UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦状语从句复习这一核心知识点，系统梳理时间、条件、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步等九类状语从句的连词用法、结构特点及区分要点，通过“阅读体会-归纳发现-分类讲解-即时演练”的学习支架，构建从感知到应用的完整学习脉络。 该资料以真实语境例句为依托，通过“我的发现”环节引导学生自主归纳从句类型，培养思维品质。即时演练与词汇拓展（如resign、guilty等词的用法及练透、写美练习）结合，提升语言能力，课中辅助教师分层教学，课后助力学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 状语从句复习 阅读下列句子并体会加黑部分连词的用法。 1.He knew that if he came back， he could help advance science in China. 2.When he had to go away on business， he always chose the midnight flight so that he did not miss any work in the daytime. 3.Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to his country. 4.Since he spent so much time on work， he was unable to see his family very often. 5.In fact， he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health. 6.Although he spent many years in the UK，Huang’s heart never left his homeland. 【我的发现】 （1）句1是　　　　状语从句； （2）句2是　　　　状语从句； （3）句3是　　　　状语从句； （4）句4是　　　　状语从句； （5）句5是　　　　状语从句； （6）句6是　　　　状语从句。 　　状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句和地点状语从句九种。 一、时间状语从句 1.when、while与as引导的时间状语从句 连词 从句谓语动词 用法 when 延续性动词或非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生 while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，意为“一边……一边……；随着” When you apply for a job，you must present your application. 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的申请表。 When/While the teacher paraphrased the text，the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。 As it gets warmer and warmer， the trees begin to come to life. 随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。 2.before与since引导的时间状语从句 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前；还未……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及…… it will be＋一段时间＋before ...“过……（时间）才……” it won’t be long before ... “不久就……” it was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了……（时间）才……” since 自从……以来 it is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...（从句用一般过去时）“自从……以来已经有……（时间）了” Before they reached the house，a new great wave came， sweeping them down too. 在他们到达那所房子之前，又一波巨浪袭来，将他们也卷走了。 It will be half a year before I come back. 要过半年我才能回来。 It won’t be long before we meet again. 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 It is/has been five years since he left. 自从他离开已经五年了。 3.表示“一……就……”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句 （1）引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly，hardly/scarcely ...when，no sooner ...than ...等。 I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport. 我一到机场就给你打电话。 I will go there directly/immediately/instantly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我将立即到那里去。 The instant/moment/minute the bell rang， the students rushed out of the classroom. 铃一响，学生们就冲出了教室。 （2）在hardly/scarcely ...when，no sooner ...than ...中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner ...和hardly/scarcely ...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had I sat down when the phone rang. 我刚坐下电话就响了。 No sooner had the game started than it began to rain. 比赛一开始就下起了雨。 4.until与till引导的时间状语从句 （1）until与till引导时间状语从句的区别 连词 位置 用法 until 可以放在句首 not ...until可用于强调句 till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句 （2）until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词；用于否定句时，表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。 （3）not until置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 They waited until/till I returned. 他们一直等着，直到我回来。 He didn’t leave the office until he finished all the work. 直到完成所有工作，他才离开办公室。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。 Not until she saw the present did she feel happy. 直到看到礼物她才感到高兴。 5.引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词（短语） （1）其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after，whenever，every time，each time，next time，the first/last time，any time，by the time，the day/year等。 Next time you come to Beijing， you must visit the Great Wall. 下次你来北京，一定要去参观长城。 Every time I express an opinion， she always argues back. 每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。 （2）by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。 By the time you come back， we will have finished the job. 等你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。 By the time I arrived at the station， the train had already left. 当我到达车站的时候，火车已经开走了。 【即时演练1】　单句语法填空 ①　　　　　　 I was watching TV， my sister was doing her homework in the next room. ②It was some time 　　　　　　the noise outside stopped and I could fall asleep. ③The little boy didn’t stop crying 　　　　　his mother bought him an ice cream. ④No sooner had the car stopped 　　　　　　a group of children surrounded it. 二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句 1.地点状语从句 地点状语从句常由where， wherever等引导，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。where与wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。 Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 The explorers will set up their tents wherever they find a suitable place. 探险家们会在他们找到合适地方的任何地方搭建帐篷。 2.条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词（短语）有if，only if，unless，as/so long as，in case，once，on condition that，provided/providing （that），supposing/suppose （that），assuming that等。 You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 As long as you keep practicing， your English will improve gradually. 只要你坚持练习，你的英语就会逐渐提高。 Supposing that they refuse us， who else can we turn to for help？ 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁呢？ 3.在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。 In case there is a fire， what will we do first？ 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？ 【即时演练2】　完成句子 ①　　　　　　　　， you can see the beautiful scenery clearly. 在你站的地方，你能清楚地看到美丽的风景。 ②　　　　　　　　， you should keep it. 一旦你做出承诺，就应该遵守。 ③Take an umbrella with you 　　　　　　　. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。 三、原因状语从句和目的状语从句 1.because/as/since/now （that）引导的原因状语从句 连词 （短语） 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调 because 主句前或后 直接原因 强 能 能 as 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now （that） 通常位于主句前 I like this book because it tells interesting stories. 我喜欢这本书，因为它讲述了有趣的故事。 I can’t go with you， as I have a lot of work to do. 我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 Now that/Since everyone is here， we can begin our discussion. 既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 2.in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句中常含有can，could，may，might等情态动词。 We set out early in order that we could catch the first train. 我们早早出发，以便能赶上第一班火车。 My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that he might keep up with times. 我的老父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代的步伐。 3.for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句一般要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“（should＋）动词原形”。 He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he （should） forget it. 他把名字写下来以免忘记。 【即时演练3】　完成句子 ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we can go on a trip. 既然天气已经好转，我们可以去旅行了。 ②My mother turned down the TV volume 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 我妈妈把电视音量调小了，以便我能专注学习。 ③He didn’t tell his parents the truth 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 他没有告诉父母真相，怕他们会担心他。 四、结果状语从句 1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that，so ...that ...， such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ...that ...，such ...that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，其结构为： so＋＋that从句 such＋＋that从句 She was so tired that she fell asleep immediately. 她太累了，以至于立刻就睡着了。 There are so many things in the shop that it is difficult to know what to buy. 商店里的东西太多，不知道买什么好。 Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him. ＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。 2.为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such之后，that之前的内容置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions. 他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。 【即时演练4】　单句语法填空 ①They are 　　　　kind people that everyone likes them. ②The book is 　　　　interesting that I can’t put it down. ③Everybody lent a hand 　　　　that the work was finished ahead of time. 五、让步状语从句 1.although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句 （1）although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序； as也可以引导让步状语从句，常用于倒装句型，即要把从句中作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词置于句首，若表语是单数可数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 Although/Though he may be troubled， he always presents a calm smiling face. 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。 Much as/though I have traveled， I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John. 虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。 Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，他却帮助我很多。 （2）although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。 （3）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems， I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。 2.even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 I’ll do it， even if/though it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做这件事，即使它花去我整个下午的时间。 3.“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句 （1）“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋-ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。 Don’t trust him， no matter what/whatever he says. 无论他说什么都不要相信他。 （2）whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。 4.whether ...or （not） ...引导的让步状语从句 We’ll go on with the work， whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot. 不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。 【即时演练5】　单句语法填空 ①　　　　　　 you are， you must follow the rules. ②Hard 　　　　　　they tried， they couldn’t solve the problem. ③　　　　　　 matter where you go， I will always support you. ④　　　　　　　　 it was raining heavily， he still went to work on time. 六、其他状语从句 状语从句类型 从属连词 方式状语从句 as、 as if、as though 比较状语从句 as ...as、not as/so ...as、比较级＋than He is taller than any other student in our school. 他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。 【即时演练6】　单句语法填空 ①This problem is more difficult 　　　　　　that one. ②To be honest，the movie is not 　　　　　　exciting as I expected. ③She talked about Rome as if she 　　　　　（be） there before. 七、状语从句的省略 1.时间、让步、方式、地点状语从句的省略 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it，且从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 While （I was） in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. 在北京时，我参观了颐和园。 The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though （she was） angry. 这位女老师沉默地离开了教室，好像生气了。 Though （it was） cold，he still wore a shirt. 虽然天气冷，但他仍然穿了一件衬衫。 2.条件状语从句的省略 （1）在if it is possible，if it is necessary，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常省略。 Come tomorrow if （it is） possible. 如果可能的话就明天来吧。 Unless （it is） necessary，you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 如果不是必要，你最好不要查词典。 （2）在虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有had/were/should，则可省略if，把had/were/should提至句首引起倒装。 Were I（＝If I were） twenty now，I would join the army. 如果我现在二十岁，我就参军。 Had you come（＝If you had come） yesterday，you would have met her. 如果你昨天来，你就见到她了。 Should there be（＝If there should be） a flood，what should we do？ 万一发生洪水，我们该怎么办？ 【即时演练7】　单句语法填空 ①He often makes mistakes when 　　　　　（speak） English. ②　　　　 （be） they to discover the secret， all our efforts would be in vain. 1.resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；听任，顺从 教材原句　Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.最终，他辞去了在英国的职位，回到中国，在长春的吉林大学工作。 【用法】 （1）resign from　从……辞职 resign as 辞去（某职务） resign one’s post/position 辞职 resign oneself to 听任，顺从，只好接受，使自己安于…… （2）resignation n. 辞职；辞呈；辞职信 a letter of resignation 一封辞职信 【佳句】　He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job. 他从这家公司辞职以便能够从事更有挑战性的工作。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He had to resign 　　　　　　（he） to the fact that he failed the exam and planned to study harder next time. ②Ten years ago， he resigned 　　　　　　a company in Beijing and went to Shenzhen to set up his own company. ③The boss was shocked when he received a letter of 　　　　　　（resign） from his most capable employee. 【写美】　完成句子 ④The manager 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　due to health problems. 那位经理由于健康问题辞去了部门主管的职务。 2.guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 教材原句　Lily was not happy about the photos， though.“I was feeling guilty because I was cheating my fans，” she said. 不过，莉莉对这些照片并不满意。“我感到内疚，因为我欺骗了我的粉丝，”她说。 【用法】 （1）feel guilty about/at　　　对……感到内疚 （2）be guilty of （doing） sth 犯有……错误的；犯有……罪行的 （3）guilt n. 内疚，罪行；罪责 【佳句】　The police declared that he was guilty of hurting the little girl， which turned out to be a lie.However， the guys who accused him didn’t feel guilty about what they did to him. 警方宣布他伤害小女孩有罪，结果这是一个谎言。然而，那些指控他的人并没有对他所做的一切感到内疚。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I feel really guilty 　　　　　　forgetting her birthday again. ②What greatly stunned me was that he was guilty 　　　　　　a crime and was put in prison. ③She had feelings of 　　　　　　（guilty） about leaving her children and going to work. 【写美】　完成句子 ④The man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and was sentenced to two years in prison. 这名男子被判盗窃罪，被判处两年监禁。 3.ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 教材原句　I was so ashamed of myself.我为自己感到羞愧。 【用法】 （1）be/feel ashamed of sb/sth 为某人/某事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事；因惭愧而不情愿做某事 （2）shame n.　　羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt. 使羞愧；使丢脸 to one’s shame　　　　　令某人惭愧的是 it’s a shame that/to do ... 真可惜…… （3）shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的 shameless adj. 无耻的；没廉耻的 【佳句】　 You should be ashamed of your bad behavior in public. 你应该为你在公共场合的不良行为感到羞愧。 【点津】　ashamed意为“感到羞耻的，觉得惭愧的”，表示主语主观认为是可耻的，只能作表语；shameful表示事物本身的客观性质是“可耻的”，可作表语或定语。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The boy was 　　　　　　（shame） to tell his mother that he had failed again. ②She felt ashamed 　　　　　　her son when he lied to the teacher. ③　　　　　　 her shame， she gained back all the weight she’d lost. ④It’s 　　　　　　shame to waste so much food when many people are still hungry. 【写美】　一句多译 ⑤我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。 （心理描写） →I was 　　　　　　　　　　　　as if a knife were being twisted in my heart，tears clouding my eyes. （so ...that ...） →　　　　　　　　　 as if a knife were being twisted in my heart，tears clouding my eyes. （倒装） 4.forgive vt.& vi. （forgave， forgiven） 原谅，宽恕；免除（债务） 教材原句　I hope my fans can forgive me. 我希望我的粉丝们能原谅我。 【用法】 （1）forgive sb sth　　　　原谅某人某事 forgive one’s doing sth 原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb for （doing） sth 原谅某人（做了）某事 forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌，不念旧恶 （2）forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕 ask/beg/pray for （sb’s） forgiveness 请求/祈求（某人的）宽恕【佳句】　It is also a virtue to forgive and forget， especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 不计前嫌也是一种美德，尤其是在竞争如此激烈、压力如此沉重的社会中。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Forgive me 　　　　　　interrupting， but I really don’t agree with that. ②She finally found the courage to ask for his 　　　　　　（forgive）， hoping to mend their broken relationship. ③The old couple 　　　　　　（forgive） each other’s past mistakes and decided to spend the rest of their lives together. 【写美】　完成句子 ④They 　　　　　　　　　　　　after their heated argument， strengthening their friendship. 他们在激烈争吵后决定摒弃前嫌，这也加深了他们的友谊。 5.disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的 教材原句　Frankly speaking， I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could. 说实话，我是失望的，但我还是尽量让自己笑容满面。 【用法】 （1）be disappointed at/by sth　对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望 be disappointed to find/see/hear ...失望地发现/看到/听说…… （2）disappointing adj. 令人失望的，令人沮丧的 （3）disappoint vt. 使人失望 （4）disappointment n. 失望；让人失望的人或事 in disappointment 失望地 to one’s disappointment使某人失望的是 【佳句】　They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. 他们对比赛结果极为失望。 （人教必修三Unit 4）These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed， but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When Mary heard the bad news， a look of 　　　　　（disappoint） flashed across her face. ②We were all disappointed 　　　　　　（learn） that the picnic had been cancelled. ③The 　　　　　　（disappoint） news that he failed in the exam made him in low spirits. ④There was a 　　　　　　（disappoint） look on David’s face when he knew he didn’t pass the driving test. 【写美】　句式升级 ⑤To my disappointment， only 18％ of the students choose to learn through reading books. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that only 18％ of the students choose to learn through reading books.（disappoint v.） →Only 18％ of the students choose to learn through reading books， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（disappointed adj.） 6.pretend vi.& vt. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 教材原句　Then I walked away， pretending not to have heard anything. 然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。 【用法】 pretend to be＋名词/形容词　假装是…… pretend to do sth 假装要做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装已做过某事 pretend （to sb） that 假装…… 【佳句】　She opened a book， pretending to read， with tears dropping on the open page. 她打开一本书，假装在看书，眼泪掉在打开的那一页上。 （读后续写之心理描写） 【点津】　pretend后接动词不定式时，一定要注意动词不定式时态的变化。根据句意可用一般式、进行式或完成式。类似用法的动词还有happen，appear，seem，claim等。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending 　　　　　　（be） asleep. ②To ease my embarrassment，I pretended 　　　　　（read） when my mother entered. ③When I am faced with difficulties in learning， I won’t pretend 　　　　　　　　（know）it， but turn to my classmates or teachers. 【写美】　句式升级 ④She pretended she didn’t know me when we met in the street， which really upset me. →She 　　　　　　　　　　　　when we met in the street， which really upset me. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅱ 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 【重难语法·要攻克】 我的发现 （1）条件　（2）时间　（3）地点　（4）原因　（5）结果　（6）让步 即时演练1 ①When/While　②before　③until 　④than 即时演练2 ①Where you are standing　②Once you make a promise　③in case it rains 即时演练3 ①Now （that） the weather has improved　②in order that I might focus on my study　③ for fear that they would worry about him 即时演练4 ①such　②so　③so 即时演练5 ①Whoever　②as/though　③No　④Although/Though/While 即时演练6 ①than　②as/so　③had been 即时演练7 ①speaking　②Were 【核心知识·巧突破】 1.①himself　②from　③resignation　④resigned as the head of the department 2.①about/at　②of　③guilt　④was found guilty of theft 3.①ashamed　②of　③To　④a　⑤so ashamed that I felt； So ashamed was I that I felt 4.①for　②forgiveness　③forgave　④decided to forgive and forget 5.①disappointment　②to learn　③disappointing ④disappointed　⑤What disappoints me； which made me disappointed 6.①to be　②to be reading　③to have known　④pretended not to know me 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $