UNIT 8 Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 一词多性(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（北师大版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦“一词多性”核心知识点，通过分析adventure、aims、study等熟词的名动转换，potential的名形变化，slow的动形用法，系统梳理词汇通过词性改变实现词义变化的规律，构建从基础认知到拓展应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于结合真题例句（如2024新课标Ⅰ卷document用法）、即时演练及基础题型、语法与写作、语法与语篇三维练习，助力提升语言理解与表达能力，培养分析比较的思维品质，引导积累词汇学习策略，课中辅助教师高效教学，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅵ　Grammar —— 一词多性 ①When you’re a child， life is one big adventure. ②Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. ③The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales. ④We hope to slow the spread of the disease. ⑤After dinner， he likes to return to his study. 【我的发现】 1.句①②⑤中adventure， aims， study为名词， 意为“冒险”“目的”和“书房”；也可用作动词， 意为“　冒险；大胆说出　”“　目的在于；把……对准；瞄准　”和“　学习　”。 2.句③中potential为名词， 意为“　潜能　”， 也可用作形容词， 意为“　潜在的　”。 3.句④中slow为动词， 意为“　变慢　”， 也可用作形容词， 意为“　慢的　”。 　　一词多性是英语词汇含义变化的基本特征， 是指通过改变一些词， 尤其是一些熟词的词性而发生意义的变化。英语中一词多性的单词有很多， 以下列举一些， 也希望同学们平时多多积累， 更好地帮助背单词， 做阅读。 1.document n. 文件，公文 v.记录，记载 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct， researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. 在记录地球上物种以免它们灭绝的竞赛中，研究人员和公民科学家们已经收集了数十亿条记录。 2.address n.地址vt.写地址；发表（演说） The president will address his speech at 3：00 pm. 总统将在下午3点发表演讲。 3.arrest n.& vt.逮捕 vt.吸引 The loud noise arrested our attention. 巨大的噪声引起了我们的注意。 4.bridge n.桥 vt.消除隔阂 Not white， certainly， but not really Asian， I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you. 当然不是白人， 但也不是真正的亚洲人， 我试图在两个世界之间铺路， 为你们架起桥梁。 5.better adj. & adv.较好的， 较好地 vt.改善；优化 A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. 提高你评估能力的关键第一步是仔细查看你的健康信息来源。 6.back prep.后面n.后背v.支持 I’ll back him against all the others. 我将支持他反对其他人。 【即时演练】　写出下列句中加蓝词的词性及词义 ①Can you break the one hundred dollar bill and give me some change？　　n.零钱　 ②She coached me in playing football.　 　vt.指导　 ③Having been cheated in a business deal， he was reduced to nothing.　　n.交易　 ④He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.　　vt.抛弃　 ⑤He was excused from piano practice.　 　vt.免除　 维度一：基础题型练 写出下列句中加蓝词的词性及词义。 1.The government is aiming at a 50％ reduction in unemployment.　　v.目的在于　 2.One day a week her mother cleaned and aired each room.　　vt.使通风　 3.The nation’s advertisers need to clean up their act.　　n.行为　 4.Her parents backed her in her choice of career.　　v.支持　 5.I counted the money.It was more than five hundred dollars.　　v.数数　 6.The man will get a fine if he parks the car there.　　n.罚款　 7.As we know， the song was a hit at that time.　　n.风行一时　 8.These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil； now they hold Twitter engineers.　　vt.给……房子住　 9.She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.　　v.匹配　 10.It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.　　vt.判定　 维度二：语法与写作 1.Parents and children should communicate more to 　narrow the gap between them　 so that they can understand each other better. 父母和孩子应该多交流， 缩小他们之间的差距， 这样他们才能更好地理解彼此。（narrow） 2.Please 　note that this bill must be paid　 within 10 days. 请注意，这张账单必须在10天内付清。（note） 3.　While nursing her sick elder sister　 throughout the years， Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine. 在照顾生病的姐姐的这些年里， 夏洛特发现自己对医学很感兴趣。（nurse） 4.The wooden bridge is not strong enough to 　allow the passage of lorries　. 这座木桥不够坚固， 不能让卡车通过。（passage） 5.I would like to 　picture my future life　 in ten years. 我想描绘我未来十年的生活。（picture） 6.We 　figured that the sensible thing to do was to wait　. 我们认为， 明智的做法是等待。（figure） 7.Will you 　water the house plants　 while I’m away？ 我不在时你能给我的室内盆栽浇水吗？（water） 8.We will try our best to 　better our living conditions　. 我们会尽最大努力改善我们的生活条件。（better） 维度三：语法与语篇 　　Faced with a large amount of documents on his desk 1.　to deal with　 （需要处理的）， he wanted to 2.　challenge himself　 （挑战自己） to finish the task within a week， so he often worked overtime.Without 3.　a good balance　 （平衡好） between his life and work， he 4.　seemed to have aged a lot　 （似乎显得老了许多） in the past week.As is known to all， the body is the capital of revolution.We should 5.　free ourselves reasonably　 （合理地释放自己） and 6.　exercise actively　 （积极地锻炼）， so that we can 7.　own a better future　 （拥有一个更加美好的未来）. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $