UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

本讲义围绕“有效沟通”核心主题，系统梳理沟通的定义（发送者与接收者信息交换过程）、关键要素（编码、发送、解码、反馈）及核心技巧（对象分析、肢体语言、同理心），构建“语篇架构-精读理解-语言表达”三阶学习支架，涵盖词汇构词规律（如名词+en前缀）、重点句型（not only...but also..., only+状语从句倒装）等语言知识。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，通过文本架构分析（三步法）训练逻辑思维，跨文化沟通案例（如商务谈判文化差异）提升文化意识。课中语法解析（如从句省略、倒装）辅助教师高效授课，课后分层练习（词汇转换、阅读理解）助力学生自主查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Effective communication 　　If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room， how would you react①？ Just these two words can carry a lot of information. [1]They could be interpreted as② a welcoming greeting from a close friend， especially if accompanied by a gentle③ smile.[2]When spoken by a stranger， they can function as a means of attracting your attention. [3]Much of what we communicate is dependent④ not only on the words we use， but also on how we use them. So， let’s look a little deeper into the topic of communication. 　　[1]该句为主从复合句，主句中的主语They 指代上文提及的these two words；从句是if引导的条件状语从句，if后面省略了they are，完整句子为especially if they are accompanied by a gentle smile。 　　[2]When spoken by a stranger是When引导的时间状语从句的省略，When后面省略了they are。 　　[3]句中what引导主语从句，作介词of的宾语；not only ...but also ...连接两个并列的成分。how引导宾语从句。第一个we use为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词words。 ①react vi.（对……）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 ②be interpreted as 被理解为…… ③gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的 ④dependent adj.取决于；依赖的，依靠的 be dependent on 取决于；依赖，依靠 　　Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver.The sender encodes⑤ a message and sends it face to face， or through video， telephone， mail⑥ or social media. This message is then received and decoded⑦ by the receiver.[4]In response⑧， the receiver sends an encoded message back， which is referred to as⑨ feedback⑩.This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating. 　　This communication process can be challenging but， with practice and patience， you can become a highly competent⑪ communicator. [5]To accomplish this， you need to know with whom you are communicating.What is their age or position？ What is their relationship with you？ What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have？ [6]Once you have obtained⑫ this information， you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them.[7]Depending on⑬ whether you are communicating with a stranger， friend， family member or co-worker， you will need to decide which communication channel best suits⑭ the situation. Furthermore， you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be. For example， if you are a business person negotiating⑮ with a large enterprise⑯ about a deal， you should do it face to face， using formal language in a straightforward⑰ manner. 　　[4]句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词encoded message。 　　[5]动词不定式短语To accomplish this作目的状语；whom引导宾语从句，作介词with的宾语。 　　[6]Once引导状语从句，意为“一旦”；how best to communicate with them作动词不定式to determine的宾语。 　　[7]动词-ing短语Depending on ...作状语，Depending on后接一个whether引导的宾语从句；which引导宾语从句，作动词decide的宾语。 ⑤encode vt.把……编码；把……译成电码（或密码） ⑥mail n.电子邮件；邮政；邮件 ⑦decode vt.解（码），破译（尤指密码） ⑧in response作为回应，作为回答 ⑨be referred to as 被称作，被称为 ⑩feedback n.反馈的意见（或信息） ⑪ competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的 ⑫ obtain vt.获得，赢得 ⑬ depend on 取决于；依靠，依赖 ⑭ suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n.套装，西装，西服 ⑮ negotiate vi.& vt.谈判；商定，达成（协议） ⑯ enterprise n.公司，企业；规划，事业 ⑰ straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的 in a straightforward manner 以直截了当的方式 　　Your body language is equally important， since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes.Make sure⑱ it clearly supports the message you want to deliver.[8] A smile shows you are attentive⑲ to the issues being discussed， while looking away with your arms folded⑳ can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction㉑.[9]Additionally， you should not ignore the other person’s body language， which will give you clues as to㉒ whether the conversation is going well or not. When you notice a change in the other person’s body language， you should adjust how you are communicating accordingly. If someone looks at you with a confused expression， this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point. Then you will need to clarify㉓ your message before moving on. 　　[8]本句整体上是并列连词while连接的并列句，while意为“然而”。前一个分句中的宾语从句you are attentive to the issues being discussed省略了引导词that；后一个分句中动词-ing短语looking away with your arms folded作主语。 　　[9]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词body language；whether the conversation is going well or not作as to的宾语。 ⑱ make sure确保，务必 ⑲ attentive adj.细心的；注意的；留心的 ⑳ fold vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n.褶，褶层，折叠部分 ㉑friction n.争执；摩擦；摩擦力 ㉒as to 关于，至于 ㉓ clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明 　　[10]While being knowledgeable㉔ about body language is vital， the value of empathy㉕ should not be understated㉖. Seek to understand the other person’s emotions， by putting yourself in their shoes㉗ and looking at the situation from their perspective.[11]Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner， who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive. To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective， you may express your sympathy㉘ by， for instance， saying， “I understand how you feel ...” However， some issues may be complicated and you may be confused about why others feel the way they do.[12]Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for㉙ their emotions and empathize㉚ with them.[13] You may not approve of㉛ their ideas but at least㉜ you will see where they are coming from， which means you can make adjustments to your own tone㉝ and choice of words accordingly. 　　[10]While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句中动词-ing短语being knowledgeable about body language作主语。 　　[11]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词partner。 　　[12]“only＋状语从句”位于句首，后面句子使用部分倒装。 　　[13]句中where引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 ㉔knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的 be knowledgeable about对……很在行 ㉕ empathy n.同感，共鸣，同情 ㉖ understate vt.轻描淡写；避重就轻地说 ㉗ put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 ㉘sympathy n.同情；赞同 ㉙ account for sth 是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占 ㉚ empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣 ㉛ approve vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等） 　approve of 赞成，赞同 ㉜ at least 至少 ㉝tone n.语气，腔调；风格，特色 　　Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others.[14]Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain㉞ respect， allowing relationships to become more positive and productive. So， get practising and good luck！ 　　[14]动词-ing短语allowing relationships ... 作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 ㉞gain vt. & vi.获得；增进，增长；（从……中）受益 n.好处，利益 参考译文 有效沟通 　　如果你听到有人从房间另一头喊“嘿，朋友！”，你会有什么反应？仅仅这两个词就能承载很多信息。它们（这两个词）可以解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候，特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。当一个陌生人这样说时，这句话可以当作吸引你注意力的一种方式。我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。因此，让我们更深入地了解一下沟通这个话题。 　　沟通是一位发送者和一位接收者之间交换信息的过程。发送者对一条信息进行编码然后当面发送出去，或是通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体。这条信息随后被接收者收到并解码。作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。这条反馈再被原先的发送者解码，然后整个过程不断循环往复，直到他们完成沟通。 　　这一沟通的过程可能是具有挑战性的，但是经过练习且拥有耐心，你就可以成为一名技术高超的沟通者。要实现这个目标，你需要知道你在和谁沟通。他们的年龄多大或者职位如何？他们和你是什么关系？他们有什么期待、是什么文化背景？一旦获得了这些信息，你就可以据此决定如何最好地与他们沟通。根据你是否在跟一位陌生人、朋友、家人或者同事在沟通，你将需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合当下的情况。此外，你还要决定使用何种恰当的风格，以及选词应该有多复杂。例如，如果你是一个商人，正在与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地，用正式的语言，以直截了当的方式进行沟通。 　　你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它可以透露很多关于你的想法和态度的信息。确保你的肢体语言明确地支持你想要传达的信息。微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。此外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，它会为你提供线索，告诉你谈话进行得顺利与否。当你注意到对方的肢体语言产生变化时，你应该相应地调整你的沟通方式。如果有人用困惑的表情看着你，这可能表明他们还没有完全理解你的观点。然后在继续对话之前，你将需要进一步阐明你的信息。 　　虽然了解肢体语言至关重要，但是也不应轻视同理心的价值。通过设身处地从对方的角度看问题来试着理解对方的情绪。假设你正在和你的合作伙伴讨论一个项目，对方刚刚输掉了一场重要的篮球比赛，因而表现不积极。为了让他（她）专注到讨论中来，并且使你的沟通更为有效，你可以通过语言表达你的同感，比如对他 （她）说：“我理解你的感受……”。然而，有些问题可能是复杂的，你可能会对其他人为什么会有那样的感受或行为感到困惑。只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时才能了解他们为什么有这样的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会明白这些想法从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。 　　有效沟通会让你妥善处理不同意见和分歧，改善与他人的互动。良好的沟通技巧也会帮助你建立信任、赢得尊重，让人际关系变得更加积极且富有成效。所以，开始练习吧，祝你好运！ 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks. 　 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.Why does the author mention “the sender” and “the receiver” in paragraph 2？（　　） A.To present a fact. B.To clarify a concept. C.To explain a feeling. D.To make a comparison. 2.In order to be a highly competent communicator， what information should you obtain？（　　） ①With whom you are communicating？ ②What is their age or job position？ ③What is their relationship with you？ ④What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have？ A.①②③　　　　　 B.②③④ C.①②④　　 D.①②③④ 3.What does “ this ” refer to in the second sentence of paragraph 3？（　　） A.Practising communication. B.Knowing who we communicate with. C.Becoming a highly competent communicator. D.Choosing the correct communication channel. 4.What can we learn from paragraph 4？（　　） A.Only your body language is important. B.The other person’s body language should be ignored. C.Both you and the other person’s body languages matter a lot. D.Body language is entirely useless during the communication. 5.What does “putting yourself in their shoes” mean in paragraph 5？（　　） A.You may be confused about why others feel the way they do. B.You can make some issues easy to deal with by trying others’ shoes. C.You should try the other person’s shoes to see whether they fit you. D.You should understand the other person’s emotions from their points of view. 答案：1－5　BDCCD 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 （1）名词＋en前缀/后缀构成动词 ①code→encode vt.把……编码；把……译成电码（或密码） ②danger→endanger vt.危害；危及；使遭危险 ③courage→encourage vt.鼓励，激励 ④strength→strengthen vt.加强 ⑤length→lengthen vt.使变长 （2）后缀-able结尾形容词集锦 ①knowledgeable 博学的，有见识的 ②reliable 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 ③unbelievable 不可相信的；难以置信的 ④available 可利用的；可得到的 ⑤acceptable 可接受的；受欢迎的 ⑥admirable 令人钦佩的；值得赞美的 ⑦comfortable 舒适的；惬意的 ⑧fashionable 流行的；时髦的 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 本文的语篇类型为讲座文稿。作者运用了下定义、排比、举例子、习语等写作手法增强了语言表达效果。 请从课文中找出对应句子并翻译。 （1）下定义：是一种用简洁明确的语言对事物的本质特征作概括的写作手法。 　Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver.　 （2）排比：是把三个或三个以上意义相关或相近、结构相同或相似、语言一致的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的一种修辞手法。 　What is their age or position？ What is their relationship with you？ What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have？　 （3）举例子：是通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来说明事物或事理的写作手法。 　For example， if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal， you should do it face to face， using formal language in a straightforward manner.　 （4）习语，也称惯用语，是经过人们长期运用，已经相对固定的表达方式。 　Seek to understand the other person’s emotions， by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.　 核心词汇集释 1.react vi.（对……）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 教材原句　If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room， how would you react？ 如果你听到有人从房间另一头喊“嘿，朋友！”，你会有什么反应？ 【用法】 （1）react to　　 对……作出反应，起反应 react （with sth）　（与某物）起化学反应，发生化学变化 react against　　反对；反抗 （2）reaction n.　 　反应；回应 reaction to ...　　对……的反应 sb’s first/immediate reaction　　某人的第一/即时反应 【佳句】　Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way.　（建议信） 只有当我们冷静地应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能以更好的方式解决问题。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Different people have different 　reactions　 （react） to the announcement of garbage sorting. ②Gases from organic material buried deep in the earth can also escape to the surface，where they react 　with　 oxygen. ③The football player reacted 　against　 the judge’s decision by withdrawing from the match. ④Reacting 　to　 body language is an important component of being a teacher. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤But when you share a story with your friends， you care a lot more 　how they react　. 但当你和朋友分享一个故事时，你更关心他们的反应。 2.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 教材原句　Seek to understand the other person’s emotions， by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective. 通过设身处地从对方的角度看问题来试着理解对方的情绪。 【用法】 （1）be in sb’s shoes　处于某人的境地，设身处地 if I were in your shoes 　　（引出建议）要是我处在你的境地，换了我是你的话 （2）step into sb’s shoes＝fill sb’s shoes/boots 　　妥善代职，接替某人的工作 （3）shake in one’s shoes 　　非常害怕（或紧张）；战战兢兢；心惊肉跳 【佳句】　If I were in your shoes， I’d go there with him. 如果我是你的话，我会同他一起去那里。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When I see homeless people on the street， I try to imagine being 　in　 their shoes to understand their struggles better. ②When Bill’s father died， he had to step 　into　 his father’s shoes to support the family. 【写美】　完成句子 ③If you 　put yourself in my shoes/are in my shoes　， perhaps you’ll stop complaining. 如果你处于我的境地，也许你就不会再抱怨了。 ④She 　was shaking in her shoes　 before the big job interview， worried that she wouldn’t perform well. 在大型求职面试前，她紧张得浑身发抖，担心自己表现不好。 3.sympathy n.同情；赞同 教材原句　To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective， you may express your sympathy by， for instance， saying， “I understand how you feel ...” 为了让他（她）专注到讨论中来，并且使你的沟通更为有效，你可以通过语言表达你的同感，比如对他（她）说：“我理解你的感受……”。 【用法】 （1）have/express/feel/show sympathy for sb　向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情 out of sympathy （for ...）　　出于（对……的）同情 in sympathy with　　同情；赞同 （2）sympathize v.　　同情 sympathetic adj.　　同情的，有同情心的 sympathetically adv.　　同情地 【佳句】　（2025·全国二卷）She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead. 她通常与他们的常规老师合作，以获得在他们的母校使用的课程和测试。一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①We should feel sympathy 　for　 the disabled rather than make fun of them. ②　Out　 of sympathy for the earthquake victims， the kind-hearted lady gave away her clothes and quilts to them. ③She was very 　sympathetic　 （sympathy） to the problems of adult students. 【写美】　词汇升级 ④Mrs Meredith was sympathetic to the poor，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time. →Mrs Meredith 　had sympathy for the poor　， so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time. 4.account for sth 是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占 教材原句　Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. 只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时才能了解他们为什么有这样的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。 【用法】 （1）account n.　 账户；描述 vt.　　解释；认为是 take ...into account/consideration＝take account of ...　　考虑…… open/close an account　　开户/销户 of no/little account　　不重要；无足轻重 （2）on account of　　由于；因为 （3）on no account　　决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装） （4）give an account of　　对……进行描述 【佳句】　The bad weather accounted for the low turnout at the outdoor event. 恶劣的天气是户外活动出席人数少的原因。 The brain accounts for merely three per cent of body weight.大脑仅占体重的3％。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The increase in sales can be accounted 　for　 by our effective marketing strategy. ②I’d appreciate it if you could take my application 　into　 account at your convenience. 【写美】　完成句子/词汇升级 ③On no account 　can we ignore　 the importance of environmental protection. 我们决不能忽视环境保护的重要性。 ④I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. →I sincerely hope that you will 　take　 my suggestions 　into account/consideration　.　（建议信） 5.approve vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等） 教材原句　You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from， which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly. 你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会明白这些想法是从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。 【用法】 （1）approve sth　批准/通过某事 approve of　　赞成，赞同 approve of （sb/sb’s） doing sth　　同意/赞成（某人）做某事 （2）approval n.　　赞成，同意；批准，通过 give one’s approval to　　赞成，同意；批准 meet with sb’s approval 得到某人的赞许 without the approval of　未经……许可 （3）disapproval n.　　不赞同，反对 approving adj.　　赞成的，同意的 approved adj.　　经核准的，被认可的 【佳句】　We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal. ＝We would be grateful if you could give your approval to our proposal. 如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①You made a good decision， and I thoroughly approve 　of　 it. ②I approve of your 　trying　 （try） to earn some money， but please don’t neglect your study. ③Alan is someone who always needs the 　approval　 （approve） of other people. ④His mother leaned forward and gave him an 　approving　 （approve） look. ⑤Sensing my 　disapproval　 （approve）， she would turn her head so I wouldn’t see her hidden disappointment.　（场景描写） 【写美】　同义句转换 ⑥The mother didn’t give her approval to her daughter going out at night. →The mother didn’t 　approve of her daughter going out　 at night. 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：“not only ...but also ...”结构 教材原句　Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use， but also on how we use them.我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。 【用法】 （1）not only ... but also ... 意为“不仅……而且……”，用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分（如：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语），也可以用来连接两个句子，着重强调后者，其中also有时可以省略。 （2）not only ... but also ... 连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词和but also后的主语保持人称和数的一致。 （3）not only ... but also ... 连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的句子不用倒装。 【品悟】　Through this experience， not only did I get used to being independent， but I discovered my potential.通过这次经历，我不仅习惯了独立，而且发现了自己的潜力。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①Not only my parents but also I 　am fond of traveling around　， so we travel every year. 不仅我的父母，而且我也喜欢四处旅行，所以我们每年都会去旅行。 ②Firstly， Beijing is the capital of China.Besides， Beijing is 　not only the political center but also the economic center　 of our country.　（推荐信） 首先，北京是中国的首都。此外，北京不仅是我国的政治中心，而且是我国的经济中心。 ③Practicing Chinese kung fu can not only build up one’s strength， but also develop one’s character. →Not only 　can practicing Chinese kung fu build up one’s strength　， but also develop one’s character. 2.句型公式：“only＋状语从句”位于句首引起的部分倒装 教材原句　Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. 只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时才能了解他们为什么有这样的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。 【用法】 （1）only放在句首修饰状语（通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等）时，句子需要部分倒装。其结构为：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他。 （2）“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。 （3）only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。 【品悟】　Only if you follow the rules can you stay safe. 只有当你遵守规则时，你才能保证安全。 Only she can finish this difficult task in time. 只有她才能及时完成这项艰巨的任务。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①Only by understanding each other 　can we spend　 those days together happily. 只有通过相互理解我们才能一起开心地度过那些日子。 ②Only then 　did I realize　 the importance of health. 那时我才意识到健康的重要性。 ③Only after he left our school 　did I find the note　. 直到他离开我们学校后我才发现那张纸条。 ④The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way. →Only in this way 　can the children grow up　 mentally and physically healthy. 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.（外研必修三）And just look at how her dress is being 　folded　 （折叠） by the wind！I really can’t believe she’s made of stone. 2.（北师大选必二）At Oxford， he 　obtained　 （获得） his master’s degree in electrical engineering. 3.They rely on mails　 on computers to communicate with overseas partners due to the time-zone difference. 4.“We’re so pleased to meet you at last，” he said in a respectful tone　 of voice. 5.The purpose of this report is to 　clarify　 （澄清） some points made at our last meeting. 6.（人教选必四）Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered 　sympathy　 （同情） by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 维度二：词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.She looked at her parents hopefully， seeking their 　approval　 （approve） for the weekend trip. 2.The professor is a 　knowledgeable　 （knowledge） person and has lots of experience on developing new software. 3.Scientists carefully observed the chemical 　reactions　 （react） taking place in the test tube. 4.The boy held the bird 　gently　 （gentle） in the palm of his hand for fear of hurting it. 5.A 　competent　 （competence） teacher can make even the most difficult subjects understandable to students. 6.Your task is to help rural readers understand your message quickly and 　precisely　 （precise）. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.当被问及她未来的计划时，她微笑着，保持沉默。（状语从句的省略） 　When （she was） asked about her future plans　， she smiled and remained silent. 2.不仅是她的妈妈，而且她的姐姐们也要来看她。（not only ...but also ...） 　Not only her mother but also her sisters are　 coming to see her. 3.我们应该教孩子们在危险中如何生存。 （“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构） We should 　teach children how to survive　 when in danger. 4.当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。 （部分倒装） 　Only when　 Lily walked into the office 　did she realize　 that she had left the contract at home. 5.对于这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一种独一无二的体验，它让一些人感受到脆弱的同时也让另一些人感受到强大。（动词-ing形式作结果状语） （外研必修三）For these people， climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other， 　making some feel weak and others， powerful　. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Those who don’t live in cities often complain about or feel surprised at the fact that strangers don’t talk to each other in urban public places.They feel sorry about the way we seem to increasingly get lost in mobile devices， seemingly oblivious to what’s going on around us.But sociologists recognize that the space we give each other in the urban places serves an important social function. 　　Well-known sociologist Erving Goffman developed the concept of “civil inattention” in his book Behavior in Public Places.Far from ignoring those around us， Goffman proved that what we’re actually doing is pretending to be unaware of what others are doing around us， therefore providing them a sense of privacy， as they do the same for us.Goffman proved in his research that civil inattention typically involves at first a mirror form of social interaction， like very brief eye contact， the exchange of head nods， or weak smiles.Following that， both parties then typically move their eyes from the other party. 　　Goffman theorized that what we achieve， socially speaking， with this kind of interaction， is mutual （相互的） recognition that the other present causes no threat to our security， and we both agree， tacitly （默契地）， to let the other alone to do as they please.When we provide civil inattention to others， we effectively approve their behavior.Sometimes， we use civil inattention to save face when we’ve done something we feel embarrassed by， or to help manage the embarrassment that another might feel if we witness them trip， or drop something. 　　Civil inattention is thus not a problem， but an important part of maintaining social order in public.We expect it from others and see it as normal behavior.We may feel threatened by someone who doesn’t give it to us.This is why women feel threatened by those who catcall （发嘘声） to them， and why for some men， simply being stared at by another is enough to cause a physical fight. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过“礼貌性疏忽”这一概念，解释了城市中陌生人互不关注的现象。因此，礼貌性疏忽不是一个问题，而是维护公共秩序的重要组成部分。 1.How does the author begin this text？（　　） A.By giving people a warning. B.By describing a way of socializing. C.By comparing some people’s feelings. D.By giving a problem with technology. 解析：B　推理判断题。第一段首句描述了一种社交方式：陌生人在城市公共场所不说话。末句阐述了社会学家对此的看法。由此推断，文章通过描述一种社交方式来开始叙述。 2.What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 1 most probably mean？（　　） A.Tired of.　 B.Unsure about. C.Unaware of.　 D.Curious about. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，“我们”貌似越来越沉迷于移动设备，对于身边发生的事情是不关注的。oblivious to表示“对……是无意识的”。 3.What do we actually mean when we look away from a stranger， according to Goffman？（　　） A.We are ignoring him on a rude basis. B.We are showing our respect for others’ privacy. C.We are worrying that we could lose our belongings. D.We are protecting ourselves from physical attacks. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，当我们把目光从陌生人身上移开时，我们实际上是在表达对他人隐私的尊重。 4.What can be learned from the text about civil inattention？（　　） A.Civil inattention has positive effects on social interaction. B.Civil inattention helps save face when we’ve done wrong to others. C.Civil inattention isn’t linked to social interaction according to Goffman. D.Civil inattention is a type of normal behavior which we may feel threatened. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段及最后一段第一句可知，礼貌性疏忽的结果是我们都心照不宣地同意让对方去做他们喜欢做的事，它是维护公共社会秩序的重要组成部分。由此推断，礼貌性疏忽对社会互动有积极影响。 B 　　（2025·江苏南通海安市实验中学月考）After losing an important deal in India， a business negotiator learned that her counterpart （对方） felt as if she had been rushing through the talks.The business negotiator thought she was being efficient with their time.Their cultures have different views on how to conduct negotiations， and in this case the barrier prevented a successful outcome. 　　Research shows that deal-making across cultures tends to lead to worse outcomes as compared with negotiations conducted within the same culture.As we know， cultures are characterized by different behaviors， communication styles and norms （准则）.Consequently， when negotiating across cultures， we bring different views to the bargaining table， which in turn may result in potential misunderstandings that can lead to a lower likelihood of discovering value-creating solutions. 　　Cultural conflict in negotiations is linked with the fact that we， at most times， interpret others’ behaviors， values， and beliefs through the lens （透镜） of our own culture.To overcome this， it is important to research the customs and behaviors of different cultures as well as understand why people follow these customs and exhibit these behaviors in the first place. 　　Just as important， not only do countries have unique cultures， but teams do too.Before partaking in any negotiation， take the time to study the context and the person on the other side of the bargaining table， including the various cultures to which he belongs， whether the culture of engineering or his particular company’s culture.The more you know about the client， the better off you’ll do in any negotiation. 　　Therefore， the negotiator has learned her Indian counterpart will appreciate a slower pace with more opportunities for relationship building.She seems to have run into the issue： Using time efficiently in the course of negotiations is generally valued in the United States， but in India， there’s often a greater focus on building relationships early in the process.By doing research on the clients’ cultures， they can adjust their negotiation method and give themselves a better chance of creating a valuable negotiation experience for both themselves and their counterpart. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何通过了解不同的文化来应对文化冲突，从而在跨文化谈判中达成合作。 5.What led to the woman’s failure in negotiation with her Indian counterpart？（　　） A.Lack of preparation for time management. B.The cultural gap between counterparts. C.Her inefficient ability to communicate. D.Conflicts of interest in business strategies. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，双方的文化差异导致了生意谈判失败。 6.According to the research， why do cross-cultural negotiations often have worse outcomes？（　　） A.They require more time to reach agreements. B.Cultural conflicts increase financial costs. C.Negotiators tend to avoid direct communication. D.Cultural misunderstandings are to blame. 解析：D　细节理解题。 根据第二段可知，跨文化谈判结果不佳的原因是文化误解。 7.What does the author mainly want to say in paragraph 4？（　　） A.Meeting culture shock is fairly common. B.People should respect cultural differences. C.Culture research is vital before negotiating. D.Cross-culture conflicts result from ignorance. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可推知，作者想要表达的是在谈判前进行调查研究很有必要，对对方的文化越了解，越有利于谈判的进行。 8.What is the function of the last paragraph？（　　） A.To draw a regrettable conclusion. B.To summarize the mentioned negotiation case. C.To share a distinctive opinion on the case. D.To propose an efficient negotiation method. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段，并结合上文可知，最后一段给案例中的人提供了具体的建议。由此推断，其作用是总结提到的谈判案例。 C 　　（2025·湖南郴州联考）“The Analects of Confucius， commonly known as Lunyu， stands as a distinguished example of world literature.The publication of its Maltese translation will further enrich cultural exchanges between China and Malta，” says Salvatore Giuffrè， a Maltese sinologist and the translator of the book. 　　Giuffrè has been studying Chinese since his teenage years.During his time as a Chinese major student in Italy， he came into contact with classical Chinese.“I needed to learn classical Chinese to grasp the central meaning of Chinese literary culture and philosophy，” he explains.Consequently， he translated the book directly from the original version. 　　“Lunyu was composed in a dense （紧凑的） and brief manner， which makes understanding it rather challenging，” he states.Giuffrè usually referenced versions of the book written in modern Chinese to explain certain terms that he found unclear， obscure or hard to understand.He also added comments and explanations to make the text easier for Maltese readers to understand. 　　Giuffrè dedicated approximately two years to making the book accessible to Maltese readers， particularly young students， through translation.Currently， the Maltese version is available for local readers.It includes an introduction to Confucius’s life， the era he lived， his teachings， and the key concepts， terms， names and figures mentioned in the book. 　　“I aimed to make it accessible to a broader readership，” Giuffrè states.“I hope my translation will aid in the spread of Chinese culture and philosophy in Malta.” He expresses the hope that cooperation between China and Malta in the publishing sector will foster opportunities for additional translation projects of literary works. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了马耳他汉学家Giuffrè翻译《论语》至马耳他语的过程及其对促进中马文化交流的意义。 9.What does the first paragraph do？（　　） A.To introduce the subject of the passage. B.To provide detailed information. C.To emphasize the importance of Lunyu. D.To make the passage persuasive. 解析：A　推理判断题。第一段主要介绍了《论语》及其马耳他语译本的出版将对中马文化交流产生的意义，引出了文章的主题。由此推断，第一段的作用是引入文章的主题。 10.What does the underlined word “obscure” mean in paragraph 3？（　　） A.Expressive.　 B.Impressive. C.Unsuitable.　 D.Puzzling. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，obscure应该与unclear和hard to understand意思相近，表示“令人困惑的，费解的”。 11.Which of the following is TRUE about the Maltese version of Lunyu？（　　） A.It is well received by local readers. B.It mainly introduces the stories of Confucius. C.It can help young students learn about Confucius. D.It took Giuffrè about two years to make comments. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，马耳他语版的《论语》包括孔子生平、生活时代、其教诲以及书中提到的关键概念、术语、名字和人物等。因此，马耳他语版的《论语》可以帮助年轻学生了解孔子。 12.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（　　） A.Many Maltese began to learn Chinese culture. B.Giuffrè’s translation has a broad readership in Malta. C.Giuffrè hopes to cooperate with the Chinese publishing sector. D.Giuffrè wants to do more for a cross-cultural dialogue through publication. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，Giuffrè想通过出版为跨文化对话做更多的事情。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　One of the many lessons we were forced to learn from the pandemic was the importance of social interaction， and the negative effects on social isolation.And even outside of our close relationships with friends and family， weak social ties are also necessary to our sense of well-being.I know how easy it is to close yourself off from interactions with strangers.13.（　　） 　　Recent research shows that even weak social interactions — like a quick exchange with a stranger on the sidewalk — contribute positively to our well-being.It is easy to live life with your head down， avoiding the far ends of your social network， like classmates you never chat with or neighbors whose names you don’t remember.14.（　　） But by avoiding such tiny interactions， you could be robbing yourself of potential happiness. 　　Take a look at your social network.Think about your favorite coffee shop， your grocery store， your gym — every day we cross paths with some of the same people.15.（　　） Then you’re no longer strangers， and now have mutual familiarity. 　　16.（　　） Consider taking out your ear buds， shifting your gaze from your phone， and smiling at others.You might start identifying familiar faces to introduce yourself to later， you might be making yourself available to someone who needs directions， or you might simply feel less lonely from a small wave or nod from a stranger. 　　Don’t be disturbing.17.（　　） Don’t force conversation with someone who clearly wants to be alone.If you are concerned that your small talk is making the other person feel in danger， listen to that instinct.However， if what’s holding you back is a fear of awkwardness or embarrassment， then push yourself to beat that anxiety. A.Look up， literally！ B.Respect people’s boundaries. C.You may not regard your life as lacking. D.Do you want to avoid unwanted interactions？ E.Take the brave first step to introduce yourself. F.Sadly， you have to think through the positive effects of conversations. G.However， building tiny relationships with some acquaintance has a powerful impact. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会互动的重要性以及与人的沟通方式。 13.G　上文说与陌生人隔绝也许很容易；下文说的是社会互动对我们的好处。由此可知，空处应与上文构成转折关系，指出与他人建立联系很有必要。 14.C　根据上文内容及空后一句可知，C项（你可能并不觉得缺少什么）与上文话题一致，且与下文回避社会互动构成转折。 15.E　根据空后一句可知，空处应提到一种做法，打破与陌生人的界线。E项指出要把自己介绍给别人，与人沟通。 16.A　该空是本段主旨句，应该用祈使句并概括本段内容。A项中的Look up呼应下文中的shifting your gaze from your phone。 17.B　根据设空前后句可知，要尊重别人的界线。B项符合语境。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $