UNIT 10 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK 听说课前清障 1.做个小实验　　　　　　do a little experiment　 2.看看你的照片 　look at your photos　 3.和你姐/妹和睦相处 　get on well with your sister　 4.一点鼓励 　a bit of encouragement　 5.有良好的社区精神 　have a good community spirit　 6.解决我们的问题 　sort out our problems　 7.对某人很重要 　be very important to sb　 8.从……学会；学习 　learn from　 9.make less noise 　少制造一些噪声　 10.from then on 　从那时起　 11.deal with the noise problem 　解决噪声问题　 12.have friendly relationships with our neighbours 　与我们的邻居保持友好关系　 13.play with each other 　一起玩耍　 14.have problems with your neighbours 　和你的邻居有矛盾　 15.on social media 　在社交媒体上　 话题听力提能 Ⅰ.听教材听力10.1，回答第1至5题。 1.Who was the last person Willa took a photo of？（　　） A.Her friend.　　　　　　B.Her sister Daisy. C.She didn’t mention it. 2.Where was the last photo of Willa’s sister taken？（　　） A.At the park. B.At their home. C.It’s not mentioned. 3.How is the relationship between Willa and her sister Daisy？（　　） A.They do not get along well. B.They are very close and get along well. C.They used to be close， but not anymore. 4.Do Willa and her sister Daisy have the same friends？（　　） A.No， they do not. B.Yes， they do. C.The text does not mention this. 5.How do Willa and her sister handle conflicts？（　　） A.They avoid discussing disagreements. B.They always agree to disagree. C.They do not mention how they handle conflicts. 答案：1－5　BABBB Ⅱ.再听教材听力10.1，根据所听内容填空。 1.OK， we’re going to 　do a little experiment　 to find out about 　the connections　 you have. 2.Take your mobile phone and look at 　your photos　. 3.We’re 　very close　 in age so we used to 　play with each other　 when we were children. 4.Didn’t you 　argue or fight　 with each other when you were children？ 5.Well， sometimes conflicts will 　come up　， but never 　for very long　. 6.The most important thing is that we are always 　there for each other　 whenever one needs some help or 　just a bit of encouragement　. Ⅲ.听教材听力10.2，回答第1至5题。 1.Who were Max’s problematic neighbours at present？（　　） A.Ann. B.The people in Flat 304. C.It is not mentioned in the text. 2.What was the issue Max was having with his neighbours？（　　） A.They were not friendly. B.They were making too much noise in the evenings. C.They were not maintaining the community spirit. 3.How did Max and his neighbours resolve their issue？（　　） A.Max moved to a different flat. B.Max spoke to them about the noise and they agreed to make less noise. C.It is not mentioned in the text. 4.Does Max now have a good relationship with his neighbours？（　　） A.No， they still have issues. B.Yes， they get along well now. C.It is not mentioned in the text. 5.What was Max’s overall intention regarding his relationship with his neighbours？（　　） A.To have a conflict with them. B.To avoid them as much as possible. C.To have friendly relationships and a good community spirit. 答案：1－5　BBBBC Ⅳ.再听教材听力10.2，根据所听内容填空。 1.No， not anymore， fortunately.We’ve 　sorted out our problems　 now. 2.We didn’t want 　any conflict　 with them at all.We want to have 　friendly relationships　 with our neighbours， so we all have 　a good community spirit　. 话题表达实战 　　情境一：俗话说：“远亲不如近邻。”Todd （T）和Phil （P）作为邻居初次会面，他们互相问候，交谈甚欢…… 　　阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。 T：Hello！ P：Hello！ Good morning. T：Hi.　1　 My name’s Todd. P：Oh， nice to meet you.My name’s Phil.I’m from England. T：Oh， hey， Phil， I’m from the States.I’ve noticed you in the building.　2　 P：I’ve lived here for six months actually. T：Well， I’ve been here for two months and I don’t think， you know， we haven’t met yet， so. P：　3　 I never see you. T：Right.Right.What room number are you？ P： I’m 443. T：Ah， OK.Actually， I’m 430， so. P：I’m lucky my room’s at the end of the corridor so it’s really quiet. T：Yeah， you know， I was wondering though， at night I do my laundry sometimes and the laundry room is near your room and it makes a lot of noise.　4　 P：I’ve never heard it， to be honest.Maybe I’m a really good sleeper or something. T：Oh， good. P：I never hear it. T：So， what do you do？ P：I’m an English teacher near here. T：Oh， really， actually so am I. P：Oh， really？　5　 T：Ah， that’s cool.I’m the opposite.I teach mainly university students. A.I don’t think we’ve met. B.I only teach junior high school， so quite young children. C.How long have you lived here？ D.Does it keep you up at night？ E.I guess we’re always busy at work. 答案：1－5　ACEDB 　　情境二：Lily （L）正给新邻居Emily （E）介绍周围的居住环境…… 　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。 E：Hi！My name is Emily.I just moved in next door two days ago.Nice to meet you！ L：Hi！I am Lily.I have lived here for two years！Nice to meet you， too.1.　Is there anything I can help with　 （有什么我可以帮忙的吗）？ There are so many boxes here.You bought some furniture from Amazon？ E：Yes， I did， but I did not expect that they are all delivered today.2.　Messed up in my room right now　（现在我房间里一团糟）.By the way， is there any supermarket nearby？ L：Yes， there is a big one around the corner. E：OK.3.　I need to buy something to drink and eat　 （我需要买些吃的和喝的）.I went to school yesterday， no time to check around. L：I see.Why you choose to live here？ E：Oh， it is a nice and quiet neighbourhood here.I do not like parties. L： You are right.4.　It is pretty quiet here during weekends　 （周末的时候这里很安静）.In addition， there is a gym nearby as well. E：Wonderful， I really need to go to a gym as soon as possible.5.　I have put on so much weight during holidays　 （假期里我的体重增加了很多）. L：Well， if you do not mind， we can go together sometime. E：Great！ You are really nice. 1.conflict n.抵触，冲突，矛盾vi.（两种思想、信仰、说法等）冲突，抵触 教材原句　conflicts， arguments， interventions， issues， disagreements， envy， friction 冲突、争论、干涉、问题、分歧、忌妒、摩擦 【用法】 （1）come into conflict with ...与……发生争执/冲突（强调动作） in conflict with ... 与……冲突（强调状态） a conflict between A and BA与B之间的冲突 （2）conflict with ... 与……冲突/抵触 【佳句】　The conflict between them broke out.They argued loudly， each unwilling to give in.（动作描写） 他们之间发生了冲突。他们争吵得很激烈，每个 人都不愿意妥协。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①There is a conflict 　between　 what they are doing and what you want. 【写美】　一句多译 ②时尚是我们生活的重要组成部分，它与我们的学习并不冲突。 →Fashion is an essential part of our lives， which 　doesn’t conflict with　 our studies.（conflict v.） →Fashion is an essential part of our lives， which 　isn’t in conflict with　 our studies.（conflict n.） 2.envy n.羡慕，忌妒 vt.羡慕，妒忌 【用法】 （1）envy sb （doing） sth　羡慕/妒忌某人（做）某事 （2）with envy 羡慕地；忌妒地 green with envy 非常忌妒的；眼红的 out of envy 出于忌妒 become the envy of sb/sth成为羡慕（或忌妒）的对象 （3）envious adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的 be envious of 羡慕/妒忌…… 【佳句】　As Jane watched her friend receive the award in the competition， she looked at her with envy. （心理、动作描写） 当简看到她的朋友在比赛中获奖时，她羡慕地看着她。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She is always envious 　of　 Indian’s big eyes.They are so charming and attractive. ②Only she has access to such precious resources， which 　is envied　 （envy） by her fellows. 【写美】　完成句子 ③After her beautiful performance， she 　became the envy of her classmates　. 在她精彩的表演之后，她成为同学们羡慕的对象。 ④Sam 　was green with envy　 when he learned that his best friend had been chosen in the national chess competition. 当得知他最好的朋友被选参加全国象棋比赛时，萨姆十分的眼红。 3.encouragement n.鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物 　教材原句　support， help， love， encouragement， company， care， concern， sympathy 支持、帮助、爱、鼓励、陪伴、关心、担心、同情 【用法】 （1）be a great encouragement to sb 对某人是一个极大的鼓励 （2）encourage vt. 鼓励，激励；支持 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 （3）encouraged adj. 受到鼓励的 encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的 【佳句】　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）While it is true that randomly mixing up students can encourage more communication and interaction， there may also be some potential issues to consider. （建议信） 虽然随机地把学生混在一起确实可以鼓励更多的交流和互动，但也可能有一些潜在的问题需要考虑。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The 　encouraging　 （encourage） words from his teacher were 　a　 great encouragement to Tom when he was struggling with his math homework. ②After hearing her classmates cheer for her during the talent show， Olivia felt truly 　encouraged　 （encourage）. ③The teacher encouraged his students 　to form　 （form） their own opinions. 【写美】　完成句子 ④What’s more， it was 　your constant encouragement　 that inspired me to be confident. 更重要的是，正是你不断的鼓励激励着我变得自信。 4.apologise vi.道歉，谢罪 　教材原句　...they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on. ……他们道了歉并说以后他们会减少噪声。 【用法】 （1）apologise to sb for （doing） sth因（做）某事向某人道歉 apologise to sb that ... 向某人道歉…… （2）apology n. 道歉；辩白 make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉 owe sb an apology for sth 因某事而应向某人道歉 【佳句】　Much to my regret， I am unable to pick you up at the airport.And I do wish that you will accept my sincere apology. （道歉信） 非常遗憾我不能去机场接你了，我真的希望你能接受我真诚的道歉。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①You should apologise to her 　for　 your rude behaviour. ②As a matter of fact，it was my fault.So I must make an 　apology　 （apologise） to you. ③We don’t doubt that the boy can apologise 　to　 the angry teacher. 【写美】　完成句子 ④I have to 　make an apology/apologise to you for not being able to teach you　 to make Chinese knots this Saturday. 我必须向你道歉，本周六我不能教你制作中国结了。 维度一：品句填词 1.Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical 　clinic　 （诊所）. 2.A 　bakery　 （面包烘房） will make food like cake， bread， and other pastries. 3.　Grocery　 （食品杂货） stores have to offer enough specials to bring people into the store. 4.Border clashes have led to increased 　friction　 （摩擦） between the two countries. 5.The gallery　 possesses a number of the artist’s early works. 6.Thousands of fans packed into the stadium　 to watch the match. 维度二：词形转换 1.He favoured a middle course between free enterprise and state 　intervention　 （intervene）. 2.We had a 　disagreement　 （disagree） about the fee for the work. 3.I could never have achieved this without the 　encouragement　 （encourage） of my family. 4.She complained to the company and they sent her a written 　apology　 （apologise）. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.He 　apologised for the mistake he made　 （为他犯的错误道歉）. 2.　She was disturbed to　 （她感到不安） find that her wallet was missing. 3.The neighbours watched 　with envy　 （羡慕地） as they built their dream house. 4.If Alice follows the advice， I think she will 　get on well with her mother　 （与她的妈妈相处融洽）. 5.　The most important thing is that　 （最重要的是） you must come back on time. 6.I 　call on　 （呼吁） everyone to renounce the use of violence and armed struggle. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·重庆南开中学检测）Whether your teenager is a part of an unhealthy community or doesn’t have any community ties at all， helping them develop quality relationships can be tough.Here are a few things you can do to help your teen： 　　Build Their Confidence 　　The teenage years can be the hardest.While they may not openly talk about it with you， your child is dealing with hormones （荷尔蒙）， changing peer groups， and big life events， while sometimes struggling with low self-esteem.Unfortunately， this can cause them to isolate themselves and ignore the advice of their adult peers or role models.The more that you can empower your teen to develop positive behavioral and life skills， the more confident they will be when they are a part of a community on their own. 　　Model Conflict Resolution 　　According to prominent therapy models and practitioners， even the best of friends are going to have fights， but not every argument means the end of a friendship or community.Conflict is a natural part of relationships.Help them work on “fighting fair” and recognizing when to take a break from an argument to cool off. 　　Particularly when it comes to social media， where misunderstandings are common and conflict can quickly get out of control， teach your teen the value of saying “I think we’re both really upset.Let’s talk about this in person tomorrow.” The best way to do this is to model healthy conflict resolution yourself. 　　Help Connect Them 　　Sometimes， your child needs guidance when making positive relationships in their school or social group.Encouraging them to get involved in a sport， hobby， after-school club， or youth group can help tremendously （巨大地） when it’s time for them to build a community with like-minded people.Engage in community service as a family.When they serve others in their community， they will feel more invested in the group’s well-being and be more open to making connections with others. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了如何帮助青少年建立健康的人际关系。 1.How can parents do to help teenagers to build their confidence？（　　） A.By ignoring the advice of others. B.By making them isolate themselves. C.By helping them develop positive attitude. D.By openly having a talk with them. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据Build Their Confidence部分最后一句可知，父母可以通过培养积极的态度来帮助青少年建立自信。 2.To resolve the conflict， the teens should 　　　　.（　　） A.turn to therapy models and practitioners B.have a fight with their best friend C.cool when they are having an argument D.find right way to deal with it themselves 解析：D　细节理解题。根据Model Conflict Resolution部分第一段最后一句可知，青少年应该自己找到正确的方法来解决冲突。 3.What should teens do to connect themselves？（　　） A.They should be engaged in activities in school or community. B.They should be with like-minded people when in the community. C.They should invest in the community’s happiness. D.They should be open to all the people in the world. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据Help Connect Them部分第二、三句可知，青少年应该参与学校或社区的活动来建立联系。 B 　　（2025·河北衡水期末）Emma and Peter Tryon， the UK couple， who are both teachers， began dating when they were both on separate backpacking trips that they both loved in Cambodia， and took many vacations together before getting married and having two sons， Hudson， five and Darien， two. 　　When they became parents， they initially planned to settle down.But soon， they felt restless， and the idea of travelling around the world with their kids was so appealing that they couldn’t say no. 　　After months of saving and making plans， they sold their home， officially removed their oldest son from school， and set off on their travels.“I get why people would think we’re crazy，” Emma says， admitting that they questioned whether they were doing the right thing at first.“When I actually had to sign the papers to formally opt out of UK education， it hit differently.I thought， ‘This is a big deal.’” Under UK law， there are no specific requirements for the content of homeschooling， except that parents must provide their children with a suitable education. 　　“We’ve found that the adventure， spontaneity （自发性） and the challenges of travelling bring us together and also create the opportunity to connect in a unique and strong way.That’s the factor behind our decision，” Peter Tryon says.Over the past year， the Tryons have traveled around much of Thailand， as well as Singapore and Malaysia， all while balancing homeschooling. 　　The couple say Hudson and Darien are progressing well and benefiting hugely from having individualized lessons.Peter Tryon says he often uses swimming sessions to carry out floating and sinking experiments with the children， and recently taught his eldest son about buoyancy （浮力） while they were in the water.“There’s so much science in all the things that we do，” he says.“So rather than teaching it as a theoretical subject in the classroom， we’ve got all the experiences and the resources around us in the world.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过英国教师夫妇Emma和Peter Tryon热爱旅行，讲述了旅行中的冒险和挑战能增进家庭关系。 4.What brought Emma and Peter Tryon together？（　　） A.Their common hobby of travel. B.Their shared teaching careers. C.Their well-paid jobs in Cambodia. D.Their interest in raising children. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，旅行的共同爱好将他们联系在一起。 5.How did Emma feel the moment she officially left the UK education system？（　　） A.Quite regretful. B.A little relaxed. C.A bit hesitant. D.Extremely excited. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Emma says ...“This is a big deal.”可知，当Emma真正需要签署文件正式退出英国教育体系时，她感到这不是一件小事。由此推断，她当时有些犹豫。 6.What is the reason for Emma and Peter being backpacking parents？（　　） A.To form a closer family relationship. B.To explore new career opportunities. C.To escape financial difficulties. D.To follow a popular trend. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段中Peter Tryon所说可推知，他们决定成为背包客父母是为了建立更紧密的家庭关系。 7.What can we learn about Peter Tryon from the last paragraph？（　　） A.He valued laboratory tests. B.He focused upon theoretical learning. C.He followed standard teaching methods. D.He challenged the traditional classroom model. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Peter Tryon所说可推知，他挑战了传统的课堂模式。 C 　　（2025·南京金陵中学检测）Researchers found that they could accurately predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips.Simply put： You and your best friends really do think alike.According to a Dartmouth study finding， friends have similar neural （神经的） responses to real-world stimuli （刺激） and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are.The study reveals that friends have the most similar neural activity patterns， followed by friends-of-friends who， in turn， have more similar neural activity than people three degrees removed （friends-of-friends-of-friends）. 　　Published in Nature Communications， the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network.“Neural responses to dynamic， naturalistic stimuli， like videos， can give us a window into people’s unlimited， unplanned thought processes as they unfold.Our results suggest that friends process the world around them in exceptionally similar ways，” says lead author Carolyn Parkinson. 　　The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students.The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually （相互地） reported social ties.Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） scanner.The videos covered a range of topics and genres， including politics， science， comedy and music videos， for which a range of responses was expected.Each participant watched the same videos in the same order， with the same instructions.The researchers then compared the neural responses pairwise across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network. 　　The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends， and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning.Even when the researchers controlled variables， including left-handedness or right-handedness， age， gender， race， and nationality， the analogy in neural activity among friends was still evident.The team also found that fMRI response similarities could be used to predict not only if a pair were friends but also the social distance between the two. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项实验表明，两个人大脑神经反应的相似度可以反映出他们关系的亲密度。 8.How did the researchers judge the relationship between two people？（　　） A.By asking them to complete a questionnaire. B.By observing their interactions on casual occasions. C.By analyzing their brains’ reaction to videos. D.By comparing their valuations of the same visual material. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，研究人员是通过分析他们大脑对视频的反应来判断两人之间的关系的。 9.What can we know about the study mentioned in the text？（　　） A.It has yet to win recognition from the academic world. B.It involved more than 200 students watching various videos. C.It required a professional device to analyze participants’ conversation. D.It is original and checks people’s neural responses. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，该研究是原创的，检查人们的神经反应。 10.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？（　　） A.The conclusion of the study. B.The process of the study. C.The working principle of an fMRI. D.The challenges of the researchers. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段讲述了研究的过程。 11.What does the underlined word “analogy” in the last paragraph mean？（　　） A.Similarity. B.Intensity. C.Abnormality. D.Benefit. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知，研究结果表明，朋友之间的神经反应相似性最强，即使研究人员控制了一系列变量，朋友之间神经活动在analogy方面仍然很明显。句首的Even表递进关系，由此推测，画线词指的是朋友之间神经反应的“相似性”。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·福州期末）For most people， hearing the words “dinner’s on the table” brings back memories of home-cooked meals shared with family.12.（　　） However， “Dinnertime！” as we currently know it was once different and has experienced a series of evolutions. 　　13.（　　） Family members would eat in shifts， setting up a small table in a hallway or outside， or by the fireplace.In colonial （殖民的） times， the midday meal — “dinner” — was the largest one， while “supper” was a smaller evening meal. That changed during the Industrial Revolution.14.（　　） Laborers who were not paid for their lunchtime began to eat a quick， lighter meal at midday， moving dinner to the end of the day as the main family meal.For families of all socioeconomic levels， evening automatically became the time when everyone would be back at home together.Dinnertime started to be an important occasion. 　　At present， flexible lifestyles， changing patterns of work-life balance， and evolving family structures have led to the appearance of a new kind of family dinner.15.（　　） A few clicks on the phone can bring people whatever their heart or stomach desires — Caribbean， Japanese， Italian and every other country’s cuisine， not to mention delivery options that can meet special dietary needs.This makes sense given the various dining preferences of the newest age group. 　　16.（　　） Regardless of who cooks the food， where it’s eaten， and who you’re eating with， the nightly tradition of sharing a meal while connecting with loved ones always stands strong. A.People began to work outside of the home. B.Family dinners are not always this flexible. C.There’s never been so much variety for dinner. D.Despite the changes， the central concept remains. E.It’s a magical phrase representing a warm time at sunset. F.Families didn’t eat together in the evening before the 1700s. G.In the late 19th century dinnertime served as a symbol of stability. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家庭晚餐时间的演变历程，但无论形式如何变化，其核心理念始终如一。 12.E　空前提到“晚饭做好了”会唤起家庭回忆，空后提到“晚饭时间”曾经并非这样。E项（它是一个有魔力的说法，象征着傍晚时分的温馨时光）承接上文，且与下文构成转折，选项中的It指代上文中的dinner’s on the table。 13.F　本段主要介绍了晚饭时间在不同时期的特点和变化。F项（在18世纪之前，一家人不会共进晚餐）与下文形成因果关系。 14.A　空后解释了劳动者将正餐移至傍晚的原因。A项（人们开始在外工作）为导致此变化的直接原因，形成因果关系，且体现了变化过程。 15.C　空前提到如今灵活的生活方式使家庭晚餐有了新形式，空后列举了手机点餐的多样化选择。C项（晚餐从未如此多样化）承上启下。 16.D　设空处为文章总结句，应呼应首段并点明主旨。D项（尽管有这些变化，但其核心理念没有改变）与空后内容形成语义上的重复强调。 2 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $