UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语状语从句复习这一核心知识点，系统梳理时间（when/while/as、before/since等）、条件、地点、原因、结果、让步等九种状语从句类型，结合例句解析连词用法，同步融入resign、guilty等词汇的用法讲解，通过即时演练、单句语法填空、语篇填空等练习构建“理论讲解-例句分析-练习巩固”的学习支架，形成完整知识脉络。 该资料以学生核心素养发展为导向，通过表格对比（如when/while/as的谓语动词及用法差异）、语境化例句（如黄旭华事迹）提升语言理解与表达能力，设计“我的发现”环节引导自主归纳，培养分析与推断的思维品质。多维度练习（基础题型、语法与写作、语法与语篇）兼顾课中教学互动和课后自主复习，助力学生查漏补缺，落实学习能力的培养。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 状语从句复习 阅读下列句子并体会加蓝部分连词的用法。 1.He knew that if he came back， he could help advance science in China. 2.When he had to go away on business， he always chose the midnight flight so that he did not miss any work in the daytime. 3.Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to his country. 4.Since he spent so much time on work， he was unable to see his family very often. 5.In fact， he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health. 6.Although he spent many years in the UK，Huang’s heart never left his homeland. 【我的发现】 （1）句1是　条件　状语从句； （2）句2是　时间　状语从句； （3）句3是　地点　状语从句； （4）句4是　原因　状语从句； （5）句5是　结果　状语从句； （6）句6是　让步　状语从句。 　　状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句和地点状语从句九种。 一、时间状语从句 1.when、while与as引导的时间状语从句 连词 从句谓语动词 用法 when 延续性动词或非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生 while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，意为“一边……一边……；随着” When you apply for a job，you must present your application. 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的申请表。 When/While the teacher paraphrased the text，the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。 As it gets warmer and warmer， the trees begin to come to life. 随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。 2.before与since引导的时间状语从句 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前；还未……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及…… it will be＋一段时间＋before ...“过……（时间）才……” it won’t be long before ... “不久就……” it was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了……（时间）才……” since 自从……以来 it is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...（从句用一般过去时）“自从……以来已经有……（时间）了” Before they reached the house，a new great wave came， sweeping them down too. 在他们到达那所房子之前，又一波巨浪袭来，将他们也卷走了。 It will be half a year before I come back. 要过半年我才能回来。 It won’t be long before we meet again. 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 It is/has been five years since he left. 自从他离开已经五年了。 3.表示“一……就……”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句 （1）引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly，hardly/scarcely ...when，no sooner ...than ...等。 I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport. 我一到机场就给你打电话。 I will go there directly/immediately/instantly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我将立即到那里去。 The instant/moment/minute the bell rang， the students rushed out of the classroom. 铃一响，学生们就冲出了教室。 （2）在hardly/scarcely ...when，no sooner ...than ...中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner ...和hardly/scarcely ...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had I sat down when the phone rang. 我刚坐下电话就响了。 No sooner had the game started than it began to rain. 比赛一开始就下起了雨。 4.until与till引导的时间状语从句 （1）until与till引导时间状语从句的区别 连词 位置 用法 until 可以放在句首 not ...until可用于强调句 till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句 （2）until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词；用于否定句时，表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。 （3）not until置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 They waited until/till I returned. 他们一直等着，直到我回来。 He didn’t leave the office until he finished all the work. 直到完成所有工作，他才离开办公室。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。 Not until she saw the present did she feel happy. 直到看到礼物她才感到高兴。 5.引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词（短语） （1）其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after，whenever，every time，each time，next time，the first/last time，any time，by the time，the day/year等。 Next time you come to Beijing， you must visit the Great Wall. 下次你来北京，一定要去参观长城。 Every time I express an opinion， she always argues back.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。 （2）by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。 By the time you come back， we will have finished the job. 等你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。 By the time I arrived at the station， the train had already left. 当我到达车站的时候，火车已经开走了。 【即时演练1】　单句语法填空 ①　When/While　 I was watching TV， my sister was doing her homework in the next room. ②It was some time 　before　 the noise outside stopped and I could fall asleep. ③The little boy didn’t stop crying 　until　 his mother bought him an ice cream. ④No sooner had the car stopped 　than　 a group of children surrounded it. 二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句 1.地点状语从句 地点状语从句常由where， wherever等引导，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。where与wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。 Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 The explorers will set up their tents wherever they find a suitable place. 探险家们会在他们找到合适地方的任何地方搭建帐篷。 2.条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词（短语）有if，only if，unless，as/so long as，in case，once，on condition that，provided/providing （that），supposing/suppose （that），assuming that等。 You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 As long as you keep practicing， your English will improve gradually. 只要你坚持练习，你的英语就会逐渐提高。 Supposing that they refuse us， who else can we turn to for help？ 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁呢？ 3.在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。 In case there is a fire， what will we do first？ 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？ 【即时演练2】　完成句子 ①　Where you are standing　， you can see the beautiful scenery clearly. 在你站的地方，你能清楚地看到美丽的风景。 ②　Once you make a promise　， you should keep it. 一旦你做出承诺，就应该遵守。 ③Take an umbrella with you 　in case it rains　. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。 三、原因状语从句和目的状语从句 1.because/as/since/now （that）引导的原因状语从句 连词（短语） 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调 because 主句前或后 直接原因 强 能 能 as 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now （that） 通常位于主句前 I like this book because it tells interesting stories. 我喜欢这本书，因为它讲述了有趣的故事。 I can’t go with you， as I have a lot of work to do. 我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 Now that/Since everyone is here， we can begin our discussion. 既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 2.in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句中常含有can，could，may，might等情态动词。 We set out early in order that we could catch the first train. 我们早早出发，以便能赶上第一班火车。 My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that he might keep up with times. 我的老父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代的步伐。 3.for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句一般要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“（should＋）动词原形”。 He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he （should） forget it. 他把名字写下来以免忘记。 【即时演练3】　完成句子 ①　Now （that） the weather has improved　， we can go on a trip. 既然天气已经好转，我们可以去旅行了。 ②My mother turned down the TV volume 　in order that I might focus on my study　. 我妈妈把电视音量调小了，以便我能专注学习。 ③He didn’t tell his parents the truth 　 for fear that they would worry about him　. 他没有告诉父母真相，怕他们会担心他。 四、结果状语从句 1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that，so ...that ...， such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ...that ...，such ...that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，其结构为： so＋＋that从句 such＋＋that从句 She was so tired that she fell asleep immediately. 她太累了，以至于立刻就睡着了。 There are so many things in the shop that it is difficult to know what to buy. 商店里的东西太多，不知道买什么好。 Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him. ＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。 2.为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such之后，that之前的内容置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions. 他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。 【即时演练4】　单句语法填空 ①They are 　such　 kind people that everyone likes them. ②The book is 　so　 interesting that I can’t put it down. ③Everybody lent a hand 　so　 that the work was finished ahead of time. 五、让步状语从句 1.although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句 （1）although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序； as也可以引导让步状语从句，常用于倒装句型，即要把从句中作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词置于句首，若表语是单数可数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 Although/Though he may be troubled， he always presents a calm smiling face. 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。 Much as/though I have traveled， I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John. 虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。 Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，他却帮助我很多。 （2）although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。 （3）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems， I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。 2.even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 I’ll do it， even if/though it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做这件事，即使它花去我整个下午的时间。 3.“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句 （1）“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋-ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。 Don’t trust him， no matter what/whatever he says. 无论他说什么都不要相信他。 （2）whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。 4.whether ...or （not） ...引导的让步状语从句 We’ll go on with the work， whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot. 不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。 【即时演练5】　单句语法填空 ①　Whoever　 you are， you must follow the rules. ②Hard 　as/though　 they tried， they couldn’t solve the problem. ③　No　 matter where you go， I will always support you. ④　Although/Though/While　 it was raining heavily， he still went to work on time. 六、其他状语从句 状语从句类型 从属连词 方式状语从句 as、 as if、as though 比较状语从句 as ...as、not as/so ...as、比较级＋than He is taller than any other student in our school. 他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。 【即时演练6】　单句语法填空 ①This problem is more difficult 　than　 that one. ②To be honest，the movie is not 　as/so　 exciting as I expected. ③She talked about Rome as if she 　had been　 （be） there before. 七、状语从句的省略 1.时间、让步、方式、地点状语从句的省略 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it，且从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 While （I was） in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. 在北京时，我参观了颐和园。 The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though （she was） angry. 这位女老师沉默地离开了教室，好像生气了。 Though （it was） cold，he still wore a shirt. 虽然天气冷，但他仍然穿了一件衬衫。 2.条件状语从句的省略 （1）在if it is possible，if it is necessary，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常省略。 Come tomorrow if （it is） possible. 如果可能的话就明天来吧。 Unless （it is） necessary，you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 如果不是必要，你最好不要查词典。 （2）在虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有had/were/should，则可省略if，把had/were/should提至句首引起倒装。 Were I（＝If I were） twenty now，I would join the army. 如果我现在二十岁，我就参军。 Had you come（＝If you had come） yesterday，you would have met her. 如果你昨天来，你就见到她了。 Should there be（＝If there should be） a flood，what should we do？ 万一发生洪水，我们该怎么办？ 【即时演练7】　单句语法填空 ①He often makes mistakes when 　speaking　 （speak） English. ②　Were　 （be） they to discover the secret， all our efforts would be in vain. 1.resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；听任，顺从 教材原句　Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.最终，他辞去了在英国的职位，回到中国，在长春的吉林大学工作。 【用法】 （1）resign from　 从……辞职 resign as　　辞去（某职务） resign one’s post/position 辞职 resign oneself to　　听任，顺从，只好接受，使自己安于…… （2）resignation n.　　辞职；辞呈；辞职信 a letter of resignation　　一封辞职信 【佳句】　He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job. 他从这家公司辞职以便能够从事更有挑战性的工作。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He had to resign 　himself　 （he） to the fact that he failed the exam and planned to study harder next time. ②Ten years ago， he resigned 　from　 a company in Beijing and went to Shenzhen to set up his own company. ③The boss was shocked when he received a letter of 　resignation　 （resign） from his most capable employee. 【写美】　完成句子 ④The manager 　resigned as the head of the department　 due to health problems. 那位经理由于健康问题辞去了部门主管的职务。 2.guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 教材原句　Lily was not happy about the photos， though.“I was feeling guilty because I was cheating my fans，” she said.不过，莉莉对这些照片并不满意。“我感到内疚，因为我欺骗了我的粉丝，”她说。 【用法】 （1）feel guilty about/at　 对……感到内疚 （2）be guilty of （doing） sth　犯有……错误的；犯有……罪行的 （3）guilt n.　　内疚，罪行；罪责 【佳句】　The police declared that he was guilty of hurting the little girl， which turned out to be a lie.However， the guys who accused him didn’t feel guilty about what they did to him. 警方宣布他伤害小女孩有罪，结果这是一个谎言。然而，那些指控他的人并没有对他所做的一切感到内疚。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I feel really guilty 　about/at　 forgetting her birthday again. ②What greatly stunned me was that he was guilty 　of　 a crime and was put in prison. ③She had feelings of 　guilt　 （guilty） about leaving her children and going to work. 【写美】　完成句子 ④The man 　was found guilty of theft and was sentenced to two years in prison. 这名男子被判盗窃罪，被判处两年监禁。 3.ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 教材原句　I was so ashamed of myself.我为自己感到羞愧。 【用法】 （1）be/feel ashamed of sb/sth　　为某人/某事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 　　耻于做某事；因惭愧而不情愿做某事 （2）shame n.　　羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt.　　使羞愧；使丢脸 to one’s shame　　 令某人惭愧的是 it’s a shame that/to do ...　　真可惜…… （3）shameful adj.　　　　可耻的；丢脸的 shameless adj.　　无耻的；没廉耻的 【佳句】　 You should be ashamed of your bad behavior in public. 你应该为你在公共场合的不良行为感到羞愧。 【点津】　ashamed意为“感到羞耻的，觉得惭愧的”，表示主语主观认为是可耻的，只能作表语；shameful表示事物本身的客观性质是“可耻的”，可作表语或定语。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The boy was 　ashamed　 （shame） to tell his mother that he had failed again. ②She felt ashamed 　of　 her son when he lied to the teacher. ③　To　 her shame， she gained back all the weight she’d lost. ④It’s 　a　 shame to waste so much food when many people are still hungry. 【写美】　一句多译 ⑤我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。　（心理描写） →I was 　so ashamed that I felt　 as if a knife were being twisted in my heart，tears clouding my eyes. （so ...that ...） →　So ashamed was I that I felt　 as if a knife were being twisted in my heart，tears clouding my eyes. （倒装） 4.forgive vt.& vi. （forgave， forgiven） 原谅，宽恕；免除（债务） 教材原句　I hope my fans can forgive me.我希望我的粉丝们能原谅我。 【用法】 （1）forgive sb sth　　　 　　原谅某人某事 forgive one’s doing sth　　原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb for （doing） sth　　原谅某人（做了）某事 forgive and forget　　摒弃前嫌，不念旧恶 （2）forgiveness n.　　原谅，宽恕 ask/beg/pray for （sb’s） forgiveness　请求/祈求（某人的）宽恕 【佳句】　It is also a virtue to forgive and forget， especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 不计前嫌也是一种美德，尤其是在竞争如此激烈、压力如此沉重的社会中。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Forgive me 　for　 interrupting， but I really don’t agree with that. ②She finally found the courage to ask for his 　forgiveness　 （forgive）， hoping to mend their broken relationship. ③The old couple 　forgave　（forgive） each other’s past mistakes and decided to spend the rest of their lives together. 【写美】　完成句子 ④They 　 decided to forgive and forget　 after their heated argument， strengthening their friendship. 他们在激烈争吵后决定摒弃前嫌，这也加深了他们的友谊。 5.disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的 教材原句　Frankly speaking， I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could. 说实话，我是失望的，但我还是尽量让自己笑容满面。 【用法】 （1）be disappointed at/by sth　对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb　　对某人感到失望 be disappointed to find/see/hear ...　失望地发现/看到/听说…… （2）disappointing adj.　令人失望的，令人沮丧的 （3）disappoint vt.　　使人失望 （4）disappointment n.　失望；让人失望的人或事 in disappointment　　失望地 to one’s disappointment　　使某人失望的是 【佳句】　They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. 他们对比赛结果极为失望。 （人教必修三Unit 4）These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed， but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When Mary heard the bad news， a look of 　disappointment　 （disappoint） flashed across her face. ②We were all disappointed 　to learn　 （learn） that the picnic had been cancelled. ③The 　disappointing　 （disappoint） news that he failed in the exam made him in low spirits. ④There was a 　disappointed　 （disappoint） look on David’s face when he knew he didn’t pass the driving test. 【写美】　句式升级 ⑤To my disappointment， only 18％ of the students choose to learn through reading books. →　What disappoints me　 is that only 18％ of the students choose to learn through reading books.（disappoint v.） →Only 18％ of the students choose to learn through reading books， 　which made me disappointed　.（disappointed adj.） 6.pretend vi.& vt. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 教材原句　Then I walked away， pretending not to have heard anything.然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。 【用法】 pretend to be＋名词/形容词　假装是…… pretend to do sth　　假装要做某事 pretend to be doing sth　　假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth　　假装已做过某事 pretend （to sb） that　　假装…… 【佳句】　She opened a book， pretending to read， with tears dropping on the open page. 她打开一本书，假装在看书，眼泪掉在打开的那一页上。　（读后续写之心理描写） 【点津】　pretend后接动词不定式时，一定要注意动词不定式时态的变化。根据句意可用一般式、进行式或完成式。类似用法的动词还有happen，appear，seem，claim等。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending 　to be　 （be） asleep. ②To ease my embarrassment，I pretended 　to be reading　 （read） when my mother entered. ③When I am faced with difficulties in learning， I won’t pretend 　to have known　 （know）it， but turn to my classmates or teachers. 【写美】　句式升级 ④She pretended she didn’t know me when we met in the street， which really upset me. →She 　pretended not to know me　 when we met in the street， which really upset me. 维度一：基础题型练 单句语法填空。 1.I often feel 　guilty　 （guilt） about spending so much time at work and not enough with my family. 2.My parents took lots of 　photographs　 （photographer） of us when we were small. 3.　 So　 touching was the movie that everyone in the theater was in tears. 4.Even if it 　rains　 （rain） tomorrow， we will go to the park as scheduled. 5.When we stood 　where　 we used to play， we couldn’t help thinking of our happy old days. 6.The couple left home early in the morning 　so　 that they might catch the first train to their son’s university. 7.　Since/Now that　 he has apologized， we should forgive his doing so many terrible things. 8.One can always manage to do more things 　however/no matter how　 full his schedule is in life. 9.How did you feel 　when　 you saw the terrible accident happening in front of you？ 10.Jim rushed out of the house when returning to his home 　before　 his mother could say a word. 维度二：语法与写作 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1.不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。 Try 　as/though he might　， he could not open the door. 2.当我到家时，我妈妈正在做晚饭。 　As/When I got home　， my mother was cooking dinner. 3.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。 It is 　such fine weather that　 we all want to go to the park. 4.如果她没错过火车，她就能准时参加面试了。 Had 　she not missed the train　， she 　would have arrived　 on time for the interview. 5.女孩站在门口，似乎在等人。 The girl stood at the door 　as if （she was） waiting for someone　. 维度三：语法与语篇 阅读下面短文，用适当的连词填空。 　　My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1.　while/when　 I was doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework 2.　than　 the door bell rang.However， my sister unlocked the door 3.　before　 I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her 4.　because　 her clothes and face were terribly dirty.5.　Since/As　 we didn’t know what had happened to her， we stood there and waited for my sister’s story.We wouldn’t leave 6.　unless　 my sister told us all about it.7.　After　 my sister got changed， she told us that she fell into a ditch（沟） 8.　when/while　 she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside.She couldn’t get out of the ditch.9.　Although/Though/While　 she cried for help loudly， no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it， but 10.　however　 hard she tried， she failed to escape from it.11.　As　 time went by， she got worried. 　　After several vain attempts she had to stand 12.　where　 she was and waited 13.　until　 a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did 14.　as　 the boy told， and she came out. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·江苏丹阳马相伯高级中学质检）Life is like a roller coaster， and every point has ups and downs. People plan something， but luck and sometimes misfortunes lead them toward a different destination. However， passionate individuals are not scared of such uncertainties. They set goals， welcome challenges， overcome obstacles， and eventually achieve what satisfies them. 　　Those who stay committed to their broad goals and find satisfaction even in unplanned circumstances are truly victorious. One true example of such people comes from a woman passionate about spreading happiness and helping others. Nicole Thornes is a mother， a former police officer， and now serving society as a death doula （陪护师）. 　　Nicole joined the police academy intending to be helpful to society. She believed that a police officer has the opportunity to eliminate crime， bring justice， and create a better society for everyone. Although she became a mother during her studies and her responsibilities were increased due to children， she didn’t give up on her passion. Nicole could have called off her studies， but her passion for serving society didn’t let her step down. With great efforts， she finally became a police officer and gave her contributions to law enforcement and the betterment of society. She was not only a police officer making full commitment to the society but also a mother who played her responsibilities in the best way possible. 　　Everything went according to her plans， but uncertainty called off her journey as a police officer. Nicole suffered from an injury in a mission that ended her career in the police force. But her dreams and passion did not let her stop. She became a death doula to continue her dream. She chose this field after her grandfather’s death， when she couldn’t bear the pain of losing him. Being a death doula， she is now providing comfort to the dying and their families during difficult times. She aims to spread prosperity in people’s lives and help them overcome all the obstacles she faced throughout her life. 语篇解读：本文一篇记叙文。文章讲述了妮可·索内斯如何在充满不确定和坎坷的人生中坚持践行人生理想，服务于社会的故事。 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.Life is full of ups and downs. B.People are at the mercy of changes. C.Uncertainties lead life to a different direction. D.Fulfillment comes from making the best of the uncertainties. 解析：D　段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句可知，本段的主题是成就感来自充分利用不确定性。 2.What is Nicole’s original career commitment？（　　） A.To conduct her duty well and better the society. B.To cater to the children’s requirements and needs. C.To accompany the senior through the darkest time. D.To release people’s pain from losing the loved ones. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，妮可最初的职业承诺是履行职责，使社会变得更美好。 3.Why did Nicole leave her police post？（　　） A.Because of the arrangement of the office. B.Because of the injury she got at work. C.Because of the change of interest. D.Because of the danger of the job. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，妮可因为受伤不得不离开警察职位。 4.What brought Nicole to her new career？（　　） A.The appeal of the people in sorrow. B.The push of getting a new job to survive. C.The passion in accompanying the sick ones. D.The sorrowful pain of losing her beloved family. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中She chose this field ... bear the pain of losing him.可知，她因为失去挚爱家人的痛苦，所以选择了这个新的职业。 B 　　89-year-old Derlin Newey， who lives in the Roy area of Utah， has supplemented （补充） his Social Security income for a little over a year by delivering food for Papa John’s Pizza.When Newey delivered a large apple pizza to Gladys Valdez a few weeks ago with a smile and struck up a conversation， Gladys was completely pleased. 　　“He was just so friendly， really talkative， and just super sweet and genuine，” Gladys told her husband， Carlos Valdez about Newey.Carlos was so taken with Newey’s friendliness and high passion — and the fact that he was delivering pizza at his age — that he decided to crowdfund on Newey’s behalf via a Venmo link on his TikTok page.Thousands of people donated and it all added up to more than $12，000.　 　　Then came the surprise delivery.When Newey opened the door to his mobile home， Carlos was standing there holding an empty pizza box， which he had stuffed with an envelope full of all the cash.Newey was flabbergasted， and his eyes filled with tears.Since the initial fundraiser that brought in $12，000， people have donated $8，000 more for Newey. 　　Newey， a retired salesman， typically works about 30 hours a week， Mondays through Saturdays delivering pizza.As a native of Utah’s Ogden area， he spent 26 years living in Gridley， California， and working for National Merchandising， and he also earned a bachelor’s degree from Brigham Young University.Young Newey was a competitive skier， and he later taught skiing； about four years ago， he gave up skiing because it became too difficult physically. 　　Even if Newey didn’t need the extra income， he said， he would still do his delivery job because he loves it.“Oh， fantastic，” he said about his job.“I love the people I’m working with， and I love having pleasant conversations and making friends with people.The beautiful children — you should see the smiles on their faces when they say，‘Oh， we’re going to have pizza tonight！’ That’s worth more than the money I make.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。热心的Carlos通过TikTok为89岁的披萨外卖员Newey筹到2万多美元的善款作为生活补给。 5.What did Gladys think of Newey？（　　） A.Reserved and sensitive. B.Enthusiastic and sociable. C.Disciplined and thoughtful. D.Ambitious and hard-working. 解析：B　观点态度题。根据第一段中的When Newey delivered a large apple pizza to Gladys Valdez a few weeks ago with a smile and struck up a conversation和第二段中Gladys所说的He was just so friendly， really talkative， and just super sweet and genuine可知，Newey在Gladys的眼里是一个热情、善于交际的人。 6.How did Carlos help Newey？（　　） A.By delivering pizza for him. B.By raising money online for him. C.By ordering more pizza from him. D.By making good comments about him. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的he decided to crowdfund on Newey’s behalf via a Venmo link on his TikTok page可知，Carlos通过在网上筹集资金来帮助Newey。 7.What does the underlined word “flabbergasted” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A.Extremely shocked.　　 B.Severely depressed. C.Pretty frightened.　　 D.Rather annoyed. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段开头的the surprise delivery和Carlos带来的善款以及画线词后面的his eyes filled with tears可推知，Newey 大吃一惊，满眼泪水。故画线词flabbergasted意为“非常震惊”。 8.What can we learn about Newey from the last two paragraphs？（　　） A.He turned down Carlos’ help. B.He dreamed of being a ski coach. C.He received a poor education. D.He found the delivery job worthwhile. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Newey所说的话可知，Newey喜欢送披萨这份工作，喜欢和顾客聊天、交朋友，喜欢看到孩子们拿到披萨时脸上洋溢的笑容。这些在他看来更有价值和意义。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·安徽安庆月考）Jim Dwyer was once in the United States Air Force. Although he is retired， he is still 　9　 his country. This time it’s through 　10　 meals to those who truly need it. 　　Every Thursday， Dwyer starts his day at Meals on Wheels in Westminster， 　11　 eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults. 　　“It’s 　12　 to help those in need because it offers us inner joy. You know it’s just the ability to help people that are 　13　 and not able to get out on their own. It’s something I get 　14　 from. And who knows？ Maybe someday I might need this service too，” said Dwyer. 　　Dwyer was 　15　 to join Meals on Wheels when he 　16　 to make sure his elderly parents had hot meals to eat. “I saw on TV here in Westminster that they were looking for 　17　 for Meals on Wheels， and I said I could do that，” said Dwyer. 　　His 　18　 to work for his fellow Americans， as he did in the military， is 　19　. It is true that the meals bring 　20　 to those getting a plate. 　　“Jim is great. He has been one of our 　21　 volunteers for a long time，” said Darla Olson of Meals on Wheels. 　　As the saying goes， “It’s never too late to learn.” 　22　， Dwyer’s story tells us that it is also never too late to make 　23　 efforts to work for the good of the community. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过Jim Dwyer退伍后继续为需要帮助的老年人送餐的故事告诉我们，为了社会的利益而付出永远不晚。 9.A.serving　　 B.building C.promoting　　 D.missing 解析：A　根据句首的Although可知，前后表示转折，这里是说虽然他退伍了，但他仍以另一种方式为国家服务。 10.A.introducing　　 B.selling C.delivering　　 D.returning 解析：C　根据下段中的sending the nutritious meals to older adults可知，是说他给那些真正需要的人送餐。 11.A.picking up　　 B.trying out C.showing off　　 D.setting aside 解析：A　根据空后的eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults可知，他拿起八个装着饭菜的热盘子去送到老年人那里。 12.A.convenient　　 B.wonderful C.common　　 D.possible 解析：B　根据句中的because it offers us inner joy可知，帮助有需要的人令他高兴。 13.A.given up　　 B.turned down C.laid off　　 D.shut in 解析：D　根据空后的and not able to get out on their own可知，这些老人被关在家里面。 14.A.knowledge　　 B.confidence C.satisfaction　　 D.support 解析：C　根据本段首句中的it offers us inner joy可知，做这件事让他获得内在快乐，说明这可以给他带来满足感。 15.A.advised　　 B.allowed C.inspired　　 D.required 解析：C　根据本句语境可知，他在试图让自己的父母吃上热饭菜时受到了启发，加入这个组织去帮助其他老年人。 16.A.demanded　　 B.pretended C.happened　　 D.attempted 解析：D　根据空后的to make sure可知，这里表示试图去做这件事。 17.A.organizers　 B.drivers C.cooks　 D.waiters 解析：B　根据第二段和空后的Meals on Wheels尤其是Wheels代表汽车可知，该组织在招募司机去运送饭菜。 18.A.refusing　 B.continuing C.learning　 D.failing 解析：B　根据句中的as he did in the military可知，他在军队服役是为了美国同胞的安居乐业，而现在他退伍之后为有需要的老人送饭菜，这是换了一种方式继续为美国同胞发光发热。 19.A.identified　 B.confirmed C.appreciated　 D.suspected 解析：C　根据下段首句Jim is great.和他做的这些奉献自我的事情可知，他的这种行为值得人们赞赏。 20.A.smiles　 B.doubts C.pride　 D.honour 解析：A　根据第一段最后一句可知，他把饭菜送到有需要的人手中，结合常识可推断，这些人收到饭菜后会很开心，喜笑颜开。 21.A.honest　 B.independent C.moved　 D.committed 解析：D　根据第二段可知，他每周四都去Meals on Wheels做志愿者，说明了他很尽心尽力。 22.A.Actually　 B.Hopefully C.Occasionally　 D.Gradually 解析：A　根据本句语境可知，这里强调了Dwyer的事迹教给人们的道理，应用Actually。 23.A.temporary　 B.constant C.random　 D.obvious 解析：B　根据倒数第三段中的His ...as he did in the military可知，他为社会不断地奉献自我。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　Nezha 2： The Demon Child Battles the Sea has become a hot topic this Spring Festival.It is Chinese animated film 24.　　 （direct） by Jiaozi.The story 25.　　 （begin） after the events of the first film.Ne Zha and Ao Bing survive the Heavenly Tribulation， but their bodies are 26.　　 danger.Taiyi Zhenren tries to use the magic lotus to save them， 27.　　 leads to a series of unexpected problems.Ne Zha has to face his past and a strong enemy.He makes 28.　　 alliance with Ao Bing and they start a journey to save the world. 　　The film has many 29.　　 （attract） points.The visual effects are amazing.The scenes of the sea battle and the special effects of the monsters are so vivid that they seem 30.　　 （be） real.The character design is also 31.　　 （good） improved.Ne Zha’s new look， with traditional style elements， gives a new visual experience.Besides， the theme of the film is deep.It not only shows Ne Zha’s fight against fate， but also explores the relationship between friendship and 32.　　 （responsible）. 　　In a word， Nezha 2： The Demon Child Battles the Sea is a great film.It allows us to feel the charm of Chinese mythology and the power of believing in 33.　　 （we）.It’s really a film not to be missed. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国动画电影《哪吒之魔童闹海》的内容、视觉效果、角色设计以及主题深度。 24.directed　考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一部由饺子导演的中国动画电影。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，Chinese animated film和direct之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填directed。 25.begins　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：故事接续第一部电影的事件展开。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为单数The story。故填begins。 26.in　考查介词。句意：哪吒和敖丙在天劫中幸存下来，但他们的身体却处于危险之中。固定搭配in danger表示“处于危险之中”。故填in。 27.which　考查定语从句。句意：太乙真人试图用魔法莲花来救他们，却因此引发了一系列意想不到的问题。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 28.an　考查冠词。句意：他与敖丙结盟，共同踏上拯救世界的旅程。make an alliance with sb是固定搭配，表示“与某人结盟”。故填an。 29.attractive　考查形容词。句意：这部电影有很多吸引人之处。空处修饰名词points，应用形容词形式作定语。故填attractive。 30.to be　考查非谓语动词。句意：海战场景和怪物的特效如此生动，仿佛身临其境。seem to do sth为固定搭配，表示“似乎要做某事”。故填to be。 31.well　考查副词。句意：角色设计也有了很大的提升。空处修饰动词improved，应用副词作状语。故填well。 32.responsibility　考查名词。句意：它不仅展现了哪吒与命运的抗争，还探讨了友谊与责任之间的关系。空处应用名词作宾语。故填responsibility。 33.ourselves　考查代词。句意：它让我们感受到了中国神话的魅力以及相信自己的力量。believe in oneself表示“相信自己”。故填ourselves。 22 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $