UNIT 10 Section Ⅳ LESSON 2 COMMUNITY SPIRIT(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

本高中英语讲义以“社区精神”为核心主题，构建“词汇铺垫—听力理解—语言应用—综合拓展”的学习支架。课前清障模块梳理“be involved in”“protect...from...”等14个核心短语，听力提能部分通过Roseto社区健康研究、Linda与母亲的对话等真实语料训练信息获取与细节填空能力，后续词汇讲解（如additionally, consequence）结合教材原句与高考真题深化语言知识，配套练习题从品句填词、词形转换等维度强化语言运用。 该资料特色鲜明，以真实社区案例为载体提升语言能力，如听力材料围绕Roseto社区低心脏病发病率原因探究，培养学生信息提取与逻辑分析的思维品质。词汇教学采用“原句+用法+练透+写美”模式，结合申请信、人物描写等语境提升语言应用能力。课中助力教师通过分层听力任务夯实基础，课后练习题（如阅读理解、七选五）覆盖不同技能维度，帮助学生查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

Section Ⅳ　LESSON 2　COMMUNITY SPIRIT 听说课前清障 1.参加；参与　　　　 　　be involved in　 2.以……为基础 　be based on　 3.保护……免受…… 　protect ...from ...　 4.与……亲密 　be close to　 5.对……友好 　be friendly to　 6.互相照顾 　look after each other　 7.传统的社会关系 　traditional social bonds　 8.由三代人组成 　consist of three generations　 9.保持传统的生活方式 　keep up the traditional lifestyle　 10.typical single-family houses　　　典型的独栋房屋　 11.the same as the average 　和平均值一样　 12.pay quite a few visits to a small town　对一个小镇进行多次访问　 13.die of old age rather than from illness　死于年老而不是死于疾病　 14.live in a closely-knit community 　生活在一个关系紧密的社区　 话题听力提能 Ⅰ.听教材听力10.3，回答第1至5题。 1.What is the primary focus of Dr.Smith’s research project in Roseto？（　　） A.The economic growth of the town. B.The crime rates in the community. C.The low incidence of heart attacks and its causes. 2.What was one of the unique features of the Roseto community in the 1950s？（　　） A.The community was highly competitive. B.The households mainly consisted of three generations. C.The community was infamous for its crime rates. 3.How did the lifestyle of younger Rosetans change in the 1960s？（　　） A.They moved to the city and started living in high-rise apartments. B.They moved to the outskirts of the town and lived in single-family houses. C.They started embracing traditional social bonds. 4.What impact did the lifestyle changes have on the Roseto community’s health？（　　） A.There was a decrease in the rate of heart attacks. B.The first heart attack in a Rosetan under 45 happened. C.There was no significant change in the rate of heart attacks. 5.How does the current rate of heart attacks in Roseto compare to the past？（　　） A.It remains significantly lower than the national average. B.It has surpassed the national average. C.It is the same as the national average. 答案：1－5　CBBBC Ⅱ.再听教材听力10.3，根据所听内容填空。 1.Good morning， Dr.Smith.Welcome to our programme.We noticed that you have 　paid quite a few visits to　 a small town called Roseto.We know that you 　are involved in　 a research project there.Would you please tell us 　more about it　？ 2.People were dying of 　old age　 rather than from illness.Additionally， there was 　very little crime.This was a 　very safe　 small town. 3.According to an earlier study about Roseto， researchers found that the reason for 　the low rate　 of Rosetans’ heart attacks was the 　community itself.Roseto was a very 　closely-knit　 community.People there 　looked after each other.They visited each other and 　frequently organised　 community celebrations. 4.Old people 　were respected.The social network they enjoyed protected them from 　the pressure　 of the modern world. Ⅲ.听教材听力10.4，回答第1至5题。 1.How does Linda perceive her mother’s hometown？（　　） A.She thinks it is smaller than expected. B.She feels it resembles a big city. C.She believes it is similar to her own town. 2.How were the living conditions in the town when Linda’s mother was young？（　　） A.They lived in flats with shared kitchens and toilets. B.They lived in houses with a few rooms and separate kitchens and toilets. C.They lived in houses with a couple of rooms and shared outdoor kitchens and toilets. 3.How was the relationship between the neighbours in the town during Linda’s mother’s childhood？（　　） A.They were friendly and considered each other like family. B.They were not very close and kept to themselves. C.They often had conflicts over the shared facilities. 4.What does Linda think about living in a closely-knit community？（　　） A.She thinks it’s inconvenient. B.She believes it’s great. C.She feels it’s too intrusive. 5.Who is visiting the grandpa this afternoon？（　　） A.His distant relatives. B.His old neighbours. C.His new friends from the town. 答案：1－5　BCABB Ⅳ.再听教材听力10.4，根据所听内容填空。 1.Well， it wasn’t like this when your mum was here.Our town was 　small then.There weren’t many 　tall buildings　. 2.No.It was 　a bit inconvenient　， but we 　didn’t feel that　 at that time.Actually， we 　were close to　 our neighbours. 3.Yes.Children played together 　after school　， and neighbours often 　visited each other.You know， some old neighbours are still 　 my best friends　， although we 　live far away　 now. 1.additionally adv.除此之外，此外 教材原句　Additionally， there was very little crime.此外，那里几乎没有犯罪。 【用法】 （1）addition n. 添加；[数]加法；增加物 in addition to＝besides/as well as 除……之外（还）（用作介词短语） in addition＝besides/apart from另外，除此之外（相当于副词） （2）additional adj. 附加的，额外的 （3）additive n. （尤指食品的）添加剂；添加物 【佳句】　I have a good command of English.Additionally， I have volunteer experience in assisting new students to adapt to their English classes.（申请信） 我精通英语。此外，我有帮助新同学适应英语课的志愿者经验。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①This system imposes 　additional　 （addition） financial burdens on many people. ②Some food contains more than one 　additive　 （add）. 【写美】　完成句子/词汇升级 ③Mother， 　in addition to doing　 those， also does some of the burden of men. 妈妈除了做那些外，还负担着一些男人做的事情。 ④Learning a second language improves cognitive flexibility. What’s more， it enhances your resume and career prospects. 　Additionally/In addition　 2.consequence n.后果；结果；影响 教材原句　Well，the consequences of the change followed quickly.哦，变化的后果随之而来。 【用法】 （1）as a consequence＝in consequence　　因此，结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 因为，由于 （2）consequently adv. 所以，因此 consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 【佳句】　①As a consequence of all his hard training， Paul was able to take the lead in the race. （人物描写） 由于他的刻苦训练，保罗能够在比赛中领先。 ②（2025·1月浙江卷）Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. 允许孩子吃他们想吃的东西也会让他们直面自己决定的后果。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①They had children and were 　consequently　 （consequent） tied to the school vacations. ②The 　consequences　 （consequence） will be very grave if nothing is done. 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ③　As a/In consequence of　 his hard work， he was eventually admitted to Peking University. 因为他的努力，他最终被北京大学录取。 ④昨天的比赛因下雨而被取消了。 →It rained yesterday， and 　as a consequence　， the match was cancelled. →The match was cancelled 　as a consequence of　 the rain yesterday. →It rained yesterday， and 　consequently　， the match was cancelled. 维度一：品句填词 1.As they approached the 　outskirts　 （郊区） of the city， Ella’s mood visibly lightened. 2.The town’s main 　features　 （特征） are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace. 3.He is 　respected　 （尊敬） as a very aggressive and competitive executive. 4.A growing number of households　 have at least one computer. 5.The agreement strengthened the bonds　 between the two countries. 维度二：词形转换 1.　Additionally　 （additional），it is vital for the waiters to use gestures when serving deaf-mute customers or those with hearing problems. 2.The law states that the more 　frequently　 （frequent） a word is used in any language，the shorter it tends to be. 3.She had noted down the names and she told me the story simply and 　factually　 （factual）. 4.An insecure computer system is an open door to 　criminals　 （crime）. 5.She was unable to attend because of the 　pressure　 （press） of work. 6.It’s 　traditional　 （tradition） in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day. 7.We have provided seats for the 　convenience　 （convenient） of our customers. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.He 　is still involved in voluntary work　 （依旧参加志愿者工作） to promote local products. 2.I have learned that the exhibition 　consists of　 （由……组成） dozens of masterpieces painted by Chinese famous artists. 3.They were caught in the rain and， 　as a consequence　 （结果）， they all caught colds. 4.I like reading and hiking.　In addition　 （此外）， I am a big fan of basketball. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·云南昆明检测） Share Your Story Engage and Inspire Travelers Around the World 　　Imagine your story inspiring travelers across the globe.By sharing your articles， photos， and videos， you’ll： 　　·Inspire Travelers — Your story could be the light that stirs up someone’s next great adventure. 　　·Travel for Good — Showcase how your business contributes to sustainable and responsible tourism. 　　·Promote Sustainable Travel — Together， we can build a better future for travel by highlighting eco-friendly， culturally aware adventures. 　　How to Tell Your Story 　　Each type of inspirational content plays a vital role in inspiring and guiding travelers. 　　·Photos 　　A picture is worth a thousand words， and travelers are drawn to visually wonderful images that catch the essence of a destination.Use existing photos or take fresh ones that showcase your unique experiences.Selected photos will also be featured in our consumer social media. 　　·Videos 　　Videos bring experiences to life， inspiring viewers by engaging them through sights and sounds.Already have a YouTube video？ Share it with us， and we’ll help expand its reach. 　　·Stories 　　Written content is powerful for connecting on a personal level and helps improve search engine rankings （SEO）， generating new leads for your business.Stories help travelers dream about travel， discover an off-the-beaten-path destination， or help them to plan and prepare for adventure. 　　How to Share Your Story 　　ATTA Members should log in with your membership account to this site to view the steps to share your story.Please click the Sign In button in the upper right to view the steps to share content.If you are logged in， you will see the sharing buttons below. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个鼓励人们分享旅行故事、照片和视频的平台。 1.What may NOT be shared according to the text？（　　） A.Songs. B.Photos. C.Videos. D.Articles. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的By sharing your articles， photos， and videos可知，可分享的内容有文章、照片和视频。并未提及歌曲。 2.What is special about written stories？（　　） A.They can make travelers experience different destinations in person. B.They can make travelers plan and prepare for adventure easily. C.They can help travelers communicate with each other effectively. D.They can help travelers know more about the sights and sounds. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据Stories部分第二句可知，书面故事能让旅行者轻松地为冒险做规划和准备。 3.Where is the text probably from？（　　） A.A business magazine. B.A travel guidebook. C.A story collection. D.A travel website. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据How to Share Your Story部分可知，文章介绍的分享旅行相关内容的活动是在网站上进行的。由此推断，本文可能来自一个旅游网站。 B 　　（2025·山东德州期中）Jane Seymour， co-founder of the Open Hearts Foundation， has always been inspired by her mother’s advice — that love has no boundaries and flows unconditionally.That advice originated from Jane’s mother’s experience as a survivor of World War Ⅱ.She survived three and a half horrific years by caring for soldiers who were far worse off than she was.Focusing her energy on serving others under the most difficult circumstances was the only way she survived. 　　Jane was greatly impacted by her mother’s story.When faced with her own personal challenges — losing her home and being nearly broke — Jane used her last bit of money to have an artist draw her children.At her home， the artist saw some of Jane’s paintings， and offered her free art lessons.It was then that she discovered her unique talent for art， which led to a series of positive influences in her life， including a new career， new passions， and the inspiration for the Open Hearts Value. 　　Every time Jane painted a heart， it was open， and when there were two or more， they were always connected.This distinctive image represents the Open Hearts Value， and was the beginning of her journey to encourage people to turn their personal challenges into an opportunity to help others. 　　When Signet Jewelers， the world’s largest retailer （零售商） of diamond jewelry， learned of this story， they approached her about creating a line of jewelry with the Open Hearts symbol.That business partnership sold billions of dollars of jewelry and started the charitable beginning of the Open Hearts Foundation.Jane’s vision was to create a foundation that encouraged people to help others and provided immediate funding to small， new charities that shared the same values. 　　What started as a cause marketing campaign has grown into a movement of like-minded people working together for the greater good.Over sixty charities have been supported by the Foundation and thousands of volunteers have been inspired to do what they can to help others through virtual and in-person volunteer experiences. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“敞开心扉基金会”创始人的个人经历以及基金会成立的背景知识。 4.What made Jane’s mother survive the World War Ⅱ？（　　） A.Her unconditional love to others. B.Support from the soldiers she helped. C.Her willpower and determination to win. D.Energy to face any strange circumstances. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句可知，对别人无条件的爱让简的母亲在二战中幸存下来。 5.Which image best suits the logo of the Open Hearts Foundation？（　　） 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，B项最适合“敞开心扉基金会”的标志。 6.What was the original intention of Signet Jewelers？（　　） A.To start small charities directly. B.To promote a new jewelry line. C.To set up a company with retailers. D.To share the same value with Jane. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，Signet Jewelers的初衷是推广一个新的珠宝系列。 7.Which best describes the Foundation according to the last paragraph？（　　） A.Struggling. B.Profitable. C.Fruitful. D.Disorganized. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，基金会富有成果。 B 　　（2025·无锡期中）I grew up in a 15-minute city.Or really， to be more precise， I grew up in a 15-minute neighborhood in a city that was packed with them.The New York essayist A.J.Liebling dismissed Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory， town main streets”.He didn’t realize it， but he was paying the city a compliment （赞美）.Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs — physical， social and spiritual — within the space of 15 minutes. 　　I can’t help finding it ironic （讽刺的） that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the sort of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought.But they are working hard at the task， and they are winning supporters. 　　The 15-minute-city movement was born， or I should say reborn， in Paris， where Mayor Anne Hidalgo built her successful 2020 reelection campaign on the 15-minute goal， and she has done quite a bit to foster （促进） it.Hidalgo is creating 900 miles of bike lanes in the city.She has banned car traffic from some of the pathways along the river Seine.She is changing schoolyards throughout the city into round-the-clock public playgrounds. 　　What exactly makes a 15-minute city， anyway？ And is it a new idea or just a slogan？ I’m in favor of this goal.But it may not be so simple.Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand （差事）.That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively （专门地） about walking， the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic.It will also be much more difficult to achieve， to say the least. 　　In fact， we have 15-minute cities right now — we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive.Of course， that’s precisely what we need to stop doing， for a variety of environmental and social reasons. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了15分钟的社区概念，并指出21世纪城市规划者正在试图设计这样的社区。 8.What was Chicago like in the 1950s？（　　） A.It had too large a population. B.It was famous for a neighborhood in it. C.It was the academic center of many essayists. D.It was full of well-functioned small communities. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句可推知，20世纪50年代的芝加哥到处都是运转良好的小社区。 9.What are urban planners devoted to doing now according to the author？（　　） A.Repurposing abandoned communities. B.Designing communities similar to those in the past. C.Collecting community designs from the public. D.Publicizing their ideas of community expansion. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，城市规划者现在致力于设计类似于过去的社区。 10.What does the author think of a 15-minute city？（　　） A.It will be hard to achieve. B.It is innovative and practical. C.It will be popular with Americans. D.It is based on a 5-or 10-minute city. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，作者认为一个15分钟的城市很难实现。 11.According to the author， which one is an important feature of a 15-minute city in the 21st century？（　　） A.Residents are encouraged to drive their own cars. B.Residents have a closer relationship with each other. C.It promotes a fast-paced lifestyle. D.It is friendly to the environment. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，21世纪的15分钟城市需要减少汽车使用。由此可推知，21世纪15分钟城市的特点是对环境友好。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·福建漳州期末）Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit： We cannot flower and grow without it.And yet， while most of us are only too ready to apply the cold wind of criticism to others， we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 　　12.（　　） Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully.Instead， we are embarrassed and shrug off the words we are really so glad to hear.Because of this defensive reaction， direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give.That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us indirectly. 　　It’s especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned.13.（　　） A cook is praised for a perfect meal.But do you ever tell your laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right？ Do you ever praise your paperboy for getting the paper to you on time 365 days a year？ 　　Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs： gas station attendants， waitresses — even housewives.14.（　　） Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives， surely she should get her measure. 　　15.（　　） It only takes a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort， perhaps a quick phone call to pass on a compliment， or five minutes to write an appreciative letter.It is such a small investment and yet consider the results it may produce.16.（　　） 　　So， let’s be alert to the small excellences around us and comment on them.We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives， but also， very often， add happiness into our own. A.We are accustomed to accepting praise. B.A student is ignored despite his good work. C.Shakespeare said， “Our praise is our wage.” D.To give praise costs the giver almost nothing. E.It’s strange how cautious we are about praising. F.An artist gets compliments for a glorious picture. G.“I can live for two months on a good compliment，” said Mark Twain. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了赞美别人所带来的好处。 12.E　根据空后一句可知，可能是我们不知道如何接受赞美。E项（对别人的表扬，我们常谨慎以待）引出下文。 13.F　根据空后一句可知，厨师会因为做了一手好饭菜而受到表扬。F项（一个艺术家因画出一幅绚丽多彩的画而受到赞美）讲述受到表扬的具体例子，与空后句对应。 14.C　空后一句讲到因为赞美是家庭主妇得到的唯一报酬，她肯定应该得到她的报酬。C项（莎士比亚说：“我们的赞美就是我们的工资。”）承接上文，说明赞美是一种报酬。 15.D　根据空后一句可知，赞美很容易，只需要片刻的思考和片刻的努力，或许一个快速的电话就可以将赞美传递，或者也可以花五分钟写一封感激信。D项（赞美几乎不需要付出代价）适合作为本段主题句。 16.G　根据空前一句可知，对于赞美，只需微小的投资，就可以获得很大的收益。G项（马克·吐温说：“只凭一句赞美的话，我就能活上两个月。”）承接上文，说明赞美的好处。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $