完成工作,你就可以离开。 If you had time, I think you should read this book. 如果你有时间,我觉得你应该读读这本书。(委婉建议,不假定对方一定有时间) 过关练习 1.You had better have a talk with her ________ you can know what she thought of this thing. A.if B.as well as C.so that 2.The company will offer a 20% discount on all products ________ customers spend more than 500 yuan in a single purchase during the holiday promotion period. A.until B.if C.so that 3.Many people choose to ride bicycles to work ________ it may take longer than driving, because they want to reduce their carbon footprint and get some exercise. A.although B.if C.so that 4.“You can’t watch TV ________ you finish your homework and clean your room,” Mum said strictly, pointing to the messy table and unopened textbook on the desk. A.if B.so that C.until 5.Our family plans to leave for the airport early tomorrow morning ________ we can avoid the heavy traffic that usually occurs during rush hour on weekdays. A.so that B.although C.until 6.Let’s wait ________ the rain stops. A.so B.while C.until 7.You should control your anger ________ you say something hurtful. A.if B.although C.before 8.________ you spend more time studying, you will get better grades. A.If B.Although C.Until 9.You should eat healthy food ________ you can stay fit. A.so that B.although C.until 10.You won’t feel better ________ you talk about your problems. A.if B.until C.although 11.You can share your problems with someone you trust, ________ they might not have advice. A.if B.although C.until 12.You should take a break ________ you feel stressed. A.if B.although C.until 13.________ you apologize, the other person might not want to talk to you. A.If B.Although C.Unless 14.He wrote a letter to his parents ________ they could know his feelings. A.so that B.although C.until 15.You won’t understand ________ you put yourself in her shoes. A.if B.until C.although 16.________ you feel upset, you should talk to someone you trust. A.If B.Although C.Until 17.________ Mary is just a student in Grade Seven, she knows computer skills very well. A.If B.Although C.Unless 18.—Time to go home, Peter. —Wait a minute. I can’t go home ________ I finish cleaning the hallway. A.until B.since C.when 19.—When shall we start? —Let’s wait ________ the rain stops. A.if B.as C.until 20.They didn’t finish the hard work ________ three days before the great festival. A.although B.until C.unless 形容词 / 副词的原级、比较级和最高级 1.形容词和副词的原级的用法 用  法 举  例 表示“A与B在某方面程度一样”: A …+as+原级+as+B My mother hopes I can be as hard-working as Mary.  我妈妈希望我能像玛丽一样勤奋。 表示“A在某方面程度不及B”: A …+not+as/so+原级+as+B My father doesn't drive as/so carefully as my mother. 我爸爸开车没有我妈妈那么小心。  表示“A是B的几倍”: A …+倍数+as+原级+as+B  This room is three times as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的3倍大。 2. 形容词和副词的比较级的用法 用  法 举  例 用于两者之间的比较。标志词:than,A or B等,或者语境中暗示两者比较  He is stronger than me. 他比我强壮。 “比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数=比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数”表示“比同一范围的任何人或物更……”,有最高级的含义 Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.=Lucy is taller than the other students in her class.露西比她班上的其他任何一个学生都高。(露西和自己班上的同学比较) “the+比较级, the+比较级”表示 “越……,越……”  The more he reads, the better he likes reading. 书读得越多,他越热爱阅读。 “比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+多音节形容词 / 副词”表示 “越来越……” He is taller and taller. 他越来越高了。As time went on, he grew more and more impatient. 时间长了,他越来越没有耐心。 形容词、副词的比较级前可以用这些词修饰: much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far, any等 He is much/a lot taller than before. 他比以前高多了。 3. 形容词和副词的最高级的用法 用  法 举  例 用于三者或三者以上的比较。标志词:A, B or C; in / of / among …;或者语境中暗示多者比较(形容词最高级前没有限定词修饰时要用the, 副词最高级前可以省略the) 【注意】最高级所带的比较范围:如果范围与主语同类则用of或among,如果不同类则用in Which do you think is the most difficult, English, Chinese or maths?英语、语文与数学,你认为哪一科最难? Mike studies hardest of / among the students.迈克是这些学生中学习最勤奋的。(迈克也是学生) Mike studies hardest in the class. 迈克是这个班上学习最勤奋的。(迈克不是班级) “one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示 “最……之一” He is one of the most popular singers in the world. 他是世界上最受欢迎的歌手之一。 “the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数”表示“第几……” China is the third largest country in the world in size.中国是世界上面积第三大的国家。 “Which / Who+be+the+最高级,A, B or C?”或“特殊疑问句+最高级,A, B or C?”表示对三者或三者以上的选择询问 Who is the tallest boy, Tom, Mike or John?谁是最高的男孩,汤姆、迈克还是约翰? Which do you like best, coffee, tea or juice?你最喜欢哪一种,咖啡、茶还是果汁? 过关练习 1.The Yangtze River travels the __________ in China. A.far B.farther C.farthest 2.The Huangguoshu Waterfall is one of the most beautiful ________ in China. A.wonder B.wonders C.wonderful 3.—Uncle Wang, could you tell me the secret of your good health? —In my view, ________ vegetables and ________ meat. A.more; less B.fewer; more C.more; fewer 4.Some blind animals can “see” as __________ as others. A.good B.better C.well 5.It was the scariest but also the __________ experience of our trip. A.amazing B.more amazing C.most amazing 6.It went on for as __________ as the eye could see. A.far B.farther C.farthest 7.The noise of the water slowly grew __________ and louder. A.loud B.louder C.loudest 8.Visiting one of the world’s __________ waterfalls was a magical experience. A.large B.larger C.largest 9.Mount Qomolangma is still growing __________. A.tall B.taller C.tallest 10.The Mariana Trench is about 11,000 metres ________. A.deep B.deeper C.deepest 11.What is __________ biggest desert in the world? A.a B.an C.the 12.—Are you feeling better today? —No, even ________ than yesterday. I need to see a doctor now. A.bad B.worse C.worst 13.—Uncle Wang, could you tell me the secret of your good health? —In my view, ________ vegetables and ________ meat. A.less; more B.more; fewer C.more; less 14.—Is your sister as ________ as you? —No, she isn’t. She is ________ than me. A.hard-working; hard-working B.hard-working; more hard-working C.more hard-working; hard-working 15.The white coat is as ________ as the blue one. A.cheaper B.cheap C.cheapest 16.—Mom, I like math, but I don’t like English. —I think math is ________ important ________ English. You should learn both of them well. A.less; than B.as; as C.more; than 17.The doctor gave Mark some medicine, and he felt much ________ soon. A.good B.better C.well 18.AI technology in China develops ________ than anyone expects. A.fast B.faster C.fastest 19.Jimmy is very helpful. ________ I stay with him, ________ I like him. A.The longer; the most B.The longest; the most C.The longer; the more 20.The songs are getting ________. A.more and more popular B.more popular and more C.more popular and more popular 21.—China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world. —Yes. It has a ________ history than Japan. A.older; longer B.the oldest; the longest C.the oldest; longer 22.Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest _________ of the world. A.wonder B.wonders C.wonderful 23.—As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous. —Yes. He is ________ person I know. A.the most serious B.the funniest C.more serious 24.It’s one of ________ things in the world to stay with family members. A.happy B.happier C.the happiest 25.He drives ________ than I do. A.more careful B.more carefully C.most carefully 26.Steve asked the taxi driver to drive a little ________ because there was not enough time. A.faster B.fast C.more fast 27.Xia Feng checks the windows ________ of all the family members. A.the most careful B.the most carefully C.more carefully 28.—Our class sang ________in the singing competition last month and got the highest points. —How wonderful! A.more beautiful B.more beautifully C.most beautifully 29.—Who got the first place in the handwriting competition in your school? —Nancy. She wrote the ________ of all the students in our school. A.worst B.best C.better 30.—Who arrives at school ________ in your class every day? —Lily. She is always the first one to come to school. A. earliest B.earlier C.Early 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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