UNIT 7 Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 同根词变形(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语同根词变形核心知识点，系统梳理派生法中动词变名词（如-er/-or/-ion等后缀）、动词/名词变形容词（如-able/-al/-ful等后缀）、表“人”的名词（如-er/-or/-ian等后缀）、变动词（如en-/-en/-ify等词缀）及否定词缀（如dis-/un-/-less等）的规律，构建“语篇实例感知-词缀规律归纳-即时演练应用”的学习支架。 该资料以贝多芬语篇为情境引入，通过实例引导学生自主发现词缀规则，培养语言理解与分析能力（语言能力）。分类梳理词缀并对比辨析，助力学生构建知识网络，提升逻辑归纳的思维品质。结合高考真题设计即时演练与综合练习，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固词形转化技巧，有效查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Section Ⅵ　Grammar —— 同根词变形 ①Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer. ②Inspired by his struggles with deafness， the composer produced some amazing pieces， including nine symphonies， five piano pieces， and an opera！ ③He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827... ④As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page， Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time. ⑤Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster. ⑥After all， what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra — even if he is a musical genius？ ⑦The theatre’s musical director， Michael Umlauf， joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra. ⑧For more than an hour， Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra， waving his arms wildly in the air， and madly turning the pages of his score. 【我的发现】 1.-er， -or， -ness， -ion， -ance等是　动词　变　名词　的后缀，如句①③⑤⑥⑦。 2.-ing是动词变　形容词　的后缀，如句②。 3.-al是名词变　形容词　的后缀，如句⑥。 4.-ly是形容词变　副词　的后缀，如句④⑧。 　　了解构词法知识是词汇学习的重要途径，同时也是扩大词汇量的一个重要方法。英语中构词法主要分为派生法、转化法和合成法。牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识，不仅有助于提高对生词的辨识能力，而且可以运用到语法填空对于词形转化的考查中。 　　在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法叫作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀为前缀，加在词根之后的为后缀。 一、动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -al approve→approval赞成；批准 arrive→arrival到来；到达 survive→survival幸存 propose→proposal提议；建议 -ance appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；节目 -ence exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考；查阅 -ion attract→attraction吸引 construct→construction建设 educate→education教育 evaluate→evaluation评估 graduate→graduation毕业 complete→completion 完成 -ation expect→expectation期待；期望 explain→explanation解释 consider→consideration考虑 imagine→imagination想象力 starve→starvation饥饿 invite→invitation邀请；请柬 -（s）sion discuss→discussion讨论；辩论 decide→decision决定 admit→admission接纳；准许入学 -ing hear→hearing听力；听觉 begin→beginning开始 -ment achieve→achievement功绩；成就 argue→argument争论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip→equipment设备 -ure fail→failure失败的事；失败 press→pressure压力 -ture mix→mixture混合；混合物 depart→departure离开；出发 -y recover→recovery恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery发现 其他 grow→growth成长；发展 choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化；种类 tend→tendency趋向；趋势 【即时演练1】　用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①（2024·全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed （承诺） to promote the idea at the 　completion　 （complete） of their journey. ②Her parents gave their 　approval　 （approve） for her to study abroad. ③The beautiful scenery is a major 　attraction　 （attract） for tourists visiting the area. ④The parents have high 　expectations　 （expect） for their children’s academic achievements. ⑤She received an 　invitation　 （invite） to attend a friend’s wedding. ⑥They held a 　discussion　 （discuss） on the impact of technology on society. ⑦Regular exposure to loud noises can damage your 　hearing　 （hear）. ⑧The athlete’s 　achievement　 （achieve） in breaking the world record was celebrated by the entire nation. 二、动词、名词变形容词的后缀 后缀 例词 -able accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的 reason→reasonable有道理的 -al music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 person→personal个人的；私人的 centre→central中央的；中心的 nature→natural自然的；天生的 form→formal正式的 nation→national全国的 -ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 peace→peaceful和平的 care→careful仔细的 use→useful有用的 help→helpful有帮助的 -ed scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 puzzle→puzzled迷惑的 worry→worried担心的 bore→bored感到厌倦的 excite→excited激动的；兴奋的 underline→underlined加下划线的 -ing surprise→surprising令人惊讶的 convince→convincing令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying令人满意的 worry→worrying令人担心的 bore→boring令人厌烦的 -ible access→accessible容易到达的 horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的 -ive act→active积极的；活跃的 effect→effective有效的；生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive有教育意义的 expense→expensive昂贵的 -ous continue→continuous不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的 humour→humorous幽默的 -some tire→tiresome令人厌烦的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的 -y taste→tasty美味的；可口的 health→healthy健康的 wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的 dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的 rain→rainy有雨的 sun→sunny阳光明媚的 cloud→cloudy阴天的 -ern east→eastern东方的；向东的 west→western西方的；向西的 -ish child→childish孩子气的 fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish自私的 -ic science→scientific科学的 economy→economic经济的 history→historic历史上著名的 -ary imagine→imaginary想象中的 second→secondary从属的；次要的 【即时演练2】　用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Xiao long bao （soup dumplings）， those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot， 　tasty　 （taste） soup and sweet， fresh meat， are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. ②Smoking is 　harmful　 （harm） to your health. ③The students were 　confused　 （confuse） by the complex instructions. ④It was 　surprising　 （surprise） to see her at the event， as she rarely attends social gatherings. ⑤Exercise is an 　effective　 （effect） way to reduce stress and improve overall health. 三、表示“人”的名词后缀 在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有： 后缀 例词 -（e）r clean→cleaner清洁工 report→reporter记者 strange→stranger陌生人 -or invent→inventor发明家 visit→visitor游客 direct→director导演 -ar lie→liar说谎者，骗子 beg→beggar乞讨者，乞丐 -ee employ→employee雇员 interview→interviewee参加面试者 train→trainee受训者，学员 -（r）ess host→hostess女主人 act→actress女演员 -ian music→musician音乐家 politics→politician政治家 history→historian历史学家 -ist art→artist艺术家 science→scientist科学家 piano→pianist钢琴家 -ant serve→servant仆人 participate→participant参加者 assist→assistant助手，助理 【即时演练3】　用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①We should show our appreciation to the 　cleaner　（clean） who works hard to maintain the cleanliness of our environment. ②The 　visitor　 （visit） was impressed by the natural beauty of the scenic spot. ③The 　employee　（employ） was praised for his outstanding performance and dedication to his work. ④As a talented 　musician　（music）， she can play several instruments skilfully. ⑤As a 　participant　 （participate） in the marathon， she trained hard to improve her endurance. 四、变动词的前缀和后缀 词缀 例词 前缀 en- able→enable 使能够 large→enlarge 扩大 rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富 danger→endanger 危及 courage→encourage 鼓励 词缀 例词 后缀 -en broad→broaden 使变宽 ripe→ripen 使成熟 sharp→sharpen 使尖锐 wide→widen 加宽 short→shorten 变短 deep→deepen 加深 dark→darken 使变暗 hard→harden 使变硬 -ify pure→purify 净化 just→justify 证明……正当 simple→simplify 简化 beauty→beautify 美化 -ise apology→apologise 道歉 emphasis→emphasise 强调 memory→memorise 记住 real→realise 认识到；实现 【即时演练4】　用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①This scholarship will 　enable　 （able） me to further my education and pursue my dreams. ②Travelling abroad can help 　broaden　 （broad） your horizons and deepen your understanding of different cultures. ③It’s hard to 　justify　 （just） the high price of the product given its poor quality. ④She 　apologised　（apology） to her friend for not being able to attend her birthday party. ⑤When I failed the exam， my head teacher always had a face-to-face talk with me to 　encourage　 （courage） me. ⑥In order to solve the problem of heavy traffic， the local government decided to 　widen　 （wide） the main street. 五、表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀 词缀 例词 前缀 dis- agree→disagree 不同意 advantage→disadvantage 不利条件 appear→disappear 消失 comfort→discomfort 不舒服 honest→dishonest 不诚实的 il- legal→illegal 不合法的 logical→illogical 不合逻辑的 im- polite→impolite 无礼的 patient→impatient 不耐烦的 moral→immoral 不道德的 in- formal→informal 非正式的 convenient→inconvenient 不方便的 direct→indirect 间接的 前缀 ir- regular→irregular 不规则的 responsible→irresponsible不负责任的 mis- lead→mislead 误导 understand→misunderstand 误解 un- usual→unusual 不寻常的 willing→unwilling 不愿意的 happy→unhappy 不高兴的 known→unknown 不出名的 后缀 -less hope→hopeless 绝望的 end→endless 没完没了的 care→careless 粗心的 help→helpless 无助的 use→useless 无用的 【即时演练5】　用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①Wearing tight shoes can cause 　discomfort　 （comfort） and even lead to foot problems. ②It is 　impolite　 （polite） to interrupt someone while they are speaking. ③It’s 　unusual　 （usual） for him to be late to work； he must have met with some problems. ④It is 　illegal　 （legal） to sell cigarettes and wine to teenagers in most countries all over the world. ⑤If it is 　inconvenient　 （convenient） to you， let’s make it another day. ⑥He was so 　careless　 （care） that he made a lot of mistakes in the test. ⑦One 　disadvantage　 （advantage） of living in the countryside is the poor quality of education. ⑧If you are not lucky enough， you are likely to be tricked by some 　dishonest　 （honest） sellers into buying fake goods. ⑨Sometimes formal English and 　informal　 （formal） English must be carefully distinguished. ⑩It is 　irresponsible　 （responsible） to let small children go out alone when it’s dark. 维度一：基础题型练 1.用所给单词的适当形式填空。 ①France is well known for its art， 　tasty　 （taste） food and romantic scenery. ②Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road， in order to promote environmental 　protection　 （protect）. ③Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 　meaningful　 （meaning）. ④With the 　development　 （develop） of industry， air pollution is getting more and more serious. ⑤Besides， Chinese has always been my 　strength　 （strong） among all the subjects. ⑥You can keep 　healthy　 （health） by eating well and exercising regularly. ⑦Chinese New Year is a 　celebration　 （celebrate） marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. ⑧The 　beautiful　 （beauty） long branches covered with pink-coloured buds （蓓蕾） make fantastic decorations. 2.用构词法知识进行同义句改写。 ⑨What amazed me was that he was the bravest among the three. →To my 　amazement　， he was the bravest among the three. →I was 　amazed　 that he was the bravest among the three. ⑩I think he is able to communicate with others with fluency. →I think he has the 　ability　 to communicate with others 　fluently　. ⑪The man apologised to his mother for his impolite behaviour. →The man made an 　apology　 to his mother for his impolite behaviour. ⑫The girl is not willing to admit that she is not honest. →The girl is 　unwilling　 to admit that she is 　dishonest　. ⑬The girl doesn’t like the toy car because she has a curiosity about the doll. →The girl 　dislikes　 the toy car because she is 　curious　 about the doll. 维度二：语法与写作 1.Every one of us can 　make a contribution to our class　 if you make an effort.（contribute） 如果你努力， 我们每个人都可以为我们的班级作出贡献。 2.Many people have expressed their dissatisfaction 　with that arrangement　.（arrange） 许多人对那个安排表示不满。 3.Most of the travel I’ve done has indeed brought 　lasting happiness and satisfaction　.（satisfy） 我所做的大多数旅行确实带来了持久的快乐和满足。 4.There are countless articles telling us how the Internet 　has made our lives more convenient　.（convenience） 有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活变得更方便。 5.　We were all shocked at the news　 of his death.（shock） 听到他去世的消息，我们都很震惊。 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $