UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
定语从句复习
阅读下列句子并体会加蓝部分的用法。
1.Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language.
2.I spent one term in the UK，where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking.
3.There were times when questions like “...would be met with the reply ...” ...way of communicating.
4.So polite， in fact， that they will sometimes say the complete opposite of what they really mean： a common opinion is “It’s not bad”，which usually translates as “It’s awful”.
5.Now， when speaking to Americans， who have a preference for the direct style， I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.
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6.As my experiences clearly show， learning a language is just the beginning！
【我的发现】
（1）限制性定语从句指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对修饰的对象加以限制。在从句中，关系代词或关系副词前没有 逗号 ，如句 1、3 。
（2）非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句的补充说明，通常用 逗号 与主句隔开，如句 2、4、5、6 。 that 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
1.引导定语从句的常用关系代词的用法
关系代词 | 先行词 | 在从句中所作的成分 |
who | 人 | 主语、宾语 |
whom | 人 | 宾语 |
which | 物 | 主语、宾语 |
that | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语 |
whose | 人或物 | 定语 |
as | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语 |
The man who/that is standing at the gate is my uncle.
站在门口的那个男人是我叔叔。
The building that/which stands by the river is a new school.
矗立在河边的那栋建筑是一所新学校。
However， because of poverty，Nolan has to leave high school and find a job， whose life is full of ups and downs.
然而，由于贫困，诺兰不得不从高中辍学去找工作，他的生活充满了起起落落。
As we all know， he is a kind-hearted man.
众所周知，他是个善良的人。
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
像你描述的这样的人现在很少见了。
2.关系代词that和which的用法区别
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只用that 的情况 | 先行词是all， much， few， little， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one等不定代词时 |
先行词被any， few， little， much， some， no等词修饰或被the only， the very， the same， the last等修饰时 | |
先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 | |
先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时 | |
先行词既指人又指物时 | |
主句是以who， which， what等开头的特殊疑问句时 | |
只用which 的情况 | 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that |
介词后用which，不用that |
There is little that can be done to change the situation.
几乎没什么能做的来改变这种状况了。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
This is the only book that I really enjoy.
这是我唯一真正喜欢的书。
She is the most intelligent student that the teacher has ever taught.
她是这位老师教过的最聪明的学生。
Which is the kindergarten that you used to be studying in？
你以前在哪个幼儿园上学？
I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①He failed the exam again， which made his parents very sad.
②The professor whom/who/that we met in the library is an expert in this field.
③The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard and is bound to succeed.
④Is there anything else that you asked me to do for you？
⑤This is one of the most exciting basketball games that my nephew has ever seen.
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