UNIT 10 Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE？(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“六度分隔理论”展开，系统梳理其从1920年代提出、1950-1960年代实验验证，到现代影视应用及社交媒体时代研究的发展脉络。通过Pre-reading问题引导、While-reading主旨/细节/结构分层任务、Post-reading长难句分析与讨论等学习支架，帮助学生逐步构建对理论的理解。 该资料以语言能力培养为核心，通过长难句解析（如强调句、定语从句）和“用法-佳句-练透-写美”词汇学习结构提升语法与词汇运用能力。结合Milgram实验分析等案例，培养学生逻辑推理的思维品质，分层练习题则助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师实施分层教学，课后帮助学生通过练习查漏补缺，强化知识掌握。

Section Ⅱ　LESSON 1　HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE？ 　　[1]Research shows the average① person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people， and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us.However， perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think.[2]“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory② that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain③ of no more than④ five other people. 　　The concept was first talked about as long ago as the 1920s.[3]The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published⑤ a book called Everything Is Different in 1929， in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks⑥ and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions⑦ of social networks. 　　[1]句中第二个and连接两个并列的宾语从句，作shows的宾语，第一个宾语从句省略了引导词that，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 　　[2]句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明the theory的具体内容。 　　[3]句中in which ...为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a book。 　　In the 1950s， an attempt⑧was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically⑨；but after twenty years， they still had not had any success.In 1967， an American sociologist⑩called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory， which he called the “small-world problem”.He chose a random⑪ sample⑫ of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages⑬ to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.[4]The people sending the packages only knew the name， job and general⑭ location of the stranger.Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally⑮ who they thought might know the target⑯ stranger.[5]Once the parcel⑰ had been received by this person， he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered⑱ to the correct person.Amazingly， it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered， and once released⑲， the results were published in the bimonthly⑳ magazine Psychology Today.[6]It was this research that inspired the phrase㉑“Six Degrees of Separation”. 　　[4]句中动词-ing短语sending the packages作后置定语，修饰名词people。 　　[5]句中Once用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as；主句中的until引导时间状语从句。 　　[6]本句为强调句，基本句型结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。 　　In the last few decades㉒， the theory and the phrase have appeared again.Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.Then， more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast㉓.For example， the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”.The lives of all the characters㉔ were closely connected， although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart.[7]The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”， as almost all the characters had randomly met each other， or had met someone the other characters knew，before they were all in the same plane crash㉕.In the mid-1990s， two college students in the United States invented a game.The idea of the game was to link㉖ any actor to Kevin Bacon， a famous American actor and musician， through no more than six links.Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. 　　In 2001， Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet.This became known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”.[8]The experiment involved㉗ 24，163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.The results confirmed㉘ that the average number of links in the chain was six. 　　Most recently， an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed㉙ the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages㉚， or five degrees of separation㉛. 　　So， think about it for a minute： How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels？ 　　[7]句中as引导原因状语从句，其中or连接两个并列谓语；the other characters knew是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词someone；before引导时间状语从句。 　　[8]句中with 18 target people in 13 different countries为“with＋宾语＋介词短语”构成的with复合结构。 ①average adj.平常的，普通的 the average person 普通人 ②theory n.学说，理论 ③chain n.一连串，一系列；链子，链条 a chain of 一系列，一连串（人或事） ④no more than 不超过，仅仅 ⑤publish vt.出版 publish a book 出版一本书 ⑥network n.人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 ⑦impression n.印象，感想 ⑧attempt n.企图，尝试 ⑨mathematically adv.算术地；数学上地 ⑩sociologist n.社会学家 ⑪random adj.随机的，随意的 ⑫sample n.样品，样本 ⑬package n.包裹；包装盒 vt.将……包装好 ⑭general adj.大体的；一般的 ⑮personally adv.就本人而言，就个人意见 ⑯target n.目标，对象 ⑰parcel n.包裹；邮包 ⑱deliver vi.& vt.递送，传送 deliver sth to ...递送；传送；交付 ⑲release vt.& n.发表，发布；释放 ⑳bimonthly adj.两月一次的；一月两次的 ㉑phrase n.成语，习语；警句 ㉒decade n.十年 ㉓broadcast vt.广播，播放 ㉔character n.人物 ㉕crash n.碰撞，撞车 vi.& vt.碰撞；撞击 ㉖link vt.把……连接起来；相关联 n.联系 ㉗involve vt.涉及；包含；影响；（使）参加 ㉘confirm vt.证实，证明 ㉙analyse vt.分析 ㉚stage n.（发展或进展的）时期；阶段 ㉛five degrees of separation 五度分隔 参考译文 　　研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个最亲近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可以通过不超过另外五个人与一个陌生人联系起来。 　　这个概念早在20世纪20年代就被提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他思想的影响。 　　20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年过去了，仍未成功。1967年，美国社会学家斯坦利·米尔格兰姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称之为“小世界问题”。米尔格兰姆在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米尔格兰姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到该包裹被送到目标收件人手中。令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 　　在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。它被用作戏剧标题和电影名称。随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生活都是紧密相连的。电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。上世纪90年代中期，美国两名大学生发明了一款游戏。这款游戏的玩法是用不超过六个连结将任意一个演员与著名演员、音乐家凯文•贝肯联系起来。这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。 　　2001年，哥伦比亚大学尝试在互联网上重现米尔格兰姆的实验，被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。这项实验涉及24，163 个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个国家的18个目标人物。实验结果证实，联络串上的连接平均数量是6个。 　　最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段（即五度分隔）就可建立联系。 　　所以，思考一下这个问题：你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？ Step One： Pre-reading 　How can you have a chance to contact with a stranger？ □Through the introduction of common friends. □Through Facebook， WeChat or QQ. □Come across by chance. □Meet at a party. （Answers may vary.） Step Two： While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer. 　What’s the main idea of the text？（　　） A.Explaining the number of people’s connections. B.Analysing the causes of the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory. C.Describing the features of the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory. D.Introducing people’s connections by the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory. 答案：D Ⅱ.Read for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.Which of the following is not used to test the theory？（　　） A.The “small-world problem”. B.The Oscar-winning film Babel. C.The “Columbia Small-world Project”. D.An experiment at the University of Milan in 2011. 2.What can we learn about Stanley Milgram’s method？（　　） A.Its samples were chosen randomly in Hungary. B.Packages were sent between strangers. C.Parcels arrived at the targets very quickly. D.It enlightened the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”. 3.What’s unique about an experiment at the University of Milan？（　　） A.It needed five stages to be connected. B.It had only recently been carried out. C.It focused on the social media users. D.It involved the largest number of people. 答案：1－3　BDC Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.长难句分析 1.Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people，and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us. 句式分析：此句是　复合　句，第二个and连接两个　宾语　从句，作shows的宾语，第一个宾语从句省略了引导词　that　；第二个宾语从句中含有一个who引导的　定语　从句，先行词是　people　。 自主翻译：　研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个最亲近的人身上。　 2.How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels？ 句式分析：此句是　复合　句。you regularly take 是省略了关系代词　that/which　的　定语从句　，修饰the bus；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词　the person　。 自主翻译：　你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？　 Ⅱ.讨论 1.Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small-world”？ 　Because they believed that any person on Earth could be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.In this sense， the world is small.　 2.What can you learn from the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”？ 　The theory tells us that we are closely connected with others in the world，so we should love，care about and help each other.What we do can make a difference to others and the whole world.　 核心词汇集释 1.impression n.印象，感想 　教材原句　...his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks. ……许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他思想的影响。 【用法】 （1）leave/make an impression on ... 给……留下印象 first impression 第一印象 （2）impress vt. 使（人）印象深刻 be impressed by/with ... 被……打动 impress sth on/upon sb＝impress sb with sth使某人铭记，使某人意识到（……的重要性） （3）impressive adj. 令人赞叹的 【佳句】　（2023·1月浙江卷）What impressed us most was a visit to a nearby botanic garden， where we admired colorful and distinctive plants， such as daisies， daffodils and so on. （报道） 最让我们印象深刻的是我们参观了附近的一个植物园，在那里我们欣赏了丰富多彩、特色鲜明的植物，如雏菊、水仙等。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①My father impressed the importance of honesty 　on/upon　 me. ②Among his many good qualities， punctuality is the most 　impressive　 （impress） one. 【写美】　一句多译/句型转换 ③我坚信今年的音乐节会给你留下深刻的印象。 →I firmly believe that you will 　be deeply impressed with/by　 this year’s music festival.（impress） →I firmly believe that this year’s music festival will 　leave/make a deep impression on/upon you　.（impression） ④I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go home in time. →　Impressed by the beautiful scenery　， I forgot to go home in time.（过去分词短语作状语） 2.random adj.随机的，随意的 n.随机，任意 教材原句　He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. 他（米尔格兰姆）在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。 【用法】 （1）at random　　　　　随便地，随意地 make a random choice 随机选择 （2）randomly adv. 随便地，任意地；无目的地 【佳句】　I would like to express my concerns regarding your plan to randomly divide students into pairs for post-class oral practice.（建议信） 我想对您将学生随机配对进行课后口语练习的计划表达我的担忧。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She opened the book 　at　 random and started reading. ②It is said that the winning numbers are 　randomly　 （random） selected by computer. 【写美】　完成句子 ③They couldn’t decide which route to take.After debating for a while， 　they finally made a random choice　 and turned left. （动作描写） 他们无法决定该走哪条路。经过一番讨论后，他们最终做了一个随机选择并向左转了。 3.release vt.& n.发表，发布；释放 教材原句　Amazingly， it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered， and once released， the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. 令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 【用法】 （1）release ...from ...从……释放/放出/放走…… be released into 被排放到；被释放到 release stress/emotions 释放压力/发泄情感 （2）on release 发行，上映 【佳句】　She burst into tears， releasing all her pent-up emotions. （动作描写） 她放声大哭，发泄出全部郁积起来的情感。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She 　released　 （release） her grip on the rope and fell into the water. ②After the successful completion of the therapy， he was released 　from　 the hospital. 【写美】　完成句子 ③Exercise is a great way to 　release stress　. 运动是一种释放压力的好方法。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：状语从句的省略 教材原句　Amazingly， it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered， and once released， the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊 《今日心理学》 上。 【用法】 （1）状语从句省略的两个条件： ①when， while， though， even if， unless， if， as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语为it时； ②状语从句谓语中含有be动词时。 （2）状语从句省略的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词。 【品悟】　Now， when having trouble in learning English， plenty of students urge to know how to deal with it. （语言学习） 现在，当学英语遇到困难时，许多学生迫切想知道如何应对它。 【点津】　省略句中的谓语动词如果和主语构成主谓关系，则使用动词-ing形式；若构成动宾关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示尚未发生的动作，则使用动词不定式。 【写美】　完成句子/句型转换 ①　While picking watermelons on the farm　， I realised the real meaning of labour. 在农场摘西瓜的时候，我意识到了劳动的真正意义。 ②　Although very tired　， he still stayed up late to prepare for the coming test. 虽然很累，他还是熬夜学习，为即将到来的考试做准备。 ③I simply stood there dumbfounded， and my feet， 　as if rooted　 to the ground， couldn’t move a bit. 我只是呆呆地站在那里，我的脚好像生了根似的，一点也动弹不得。 ④If it is possible， try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. →　If possible　，try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. 2.句型公式：强调句 教材原句　It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”. 正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔” 这一说法。 【用法】 （1）强调句的结构：“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。强调句用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分，不能强调谓语。被强调部分是人时，可以用who或that，其他情况一律用that；强调主语时，that后的谓语动词应与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 （2）not ...until的强调句：It is/was＋not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分。 【品悟】　It is because people’s awareness of environmental protection has increased that the environment has been improved. （环境保护） 正是因为人们的环保意识增强了，环境才得以改善。 【写美】　完成句子/句型转换 ①　It was in the library that　 I found the rare book. 正是在图书馆，我找到了这本珍贵的书。 ②　It is the teacher who/that　 inspires us to learn. 正是老师激发了我们学习的欲望。 ③We didn’t stop working until the sun rose. →　It was not until the sun rose that we stopped working.　（改为强调句） ④John won the first prize in the competition. →　It was John　 who won the first prize in the competition.（强调主语） →　It was the first prize　 that John won in the competition.（强调奖项等级） 维度一：品句填词 1.The magazine is published 　bimonthly　 （两月一次的）， with six issues a year. 2.Later， people use this 　phrase　 （成语） to mean “Practice makes perfect”. 3.The band plans to 　release　 （发行） their new album next month. 4.Daylight disclosed a chain　 of lakes and rivers in the distance. 5.We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient distribution network　. 维度二：词形转换 1.When I first met him I had the 　impression　 （impress） that he was a shy sort of person. 2.Researchers took 60 adults and 　randomly　 （random） split them into three groups of 20. 3.This is certainly a 　theoretical　 （theory） risk but in practice there is seldom a problem. 4.Experts say that the product， if eaten 　regularly　（regular）， could be harmful. 5.　Personally　 （personal） speaking， I think the show is going to be a great success. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.　Once begun　 （一旦开始）， it must be done well. 2.She picked up a book 　at random　 （随便） from the shelf. 3.The animals 　were released　 （被释放） from their cages into a protected reserve. 4.　It was at the concert that　 （正是在那场音乐会上） I saw her for the first time. 5.The competition was started 　with the aim of　 （为了……） encouraging young writers. Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　（2025·河南实验中学检测）Lena is a psychologist （心理医生） working in a high school.She is devoted to helping students who are struggling with mental health issues.Her days are filled with counseling （咨询） sessions and organizing workshops to educate students about mental health.One day， a student named Sarah came to Lena for help.Sarah had been feeling anxious about her schoolwork. 　　Lena listened carefully to Sarah’s concerns and asked her questions to better understand her situation.Lena then developed a personalized plan for Sarah， including relaxation techniques， time management strategies， and a referral to a support group. 　　Over the next few weeks， Lena worked closely with Sarah， meeting regularly to discuss her progress and adjust the plan as needed.Sarah gradually felt more in control of her emotions and her schoolwork.She even started to participate in extracurricular activities and make new friends. 　　Lena’s work doesn’t stop at the school gates.Beyond the school， Lena leads community activities.She organizes monthly “Mind Matters” talks at the local library， where she explains mental health through easy-to-understand stories and fun activities.During lockdowns， her online support groups became really important connections for lonely teens， making her known as a kind guide who links adolescents and the resources they can get. 　　What makes Lena do all this？ Memories of her brother having a hard time with depression without saying anything， a personal experience of feeling really tired during training that taught her how important it is to take care of herself， and the many moments when students get their confidence back.To her， every counseling session gives a chance to change how society thinks turning silent struggles into open talks and helping those facing life’s challenges become stronger.She believes that by raising awareness and breaking down shame， she can help create a more supportive and understanding environment for everyone. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中心理医生Lena的日常工作和志愿者经历。 1.Why did Sarah come to Lena？（　　） A.She was feeling stressed. B.She was flooded by her housework. C.She was suffering physical disease. D.She was defeated by boring courses. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，Sarah一直焦虑不安，所以来找Lena寻求帮助。 2.What does the underlined word “referral” in paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　） A.Devotion. B.Recommendation. C.Approach. D.Punishment. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，Lena为Sarah定制了一个方案，包括放松技巧、时间管理策略，还为她推荐了一个互助小组。由此推测，referral意为“推荐”。 3.What does Lena think of her job？（　　） A.Significant. B.Tiresome. C.Demanding. D.Depressing. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章末句可推知，Lena相信自己的工作是有意义的。 4.Which of the following can best describe Lena？（　　） A.Talented and calm. B.Organized and selfless. C.Responsible and experienced. D.Determined and brave. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Lena有许多心理治疗的经历，并且尽力去帮助他人。由此推断，Lena有责任心且经验丰富。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·广西师大附中检测）Kristin Schell is the founder of the Turquoise Table.Ten years ago， her family 　5　 to a new home in Texas.She attempted to 　6　 with her new neighbors by organizing various activities， but these 　7　 demanded much while producing few results. 　　One day， Kristin needed backyard furniture for a party and 　8　 a few picnic tables.Unfortunately， the shop delivery driver mistakenly placed one table in her front yard.After the celebration， she 　9　 the table with her favorite color， turquoise， and positioned it in the front yard， just a few 　10　 from the sidewalk. 　　This turquoise table soon became the spot where Kristin and her children 　11　.Activities that used to do at the kitchen table now 　12　 at the picnic table.They played games， engaged in crafts， and enjoyed snacks there， 　13　 into “front yard people”. 　　Neighbors started to stop by， introducing themselves and settling down for a（n） 　14　.It served as a simple way to communicate and engage with others.The turquoise table’s 　15　 and comfortable atmosphere turned it into a “public place” for leisure. 　　Inspired by this， neighbors 　16　 began placing picnic tables in their front yards too.　17　， a movement was born.Over time， thousands of turquoise tables emerged across all 50 states and in 13 countries globally. 　　Kristin turned a delivery mistake into a（n） 　18　 to ease loneliness and build relationships in her community.The picnic table symbolized the delight of connecting others and a（n） 　19　 of belonging. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Kristin Schell通过一张绿松石的野餐桌建立社区联系的故事。 5.A.moved B.devoted C.returned D.went 解析：A　根据空后的a new home可知，此处指搬去新家。 6.A.compromise B.compete C.compare D.connect 解析：D　根据空后的her new neighbors by organizing various activities以及文章末句中的connecting others可知，此处指Kristin试图和新邻居建立关系。 7.A.effects B.efforts C.energies D.forces 解析：B　此处呼应上半句中的attempted，指Kristin为和新邻居建立良好的关系而做出的努力。 8.A.borrowed B.rented C.purchased D.repaired 解析：C　根据下句中的the shop delivery driver可知，Kristin购买了几张野餐桌。 9.A.decorated B.painted C.polished D.cleaned 解析：B　根据空后的with her favorite color可知，此处指给桌子涂颜色。 10.A.kilometers B.inches C.feet D.miles 解析：C　根据空前的positioned it in the front yard可知，桌子被放在前院，离人行道应是几英尺。其他选项距离过近或过远，不符合语境。 11.A.hung on B.hung out C.hung up D.hung back 解析：B　根据本段最后一句可知，他们常常待在野餐桌那里。 12.A.aimed B.sank C.rose D.occurred 解析：D　根据下句可推知，此处指过去在厨房餐桌上做的活动现在发生在了野餐桌上。 13.A.translating B.transporting C.transmitting D.transforming 解析：D　根据上半句可知，他们在野餐桌那里做各种活动。由此推断，此处指“变成”了“前院人”。transform into意为“转变成”。 14.A.competition B.argument C.conversation D.quarrel 解析：C　根据上文提到Kristin和孩子们在野餐桌边进行休闲活动以及下句可知，邻居们会过来闲聊。 15.A.horrible B.terrible C.boring D.inviting 解析：D　根据后半句中的turned it into a “public place” for leisure可知，这里成为休闲的“公共场所”。由此推断，这里的氛围很吸引人。 16.A.gradually B.suddenly C.frequently D.initially 解析：A　根据空后的began placing picnic tables in their front yards too可知，邻居们也逐渐开始在自家前院放置野餐桌。此处呼应下段中的Over time。 17.A.Otherwise B.However C.Therefore D.Though 解析：C　结合句意可知，上下文是因果关系，很多邻居也开始放置野餐桌，因此，一场运动诞生了。 18.A.ability B.opportunity C.challenge D.plan 解析：B　根据上文提到社区的邻里之间在野餐桌边闲聊可知，Kristin把一次送货错误变成了一个缓解孤独感和在社区中建立关系的机会。 19.A.scene B.sense C.awareness D.intention 解析：B　根据上句中的build relationships in her community和空前的connecting others可知，是在社区和他人建立良好的关系。由此推断，此处指归属感。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $