UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

本讲义以记叙文“My university life”为核心，通过“析架构理脉络”“精读文明察秋毫”“通词句学表达”三步学习支架，系统梳理回忆式叙事结构、名词后缀-ion构词规律及before引导时间状语从句等知识点，形成从文本理解到语言知识再到技能应用的递进脉络。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过作者大学生活回忆（首份作业教训、小组合作等实例）引导学生解构叙事逻辑，提升文本分析能力。词汇模块归纳构词规律助力学习能力提升，练习题设计兼顾课中教学引导与课后查漏补缺，有效促进语言运用与思维发展。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment My university life 　　[1]I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment when I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate①.I was happy and relieved②， yet worried and anxious about the future.What was my first job going to be like？ This short walk was going to launch me into③ a whole new world.How would I manage？ Would I be able to carve out a career④ for myself？My name was called and I moved into the lights.I heard the applause.I knew my parents would be watching and smiling at each other and I tried to relax.I held my certificate against my breast⑤ and smiled at the camera.[2]Before I knew it， the ceremony was over and the curtain⑥ had come down on my university life.Where had the time gone？ Four years had disappeared in a flash⑦.[3]I stood with my certificate in hand and reflected on⑧ those four years. 　　[1]本句是主从复合句。主句使用过去完成进行时had been doing ...； when引导定语从句，修饰先行词moment。 　　[2]本句是and连接的并列句。Before引导时间状语从句，可译为“还未来得及……就……”。 　　[3]句中with my certificate in hand是with复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语（介词短语）”，在句中作状语。 ①certificate n.文凭，结业证书；证明，证明书 receive one’s degree certificate 领取学位证书 ②relieved adj.释然的；感到宽慰的；放心的 ③launch sb into 使某人开始做，使某人投入 ④carve out a career创出一番事业 ⑤breast n.胸部，胸脯 ⑥curtain n.幕，帷幕；窗帘；帘，幔；覆盖物 ⑦in a flash 转瞬间，立即 ⑧reflect on sth反思某事，反省某事 　　[4]I remembered arriving at university on my very first day， pausing at the gate to look down the long drive⑨.I could feel my hands sweating slightly and I had to hold on tight⑩ to my suitcase.Would I be able to fit in⑪？ Did this new phase of my life mean that I was now mature⑫ enough to be entirely responsible for⑬ my own successes and failures？ [5]I took a few seconds to compose myself⑭ and to take in⑮ the scene that was laid out⑯ before me.The campus was alive with people.Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups， carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory⑰ buildings.[6]I wondered if the first day of school was always such a circus⑱.I took a deep breath⑲ and carried on into the heart of the campus.[7]Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life. 　　[4]动词-ing短语pausing at the gate to look down the long drive作伴随状语。 　　[5]并列的动词不定式短语to compose myself和to take in ...作结果状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词scene。 　　[6]if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，作动词wonder的宾语。 　　[7]该句是倒装句，否定词Little置于句首，句子要用部分倒装。 ⑨look down the long drive 望着长长的车道 ⑩tight adv.紧紧地，牢固地 adj.牢固的；严格的；密集的；亲密的 hold on tight to紧紧握住 ⑪ fit in 适应 ⑫ mature adj.明白事理的，成熟的 vi.成熟，长成；有判断力 ⑬ be responsible for 对……负责 ⑭ compose oneself 使自己镇定下来 ⑮ take in （一下子）看清，看明白；收留，收容；欺骗，使上当；理解，领会 ⑯ lay out （整齐地）铺开，展开，摊开 ⑰ dormitory n.学生宿舍，集体宿舍 ⑱ circus n.热闹场面；马戏团 ⑲ take a deep breath 深吸一口气 　　I remembered working on my first assignment⑳.It was a 3，000-word essay㉑ on geometry㉒ and I wasn’t even sure how to begin the first paragraph㉓.Instead of seeking good advice， I kept putting it off㉔.Rather unwisely， I left it to the last minute.As the deadline approached， I had to stay up all night working on my laptop㉕ to complete it.The next day I felt dizzy and started coughing and sneezing㉖.Unsurprisingly， it wasn’t a very good essay.However， this taught me a valuable lesson.[8]As soon as I received the next assignment， I headed straight for the library to find the reference㉗ books I needed for my research， and then created an outline followed by a draft㉘.After careful editing㉙ and polishing㉚， the result was a much better essay than the last， and it was ready in my desk drawer㉛ days before the deadline.I would stick to㉜ this approach for the duration of my studies. 　　[8]句中As soon as引导时间状语从句；主句中headed和created是并列谓语；动词不定式短语to find the ...research作目的状语；I needed for my research为省略that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词reference books；followed by a draft作后置定语，修饰名词outline。 ⑳ work on one’s first assignment 做第一份作业 ㉑essay n.文章，短文 ㉒geometry n.几何（学）；几何形状 a 3，000-word essay on geometry 一篇三千字的几何论文 ㉓ paragraph n.段，段落 ㉔put off 推迟，拖延 ㉕ laptop n.笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 ㉖ sneeze vi.打喷嚏 n.喷嚏，喷嚏声 ㉗ reference n.参考；提到；推荐信 vt.查阅，参考 reference books 参考书 ㉘draft n.草稿，草案，草图 vt.起草，草拟 ㉙ edit vt.& vi.编辑，校订 ㉚ polish vt.& vi.修改，润饰；擦光，磨光 n.抛光，上光；完美，娴熟，精湛 ㉛ drawer n.抽屉 ㉜ stick to 坚持；遵守（诺言、协议、决定、原则等），遵循（规则） 　　I remembered cooperating with my classmates on group projects.Everyone would be assigned a specific task， and my role was usually to produce the presentation㉝.We would meet in the school cafeteria㉞ to bounce㉟ ideas off each other， and would laugh and argue and laugh some more as we learnt to work together as a team.[9]I realized that learning didn’t have to be a solo effort and that working with other people could be much more stimulating㊱ and productive than working alone. 　　I remembered visiting my favourite professor， a tall gentleman with his beard and hair going grey， during his office hours for the first time.Initially， I found his strictness intimidating㊲， but quickly came to admire him for his vast knowledge and deep understanding of his subject.[10]It soon dawned on㊳ me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know， and they do take a genuine interest in㊴ their students’ intellectual development. 　　[9]本句是主从复合句。两个that均引导并列的宾语从句，作动词realized的宾语。 　　[10]It 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句；主语从句中又包含 what 引导的宾语从句；do用来强调谓语动词take。 ㉝presentation n.幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出 ㉞cafeteria n.自助餐厅，自助食堂 ㉟bounce vt.（向某人）试探地透露（主意） vi.跳动 n.弹跳；活力 bounce ideas off sb 向某人试探地透露主意 ㊱stimulating adj.趣味盎然的，激励人的 ㊲intimidating adj.吓人的，令人胆怯的 ㊳dawn on sb 使某人开始明白，使某人渐渐领悟，使某人开始理解 ㊴take an interest in 对……感兴趣 　　[11]I heard my parents’ voices calling me and I returned to the moment.After the graduation ceremony we headed home by train.I looked out of the carriage㊵ window at the world speeding by.[12]The journey home gave me time to think about what the future might hold for me.University has changed me.[13]Not only am I now more intellectually prepared for the world of work， but I am also more confident about my own abilities.I have grown as an adult and I have also discovered more about myself.Yes， I am ready for a new phase in my life. 　　[11]句中包含“感官动词（hear）＋宾语＋宾语补足语（动词-ing形式）”结构。 　　[12]句中what引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。 　　[13]本句为not only ...but also ...句型。not only置于句首时，not only后面的句子用部分倒装， but also后面的句子不倒装。 ㊵carriage n.（火车的）客车厢；（旧时载客的）四轮马车 参考译文 我的大学生活 　　我和我的毕业生同学们一起等待着走上领奖台领取学位证书的那一刻。我心中既高兴又欣慰，同时又对未来怀着忧虑。我的第一份工作会是什么样的？这短短的几步路将会领我进入一个全新的世界。我该如何应对？我能为自己开创一番事业吗？我的名字被叫到了，我走到灯光下。我听见了掌声。我知道我的父母正在看着我，相视而笑，而我试着让自己放松。我把证书抱在胸前，对着镜头微笑。不知不觉中，典礼结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。时间都去哪儿了？四年时间一晃而过。我手拿证书伫立着，回想起那四年的时光。 　　我记得来上大学的第一天，我在校门口停下，望着长长的车道。我能感到自己的双手在微微出汗，我只能紧紧握住行李箱。我能适应吗？我人生的这个新阶段是否意味着我现在已经足够成熟，可以完全为自己的成功和失败负责？我花了几秒钟时间让自己镇定下来，并观察了一番眼前的情形。校园里人来人往。神情焦虑的家长和兴高采烈的学生有的在三三两两地交谈着，有的提着大包小包，有的正出入宿舍楼。我好奇开学第一天是否都是这么热闹。我深吸一口气，继续往校园中心走。我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。 　　我记得我做第一份作业时的情形。那是一篇三千字的几何论文，而我甚至不太确定该怎么开始第一段。我没有去寻求好的建议，而是一直拖着没下笔。相当不明智的是，我拖到了最后一刻。眼看规定期限就要到了，我只能抱着笔记本电脑熬了一整夜，把论文赶了出来。第二天我就感觉头晕，开始咳嗽、打喷嚏。可想而知，文章写得并不是很好。不过这给我上了宝贵的一课。在我刚收到第二份作业时，我就直奔图书馆，查阅研究所需的文献，然后定提纲、写初稿。经过仔细校订和润色之后，结果是比上一稿好很多的文章，并且在截止日期前几天它就在书桌抽屉里，随时可交。在之后的学习生涯中我都坚持了这种做法。 　　我记得和我的同学们一起合作完成小组项目。每个人都会分配到一项特定的任务，我的工作通常是制作幻灯片。我们会在学校的自助餐厅开会，大家各抒己见。在我们学着团队协作的过程中，我们笑着，吵着，再笑着。我明白了学习不必只是一个人的拼搏，与他人合作会比单打独斗更妙趣横生也成果斐然。 　　我记得第一次去拜访我最喜欢的教授，那是在他的办公时间。他是一位身材高大、须发皆白的先生。起初，我觉得他严厉得吓人，但我很快就开始因他广博的学识和对其学科的深刻理解而崇拜他了。很快我就开始明白，许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的，并且他们的确真心实意地关注学生的智力发展。 我听到父母在叫我，于是回过神来。毕业典礼结束后，我们坐火车回家。我看着车窗外飞驰而过的世界。返乡的路上，我有了时间来思考未来会带给我什么。大学改变了我。如今我不仅为职业生涯作好了更多学识上的准备，对个人能力也更有信心了。我已长大成人，对自己也更加了解。是的，我已准备好拥抱下一个人生阶段了。 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks. 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.How does the author tell his university life？（　　） A.By making comparisons. B.By imaging some future scenes. C.By telling some concrete memories. D.By delivering some vivid speeches. 2.What is the correct order used by the author to finish his studies after he finished his first assignment？（　　） ①write a draft ②create an outline ③edit and polish carefully ④head straight for the library to find the reference books A.①②③④　 B.④②①③ C.④③②①　 D.①④②③ 3.What does the author want to convey in paragraph 3？（　　） A.Staying up late will make people ill. B.Asking for advice is essential when faced with difficulties. C.Setting out to work immediately as soon as you receive it is important. D.Turning to the library for help can help you finish your work ahead of time. 4.Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “a solo effort” in paragraph 4？（　　） A.Singing alone. B.Working hard. C.Working individually. D.Learning new knowledge. 5.Which of the following is the purpose of the passage？（　　） A.To prove a theory. B.To tell us a funny story. C.To advertise his university. D.To look back on unforgettable experiences in college. 答案：1－5　CBCCD 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 本板块学习了以-ation结尾的名词presentation n.幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出。 名词后缀-ion归纳如下： 规则 例词 几乎所有以-ate结尾的动词在变为名词时首先去掉e再加-ion educate→education， liberate→liberation， translate→translation， graduate→graduation， separate→separation， operate→operation 多数以-t结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ion，少数以-te结尾的动词首先去掉e再加-ion act→action， invent→invention， inspect→inspection， elect→election， select→selection， connect→connection， collect→collection， instruct→instruction， devote→devotion， pollute→pollution 规则 例词 多数以-ss结尾的动词直接加-ion discuss→discussion， oppress→oppression， express→expression， possess→possession 多数以-de结尾与少数以-d结尾的动词先把de或d变成s再加-ion decide→decision， divide→division， provide→provision， invade→invasion， expand→expansion， extend→extension 以-mit结尾的动词，先把t变成ss，再加-ion admit→admission， commit→commission， permit→permission， transmit→transmission 多数以-fy结尾的动词先把y改成i再加-cation，少数以-efy或-fy结尾的动词先去掉y再加-action modify→modification， satisfy→satisfaction 　有些动词不是加-ion，而是加-ition、-tion、-ation或-sion而变成名词，其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了变化 add→addition， attend→attention， produce→production， reduce→reduction， solve→solution， determine→determination， explain→explanation， found→foundation， observe→observation， transport→transportation， relax→relaxation 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 情感描写：人物情感描写是对人物在特定环境下产生的想法、感触、联想等心理活动的描写，旨在深刻揭示人物的精神世界。在读后续写中，描写人物的情感是常用的描写方法，恰当的情感描写能够表现文中人物的性格，推动事件的发展。在描述人物情感时，要突出文章的中心，与人物的性格吻合，符合事件发展的逻辑。要选用恰当的词句通过情感描写精确地刻画人物的内心世界。 请从课文中找出此类句子，体会作者的情绪变化。 （1）直接用情感词表达人物的喜怒哀乐情绪。如happy，delighted，pleased，joyful，enjoyable，surprised，shocked，amazed，astonished，to one’s surprise，in relief，in panic等描述人物的情绪。 　I was happy and relieved， yet worried and anxious about the future.What was my first job going to be like？ This short walk was going to launch me into a whole new world.How would I manage？ Would I be able to carve out a career for myself？　 （2）利用动作和环境描写，融情于景烘托人物的情感。 　The campus was alive with people.Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups， carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory buildings.I wondered if the first day of school was always such a circus.I took a deep breath and carried on into the heart of the campus.Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.　 核心词汇集释 1.compose oneself使自己镇定下来 教材原句　I took a few seconds to compose myself and to take in the scene that was laid out before me. 我花了几秒钟时间让自己镇定下来，并观察了一番眼前的情形。 【用法】 （1）compose vt.& vi.　作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 compose a letter/speech/poem　　撰写信函/演讲稿/诗歌 （2）be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of　　由……组成（或构成） （3）composer n.　　作曲家，作曲者 composition n.　　组成，构成；创作，作曲；作文，作品 【佳句】　Faced with the dilemma， he was firstly upset and anxious， but soon composed himself. 　（心理描写） 面对这种进退两难的局面，他起初感到烦恼和焦虑，但很快就镇定下来了。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The weak patient lay back on the bed and tried to compose 　himself　 （he）. ② （人教必修二）He graduated from university in 1995，and then received a master’s degree in musical 　composition　 （compose） from the Juilliard School in New York in 1997. 【写美】　一句多译 ③委员会由教授和工程师组成。 →The committee 　is composed of　 professors and engineers.（compose） →The committee 　is made up of　 professors and engineers.（make） →The committee 　consists of　 professors and engineers.（consist） 2.reference n.参考；提到；推荐信vt.查阅，参考 教材原句　As soon as I received the next assignment， I headed straight for the library to find the reference books I needed for my research， and then created an outline followed by a draft. 在我刚收到第二份作业时，我就直奔图书馆，查阅研究所需的文献，然后定提纲、写初稿。 【用法】 （1）reference books　　　　参考书 for reference　　以备参考，供参考 in/with reference to　　关于；根据……而论 （2）refer vi.　　提到；参考，查阅 vt.　　查阅，参考 refer to　提到，谈到；指的是；参考，查阅 refer to ...as ...　把……称为…… 【佳句】　The library contains many popular reference books.这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①No 　reference　 （refer） books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. ②Teacher Zhang 　was referred　 （refer） to as Mum Zhang by her students during those days. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　With reference to the health guidelines　， it is recommended to exercise at least three times a week. 参照健康指南，建议每周至少锻炼三次。 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：before引导的时间状语从句 教材原句　Before I knew it， the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life. 不知不觉中，典礼结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。 【用法】 （1）before引导时间状语从句，主要用于以下几种句型： ①It will be＋一段时间＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）要过……时间才…… ②It won’t be＋一段时间＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）过不了……时间就…… ③It was not long before ...（从句用一般过去时）没过多久就…… ④It was＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般过去时）过了……时间才…… （2）before作为连词，用来引导时间状语从句时，译法较灵活，根据语境可翻译成以下几种意思： ①在……之前；②……之后才……；③趁着（还没有）……，以免……，以防……；④（不久）就…… 【品悟】　You’d better go quickly before I change my mind. 在我改变主意之前，你最好快点走。 【写美】　完成句子 ①　Before they reached the stadium　，the match had begun. 在他们到达体育场之前，比赛就已经开始了。 ②　It will be a few years before　 we can make a breakthrough in this research. 我们要过好几年才能在这项研究上取得突破。 ③　It will not be long before　 we get rid of the trouble in finance. 用不了多久我们就能摆脱财政困境了。 ④He took the bad news out of his mouth 　before I could stop him　. 我还没来得及阻止他，他就把这个坏消息说了出来。 ⑤I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long， but 　it’ll still be some time before　 Brian gets back. 很抱歉让你等了这么久，但布莱恩还要过一段时间才能回来。 ⑥　It was three days before　 he made the decision to accept our suggestion. 三天后他才作出接受我们的提议的决定。 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.She proudly showed off her certificates　 of achievement in various academic competitions. 2.（人教选必二） The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle，a professor　 at Cambridge. 3.While bouncing　 his ball against the wall， the rude boy let out screams. 4.When she woke up， morning sunshine flooded in through the open curtains　. 5. （2024·全国甲卷）Your body system is all messed up，so you feel 　dizzy　 （头晕目眩的）. It’s quite normal，though. 6.His father is a 　librarian　 （图书管理员） of our school library. 7.（北师大选必二）As she did this， Anne touched Helen’s 　forehead　 （前额） and wrote the word “think” on her hand. 8.I used to do the laundry once a week when I lived in the 　dormitory　 （宿舍）. 9.This is the first time that he has 　drafted　 （起草） a plan for the new company. 10.The writer spent weeks 　polishing　 （润色） the manuscript to perfection before his book was published. 维度二：词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.The farmer owns 　extensive　 （extend） fields where he grows different kinds of crops throughout the year. 2.（2024·全国甲卷）Hi，Vicky.I remember our class 　presentation　 （present） is on Wednesday，but you said it’s on Thursday.Are you sure？ 3.His 　competence　 （competent） is not in question but I’m worried about his attitude to the job. 4.I shivered in such cold weather and pulled my scarf more 　tightly　 （tight） round my neck. 5.Marin had excellent 　references　 （refer） from the manager of the firm where he had worked in the summer holidays. 6.Mozart is one of the most famous 　composers　 （compose） in the history of classical music. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.要过很长时间我们才能再次见面。（before） 　It will be a long time before　 we meet again. 2.他依然记得在乡下劳动的日子。（关系副词when引导的定语从句） He still remembers the days 　when he worked in the country　. 3.我一到家天就开始下雨了。（部分倒装） Hardly 　had I got home when　 it began to rain. 4.他深深地吸了几口气使自己平静下来。（compose oneself） He 　took a few deep breaths to compose himself　. 5.由于风刮得很大，我们不得不待在家里。（with复合结构） 　With the wind blowing strongly　， we had to stay at home. 6.一个小孩想要什么就给他什么，人们认为这种做法是不明智的。（whatever引导宾语从句） It’s considered unwise 　to give a child whatever he wants　. Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　My PhD adviser informed me I had failed my qualifying exam at my third attempt， which meant the dismissal from the program.How was it possible that one exam — one hour of my life — could define me as unfit to be a scientist？ 　　I wasn’t sure what to expect when I started my PhD program.I struggled with my classes during my first year， spending countless hours studying in the library.I ended that year with increased confidence.But soon my confidence went away when I made my first attempt at the qualifying exam.I had switched research projects 5 months earlier， after my first adviser left the university， so I wasn’t so confident of going into the exam.Besides， I had never taken an oral exam before， so the experience was terrifying. 　　Once it was over， my committee told me I’d conditionally passed， which meant I had to take more time to study and prepare to talk about the topic further.I was shaken but still hopeful.But when I retook the exam， I failed again.That’s when I was told I’d have one more chance. 　　For the next 5 months， I asked my committee chairs for guidance and practiced answering oral questions.I even stopped doing lab work to focus on my exam preparations.I was all in. 　　When the exam was over， I left the room feeling a mix of fear and relief.But those feelings changed to disappointment the next day after I learned I’d failed.I speak Spanish at home， but I have difficulty translating even the simplest scientific concepts into Spanish.This hampered my ability to comfortably speak the expected “language of science”. 　　My adviser requested to reinstate （使重返岗位） me to the PhD program， and I’m now back to working on my doctorate.I still have a little voice in the back of my head that I’m not good enough.But I try to stop it by surrounding myself with professors who support me and by staying focused on developing into the great scientist I know I can be.I am much more than that one-hour exam. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在攻读博士学位时经历了多次失败。但是她仍不气馁，始终意志坚定地坚持自己想成为科学家的梦想。 1.How did the author feel by the end of the first year？（　　） A.Confident.　 B.Terrified. C.Worn out.　 D.At a loss. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I ended that year with increased confidence.可知，作者在第一年年终的时候对自己更有信心了。 2.Why did the author switch her research project？（　　） A.She found it too hard for her. B.Her adviser dismissed her from it. C.She failed the qualifying exam. D.Her adviser no longer worked there. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I had switched research projects 5 months earlier， after my first adviser left the university可知，作者改变研究项目是因为她的导师不在那里工作了。 3.What affected the author’s performance in the third exam？（　　） A.Lack of preparation. B.Decreased confidence. C.Insufficient language skills. D.Too much time on lab work. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，作者在把科学概念翻译成西班牙语方面有困难。因此是语言技能的不足影响了她的第三次考试。 4.Which word best describes the author？（　　） A.Intelligent.　 B.Sensitive. C.Energetic.　 D.Determined. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，作者在经历多次失败之后没有气馁，仍旧坚持自己想成为伟大科学家的梦想。由此推断，她是一个意志坚定的人。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Have you ever committed countless hours to a study session just to end up feeling discouraged because you can’t remember the information？5. （　　） Meet the Feynman Technique， a clear-cut way to improve your understanding of any subject and new material. 　　As Yogi Bhajan， a spiritual teacher， put it， “If you want to learn something， read about it.If you want to understand something， write about it.If you want to master something， teach it.” 6.（　　） The method was named after the Nobel Prize-winning physicist， Richard Feynman. 　　Feynman believed that one of the best ways to study is to think critically and learn deeply to gain a better understanding of an idea.In other words， if you take what you learn and simplify it as if you are explaining it to others who are unfamiliar with the idea， you’ll quickly be able to see where your weaknesses lie.7.（　　） If you can’t simply explain and teach the concept， then you don’t understand it well enough. 　　8.（　　）However， the Feynman Technique can help， especially when you are learning something new， want to broaden your understanding of a complex topic you’ve already learned， or are trying to improve your score in your upcoming exam.While some people spend hours studying without significant results， you can cut the time down with this technique and remember that knowledge for years. 　　9.（　　） As you’re able to comprehend ideas quickly， you’ll slowly start to see improvement in your academic performance. A.What if there’s a better way？ B.What is the Feynman Technique？ C.Studying is by no means an easy task. D.The technique is here to help with some simple steps. E.That’s the fundamental idea behind the Feynman Technique. F.The goal is to learn by explaining in language that fourth-graders can understand. G.The next time you find yourself stuck on a complicated topic， use this technique. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种高效的学习方法——费曼学习法，其核心是用简单的语言将复杂的知识表达出来，让外行人也能听懂。 5.A　上文描写了一种学习困境：花费了数小时学习，结果还是记不住信息；下文提出了解决方法：了解一下费曼学习法，它能帮助人们理解任何主题和新材料。由此可知，设空处是过渡句，应将问题和解决方法联系起来，故A项符合语境。 6.E　上文Yogi Bhajan指出，如果你要学习一些事物，请阅读它；如果你要理解一些事物，请写下它；如果你要掌握一些事物，请教授它。结合第三段对费曼学习法的介绍可知，如果你能用简单的语言将所学知识表达出来，让不熟悉这一知识的人也能明白，你就真正掌握了这一知识。由此可知，Yogi Bhajan所说的话和费曼学习法的内涵是一样的，故E项符合语境。E项中的That指代Yogi Bhajan所说的话。 7.F　设空处上文具体介绍了费曼学习法的核心所在。F项承接这一概念，指出“此方法的目的就是使用四年级学生能够理解的语言来解释概念，从而掌握知识”，符合语境。F项中的fourth-graders can understand进一步说明了上句中的simplify it。 8.C　根据设空处后面的However可知，设空处应与the Feynman Technique can help构成转折关系，故C项符合语境。 9.G　设空处为本文总结部分，后一句指出“当你能够快速理解概念时，你会慢慢看到自己的学习成绩有所提高”，由此可知，设空处应再次强调费曼学习法的有效性，G项（下次当你发现自己无法理解一个复杂的话题时，使用此方法）符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　Do you ever feel like an outsider？ An outsider is not a strange person without friends.　10　，they are someone who challenges accepted values and perspectives.The education system teaches you to think 　11　.However，brilliant work is always unconventional.The self-taught may produce fresh and 　12　 work. 　　Everything was against Eileen Gray.In the 1920s，you needed strict qualifications to become an architect.Men strictly 　13　 access to academic courses.Eileen Gray 　14　 to accept the conventional rules presented to her.No one in the system would help her，so she helped herself.Gray rolled up her sleeves，picked up a hammer and nails，and made her 　15　 a reality.She taught herself the 　16　 an architect needed from books and evening classes.Gray recognized that other architects’ work was predictable because they were insiders 　17　 the design rules of the profession.The famous architecture companies 　18　 the same old designs and practices.She realized if she did things 　19　 she would stand out. 　　Imagine someone without 　20　 to build a house from the very beginning： attracting the finance，producing detailed plans of electrical circuits，plumbing，and 　21　 form，and then making it.In 1926，Gray began building a house near Monaco.It was called E-1027，a white beacon of enlightenment （启蒙灯塔）.E-1027 immediately 　22　 international recognition as a masterpiece，and lots of design tasks flooded in.Her 　23　 shocked architects who had spent years studying at university.Gray’s 　24　 to think and act independently contributed to her great success. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了在20世纪20年代，艾琳·格雷面对建筑领域的传统规范，如何成功建造了著名的E-1027。 10.A.Otherwise　 B.Therefore C.Instead　 D.Moreover 解析：C　根据上句和后半句可知，局外人不是一个没有朋友的奇怪的人，而是挑战既定价值观和观点的人。 11.A.conventionally　 B.independently C.carefully　 D.constantly 解析：A　根据下句可知，卓越的工作总是不按常规。此处与下文构成转折，教育体系教导你以传统方式思考。 12.A.individual　 B.challenging C.repetitive　 D.innovative 解析：D　根据空前的The self-taught may produce fresh和空后的work可知，自学者可能会产生新颖而创新的作品。 13.A.prevented　 B.controlled C.established　 D.provided 解析：B　根据上句和空前的strictly可推知，在20世纪20年代，成为一名建筑师需要严格的资格，而男性严格控制着对学术课程的准入。 14.A.hesitated　 B.attempted C.refused　 D.failed 解析：C　根据本段第二句和下文Gray rolled up her ...from books and evening classes.可知，她拒绝接受传统的束缚，拒绝接受摆在她面前的传统规则。 15.A.memory　 B.interest C.life　 D.vision 解析：D　根据上半句和下句可知，格雷把她的设想变成了现实。 16.A.demands　 B.skills C.standards　 D.opportunities 解析：B　根据本段第三句可知，她没有接受传统的学校建筑培训；再结合下句中的taught herself可推断，此处指Gray自学了建筑师所需的技能。 17.A.turning to　 B.applying to C.sticking to　 D.adapting to 解析：C　根据本句语境可知，其他建筑师的作品很容易预测，因为他们严格遵循职业设计规则。 18.A.repeated　 B.assessed C.proved　 D.replaced 解析：A　根据空后的the same old designs and practices可知，知名的建筑公司一直在重复相同的旧设计和做法。 19.A.differently　 B.separately C.enthusiastically　 D.reasonably 解析：A　根据上句和空后的would stand out可知，她意识到如果她不遵循传统的设计规则，以不同的方式设计，她会脱颖而出。 20.A.insurance　 B.connection C.testing　 D.training 解析：D　根据上段中的No one in the system ...from books and evening classes.可推知，她是一个没有受过训练的人。 21.A.educational　 B.artistic C.structural　 D.technical 解析：C　根据本句语境可知，Gray独自设计电路、水管和结构图。结构图指建筑的形式和框架，包括承重墙、梁和整体结构的稳定性和强度等元素。 22.A.gained　 B.sought C.deserved　 D.sustained 解析：A　根据空后的international recognition as a masterpiece，and lots of design tasks flooded in可知，E-1027立即被国际认可为杰作。 23.A.treatment　 B.achievement C.adjustment　 D.advancement 解析：B　根据空前两句和空后的shocked architects who had spent years studying at university可知，她的成就震惊了在大学学习了多年的建筑师。 24.A.anxiety　 B.curiosity C.confidence　 D.freedom 解析：C　根据空后的think and act independently contributed to her great success可知，自信促成了她的巨大成功。 Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　In Grade 9 I joined boxing classes. My friend Lea and I were the only girls in the class. 　　We got to throw our first punches （拳击） and learned how we should stand. I still didn’t know how to do it well， but I felt that choosing the boxing class was a right decision. Mr Vernon， our boxing teacher， made us work hard and sweat. The boxing pads （防护垫） were my favorite， but my punches weren’t strong enough. 　　After participating in more practices， we had learned how to punch in six different ways. The boys were improving a lot on their strength， and Lea with her speed. What about me？ Well， I had a hard time seeing the difference. Mr Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger， and this was what helped motivate me to continue. 　　Each practice there was at least one boy who would make fun of me and say， “Oh， you’re too short to box. Mr Vernon has to bend down when you are on the boxing pads； oh， you’re not strong enough； you punch like a mouse.” 　　I know those comments were not to hurt me， but just to have fun. It’s true. I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence； but hearing those comments can either bring you down， or make you feel motivated to show them they are wrong. In my case， they started to discourage me. I didn’t have the strength to think they were wrong， and part of me thought that they were speaking the truth. I hid it inside my heart because I thought that showing I was doubting myself would make it worse. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 　　Then came one particular practice.　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 The experience taught me a great lesson.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　Then came one particular practice. Somehow I was mad and angry， which made my punches suddenly stronger and faster. What amazed me was that gradually I just didn’t have that anger in me. After the practice， all my classmates burst into cheers for my great performance and Mr Vernon also said that I was making great progress. With his praise I finally found the strength I needed. In the following practices， he was impressed with my good boxing skills， because they were getting powerful. 　　The experience taught me a great lesson. Boxing requires a lot of work and effort， but it has also taught me not to feel discouraged about what others say. Thanks to boxing， I have gradually realized that being short doesn’t define me. If we focus on our strong points and improve our weak ones， there is no reason for us to feel disappointed. Day by day I am becoming increasingly confident， definitely sure nothing will limit me to doing what tall or strong people can do. 19 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $