Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility Grammar and usage 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

选择性必修四U1 Honesty and responsibility第一课时复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习选择性必修四U1 Reading---Grammar usage中重点词汇用法； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 选择性必修四U1 Honesty and responsibility Part one Reading After Twenty Years二十年后 1.The policeman on the beat walked along the street as he always did.巡逻的警察像往常一样沿街走着。 ....as he always did----as引导方式状语从句，意为“像……那样；正如……”。从句通常用省略句 【归纳】as引导的其他状语从句 ①时间状语从句“当....;一边.....一边....;随着......” ②原因状语从句“既然，由于” ③让步状语从句“尽管” ④比较状语从句，用于as/so....as或not as/so....as中 When in Rome, do as the Romans do.(谚语)入乡随俗。(方式状语从句) The boy was singing a song as he was cycling.这个男孩边骑车边唱歌。(时间状语从句) As you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.既然你身体不舒服，你可以待在家里。(原因状语从句) 【注意】 as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，即“名词/形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as＋主语＋系动词/助动词”结构(注意：表语为可数名词，去掉冠词再前置)。 Little boy as he is, he knows a lot.他虽然年轻，但懂得很多 完成句子 ①不必改变自己——你这样很好。 You don't have to change yourself—you are fine just ________________． ②他的英语说得不如你流利。 He doesn't speak English __________________________． (2)翻译 尽管年纪大了，但他依然精力充沛。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2.It was barely ten o'clock at night. When he had walked about halfway around a certain block, the policeman suddenly slowed down.In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth. 当时还不到晚上十点。当他绕着某个街区走了大约一半时，警察突然放慢了脚步。一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄烟。 (1)barely adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才---bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；无遮盖的 (2)In the doorway of a store stood a man---本句是介词短语置于句首的完全倒装句 【归纳】完全倒装 ①表示方位或时间的状语或表语置于句首 ②so+adj.+that结构置于句首 Into the room came the teacher.老师走进了房间。 Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了恶战。 So hungry was he that he could eat up a whole cow.他已经饿到能吃掉一整头牛了 (3)with an unlit cigar in his mouth---“with＋n.＋介词短语”是with的复合结构 【归纳用法】with+n./pron.+宾补 ①with +sb/sth+doing(表示主动意义，强调动作正在进行) ②with +sb/sth+done(表示被动意义，强调动作的完成) ③with +sb/sth+to do(表示尚未发生的动作) ④with +sb/sth+adj./adv./prep.(表示状态) The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her.她的妈妈站在她的身后，这个女孩儿感到很安全。 With his homework finished ahead of time, he was happy to watch a film.作业提前做完了，他高兴地看了一场电影。 With no one to turn to, he managed to solve the problem himself.没有人能求助，他自己设法解决了这个问题 单句语法填空 (1)Her income was ________ (bare) enough to maintain one child, let alone three. (2)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes ________ (fix) on the ceiling. (3)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock). (4)He was __________(bare) 20 years old and already running his own company. 完成句子 ①我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。(全部倒装) Next door to ours ____________________, who seem to have settled into life in China. ②有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起的喊叫声。(全部倒装) For a moment nothing happened; ________________ all shouting together. ③一切都准备好了，汤姆相信他会成功的。(with宾补结构) ____________________, Tom believed he could succeed. ④因为有很多工作要做，不允许他外出。(with宾补结构) ____________________, he wasn't allowed to go out. 3.It's an appointment made twenty years ago. There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—‘Big Joe’ Brady's restaurant.”“It was torn down then.” 这是二十年前定下的一个约定。这家店的位置以前有一家餐馆——‘大乔’布雷迪餐厅。”“后来它被拆掉了。” (1)appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务 【归纳用法】 ①make/have an appointment with sb.与某人约会 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 by appointment 按约定，按约定时间 ②appoint vt.约定；指定(时间、地点等)，任命；委任 appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sth for sth 为某事确定日期、场所等 appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事 ③appointed adj.约定的；指定的 I have an appointment with my old friend this Sunday. 这个星期天我和我的老朋友有个约会。 It's a great honor for him to be appointed as/to be sales manager of the company.被任命为公司的销售经理，他感到很荣幸。 Some staff were appointed to negotiate with the company for the means of payment at the appointed time.一些职员被派去在约定时间和那家公司就支付方式进行协商 (2)There used to be a restaurant where this store stands-----where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a restaurant (3)tear down 拆毁，拆除 【归纳用法】 ①tear down 拆毁,拆除 tear up撕毁,撕碎 tear off撕下,扯掉 tear...into/to pieces把...撕成碎片 ②burst into tears突然大哭 in tears流泪地 wear and tear磨损，消耗 They are going to tear down these old buildings and build some new ones.他们打算拆掉这些旧住房，建一些新楼房。 Tear off the gift's price tag, no matter how expensive it is. 不管礼物多贵都要撕掉价签。 She burst into tears and ran from the kitchen. 她突然哭起来，跑出了厨房 单句语法填空 (1)Zhang Zheng was appointed ________ captain of China's first aircraft carrier “Liaoning”． (2)I was appointed ________ (take) charge of arranging all the activities on that day. (3)It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner ________ (appoint) with my friend. (4) ________(appoint)as president of the university yesterday, he is giving a speech on the platform now. (5)I regret to tell you that I can’t go for a walk in Haidian Park together with you at the ________ (appoint) time this weekend (6)So after shouting and screaming for an hour she walked out ________ tears. (7)If you tear the paper ________ four pieces, we can each have something to write on. (8)She burst ________tears, releasing all her pent－up emotions. (9)These now are the walls we must tear________. (10)We are in a position ________ we may lose a great deal of money. (11)Students should involve themselves in community activities _______ they can get experience for growth. (12)I had reached a point ________ I needed to decide which way to go. 4.The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale face, with keen eyes, a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow. 门口那个男人划了根火柴，点燃了雪茄烟。火光映出一张苍白的脸，一双锐利的眼睛，一个方下巴，在他右边眉毛附近还有一道白色的小伤疤 (1)strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck) 突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴) n.罢工；袭击；击，打 【归纳用法】 ①sth. strike sb. =sth. hit sb. 某人突然想到某事 It strikes/struck sb. that ...主语从句 =It occurs/occurred to sb. that ..... 某人突然想到.... =It hits/hit sb that ... sb. be struck by sth. 意识到...；被....所打动；被....击中；被.....撞倒 sth./sb. strike sb. as + n./adj. 给某人留下某种印象 strike sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位 击打某人的某一部位 strike against.... 为反对......而罢工 ②be (out) on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 launch a strike on/against ... 发动对......的袭击 An awful thought has just struck me. 刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。 I was struck by her resemblance to my aunt. 我猛然发现/惊讶于她长得跟我姑姑很像。 It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. 我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。 strike sb. on the shoulder/head 打某人的肩膀/头 strike a match on a wall在墙上擦火柴 The clock has just struck three. 时钟刚刚敲过三点 (2)keen adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于 【归纳短语】 be keen to do sth 渴望做某事 be keen that.... 渴望...... be keen on doing sth 热衷于做某事 be keen on..... 喜欢....；对.....有兴趣 单句语法填空 (1)The first time he met the girl he (strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her. (2)It is reported that the workers have been strike for three days. (3)It struck me he was on business in Shanghai. (4)She strikes me a very efficient person. (5)His father struck him _____the head with a book. (6)I was struck his inspiring words, and I decided to cooperate with him. (7)The workers are coming out _______ strike for higher wages. (8)It struck her she should adopt the homeless child. (9)The government is keen ________ peace talks to start again. 5.The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to make my fortune. 第二天早上，我就要离开纽约，出发去西部发财。 (1)be to do..... ①表示注定要发生的事，相当于must或have to ②预先安排好的计划或约定 ③表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情感意义 The prize-giving ceremony is to be held from 15：00 to 17：00 on June 18.颁奖仪式将在6月18日15：00至17：00举行。(计划) You are to arrive at the spot before five this afternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前到达现场。(命令) (2)make one's fortune 发财 【归纳短语】 seek/try one’s fortune找出路/碰运气 make a fortune发财；赚钱 have the good fortune to do sth.有幸做某事 单句语法填空 (1)The president is reported (visit)China next week. (2)The medicine is three times a day.(take) (3)The invention of the Internet is the way we communicate with each other.(change) (4)She decided to leave Xi'an to Hainan to make ________ (she) fortune. (5)Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of making fortune without hard work. (6)I had the good fortune (pay) a visit to the exhibition of students’ traditional Chinese painting held in our school. 6.Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. 哦，那天晚上我们约定，二十年后的同一日期、同一时间，我们将再次在此相聚，不管我们的处境将会如何，也不管来的路程会有多远。 ....., no matter what our conditions might be.......----no matter what 引导让步状语从句 【注意】no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m), no matter when, no matter where,no matter how只引导让步状语从句 No matter when she is in trouble, he is there for her.每当她有困难的时候，他都会出现在她身边 No matter which road you take, it will lead you to the station.无论你走哪一条路都会到车站 单句语法填空 (1)No matter questions I asked her, she just remained silent. (2)No matter ________ late it is, his mother is always waiting for him. (3)No matter of them you may choose, the quality will be the same. 7.“Well, we kept in touch for a year or two, and then we lost contact. But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive, for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world. “哦，我们保持了一两年的联系，然后就失去联系了。但是我知道如果吉米还活着就一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是这个世界上最真诚、最可靠的伙伴。 (1)lose contact 失去联系 (2)for he always was the truest...----for 引导原因状语从句 (3)reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 【归纳用法】 ①reliable information 可靠的信息 reliable reputation 信誉可靠 ②rely vi.依靠；依赖 rely on/upon sb/sth (to do).依赖某人/物做.... rely on (doing) sth 信赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that...指望……；相信…… We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard－working.我们正在寻找那个可靠的努力工作的人。 He can rely on my support when the crunch comes.关键时刻他会得到我的支持的。 You may rely on it that she won't be late.你可以放心，她不会迟到的。 【注意】当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, depend/rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句 单句语法填空 (1)I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and more ________ (rely) than television. (2)As far as I'm concerned, he never breaks his word; you can rely on ________ that he'll come to meet you on time. (3)These days we rely heavily on computers ________ (organize) our work. (4)I've lost contact ________ most of my school friends. 8.I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight, and it's worthwhile if my old partner turns up.” 我千里迢迢赶过来，就是为了今晚能站在这个门口，如果我的老伙计出现，那一切都是值得的。” worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的(教材P2) I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight, and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up. 【归纳用法】 (1)be worthwhile doing/to do...值得做某事 It is worthwhile that.... 值得..... (2)worth adj.有....价值；值....钱 n.价格，价值；重要性 be (well)worth doing.... (很)值得做...... be worth sth. 值.....钱 (3)worthy adj.值得尊敬的，值得.....的 be worthy of sth 值得/配得上某物 be worthy of being done(某事)值得被做 The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.她脸上的笑容使得这一切都非常值得。 It is worthwhile to buy/buying this diamond ring to celebrate parents' 30th wedding anniversary. 为了庆祝父母结婚30周年，买这枚钻石戒指是值得的。 It's a trivial matter and not worth fighting about. 这是一桩小事，不值得为之争辩。 It is worthy of both serious, scholarly study and effective application. 它值得严肃，认真地学习和有效的应用。 单句语法填空 ①She is devoted to teaching career and she is really worth ________ (respect). ②It is worthwhile ________ (send) him abroad for further education. ③This science novel is well worth ________ (read). ④These stories in this column are worthy of (read), because they can relieve my stress and broaden my horizon. 9.The two men walked up the street, arm in arm. 这两个男人挽着手臂，沿街走着。 【归纳短语】 face to face 面对面 heart to heart 心连心 side by side 并排，并肩 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩，齐心协力 hand in hand手拉手，形影相随，联合 neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进 【注意】在“名词＋介词＋名词”搭配中，名词前都不用冠词 With the technology, many people are losing the opportunity to greet friends face to face.因为这项技术，很多人正失去与朋友面对面打招呼的机会。 We've worked side by side for years.我们已并肩工作有好多年了。 完成句子 ①理论应当结合实际。 Theory and practice should go ____________________． ②他们面对面地站着，互相凝视着对方。 They stood ________________, staring at each other. ③我们臂挽臂蹦蹦跳跳地沿着大街走着。 We went skipping down the street ____________________. 10.“As I suspected, you're not Jimmy Wells，” he said, impatiently with anger. “正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，”他愤怒且不耐烦地说道。 suspect vt.& vi. 疑有，觉得　n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象(教材P3) 【归纳用法】 suspect.....as/to be... 怀疑....是..... suspect.... of (doing) sth 怀疑....(做过)某事 It was suspected that...... 人们怀疑..... Never employ the man you suspect, nor suspect the man you employ.(谚语)疑人不用，用人不疑。 We all suspect her to be an actress, but no one knows her.我们猜想她是一名演员，但没有人认识她。 The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。 It was suspected that he resigned his post to travel all over the world. 人们怀疑他辞职是为了环游世界 【拓展】v.+sb+ of sth remind sb of sth inform sb of sth convince sb of sth warn sb of sth accuse sb of sth cure sb of sth rob sb of sth 单句语法填空 ①He resigned after being suspected ________ theft. ②A number of ________ (suspect) have been hauled in for questioning. ③He ________ (suspect) of taking public funds and running away. ④It is suspected he was too emotional to say a word. 11.“Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change the shape of a man's nose.”“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man, taking charge of the situation. “You've been under arrest for ten minutes, ‘Silky’ Bob. “二十年确实很长，但还没长到改变一个人鼻子的形状。” “时间有时候会把一个好人变成坏人，”高个子男人说道，他掌控住了局势。“你已经被捕十分钟了，‘滑头’鲍勃。 (1)Twenty years is a long time----时间段、距离、金钱看作整体作主语，谓语动词用单数 (2)change... into...=turn..... into... 把.....转变成 (3)take charge of..... 掌管，掌控 【注意】charge v.充电；使……承担责任；控告，指控；要价，收费 n.电量，电荷；炸药量；掌管，照管；费用，价钱；控告，指控 be charged with..... 被指控..... (4)...., taking charge of ....-----doing作伴随状语 (5)arrest n．& vt. 逮捕，拘捕(教材P3) 【归纳用法】 ①under arrest 被逮捕 make an arrest 进行逮捕 ②arrest sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事逮捕某人 be/get arrested for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而被捕 arrest one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 A suspect has been arrested for stealing.一名嫌疑人因偷窃而被捕。 An unusual noise arrested his attention. 一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了他的注意 【拓展】“under+n”类短语 under discussion 在讨论中 under consideration 在考虑中 under pressure/stress 处于压力中 under control处于控制之下 under construction 在建设中 under attack 受到攻击，遭到破坏 under guarantee 在保修期内 under protest 在抗议下 单句语法填空 (1)He got ________ (arrest) for hunting frogs in large amounts. (2)The police put the merchant ________ arrest in connection with the robbery. (3)The police have arrested almost everybody who is involved in the conflict their violence. (4)Thirty years (be) a long time, but it doesn’t mean that I will give up. (5)Three years (pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years (be) really a long time. 12.Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us. 芝加哥警方认为你可能在我们这里下车，给我们发了电报。 “情态动词+have+done”结构可表示对过去的推测和对过去的虚拟语气 (1)对过去的推测的还有： ①couldn't/ can’t have done过去不可能做过某事 ②might have done 过去有可能做了某事 ③might not have done过去有可能没做某事 (2)表示对过去的虚拟语气的有： ①should have done 过去本该做某事却没做---shouldn't have done过去本不该做某事却做了 ②would have done过去本想做但并未做---wouldn't have done过去本不想做但发生了 ③need have done过去需要做某事但却没做--needn't have done过去不必做某事但却做了 ④could have done... (肯定句)表示“本能够做……但没有做……” ⑤may have done sth. 或许做了某事 完成句子 ①He said I ___________________ something bad to deserve it. 他说我肯定是罪有应得。 ②They ___________________ it much more earlier. 他们早就应该这么做了。 ③Peter ___________________ it yesterday. 彼得昨天本不必做这件事。 ④He ___________________ such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long. 他不可能做出这样糟糕的事，让你等这么长的时间。 ⑤You ______________________ at home last Sunday，but you didn’t.上周日你本该待在家里的， 但是你没有。 ⑥You are sleepy. You _____________________ to bed late last night.你在打瞌睡。你昨晚肯定睡得很晚。 ⑦We ____________________ the match，but we were too careless.我们本可以赢得比赛， 但是我们太粗心了。 ⑧You _________________________ so much food，for there’s a lot in the fridge.你本不需要买那么多食物的，因为冰箱里有很多。 Part two Grammar　状语从句(复习) (一)时间状语从句 1.when, while, as的用法 (1)when可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作 (2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重于主句动作和从句动作相对比 (3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，意为“一边....，一边.....”或“随着” It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是半夜。 I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。 As speech develops, the child starts to string more words together.随着语言能力不断发展，孩子开始把更多的词连起来说 2.when的特殊用法 (1)be about to do....when..... 即将做....这时(突然)..... (2)be doing.....when...... 正在做....这时(突然)..... (3)be on the point of doing....when..... 正要做....这时(突然).... (4)had done.....when....... 刚做了....这时(突然).... I was about to call Tom up when he came to my house.我正想给汤姆打电话，这时他来我家了。 On Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.周五，我们正在收拾行李准备外出度周末，这时我的女儿听到了求救的呼喊。 I was on the point of giving him my address when my friend came up to us.我差点就要把地址给他了，这时我朋友走过来了。 He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。 3.表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达 包括as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ..., once等。 My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call. 我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就立刻来了。 The moment I heard the voice, I knew my father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了 【注意】no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，句子应用部分倒装。 He had hardly got home when he began to prepare supper.他一到家就开始准备晚饭。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. ＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来 4.before与since的用法 (1)It will be +一段时间+before....(从句一般现在时) 一段时间之后才..... (2)It won’t be long before..... 不久之后就...... (3)It was+一段时间+before....(从句一般过去时) 过了一段时间才.... (4)It is/has been+一段时间+since.....(从句一般过去时) 自从.....以来，已是一段时间了 It will be three years before I graduate from college.三年后我才大学毕业。 It will not be long before the inflation figure starts to fall.过不了多久，通货膨胀的数字就会开始下降。 It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。 As is reported, it is 100 years since the university was founded.据报道，自从该大学成立已经有100年了 5.until/till和not ... until的用法 (1)until/till “某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性的，主、从都为肯定式，两者可以换用，但till不可置于句首 (2)not...until....“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性，从句为肯定式 Have you heard the meeting will be put off until/till next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？ I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间，我才告诉他答案 (二)地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后；从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味 A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.很多高楼拔地而起，而在一年前，这里是一片废墟。 Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油 (三)原因状语从句 (1)because一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强，适合回答why引导的疑问句 (2)since一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由（通常被翻译成“既然”），较正式，语气比because弱 (3)as表示附带说明“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前） (4)seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), given (that), in that也可引导原因状语从句 His friends all like him just because he is handsome and successful.他的朋友们都喜欢他，只是因为他英俊而成功。 We thought that, since we were in the area, we'd stop by and see them.我们想，既然到了这个地方，就该顺便去看看他们。 As she has been ill perhaps she will need some help. 由于她病了，也许她需要一些帮助。 Considering that they are fresh from universities, they've done a pretty impressive job. 鉴于他们刚刚大学毕业，他们的工作已经相当出色了 (四)目的状语从句 (1)...in order that...=....so that....引导目的状语从句，从句要含情态动词can/should/need/could等，意为“以便...;为了.....” (2)for fear that, in case (that), lest引导目的状语从句。 ①for fear that表示“唯恐，以防...”②in case that表示“目的是，以防...”③lest表示“以防..” When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。 I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.我给了他一把钥匙，以便他随时能进来。 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。 Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨 【注意】目的状语从句中常含有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词 (五)结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有so that, so ... that ..., such ... that ... 等。在非正式语体中，由so ... that ..., such ... that ... 引导的句子中的that可以省略 He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.＝He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. 他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。 He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。 This is something where you can earn such a lot of money that there is not any risk that you will lose it.这是能赚到很多钱而没有任何亏钱风险的事 (六)条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless (＝if ... not) (除非), so/as long as (只要), in case (万一), on condition that (条件是), suppose/supposing (假设，如果), provided that (如果)等 She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。 You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。 He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country. 他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。 Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁 (七)让步状语从句 (1)由although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)引导 (2)由whether...or.... (不管....还是....)；疑问词+ever(不管....;无论.....)，no matter+疑问词(不管....;无论)引导 (3)由从属连词while, 意为“虽然，尽管” (4)由as引导时，从句要用倒装语序，though引导时则可用倒装语序或正常语序 Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。 He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.他太忙了，尽管他想陪儿子，但就是抽不出足够的时间。 One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life.一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。 While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。 Intelligent as/though you are, I suspect you will fail. 尽管你聪明，我猜想你会失败 (八)状语从句的省略 在表示时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句的主语是it，从句的谓语又含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，从而构成 “从属连词＋形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/介词短语/不定式”结构。 ①If (it is) possible, please look up the word in the dictionary.如果可能的话，请在词典里查阅那个单词。 ②While (I was) passing by the supermarket, I met my friend.路过超市时，我遇见了我的朋友。 ③Unless (I am) invited, I won't take part in the activity.除非有人邀请，否则我不会参加那个活动。 ④Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 那个陌生人面带笑容，转向我，似乎想对我说话 单句语法填空 ①It wasn't ________ 1980—32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! ②The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city ________ you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. ③________ (give) he's only sixteen years old, he is not fit for the job. ④The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters ________ that he could sign them. ⑤________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. ⑥________ Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. ⑦________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. ⑧When in an awkward atmosphere, do ________ the others do. ⑨Once ________ (complete), they would cut transport costs by up to 25%. 用适当的连词完成下面的短文 My classmate Michael studied very hard 1. he went to senior school.Every day he worked 2. everyone else in my class left the classroom.He said he wouldn’t stop trying 3. he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4. he tried，he made little progress，but he didn’t lose heart at all 5. he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day. 6． time went by，he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-together party 7. we started our new life in university.Everyone had got offers from universities,8. we had a very good time.When we stood 9. we used to play and study，we couldn’t help thinking of our happy old days.We believed we would never forget each other,10. we would go or whatever we would do. 语法填空一 China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years, 1 (kick) off with bricks made of moon soil, according to scientists related to the project, the local news agency reported. Ding Lieyun, 2 leading scientist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told local media that the first brick 3 (make) from moon soil during the Chang’e 8 mission around 2028. China has previously said its lunar base will likely be powered by nuclear energy, and will include a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover, all of 4 would be constructed by the Chang’e 6, 7 and 8 missions. It wasn’t immediately clear in the interview 5 the entire base will be built with lunar soil. “Eventually, building habitation 6 the Earth is essential not only for all humanity’s quest for space exploration, but also for China’s 7 (strategy) needs as a space power,” Ding said in a separate interview. The moon is believed 8 (contain) a source of waste-free nuclear energy that could meet global energy demands for 250 years, meaning potentially hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of resources. Yu Dengyun, from the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, provided an 9 (update) timeline for the next three Chang’e missions. Chang’e 6 will launch in 2025 to collect samples from the far side of the moon, Chang’e 7 will blast off the following year to search for water-ice, 10 Chang’e 8 should land some two years after that. 语法填空二 The Internet of Things(IoT) makes our life easier. The technology uses sensors to connect everyday appliances and devices to each other and to the Internet. Thanks to IoT-connected home devices, we can manage our home remotely, and ensure that devices 11 (turn) off. IoT can also bring 12 (convenient) to our home life. It can even achieve that when we are away. One example is someone driving home from work. 13 tiredness, this person still needs to feed the dog. IoT technology can help pour food into the dog dish. Besides, IoT-connected devices can provide entertainment for kids. For instance, smart TVs feature voice 14 (recognize). Anyone can command it to play any channel at any time. Much like a smartphone, parents can control 15 their child watches on a smart TV. We are progressing into a period known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in which IoT technology will likely change everyday habits. 16 (promise) as smart homes are, many people are concerned about the safety. A smart door can be unlocked remotely. Homes can be targeted by hackers 17 secretly monitored. Smart home companies will keep working to convince those 18 (oppose) to it. They will keep trying to advance their technology while 19 (make) it safer to use. But how it is accepted in homes around the world 20 (remain) to be seen. 阅读理解 AI, or artificial intelligence, has become increasingly popular in everyday life. Programmers code and “train” computers to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual recognition, artificial speech, and problem solving. AI algorithms(算法)work behind the scenes to customize ads and content online, and natural language processors interact and respond with users in a conversational manner. AI chatbots are now widely available and can be used for a variety of purposes . One example of an AI that may help protect individuals is “Take It Down”, a program developed by Meta to help teenagers remove unauthorized photos from the internet. While there are concerns about AI programs collecting data and invading privacy, AI automation can save time and improve efficiency in many areas, including this task that would otherwise take hours to perform manually. The current generation of AI chatbots still face limitations in fully simulating human emotions and attending to subtle variations of language cues in human conversations. The problems result from AI developers’ preference of language choices. They must continue to work on improving AI processing and linguistics for a more humanized approach. AI may also change how we approach education and tutoring. AI tutoring programs and AI-assisted mental health services could provide 24/7 accessibility for students and personalized assessments for academic, behavioral, and mental health issues. However, concerns remain over the potential misuse of AI technology for cheating and plagiarism in academic settings. Despite concerns about privacy and the sci-fi idea of AI robots taking over, AI will continue to open up new discoveries in all aspects of life. This technology carries both risks and benefits, but if used with care, it can bring positive developments while avoiding risks to livelihoods and privacy. 28.What is the main purpose of “Take It Down”? A. To perform tasks automatically. B. To protect individuals’ privacy. C. To improve work efficiency. D. To collect personal information. 29.AI technology can do the following EXCEPT A. providing mental health services. B. customizing ads and content online. C. fully simulating human emotions. D. assessing academic achievements. 30.What does the underlined word “plagiarism” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Copying. B. Writing. C. Improving. D. Protecting. 31.What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of artificial intelligence? A. Neutral. B. Tolerant. C. Negative. D. Favorable. 七选五 Modern life is evolving fast. Think about how much things have changed even in the last twenty years. 36 If anything, it’s increasing. Technology is augmenting(提高)human life in all kinds of ways. 37 Electric cars are the response to the pollution of gas vehicles. For a long time, electric vehicles were inaccessible. They were expensive and unattainable. Things have changed. Now electric automobiles are cheaper than ever. They are similarly priced as regular gas vehicles. 38 More are being installed on the streets and in parking lots. Soon electric cars will be as common as gas vehicles. It is changing our way of life by alleviating pollution. Virtual reality(VR)is a part of technological advance that will continue to change the way we live for years to come. VR will change entertainment. With a headset, you don’t just watch a video. You are a part of it. You can experience things digitally. 39 Beyond entertainment, augmented reality, when you use the organic environment with the technology, will facilitate medicine. Remote surgeries can be performed with AR on the 5G Internet. These technologies can also help terminal patients find a new state of mind. There is no shortage of the number of ways that VR and AR will change the way we live. Artificial intelligence(AI)uses machine learning to recognize patterns, create algorithms and analyze data. AI can synthesize all the information available to it. AI can excel to the optimal point in effectiveness and productivity. It is used for many different purposes. There is no end to how AI will improve human life. It isn’t just used to improve social media sites to show consumers advertisements for products they might want to buy. 40 A. This rate of change isn’t slowing down. B. It can perform all kinds of tasks out of thin air. C. Furthermore, car charging stations are more common. D. The way that we approach motor vehicles has changed. E. The technology is already being applied in many ways. F. Only time will tell if we can evolve with the technology. G. It provides immersion that is difficult to accomplish otherwise. 完形填空 More and more Africans are using text messages, emails and social media to communicate. In Senegal, educators are using new ___41___ to teach women to read. Mariama Daffe sits in front of a television at her home in a community near Senegal's capital Dakar. She is learning to write and work with numbers. Ms Daffe started this ___42___ programme a year ago. She was 39 years old at the time. The Ministry of Education created these ___43___ modules for literacy—reading and writing. The programme appears ___44___ on state television. Women taking part every day say these lessons have made them more independent. Mariama Daffe says, “These days I have my ___45___ phone, and I can read messages and I can send messages, too.” Ms Daffe finishes her lesson and starts preparing dinner for her husband and three children. She says the TV programmes are ___46___. She studies three modules a week, because she has a full­time job and travels two hours by bus every day. The home­study programmes are easy to operate and not ___47___. That makes them especially ___48___ for a place like Senegal, which has limited money to teach literacy. But some women prefer the classroom ___49___. Ten minutes down the road from Mariama Daffe's home, women write on a chalkboard at the local elementary school. Thirty­nine­year­old Astou Keita says it is never too late to ___50___. She says, “My kids ___51___ me. They think it is funny that I started learning at this age.” Mamadou Diallo is a teacher. He uses a laptop computer and a projector to prepare a(n)___52___ display wall to teach ___53___. Mr Diallo says the first time the women saw the interactive display wall, they became very interested. They could not ___54___ to try it. He asks a student to read a word problem and do the work ___55___. She then answers the mathematical problem on the wall. 41.A. concepts　 B. technologies C. skills　 D. materials 42. A. home­study B. language­study C. major­study D. classroom­study 43. A. urging　 B. coining　 C. training　 D. debating 44. A. apparently　 B. freely　 C. slowly　 D. daily 45. A. autonomous B. mobile　 C. video　 D. satellite 46. A. contemporary　 B. instructive　 C. practical D. convenient 47. A. initial　 B. costly　 C. virtual D. boring 48. A. familiar　 B. advanced　 C. useful　 D. experimental 49. A. experience　 B. condition　 C. knowledge　 D. equipment 50. A. work　 B. learn　 C. turn　 D. change 51. A. learn from　 B. depend on　 C. laugh at　 D. believe in 52. A. academic　 B. private　 C. talent　 D. interactive 53. A. painting　 B. writing　 C. maths　 D. design 54. A. wait　 B. want　 C. agree　 D. pretend 55. A. by hand　 B. in pencil　 C. on the wall　 D. with numbers ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修四U1 Honesty and responsibility第一课时复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习选择性必修四U1 Reading--Grammar usage中重点词汇用法； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 选择性必修四U1 Honesty and responsibility Part one Reading After Twenty Years二十年后 1.The policeman on the beat walked along the street as he always did.巡逻的警察像往常一样沿街走着。 ....as he always did----as引导方式状语从句，意为“像……那样；正如……”。从句通常用省略句 【归纳】as引导的其他状语从句 ①时间状语从句“当....;一边.....一边....;随着......” ②原因状语从句“既然，由于” ③让步状语从句“尽管” ④比较状语从句，用于as/so....as或not as/so....as中 When in Rome, do as the Romans do.(谚语)入乡随俗。(方式状语从句) The boy was singing a song as he was cycling.这个男孩边骑车边唱歌。(时间状语从句) As you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.既然你身体不舒服，你可以待在家里。(原因状语从句) 【注意】 as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，即“名词/形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as＋主语＋系动词/助动词”结构(注意：表语为可数名词，去掉冠词再前置)。 Little boy as he is, he knows a lot.他虽然年轻，但懂得很多 完成句子 ①不必改变自己——你这样很好。 You don't have to change yourself—you are fine just ________________． ②他的英语说得不如你流利。 He doesn't speak English __________________________． 答案：①as you are　②as/so fluently as you (2)翻译 尽管年纪大了，但他依然精力充沛。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Old as he is, he is still full of energy. 2.It was barely ten o'clock at night. When he had walked about halfway around a certain block, the policeman suddenly slowed down.In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth. 当时还不到晚上十点。当他绕着某个街区走了大约一半时，警察突然放慢了脚步。一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄烟。 (1)barely adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才---bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；无遮盖的 (2)In the doorway of a store stood a man---本句是介词短语置于句首的完全倒装句 【归纳】完全倒装 ①表示方位或时间的状语或表语置于句首 ②so+adj.+that结构置于句首 Into the room came the teacher.老师走进了房间。 Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了恶战。 So hungry was he that he could eat up a whole cow.他已经饿到能吃掉一整头牛了 (3)with an unlit cigar in his mouth---“with＋n.＋介词短语”是with的复合结构 【归纳用法】with+n./pron.+宾补 ①with +sb/sth+doing(表示主动意义，强调动作正在进行) ②with +sb/sth+done(表示被动意义，强调动作的完成) ③with +sb/sth+to do(表示尚未发生的动作) ④with +sb/sth+adj./adv./prep.(表示状态) The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her.她的妈妈站在她的身后，这个女孩儿感到很安全。 With his homework finished ahead of time, he was happy to watch a film.作业提前做完了，他高兴地看了一场电影。 With no one to turn to, he managed to solve the problem himself.没有人能求助，他自己设法解决了这个问题 单句语法填空 (1)Her income was ________ (bare) enough to maintain one child, let alone three. barely (2)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes ________ (fix) on the ceiling. fixed (3)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock). (4)He was __________(bare) 20 years old and already running his own company. barely 完成句子 ①我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。(全部倒装) Next door to ours ____________________, who seem to have settled into life in China. ②有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起的喊叫声。(全部倒装) For a moment nothing happened; ________________ all shouting together. ③一切都准备好了，汤姆相信他会成功的。(with宾补结构) ____________________, Tom believed he could succeed. ④因为有很多工作要做，不允许他外出。(with宾补结构) ____________________, he wasn't allowed to go out. 答案：①live a foreign couple　②then came voices　③With everything well prepared 4.With a lot of work to do 3.It's an appointment made twenty years ago. There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—‘Big Joe’ Brady's restaurant.”“It was torn down then.” 这是二十年前定下的一个约定。这家店的位置以前有一家餐馆——‘大乔’布雷迪餐厅。”“后来它被拆掉了。” (1)appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务 【归纳用法】 ①make/have an appointment with sb.与某人约会 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 by appointment 按约定，按约定时间 ②appoint vt.约定；指定(时间、地点等)，任命；委任 appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sth for sth 为某事确定日期、场所等 appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事 ③appointed adj.约定的；指定的 I have an appointment with my old friend this Sunday. 这个星期天我和我的老朋友有个约会。 It's a great honor for him to be appointed as/to be sales manager of the company.被任命为公司的销售经理，他感到很荣幸。 Some staff were appointed to negotiate with the company for the means of payment at the appointed time.一些职员被派去在约定时间和那家公司就支付方式进行协商 (2)There used to be a restaurant where this store stands-----where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a restaurant (3)tear down 拆毁，拆除 【归纳用法】 ①tear down 拆毁,拆除 tear up撕毁,撕碎 tear off撕下,扯掉 tear...into/to pieces把...撕成碎片 ②burst into tears突然大哭 in tears流泪地 wear and tear磨损，消耗 They are going to tear down these old buildings and build some new ones.他们打算拆掉这些旧住房，建一些新楼房。 Tear off the gift's price tag, no matter how expensive it is. 不管礼物多贵都要撕掉价签。 She burst into tears and ran from the kitchen. 她突然哭起来，跑出了厨房 单句语法填空 (1)Zhang Zheng was appointed ________ captain of China's first aircraft carrier “Liaoning”． (2)I was appointed ________ (take) charge of arranging all the activities on that day. (3)It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner ________ (appoint) with my friend. 答案：①as　②to take　③appointment (4)Appointed (appoint)as president of the university yesterday, he is giving a speech on the platform now. (5)I regret to tell you that I can’t go for a walk in Haidian Park together with you at the appointed (appoint) time this weekend (6)So after shouting and screaming for an hour she walked out ________ tears. in (7)If you tear the paper ________ four pieces, we can each have something to write on. into (8)She burst into tears, releasing all her pent－up emotions. (9)These now are the walls we must tear down. (10)We are in a position ________ we may lose a great deal of money. 答案：where (11)Students should involve themselves in community activities _______ they can get experience for growth. where (12)I had reached a point _where I needed to decide which way to go. 4.The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale face, with keen eyes, a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow. 门口那个男人划了根火柴，点燃了雪茄烟。火光映出一张苍白的脸，一双锐利的眼睛，一个方下巴，在他右边眉毛附近还有一道白色的小伤疤 (1)strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck) 突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴) n.罢工；袭击；击，打 【归纳用法】 ①sth. strike sb. =sth. hit sb. 某人突然想到某事 It strikes/struck sb. that ...主语从句 =It occurs/occurred to sb. that ..... 某人突然想到.... =It hits/hit sb that ... sb. be struck by sth. 意识到...；被....所打动；被....击中；被.....撞倒 sth./sb. strike sb. as + n./adj. 给某人留下某种印象 strike sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位 击打某人的某一部位 strike against.... 为反对......而罢工 ②be (out) on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 launch a strike on/against ... 发动对......的袭击 An awful thought has just struck me. 刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。 I was struck by her resemblance to my aunt. 我猛然发现/惊讶于她长得跟我姑姑很像。 It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. 我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。 strike sb. on the shoulder/head 打某人的肩膀/头 strike a match on a wall在墙上擦火柴 The clock has just struck three. 时钟刚刚敲过三点 (2)keen adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于 【归纳短语】 be keen to do sth 渴望做某事 be keen that.... 渴望...... be keen on doing sth 热衷于做某事 be keen on..... 喜欢....；对.....有兴趣 单句语法填空 (1)The first time he met the girl he was struck/stricken (strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her. (2)It is reported that the workers have been on strike for three days. (3)It struck me that he was on business in Shanghai. (4)She strikes me as a very efficient person. (5)His father struck him _____the head with a book. on (6)I was struck ____by____ his inspiring words, and I decided to cooperate with him. (7)The workers are coming out ___on_____ strike for higher wages. (8)It struck her that she should adopt the homeless child. (9)The government is keen ________ peace talks to start again. on 5.The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to make my fortune. 第二天早上，我就要离开纽约，出发去西部发财。 (1)be to do..... ①表示注定要发生的事，相当于must或have to ②预先安排好的计划或约定 ③表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情感意义 The prize-giving ceremony is to be held from 15：00 to 17：00 on June 18.颁奖仪式将在6月18日15：00至17：00举行。(计划) You are to arrive at the spot before five this afternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前到达现场。(命令) (2)make one's fortune 发财 【归纳短语】 seek/try one’s fortune找出路/碰运气 make a fortune发财；赚钱 have the good fortune to do sth.有幸做某事 单句语法填空 (1)The president is reported to visit(visit)China next week. (2)The medicine is to be taken three times a day.(take) (3)The invention of the Internet is to change the way we communicate with each other.(change) (4)She decided to leave Xi'an to Hainan to make ________ (she) fortune. 答案：her (5)Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of making a fortune without hard work. (6)I had the good fortune to pay (pay) a visit to the exhibition of students’ traditional Chinese painting held in our school. 6.Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. 哦，那天晚上我们约定，二十年后的同一日期、同一时间，我们将再次在此相聚，不管我们的处境将会如何，也不管来的路程会有多远。 ....., no matter what our conditions might be.......----no matter what 引导让步状语从句 【注意】no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m), no matter when, no matter where,no matter how只引导让步状语从句 No matter when she is in trouble, he is there for her.每当她有困难的时候，他都会出现在她身边 No matter which road you take, it will lead you to the station.无论你走哪一条路都会到车站 单句语法填空 (1)No matter what questions I asked her, she just remained silent. (2)No matter ________ late it is, his mother is always waiting for him. 答案：how (3)No matter which of them you may choose, the quality will be the same. 7.“Well, we kept in touch for a year or two, and then we lost contact. But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive, for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world. “哦，我们保持了一两年的联系，然后就失去联系了。但是我知道如果吉米还活着就一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是这个世界上最真诚、最可靠的伙伴。 (1)lose contact 失去联系 (2)for he always was the truest...----for 引导原因状语从句 (3)reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 【归纳用法】 ①reliable information 可靠的信息 reliable reputation 信誉可靠 ②rely vi.依靠；依赖 rely on/upon sb/sth (to do).依赖某人/物做.... rely on (doing) sth 信赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that...指望……；相信…… We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard－working.我们正在寻找那个可靠的努力工作的人。 He can rely on my support when the crunch comes.关键时刻他会得到我的支持的。 You may rely on it that she won't be late.你可以放心，她不会迟到的。 【注意】当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, depend/rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句 单句语法填空 (1)I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and more ________ (rely) than television. (2)As far as I'm concerned, he never breaks his word; you can rely on ________ that he'll come to meet you on time. (3)These days we rely heavily on computers ________ (organize) our work. 答案：①reliable　②it　③to organize (4)I've lost contact ________ most of my school friends. 答案：with 8.I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight, and it's worthwhile if my old partner turns up.” 我千里迢迢赶过来，就是为了今晚能站在这个门口，如果我的老伙计出现，那一切都是值得的。” worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的(教材P2) I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight, and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up. 【归纳用法】 (1)be worthwhile doing/to do...值得做某事 It is worthwhile that.... 值得..... (2)worth adj.有....价值；值....钱 n.价格，价值；重要性 be (well)worth doing.... (很)值得做...... be worth sth. 值.....钱 (3)worthy adj.值得尊敬的，值得.....的 be worthy of sth 值得/配得上某物 be worthy of being done(某事)值得被做 The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.她脸上的笑容使得这一切都非常值得。 It is worthwhile to buy/buying this diamond ring to celebrate parents' 30th wedding anniversary. 为了庆祝父母结婚30周年，买这枚钻石戒指是值得的。 It's a trivial matter and not worth fighting about. 这是一桩小事，不值得为之争辩。 It is worthy of both serious, scholarly study and effective application. 它值得严肃，认真地学习和有效的应用。 单句语法填空 ①She is devoted to teaching career and she is really worth ________ (respect). ②It is worthwhile ________ (send) him abroad for further education. ③This science novel is well worth ________ (read). 答案：①respecting　②to send/sending　③reading ④These stories in this column are worthy of being read (read), because they can relieve my stress and broaden my horizon. 9.The two men walked up the street, arm in arm. 这两个男人挽着手臂，沿街走着。 【归纳短语】 face to face 面对面 heart to heart 心连心 side by side 并排，并肩 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩，齐心协力 hand in hand手拉手，形影相随，联合 neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进 【注意】在“名词＋介词＋名词”搭配中，名词前都不用冠词 With the technology, many people are losing the opportunity to greet friends face to face.因为这项技术，很多人正失去与朋友面对面打招呼的机会。 We've worked side by side for years.我们已并肩工作有好多年了。 完成句子 ①理论应当结合实际。 Theory and practice should go ____________________． ②他们面对面地站着，互相凝视着对方。 They stood ________________, staring at each other. ③我们臂挽臂蹦蹦跳跳地沿着大街走着。 We went skipping down the street ____________________. 答案：①hand in hand　②face to face　③arm in arm 10.“As I suspected, you're not Jimmy Wells，” he said, impatiently with anger. “正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，”他愤怒且不耐烦地说道。 suspect vt.& vi. 疑有，觉得　n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象(教材P3) 【归纳用法】 suspect.....as/to be... 怀疑....是..... suspect.... of (doing) sth 怀疑....(做过)某事 It was suspected that...... 人们怀疑..... Never employ the man you suspect, nor suspect the man you employ.(谚语)疑人不用，用人不疑。 We all suspect her to be an actress, but no one knows her.我们猜想她是一名演员，但没有人认识她。 The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。 It was suspected that he resigned his post to travel all over the world. 人们怀疑他辞职是为了环游世界 【拓展】v.+sb+ of sth remind sb of sth inform sb of sth convince sb of sth warn sb of sth accuse sb of sth cure sb of sth rob sb of sth 单句语法填空 ①He resigned after being suspected ________ theft. ②A number of ________ (suspect) have been hauled in for questioning. ③He ________ (suspect) of taking public funds and running away. 答案：①of　②suspects　③was suspected ④It is suspected that he was too emotional to say a word. 11.“Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change the shape of a man's nose.”“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man, taking charge of the situation. “You've been under arrest for ten minutes, ‘Silky’ Bob. “二十年确实很长，但还没长到改变一个人鼻子的形状。” “时间有时候会把一个好人变成坏人，”高个子男人说道，他掌控住了局势。“你已经被捕十分钟了，‘滑头’鲍勃。 (1)Twenty years is a long time----时间段、距离、金钱看作整体作主语，谓语动词用单数 (2)change... into...=turn..... into... 把.....转变成 (3)take charge of..... 掌管，掌控 【注意】charge v.充电；使……承担责任；控告，指控；要价，收费 n.电量，电荷；炸药量；掌管，照管；费用，价钱；控告，指控 be charged with..... 被指控..... (4)...., taking charge of ....-----doing作伴随状语 (5)arrest n．& vt. 逮捕，拘捕(教材P3) 【归纳用法】 ①under arrest 被逮捕 make an arrest 进行逮捕 ②arrest sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事逮捕某人 be/get arrested for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而被捕 arrest one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 A suspect has been arrested for stealing.一名嫌疑人因偷窃而被捕。 An unusual noise arrested his attention. 一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了他的注意 【拓展】“under+n”类短语 under discussion 在讨论中 under consideration 在考虑中 under pressure/stress 处于压力中 under control处于控制之下 under construction 在建设中 under attack 受到攻击，遭到破坏 under guarantee 在保修期内 under protest 在抗议下 单句语法填空 (1)He got ________ (arrest) for hunting frogs in large amounts. (2)The police put the merchant ________ arrest in connection with the robbery. (3)The police have arrested almost everybody who is involved in the conflict their violence. 答案：①arrested　②under 3.for (4)Thirty years (be) a long time, but it doesn’t mean that I will give up. is (5)Three years (pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years (be) really a long time. passed passed; is 12.Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us. 芝加哥警方认为你可能在我们这里下车，给我们发了电报。 “情态动词+have+done”结构可表示对过去的推测和对过去的虚拟语气 (1)对过去的推测的还有： ①couldn't/ can’t have done过去不可能做过某事 ②might have done 过去有可能做了某事 ③might not have done过去有可能没做某事 (2)表示对过去的虚拟语气的有： ①should have done 过去本该做某事却没做---shouldn't have done过去本不该做某事却做了 ②would have done过去本想做但并未做---wouldn't have done过去本不想做但发生了 ③need have done过去需要做某事但却没做--needn't have done过去不必做某事但却做了 ④could have done... (肯定句)表示“本能够做……但没有做……” ⑤may have done sth. 或许做了某事 完成句子 ①He said I ___________________ something bad to deserve it. 他说我肯定是罪有应得。 ②They ___________________ it much more earlier. 他们早就应该这么做了。 ③Peter ___________________ it yesterday. 彼得昨天本不必做这件事。 ④He ___________________ such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long. 他不可能做出这样糟糕的事，让你等这么长的时间。 【答案】①must have done ②should have done ③needn't have done ④can't have done ⑤You ______________________ at home last Sunday，but you didn’t.上周日你本该待在家里的， 但是你没有。 ⑥You are sleepy. You _____________________ to bed late last night.你在打瞌睡。你昨晚肯定睡得很晚。 ⑦We ____________________ the match，but we were too careless.我们本可以赢得比赛， 但是我们太粗心了。 ⑧You _________________________ so much food，for there’s a lot in the fridge.你本不需要买那么多食物的，因为冰箱里有很多。 【答案】5.should have stayed 6.must have gone 7.could have won 8.needn’t have bought Part two Grammar　状语从句(复习) (一)时间状语从句 1.when, while, as的用法 (1)when可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作 (2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重于主句动作和从句动作相对比 (3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，意为“一边....，一边.....”或“随着” It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是半夜。 I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。 As speech develops, the child starts to string more words together.随着语言能力不断发展，孩子开始把更多的词连起来说 2.when的特殊用法 (1)be about to do....when..... 即将做....这时(突然)..... (2)be doing.....when...... 正在做....这时(突然)..... (3)be on the point of doing....when..... 正要做....这时(突然).... (4)had done.....when....... 刚做了....这时(突然).... I was about to call Tom up when he came to my house.我正想给汤姆打电话，这时他来我家了。 On Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.周五，我们正在收拾行李准备外出度周末，这时我的女儿听到了求救的呼喊。 I was on the point of giving him my address when my friend came up to us.我差点就要把地址给他了，这时我朋友走过来了。 He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。 3.表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达 包括as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ..., once等。 My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call. 我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就立刻来了。 The moment I heard the voice, I knew my father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了 【注意】no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，句子应用部分倒装。 He had hardly got home when he began to prepare supper.他一到家就开始准备晚饭。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. ＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来 4.before与since的用法 (1)It will be +一段时间+before....(从句一般现在时) 一段时间之后才..... (2)It won’t be long before..... 不久之后就...... (3)It was+一段时间+before....(从句一般过去时) 过了一段时间才.... (4)It is/has been+一段时间+since.....(从句一般过去时) 自从.....以来，已是一段时间了 It will be three years before I graduate from college.三年后我才大学毕业。 It will not be long before the inflation figure starts to fall.过不了多久，通货膨胀的数字就会开始下降。 It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。 As is reported, it is 100 years since the university was founded.据报道，自从该大学成立已经有100年了 5.until/till和not ... until的用法 (1)until/till “某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性的，主、从都为肯定式，两者可以换用，但till不可置于句首 (2)not...until....“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性，从句为肯定式 Have you heard the meeting will be put off until/till next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？ I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间，我才告诉他答案 (二)地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后；从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味 A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.很多高楼拔地而起，而在一年前，这里是一片废墟。 Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油 (三)原因状语从句 (1)because一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强，适合回答why引导的疑问句 (2)since一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由（通常被翻译成“既然”），较正式，语气比because弱 (3)as表示附带说明“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前） (4)seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), given (that), in that也可引导原因状语从句 His friends all like him just because he is handsome and successful.他的朋友们都喜欢他，只是因为他英俊而成功。 We thought that, since we were in the area, we'd stop by and see them.我们想，既然到了这个地方，就该顺便去看看他们。 As she has been ill perhaps she will need some help. 由于她病了，也许她需要一些帮助。 Considering that they are fresh from universities, they've done a pretty impressive job. 鉴于他们刚刚大学毕业，他们的工作已经相当出色了 (四)目的状语从句 (1)...in order that...=....so that....引导目的状语从句，从句要含情态动词can/should/need/could等，意为“以便...;为了.....” (2)for fear that, in case (that), lest引导目的状语从句。 ①for fear that表示“唯恐，以防...”②in case that表示“目的是，以防...”③lest表示“以防..” When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。 I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.我给了他一把钥匙，以便他随时能进来。 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。 Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨 【注意】目的状语从句中常含有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词 (五)结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有so that, so ... that ..., such ... that ... 等。在非正式语体中，由so ... that ..., such ... that ... 引导的句子中的that可以省略 He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.＝He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. 他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。 He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。 This is something where you can earn such a lot of money that there is not any risk that you will lose it.这是能赚到很多钱而没有任何亏钱风险的事 (六)条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless (＝if ... not) (除非), so/as long as (只要), in case (万一), on condition that (条件是), suppose/supposing (假设，如果), provided that (如果)等 She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。 You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。 He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country. 他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。 Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁 (七)让步状语从句 (1)由although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)引导 (2)由whether...or.... (不管....还是....)；疑问词+ever(不管....;无论.....)，no matter+疑问词(不管....;无论)引导 (3)由从属连词while, 意为“虽然，尽管” (4)由as引导时，从句要用倒装语序，though引导时则可用倒装语序或正常语序 Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。 He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.他太忙了，尽管他想陪儿子，但就是抽不出足够的时间。 One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life.一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。 While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。 Intelligent as/though you are, I suspect you will fail. 尽管你聪明，我猜想你会失败 (八)状语从句的省略 在表示时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句的主语是it，从句的谓语又含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，从而构成 “从属连词＋形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/介词短语/不定式”结构。 ①If (it is) possible, please look up the word in the dictionary.如果可能的话，请在词典里查阅那个单词。 ②While (I was) passing by the supermarket, I met my friend.路过超市时，我遇见了我的朋友。 ③Unless (I am) invited, I won't take part in the activity.除非有人邀请，否则我不会参加那个活动。 ④Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 那个陌生人面带笑容，转向我，似乎想对我说话 单句语法填空 ①It wasn't ________ 1980—32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! ②The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city ________ you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. ③________ (give) he's only sixteen years old, he is not fit for the job. ④The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters ________ that he could sign them. ⑤________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. ⑥________ Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. ⑦________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. ⑧When in an awkward atmosphere, do ________ the others do. 答案：①until　②when ③Given　④so ⑤Unless　⑥Although/Though/While　⑦If　⑧as ⑨Once ________ (complete), they would cut transport costs by up to 25%. completed 用适当的连词完成下面的短文 My classmate Michael studied very hard 1. he went to senior school.Every day he worked 2. everyone else in my class left the classroom.He said he wouldn’t stop trying 3. he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4. he tried，he made little progress，but he didn’t lose heart at all 5. he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day. 6． time went by，he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-together party 7. we started our new life in university.Everyone had got offers from universities,8. we had a very good time.When we stood 9. we used to play and study，we couldn’t help thinking of our happy old days.We believed we would never forget each other,10. we would go or whatever we would do. 【答案】1.after 2.until/till3.unless/until4.as/though5.because/as6.As 7.before 8.so 9.where 10.wherever 语法填空一 China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years, 1 (kick) off with bricks made of moon soil, according to scientists related to the project, the local news agency reported. Ding Lieyun, 2 leading scientist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told local media that the first brick 3 (make) from moon soil during the Chang’e 8 mission around 2028. China has previously said its lunar base will likely be powered by nuclear energy, and will include a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover, all of 4 would be constructed by the Chang’e 6, 7 and 8 missions. It wasn’t immediately clear in the interview 5 the entire base will be built with lunar soil. “Eventually, building habitation 6 the Earth is essential not only for all humanity’s quest for space exploration, but also for China’s 7 (strategy) needs as a space power,” Ding said in a separate interview. The moon is believed 8 (contain) a source of waste-free nuclear energy that could meet global energy demands for 250 years, meaning potentially hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of resources. Yu Dengyun, from the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, provided an 9 (update) timeline for the next three Chang’e missions. Chang’e 6 will launch in 2025 to collect samples from the far side of the moon, Chang’e 7 will blast off the following year to search for water-ice, 10 Chang’e 8 should land some two years after that. 1．kicking 2．a 3．would be made 4．which 5．if/whether 6．beyond/outside 7．strategic 8．to contain 9．updated 10．and 语法填空二 The Internet of Things(IoT) makes our life easier. The technology uses sensors to connect everyday appliances and devices to each other and to the Internet. Thanks to IoT-connected home devices, we can manage our home remotely, and ensure that devices 11 (turn) off. IoT can also bring 12 (convenient) to our home life. It can even achieve that when we are away. One example is someone driving home from work. 13 tiredness, this person still needs to feed the dog. IoT technology can help pour food into the dog dish. Besides, IoT-connected devices can provide entertainment for kids. For instance, smart TVs feature voice 14 (recognize). Anyone can command it to play any channel at any time. Much like a smartphone, parents can control 15 their child watches on a smart TV. We are progressing into a period known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in which IoT technology will likely change everyday habits. 16 (promise) as smart homes are, many people are concerned about the safety. A smart door can be unlocked remotely. Homes can be targeted by hackers 17 secretly monitored. Smart home companies will keep working to convince those 18 (oppose) to it. They will keep trying to advance their technology while 19 (make) it safer to use. But how it is accepted in homes around the world 20 (remain) to be seen. 11．are turned 12．convenience 13．Despite 14．recognition 15．what 16．Promising 17．and 18．opposed 19．making 20．remains 阅读理解 AI, or artificial intelligence, has become increasingly popular in everyday life. Programmers code and “train” computers to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual recognition, artificial speech, and problem solving. AI algorithms(算法)work behind the scenes to customize ads and content online, and natural language processors interact and respond with users in a conversational manner. AI chatbots are now widely available and can be used for a variety of purposes . One example of an AI that may help protect individuals is “Take It Down”, a program developed by Meta to help teenagers remove unauthorized photos from the internet. While there are concerns about AI programs collecting data and invading privacy, AI automation can save time and improve efficiency in many areas, including this task that would otherwise take hours to perform manually. The current generation of AI chatbots still face limitations in fully simulating human emotions and attending to subtle variations of language cues in human conversations. The problems result from AI developers’ preference of language choices. They must continue to work on improving AI processing and linguistics for a more humanized approach. AI may also change how we approach education and tutoring. AI tutoring programs and AI-assisted mental health services could provide 24/7 accessibility for students and personalized assessments for academic, behavioral, and mental health issues. However, concerns remain over the potential misuse of AI technology for cheating and plagiarism in academic settings. Despite concerns about privacy and the sci-fi idea of AI robots taking over, AI will continue to open up new discoveries in all aspects of life. This technology carries both risks and benefits, but if used with care, it can bring positive developments while avoiding risks to livelihoods and privacy. 28.What is the main purpose of “Take It Down”? A. To perform tasks automatically. B. To protect individuals’ privacy. C. To improve work efficiency. D. To collect personal information. 29.AI technology can do the following EXCEPT A. providing mental health services. B. customizing ads and content online. C. fully simulating human emotions. D. assessing academic achievements. 30.What does the underlined word “plagiarism” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Copying. B. Writing. C. Improving. D. Protecting. 31.What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of artificial intelligence? A. Neutral. B. Tolerant. C. Negative. D. Favorable. BCBD 七选五 Modern life is evolving fast. Think about how much things have changed even in the last twenty years. 36 If anything, it’s increasing. Technology is augmenting(提高)human life in all kinds of ways. 37 Electric cars are the response to the pollution of gas vehicles. For a long time, electric vehicles were inaccessible. They were expensive and unattainable. Things have changed. Now electric automobiles are cheaper than ever. They are similarly priced as regular gas vehicles. 38 More are being installed on the streets and in parking lots. Soon electric cars will be as common as gas vehicles. It is changing our way of life by alleviating pollution. Virtual reality(VR)is a part of technological advance that will continue to change the way we live for years to come. VR will change entertainment. With a headset, you don’t just watch a video. You are a part of it. You can experience things digitally. 39 Beyond entertainment, augmented reality, when you use the organic environment with the technology, will facilitate medicine. Remote surgeries can be performed with AR on the 5G Internet. These technologies can also help terminal patients find a new state of mind. There is no shortage of the number of ways that VR and AR will change the way we live. Artificial intelligence(AI)uses machine learning to recognize patterns, create algorithms and analyze data. AI can synthesize all the information available to it. AI can excel to the optimal point in effectiveness and productivity. It is used for many different purposes. There is no end to how AI will improve human life. It isn’t just used to improve social media sites to show consumers advertisements for products they might want to buy. 40 A. This rate of change isn’t slowing down. B. It can perform all kinds of tasks out of thin air. C. Furthermore, car charging stations are more common. D. The way that we approach motor vehicles has changed. E. The technology is already being applied in many ways. F. Only time will tell if we can evolve with the technology. G. It provides immersion that is difficult to accomplish otherwise.它提供了难以实现的沉浸感 ADCGB 完形填空 More and more Africans are using text messages, emails and social media to communicate. In Senegal, educators are using new ___41___ to teach women to read. Mariama Daffe sits in front of a television at her home in a community near Senegal's capital Dakar. She is learning to write and work with numbers. Ms Daffe started this ___42___ programme a year ago. She was 39 years old at the time. The Ministry of Education created these ___43___ modules for literacy—reading and writing. The programme appears ___44___ on state television. Women taking part every day say these lessons have made them more independent. Mariama Daffe says, “These days I have my ___45___ phone, and I can read messages and I can send messages, too.” Ms Daffe finishes her lesson and starts preparing dinner for her husband and three children. She says the TV programmes are ___46___. She studies three modules a week, because she has a full­time job and travels two hours by bus every day. The home­study programmes are easy to operate and not ___47___. That makes them especially ___48___ for a place like Senegal, which has limited money to teach literacy. But some women prefer the classroom ___49___. Ten minutes down the road from Mariama Daffe's home, women write on a chalkboard at the local elementary school. Thirty­nine­year­old Astou Keita says it is never too late to ___50___. She says, “My kids ___51___ me. They think it is funny that I started learning at this age.” Mamadou Diallo is a teacher. He uses a laptop computer and a projector to prepare a(n)___52___ display wall to teach ___53___. Mr Diallo says the first time the women saw the interactive display wall, they became very interested. They could not ___54___ to try it. He asks a student to read a word problem and do the work ___55___. She then answers the mathematical problem on the wall. 41.A. concepts　 B. technologies C. skills　 D. materials 42. A. home­study B. language­study C. major­study D. classroom­study 43. A. urging　 B. coining　 C. training　 D. debating 44. A. apparently　 B. freely　 C. slowly　 D. daily 45. A. autonomous B. mobile　 C. video　 D. satellite 46. A. contemporary　 B. instructive　 C. practical D. convenient 47. A. initial　 B. costly　 C. virtual D. boring 48. A. familiar　 B. advanced　 C. useful　 D. experimental 49. A. experience　 B. condition　 C. knowledge　 D. equipment 50. A. work　 B. learn　 C. turn　 D. change 51. A. learn from　 B. depend on　 C. laugh at　 D. believe in 52. A. academic　 B. private　 C. talent　 D. interactive 53. A. painting　 B. writing　 C. maths　 D. design 54. A. wait　 B. want　 C. agree　 D. pretend 55. A. by hand　 B. in pencil　 C. on the wall　 D. with numbers BACDB DBCAB CDCAD ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $