Unit 5 Learning from Nature向自然学习（话题阅读精练）英语外研版选择性必修第三册

Unit 5 Learning from Nature向自然学习 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元以“向自然学习”为核心主题，聚焦自然与人类社会的联结，探讨自然在建筑设计、科技研发、生活智慧等领域给予人类的启发。引言通过“自然是人类最好的老师”这一核心观点，引出单元核心议题：人类如何从自然的规律、结构与智慧中汲取灵感，实现科技、建筑、生态保护等方面的创新与可持续发展。单元内容既涵盖自然在建筑中的应用（如仿生建筑），也强调人类与自然和谐共生的重要性，旨在培养学生的生态意识与跨学科思维，引导学生学会从自然中挖掘解决人类社会问题的思路。 主题词汇积累 （一）自然与生态类 1. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 2. biodiversity n. 生物多样性 3. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 4. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 5. vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n. 植被 6. conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护；保存 7. sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ n. 可持续性 8. ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 生态学 9. organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n. 有机体；生物 10. adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ n. 适应；改编 11. evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ n. 进化；演变 12. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝；消亡 13. flora /ˈflɔːrə/ n. 植物群 14. fauna /ˈfɔːnə/ n. 动物群 15. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 16. biodegradable adj. 可生物降解的 17. renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ adj. 可再生的 18. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ n. 污染 19. erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ n. 侵蚀；腐蚀 20. symbiosis /ˌsɪmbaɪˈəʊsɪs/ n. 共生 （二）仿生与创新类 1. biomimicry /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ n. 仿生学 2. imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ v. 模仿；仿效 3. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v. 启发；鼓舞 4. innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/ v. 创新；革新 5. design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. & n. 设计 6. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə/ n. 结构；构造 7. architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/ n. 建筑；建筑学 8. engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/ v. 设计 n. 工程师 9. prototype /ˈprəʊtətaɪp/ n. 原型；雏形 10. mechanism /ˈmekənɪzəm/ n. 机制 11. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 原理；原则 12. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 技术；科技 13. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明；创造 14. mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ v. 模仿；模拟 15. adapt /əˈdæpt/ v. 使适应；改编 16. optimize /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/ v. 优化；使完善 17. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率；效能 18. functionality /ˌfʌŋkʃəˈnæləti/ n. 功能性 19. blueprint /ˈbluːprɪnt/ n. 蓝图；设计方案 20. derive /dɪˈraɪv/ v. 源自；获得 （三）自然智慧与启示类 1. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；才智 2. lesson /ˈlesn/ n. 教训；启示 3. insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞察力；领悟 4. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 原则；准则 5. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n. 和谐；融洽 6. balance /ˈbæləns/ n. & v. 平衡；权衡 7. resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 韧性；恢复力 8. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 耐力；持久力 9. survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存 10. strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略；战略 11. tactic /ˈtæktɪk/ n. 战术；方法 12. intuition /ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn/ n. 直觉；直觉力 13. observation /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. 观察；观测 14. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现；发觉 15. revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃn/ n. 启示；揭示 16. guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导；引导 17. philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/ n. 哲学；哲理 18. morality /məˈræləti/ n. 道德；道义 19. ethics /ˈeθɪks/ n. 伦理；道德规范 20. perception /pəˈsepʃn/ n. 感知；认知 （四）行动与实践类 1. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v. 探索；探究 2. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ v. & n. 研究；调查 3. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ v. 实验 n. 实验 4. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ v. & n. 实践；练习 5. apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用；申请 6. implement /ˈɪmplɪment/ v. 实施；执行 7. promote /prəˈməʊt/ v. 促进；推广 8. advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. 提倡；拥护 9. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护；防护 10. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ v. 保护；保存 11. conserve /kənˈsɜːv/ v. 保存；保护 12. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 维持；支撑 13. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展；开发 14. create /kriːˈeɪt/ v. 创造；创作 15. construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v. 建造；构建 16. collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v. 合作；协作 17. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 参与；参加 18. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 贡献；捐助 19. engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ v. 参与；从事 20. initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ v. 发起；开创 时文拓展阅读 Biomimicry: How Nature Is Shaping the Future of Technology Biomimicry, the practice of imitating nature’s designs and processes to solve human problems, has become a driving force in modern technology. From the aerodynamic shape of bird wings inspiring airplane design to the self-cleaning properties of lotus leaves leading to stain-resistant fabrics, nature’s blueprints are revolutionizing industries. One striking example is the development of bullet trains in Japan. The original design caused loud booms when exiting tunnels, until engineers studied the shape of kingfisher beaks. Kingfishers dive into water at high speeds with almost no splash, thanks to their long, narrow beaks. By copying this shape, Japanese engineers reduced the train’s tunnel boom by 70% and improved energy efficiency by 15%. Another breakthrough comes from termite mounds. These structures maintain a constant temperature of 30°C year-round, even in the African savanna where temperatures swing from 1°C at night to 40°C during the day. Architects and engineers have used this passive cooling system in the design of office buildings in Zimbabwe, cutting air conditioning costs by 90%. Biomimicry is not just about copying shapes; it’s about understanding nature’s principles of efficiency and sustainability. As climate change poses growing challenges, turning to nature for solutions is no longer a choice but a necessity. By learning from the natural world, we can create technologies that are both innovative and kind to the planet. 【译文欣赏】 仿生学：自然如何塑造科技的未来 仿生学是一种模仿自然的设计和过程来解决人类问题的实践，如今已成为现代科技发展的驱动力。从鸟类翅膀的空气动力学外形启发飞机设计，到荷叶的自洁特性催生抗污面料，自然的设计蓝图正在给各个行业带来革命性变化。 一个显著的例子是日本高铁的研发。最初的设计让列车驶出隧道时会产生巨大的轰鸣声，直到工程师研究了翠鸟喙的形状。翠鸟的喙细长，使其能高速扎入水中却几乎不溅起水花。通过模仿这一形状，日本工程师将列车的隧道轰鸣声降低了70%，并将能源效率提高了15%。 另一项突破源自白蚁丘。这些建筑全年能将内部温度维持在30摄氏度，即便在非洲稀树草原，夜间温度低至1摄氏度、白天高达40摄氏度的环境下也是如此。建筑师和工程师将这种被动冷却系统应用于津巴布韦的办公楼设计中，使空调成本降低了90%。 仿生学不仅仅是模仿外形，更是理解自然的效率与可持续性原则。随着气候变化带来的挑战日益加剧，向自然寻求解决方案不再是选择，而是必然。通过向自然界学习，我们能够创造出既具创新性又对地球友好的科技。 【词汇积累】 1. aerodynamic /ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 空气动力学的 2. stain-resistant /steɪn rɪˈzɪstənt/ adj. 抗污的 3. blueprint /ˈbluːprɪnt/ n. 蓝图；设计方案 4. boom /buːm/ n. 轰鸣声；繁荣 5. kingfisher /ˈkɪŋfɪʃə/ n. 翠鸟 6. beak /biːk/ n. 鸟喙 7. termite mound /ˈtɜːmaɪt maʊnd/ n. 白蚁丘 8. savanna /səˈvænə/ n. 稀树草原 9. passive /ˈpæsɪv/ adj. 被动的；消极的 10. pose /pəʊz/ v. 造成；提出 【知识拓展】 1. 仿生学的三大分类：形态仿生（模仿生物外形，如飞机机翼模仿鸟翼）、功能仿生（模仿生物功能，如蝙蝠回声定位启发雷达）、原理仿生（模仿生物运作原理，如白蚁丘的温控原理应用于建筑）。 2. 著名仿生案例：悉尼歌剧院的外形模仿贝壳的纹理结构；仿生机器人“猎豹”模仿猎豹的奔跑姿态，时速可达75公里；鲨鱼皮泳衣模仿鲨鱼皮肤的微结构，减少水中阻力。 3. 自然与可持续发展：联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）中，“气候行动”“水下生物”“陆地生物”等目标均强调向自然学习的重要性，仿生技术是实现这些目标的关键手段之一。 【词汇延伸】 1. aerodynamic → aerodynamics（n. 空气动力学）、aerodynamically（adv. 空气动力学地） 2. resistant → resist（v. 抵抗；忍耐）、resistance（n. 抵抗；阻力） 3. boom → booming（adj. 繁荣的；轰鸣的）、boomer（n. 婴儿潮一代；轰鸣物） 4. pose → pose（n. 姿势；姿态）、poser（n. 装腔作势的人；难题） 5. passive → passively（adv. 被动地）、passivity（n. 被动性；消极） 6. sustain → sustainable（adj. 可持续的）、sustainability（n. 可持续性） 7. innovate → innovation（n. 创新；发明）、innovative（adj. 创新的） 8. efficient → efficiency（n. 效率）、efficiently（adv. 高效地） 9. revolutionize → revolution（n. 革命）、revolutionary（adj. 革命的；革新的） 10. constant → constantly（adv. 不断地）、constancy（n. 恒定性；忠诚） 高考真题链接 (2025全国I卷阅读D篇) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头):boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science &Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A.By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A.The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings 命题特点 1. 题型典型，聚焦基础阅读能力 涵盖写作手法题（32题）、细节理解题（33题）、推理判断题（34题）、观点态度题（35题） 四类高考核心题型，全面考查文本解读、逻辑分析和信息提炼能力，无偏题怪题。 2. 考点紧扣文本细节与逻辑 所有题目答案均源于原文具体内容，如33题考查除微塑料效果的决定因素，需精准定位碳酸钙与水硬度的关联句；34题考查举例的目的，需结合上下文的逻辑关系判断，避免主观臆断。 3. 选材贴近现实，凸显实用价值 选取“微塑料污染与饮用水净化”的热点环保话题，兼具科学性与生活实用性，体现高考阅读“选材关注社会现实、引导学以致用”的导向。 命题规律 1. 写作手法题：依托段落内容特征，考查表达方式 针对段落的呈现形式设题，如32题考查第一段的行文方式，需根据“深海、喜马拉雅、火山岩”等列举内容判断“举例子”的手法，命题侧重“内容形式与表达手法的对应”。 2. 细节题：答案为原文信息的同义替换或归纳 细节题的正确选项是原文内容的改写或提炼，如33题“水的硬度”对应原文“水中碳酸钙的含量”，符合高考“细节题答案不照搬原文，需同义转换”的命题规律。 3. 推理题：围绕举例内容，考查其服务的主旨 举例类推理题的答案需结合例子前后的观点句，如34题瓶装水的例子，需依托前文“减少微塑料暴露愈发困难”的观点，判断例子是为了凸显问题的严重性，命题遵循“例子服务于主旨”的逻辑。 4. 观点题：聚焦人物言论，考查建议的核心指向 针对文中人物的观点设题，答案需精准抓取人物话语的核心，如35题Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议，需锁定“升级饮用水处理厂”这一关键信息，判断其指向研究发现的应用，命题侧重“观点的精准提炼”。 解题思维 1. 写作手法题：分析段落内容特征，匹配对应手法 先通读目标段落，梳理内容的呈现形式（如列举、引用、下定义等），再结合选项判断手法。如32题第一段通过多个场景的罗列呈现问题，直接对应“举例子”的手法。 2. 细节题：关键词定位+原文信息比对 用题干关键词（如33题的“effectiveness of trapping microplastics”）定位原文相关句子，提取核心信息（碳酸钙含量决定效果），再将选项与原文逐一比对，排除无关或错误选项。 3. 推理题：抓观点句+例子逻辑，遵循“有据可推” 先找到例子前后的观点性语句，再分析例子与观点的关系，推理结论需贴合原文逻辑，不可过度延伸。如34题不可主观认为例子是为了说明“瓶装水不安全”，而是为了凸显微塑料问题的严重性。 4. 观点题：定位人物言论，提炼核心诉求 先定位人物的话语内容，再剔除评价性表述，抓取其提出的具体建议或观点，匹配选项。如35题先排除Gauchotte-Lindsay对研究的肯定，聚焦“升级水处理厂”的建议，判断其指向研究成果的应用。 干扰项特征 1. 无中生有 干扰项内容在原文完全未提及，如33题的B“冷却时长”、C“过滤频率”，原文仅提到“煮沸后冷却过滤”，未涉及时长和频率的影响；35题的A“新研究方法”、C“更多研究者参与”，均无原文依据。 2. 偷换概念 干扰项偷换原文的核心概念，如33题的D“水中塑料类型”，原文提到研究仅聚焦三种塑料，但并未说明塑料类型会决定除污效果，属于偷换概念。 3. 偏离主旨 干扰项与例子或观点的核心指向不符，如34题的A“塑料回收的重要性”、C“过度饮用纯净水的危害”，均与瓶装水例子服务的“微塑料问题严重性”主旨无关。 4. 答非所问 干扰项内容正确但与题干问题无关，如35题的B“进一步研究的方向”，Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是应用层面，而非研究层面，属于答非所问。 1. 原句：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 结构拆解：①主句为 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth；②破折号后是并列结构的补充说明，包含 settled in..., stuck inside..., filled..., fallen in... 四个短语，用于具体说明微塑料的污染范围。 翻译：微塑料已成为全球范围内普遍的污染源——它们沉积在深海与喜马拉雅山脉，嵌在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃部，甚至落入南极的新雪之中。 考点：破折号引导的并列补充说明结构，常考细节理解与写作手法判断。 2. 原句：In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 结构拆解：①状语为 In a study...（过去分词 published 作后置定语修饰 study）；②主句为 researchers from China found that...；③宾语从句为 boiling tap water... could remove...，破折号中间的内容为插入语，补充说明具体操作步骤。 翻译：在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟，待其冷却后再过滤，可去除水中至少80%的微塑料。 考点：后置定语+宾语从句+插入语，常考细节定位与信息提取。 1. microplastics /ˈmaɪkrəʊˌplæstɪks/ n. 微塑料；环保话题核心术语 2. filter /ˈfɪltə(r)/ v. 过滤；例：filter the boiled water after cooling（冷却后过滤沸水） 3. calcium carbonate 碳酸钙；原文中决定除污效果的关键物质 4. exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/ n. 暴露；例：reduce microplastic exposure（减少微塑料暴露） 5. demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v. 证明；展示；例：demonstrate the trapping process（展示捕获过程） 6. upgrade /ˌʌpˈɡreɪd/ v. 升级；例：upgrade drinking water treatment plants（升级饮用水处理厂） 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 讨论了烘焙坊如何处理未售出的面包，并探讨了减少面包种类可能带来的影响 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 主要讲述了Nadine Grimm对Gyeli语言的研究及其重要性，她独特而可靠的研究方法促成了她研究的成功 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 主要介绍了阅读对孩子有很多好处，父母应该培养孩子们读书的兴趣 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 一些高中生认为接受高等教育是无用的，他们选择不上大学。作者表达应该去大学接受良好教育的一些理由 Passage5 七选五 说明文 主要介绍了领导者需具备的四项沟通技巧，助力其获得信任、激励团队积极变革 Passage6 七选五 说明文 介绍了四种节日期间回馈社会的方式：食物募捐、慈善捐赠、志愿服务、线上助力 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 讲述一位对自己影响深远的老师，渴望有一天能像斯塔克斯夫人那样，对自己的未来学生产生同样深刻的影响 Passage 1 (2025·山东济南莱芜区·一模)Have you ever visited a bakery (烘焙坊) for a sweet treat? And have you ever wondered what happens to the unsold bread? Lately, this topic has brought a wide discussion on the internet. Bread has a short sell-by date, because it is usually kept at room temperature. “Freshly baked bread can only be kept for 24 hours, while packaged(包装好的) bread lasts 3 days.” said a bakery manager in Jiangxi Province. To solve this problem, some bakeries sell the near-expired(临期的) bread at a lower price. But others would rather throw it way. “If we start furthering discounts, we are afraid that many customers will just wait for the discounted bread”, said a bakery owner, “This will hurt our daytime sales.” Can bakeries reduce the production to cut down on waste? A bakery manager explained, “A shelf full of bread catches the eye. This will make people want to buy more bread.” Most bakeries don’t want to cut back on the bread types, either. “People prefer freshness, so we need to keep introducing new types,” said Lu Liang, a bakery owner in Shanxi Province. What can bakeries do with near-expired bread? According to a baking teacher, bakeries can donate it to people in need. And the expired bread can be sent to recycling companies and turned into food for animals. In addition, some bakeries sell near-expired bread through “blind boxes”. At a bakery in Shanghai, for example, there is a blind box sale from 8 p. m. to 9 p. m. every day. People can get a random type of near-expired bread at a low price. “It's great because it reduces food waste,” said one customer. “And the blind box always gives me some fun!” 1. How does the writer begin the passage? A. By asking questions.B. By stating facts. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving reasons. 2. How long can we keep packaged bread? A. 8 hours. B. 24 hours. C. 3 days. D. 9 days. 3. What might happen if a bakery reduces the kinds of bread types? A. There will be less waste in bakeries. B. Customers will lose interest in buying. C. The bakery will save more money. D. The bakery will draw new customers. 4. How do customers feel with “blind boxes” according to the text? A. Familiar. B. Upset. C. Scared. D. Pleased. 5. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How to deal with the unsold bread? B. Where to buy more fresh bread? C. Why is it hard to sell packaged bread? D. What is needed to sell bread well? Passage 2 (2025届江苏省苏锡常镇高三下学期一模考试英语试题)Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” This sets the tone for her study of the Gyeli language in Ngòló, a small village in southern Cameroon, rich in culture and hidden knowledge. In her prize-winning work, Grimm displays the essence of the Gyeli language, spoken by the Bagyeli people, who are sometimes called “Pygmies.” The grammatical description, which is presented in a form-to-function approach, covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli speech sounds to its information structure and complex sentences. Her path to studying African languages began by chance during her Bachelor’s degree in General Linguistics and French. She had an unexpected opportunity to work with a professor in Nigeria, which led to her first African language conference and started her interest in African languages. Grimm’s research includes deep fieldwork, such as recording conversations and joining in everyday activities with the Bagyeli. At first, she used assistants to communicate due to language barriers, but as her understanding grew, she began talking directly with the speakers. This method differs from traditional ones, focusing on real language use rather than simple word-for-word translations. The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. “When languages die, we lose entire knowledge systems,” Grimm says. Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. For her efforts, Grimm was awarded the 2023 Bloomfield Book Award from the Linguistic Society of America. A single Bloomfield Book award is made annually to recognize “a volume that makes an outstanding contribution of long-term value to the understanding of language and linguistics.” Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. 1. Why did Grimm write A Grammar of Gyeli? A. To keep a knowledge system. B. To honor her ancestors. C. To record the tone of Gyeli. D. To satisfy her interest in languages. 2. What do we know about the Gyeli language? A. It is endangered. B. It is simple in structure. C. It has to be studied in a form-to-function approach. D. It functions differently from other Bantu languages. 3. Why does the author mention Bantu languages? A. To highlight their importance. B. To illustrate the problem of disappearing languages. C. To emphasize the urgency of protecting them. D. To demonstrate the value of Grimm’s study. 4. What contributed most to the success of Grimm’s research? A. Her work with a professor in Nigeria. B. Her ability in learning a new language. C. Her relationship with the Bagyeli people. D. Her unique and reliable research method. Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·山东淄博·期末）Digging into a book together with your child is always a great way to spend time, but did you know reading to your child from day one has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life? There are a whole host of brilliant effects of hearing stories which boost children’s minds. This is just as important as learning to spell. While children are stuck indoors, reading is the best way to spark their imagination. They can travel to the moon, meet the Gruffalo and pop in to a chocolate factory. This means children will have a solid creative base and develop their story telling skills as well as enjoying adventurous days at home. There’s no better way to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes than reading their stories.  That is a great way to build empathy(共情) needed now more than ever. There are some fantastic children’s books worth seeking out which show characters from all races and backgrounds doing brilliant things, acting as strong role models for the next generation. These stories can encourage future leaders and thinkers, so every child can feel they can achieve their dreams, from the Little Leaders series to Bedtime Stories for Rebel Girls. It’s inspiring to see everyone following their own path despite the barriers they come across. There’s a large number of remarkable books out right now which help little ones process emotions. From The Colour Monster to Ruby’s Worry, these books will help them to name and understand different emotions, which is essential for social development, making friends and growing relationships. It can also help them deal with difficult feelings, like loss or grief, with amazing books like Paper Dolls which explores memory and loss in a beautiful and positive way. Reading time is a brilliant connection with parents or carers, which strengthens confidence and a sense of safety for the little ones. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Reading enables children to spell. B．Imagination is of great benefit to reading C．Children can be expert in story telling. D．Reading stimulates children’s imagination. 2．To understand others better, we are advised to A．read their stories B．set up role models C．improve story telling skills D．walk a mile in someone else’s shoes 3．Which book is recommended when children are in a bad mood? A．The Gruffalo. B．Little Leaders. C．Paper Dolls. D．The Colour Monster. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To introduce some books. B．To advise parents to read more. C．To encourage children to read more. D．To show the benefits of reading to children Passage 4 （21-22学年高二上·山师大附中·期末）Some high school students think it useless to receive higher education. Therefore, they choose not to go to college. If you're one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there. Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge. We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained after you start working, but without education, that job will not be within easy reach. Knowledge leads to knowledge. While limited within the walls of the educational places, we openly explore other cultures of the world! We come to know that ours is not the only culture. Other cultures have valuable things to share, enriching our own. Education also makes us want to travel and exchange with various cultures, getting more experience. When there's a recession in the economy（经济）, those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set. The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary. When you're skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking. Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life. A good education makes you a more interesting person. You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what's on sale in stores. An educated person doesn't gossip（说闲话）, having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say. 1．What can we learn about college education from Paragraph 2? A．It offers you a chance to study abroad. B．It can allow you to gain more knowledge. C．It can improve the quality of your daily life. D．It encourages you to travel around the world. 2．What does the underlined word "recession" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．change. B．drop. C．growth. D．support. 3．How can one benefit from a good education ? A．You can gossip about others’ affairs. B．You are likely to study well at school. C．You can work well with your coworkers. D．You get to know excellent people with similar interests. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The benefits of attending college. B．The exchange with other cultures. C．The access to good networking. D．The ways of college education. Passage5 （浙江省金华十校2025-2026学年高三上学期11月考试英语试题）A leader is someone who inspires positive change by empowering those around them. 1 Effective communication is vital to gain trust, align (统一) efforts in the pursuit of goals, and inspire positive change. Here are some communication skills you need. Active Listening Effective leaders know when they need to talk and, more importantly, when they need to listen. Show that you care by asking for employees’ opinions, ideas, and feedback. 2 Pose questions, invite them to explain in detail, and take notes. Keep your focus on the employees and what they’re saying. Clarity 3 Define the desired result of a project or strategic initiative and be clear about what you want to see achieved by the end of each milestone. If goals aren’t being met, try simplifying your message further or ask how you can provide additional clarity or help. The more clear you are, the less confusion there will be. Empathy (共情) Empathy has been ranked the top leadership skill needed for success. The better you get at acknowledging and understanding employees’ feelings, the more heard and valued they’ll feel. In a recent survey, 96 percent of respondents said it was important for their employers to demonstrate empathy. 4 If you want to improve your communication and build a stronger and more productive culture, practice responding with empathy. Open Body Language Communication isn’t just what you say; it’s how you carry yourself. Ninety-three percent of communication's impact comes from nonverbal language, according to executive coach Darlene Price. To ensure you’re conveying the right message, focus on your body language. If you’re trying to inspire someone, talking with a furrowed brow (皱眉) isn’t going to send the right message. 5 A．Identify your communication style. B．Yet nine in ten claimed it remains undervalued. C．The most powerful tool for doing so is communication. D．When communicating with employees, speak in specifics. E．And when they do share, actively engage in the conversation. F．Your tone of voice equally shapes the perception of your message. G．Instead, make eye contact and flash a genuine smile to convey warmth and trust. Passage6 （2026届广西南宁市高中毕业班10月摸底测试英语试题）Four Ways to Give Back During the Holidays Between your holiday parties, family responsibilities, and the pressure of finding the perfect gift, this time of year can go by in a flash. But during the holiday season, we are often reminded of something important. 1 Below are four easy ways to do just that by helping our neighbors facing hunger. Set up a holiday food drive. Get your friends, family or neighborhood together and start a food drive. 2 Then in the weeks leading up to the holidays and at holiday gatherings, encourage your neighbors and family to help make a difference by supporting your food drive. Deliver all the collected items to the food bank to ensure your efforts have the greatest impact. 3 Do you have a friend or family member that cares deeply for others? This year, consider donating to Feeding America in honor of your friends and family. You will be spreading the love twice as far by giving meals to families who are in need and giving your loved one a meaningful gift. Give a gift today. Volunteer! Did you know that 51% of all food programs rely entirely on volunteers? 4 But the feeling of helping your neighbors in need during the holiday season is priceless. Get in touch with your local food bank to learn more about volunteer opportunities. Make a difference online. There are lots of ways that you can help people facing hunger without leaving the comfort of your own home. You can start an online fundraiser or add Feeding America as your charity of choice on Amazon Smile or eBay. 5 A．Give a gift that gives back. B．It won’t cost you anything. C．Show concern for your loved one. D．They truly play a key role in volunteering. E．It’s to give back, especially to those in need. F．Your digital footprint may inspire others to join you. G．Contact your local food bank and learn what items they need most first. Passage7 （24-25学年高二上·山东日照·期末）When reflecting on the shift from childhood to adulthood, many of us often go over the memories that have shaped our lives. Among these memories, there is usually one teacher who remains 1 even after many years have passed. These outstanding 2 can make a lasting influence on us whether it is positive or negative. However, in my personal recollection, the teacher I 3 had an exceptionally profound and positive influence on me. Mrs Stacks, my fourth-grade teacher, left a lasting 4 on me. She had her own 5 set of rules and a delightful sense of humor that made her class inviting. Mrs Stacks was good at 6 us with interactive lessons, such as taking us to the school garden to 7 the butterfly life cycle. One memory that 8 to me is that our teacher, Mrs Stacks, would 9 spelling bees on Thursdays to help us remember our spelling words. What was 10 remarkable about these bees was that every single person in the class 11 at least a “B” on their spelling test the following day. I believe the reason for Mrs Stacks’ 12 among students was rooted in her genuine love and care towards us. Whenever we performed well, she would 13 and motivate us to excel even more. The influence she had on my life as an unforgettable teacher is 14 . I long to one day have the same profound 15 on my own future students just like Mrs Stacks had on me. 1．A．unacceptable B．unbelievable C．unreasonable D．unforgettable. 2．A．adults B．educators C．scientists D．organizers 3．A．recall B．respect C．meet D．know 4．A．attraction B．imagination C．impression D．inspiration 5．A．strict B．unique C．beneficial D．valuable 6．A．correcting B．connecting C．encouraging D．educating 7．A．memorize B．predict C．explore D．change 8．A．stands out B．slips away C．goes by D．makes sense 9．A．fund B．advertise C．organize D．record 10．A．generally B．truly C．widely D．strangely 11．A．chose B．spelt C．completed D．achieved 12．A．popularity B．confidence C．devotion D．enthusiasm 13．A．warn B．comfort C．reward D．require 14．A．reproduced B．permanent C．removable D．understood 15．A．instruction B．memory C．mark D．impact 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Learning from Nature向自然学习 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元以“向自然学习”为核心主题，聚焦自然与人类社会的联结，探讨自然在建筑设计、科技研发、生活智慧等领域给予人类的启发。引言通过“自然是人类最好的老师”这一核心观点，引出单元核心议题：人类如何从自然的规律、结构与智慧中汲取灵感，实现科技、建筑、生态保护等方面的创新与可持续发展。单元内容既涵盖自然在建筑中的应用（如仿生建筑），也强调人类与自然和谐共生的重要性，旨在培养学生的生态意识与跨学科思维，引导学生学会从自然中挖掘解决人类社会问题的思路。 主题词汇积累 （一）自然与生态类 1. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 2. biodiversity n. 生物多样性 3. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 4. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 5. vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n. 植被 6. conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护；保存 7. sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ n. 可持续性 8. ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 生态学 9. organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n. 有机体；生物 10. adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ n. 适应；改编 11. evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ n. 进化；演变 12. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝；消亡 13. flora /ˈflɔːrə/ n. 植物群 14. fauna /ˈfɔːnə/ n. 动物群 15. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 16. biodegradable adj. 可生物降解的 17. renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ adj. 可再生的 18. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ n. 污染 19. erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ n. 侵蚀；腐蚀 20. symbiosis /ˌsɪmbaɪˈəʊsɪs/ n. 共生 （二）仿生与创新类 1. biomimicry /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ n. 仿生学 2. imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ v. 模仿；仿效 3. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v. 启发；鼓舞 4. innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/ v. 创新；革新 5. design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. & n. 设计 6. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə/ n. 结构；构造 7. architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/ n. 建筑；建筑学 8. engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/ v. 设计 n. 工程师 9. prototype /ˈprəʊtətaɪp/ n. 原型；雏形 10. mechanism /ˈmekənɪzəm/ n. 机制 11. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 原理；原则 12. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 技术；科技 13. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明；创造 14. mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ v. 模仿；模拟 15. adapt /əˈdæpt/ v. 使适应；改编 16. optimize /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/ v. 优化；使完善 17. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率；效能 18. functionality /ˌfʌŋkʃəˈnæləti/ n. 功能性 19. blueprint /ˈbluːprɪnt/ n. 蓝图；设计方案 20. derive /dɪˈraɪv/ v. 源自；获得 （三）自然智慧与启示类 1. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；才智 2. lesson /ˈlesn/ n. 教训；启示 3. insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞察力；领悟 4. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 原则；准则 5. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n. 和谐；融洽 6. balance /ˈbæləns/ n. & v. 平衡；权衡 7. resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 韧性；恢复力 8. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 耐力；持久力 9. survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存 10. strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略；战略 11. tactic /ˈtæktɪk/ n. 战术；方法 12. intuition /ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn/ n. 直觉；直觉力 13. observation /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. 观察；观测 14. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现；发觉 15. revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃn/ n. 启示；揭示 16. guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导；引导 17. philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/ n. 哲学；哲理 18. morality /məˈræləti/ n. 道德；道义 19. ethics /ˈeθɪks/ n. 伦理；道德规范 20. perception /pəˈsepʃn/ n. 感知；认知 （四）行动与实践类 1. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v. 探索；探究 2. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ v. & n. 研究；调查 3. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ v. 实验 n. 实验 4. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ v. & n. 实践；练习 5. apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用；申请 6. implement /ˈɪmplɪment/ v. 实施；执行 7. promote /prəˈməʊt/ v. 促进；推广 8. advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. 提倡；拥护 9. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护；防护 10. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ v. 保护；保存 11. conserve /kənˈsɜːv/ v. 保存；保护 12. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 维持；支撑 13. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展；开发 14. create /kriːˈeɪt/ v. 创造；创作 15. construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v. 建造；构建 16. collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v. 合作；协作 17. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 参与；参加 18. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 贡献；捐助 19. engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ v. 参与；从事 20. initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ v. 发起；开创 时文拓展阅读 Biomimicry: How Nature Is Shaping the Future of Technology Biomimicry, the practice of imitating nature’s designs and processes to solve human problems, has become a driving force in modern technology. From the aerodynamic shape of bird wings inspiring airplane design to the self-cleaning properties of lotus leaves leading to stain-resistant fabrics, nature’s blueprints are revolutionizing industries. One striking example is the development of bullet trains in Japan. The original design caused loud booms when exiting tunnels, until engineers studied the shape of kingfisher beaks. Kingfishers dive into water at high speeds with almost no splash, thanks to their long, narrow beaks. By copying this shape, Japanese engineers reduced the train’s tunnel boom by 70% and improved energy efficiency by 15%. Another breakthrough comes from termite mounds. These structures maintain a constant temperature of 30°C year-round, even in the African savanna where temperatures swing from 1°C at night to 40°C during the day. Architects and engineers have used this passive cooling system in the design of office buildings in Zimbabwe, cutting air conditioning costs by 90%. Biomimicry is not just about copying shapes; it’s about understanding nature’s principles of efficiency and sustainability. As climate change poses growing challenges, turning to nature for solutions is no longer a choice but a necessity. By learning from the natural world, we can create technologies that are both innovative and kind to the planet. 【译文欣赏】 仿生学：自然如何塑造科技的未来 仿生学是一种模仿自然的设计和过程来解决人类问题的实践，如今已成为现代科技发展的驱动力。从鸟类翅膀的空气动力学外形启发飞机设计，到荷叶的自洁特性催生抗污面料，自然的设计蓝图正在给各个行业带来革命性变化。 一个显著的例子是日本高铁的研发。最初的设计让列车驶出隧道时会产生巨大的轰鸣声，直到工程师研究了翠鸟喙的形状。翠鸟的喙细长，使其能高速扎入水中却几乎不溅起水花。通过模仿这一形状，日本工程师将列车的隧道轰鸣声降低了70%，并将能源效率提高了15%。 另一项突破源自白蚁丘。这些建筑全年能将内部温度维持在30摄氏度，即便在非洲稀树草原，夜间温度低至1摄氏度、白天高达40摄氏度的环境下也是如此。建筑师和工程师将这种被动冷却系统应用于津巴布韦的办公楼设计中，使空调成本降低了90%。 仿生学不仅仅是模仿外形，更是理解自然的效率与可持续性原则。随着气候变化带来的挑战日益加剧，向自然寻求解决方案不再是选择，而是必然。通过向自然界学习，我们能够创造出既具创新性又对地球友好的科技。 【词汇积累】 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. aerodynamic /ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 空气动力学的 2. stain-resistant /steɪn rɪˈzɪstənt/ adj. 抗污的 3. blueprint /ˈbluːprɪnt/ n. 蓝图；设计方案 4. boom /buːm/ n. 轰鸣声；繁荣 5. kingfisher /ˈkɪŋfɪʃə/ n. 翠鸟 6. beak /biːk/ n. 鸟喙 7. termite mound /ˈtɜːmaɪt maʊnd/ n. 白蚁丘 8. savanna /səˈvænə/ n. 稀树草原 9. passive /ˈpæsɪv/ adj. 被动的；消极的 10. pose /pəʊz/ v. 造成；提出 【知识拓展】 1. 仿生学的三大分类：形态仿生（模仿生物外形，如飞机机翼模仿鸟翼）、功能仿生（模仿生物功能，如蝙蝠回声定位启发雷达）、原理仿生（模仿生物运作原理，如白蚁丘的温控原理应用于建筑）。 2. 著名仿生案例：悉尼歌剧院的外形模仿贝壳的纹理结构；仿生机器人“猎豹”模仿猎豹的奔跑姿态，时速可达75公里；鲨鱼皮泳衣模仿鲨鱼皮肤的微结构，减少水中阻力。 3. 自然与可持续发展：联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）中，“气候行动”“水下生物”“陆地生物”等目标均强调向自然学习的重要性，仿生技术是实现这些目标的关键手段之一。 【词汇延伸】 1. aerodynamic → aerodynamics（n. 空气动力学）、aerodynamically（adv. 空气动力学地） 2. resistant → resist（v. 抵抗；忍耐）、resistance（n. 抵抗；阻力） 3. boom → booming（adj. 繁荣的；轰鸣的）、boomer（n. 婴儿潮一代；轰鸣物） 4. pose → pose（n. 姿势；姿态）、poser（n. 装腔作势的人；难题） 5. passive → passively（adv. 被动地）、passivity（n. 被动性；消极） 6. sustain → sustainable（adj. 可持续的）、sustainability（n. 可持续性） 7. innovate → innovation（n. 创新；发明）、innovative（adj. 创新的） 8. efficient → efficiency（n. 效率）、efficiently（adv. 高效地） 9. revolutionize → revolution（n. 革命）、revolutionary（adj. 革命的；革新的） 10. constant → constantly（adv. 不断地）、constancy（n. 恒定性；忠诚） 高考真题链接 (2025全国I卷阅读D篇) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头):boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science &Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A.By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A.The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings 答案： 32题：C 解析：第一段列举了微塑料出现在深海、喜马拉雅山脉、火山岩中，进入海鸟胃部、南极新雪，甚至人体等例子，以此呈现微塑料污染的问题，C（举例子） 正确；A“引用专家观点”、B“定义概念”、D“提供数据”均未在第一段体现。 33题：A 解析：第三段指出“该过程依赖水中含足够碳酸钙来捕获塑料，硬水（含300毫克碳酸钙）煮沸后塑料含量下降近90%，而碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的水样仅下降25%”，水的硬度由碳酸钙含量决定，因此A（水的硬度） 是决定除微塑料效果的关键；B“冷却时长”、C“过滤频率”原文未提；D“水中塑料类型”并非决定除污效果的因素，排除。 34题：B 解析：第四段先说明减少微塑料接触变得愈发困难，接着提到瓶装水的微塑料含量远超预期，通过这一内容凸显B（微塑料问题的严重性）；A“塑料回收的重要性”、C“过度饮用纯净水的危害”、D“处理污水的难度”均与语境无关。 35题：D 解析：Gauchotte-Lindsay先肯定研究中煮沸除微塑料的原理，随后提出“应升级饮用水处理厂以去除微塑料”，这是针对研究发现的潜在应用建议，D（研究发现的潜在应用） 正确；A“新研究方法的选择”、B“进一步研究的方向”、C“让更多研究者参与的必要性”均非其建议的核心。 命题特点 1. 题型典型，聚焦基础阅读能力 涵盖写作手法题（32题）、细节理解题（33题）、推理判断题（34题）、观点态度题（35题） 四类高考核心题型，全面考查文本解读、逻辑分析和信息提炼能力，无偏题怪题。 2. 考点紧扣文本细节与逻辑 所有题目答案均源于原文具体内容，如33题考查除微塑料效果的决定因素，需精准定位碳酸钙与水硬度的关联句；34题考查举例的目的，需结合上下文的逻辑关系判断，避免主观臆断。 3. 选材贴近现实，凸显实用价值 选取“微塑料污染与饮用水净化”的热点环保话题，兼具科学性与生活实用性，体现高考阅读“选材关注社会现实、引导学以致用”的导向。 命题规律 1. 写作手法题：依托段落内容特征，考查表达方式 针对段落的呈现形式设题，如32题考查第一段的行文方式，需根据“深海、喜马拉雅、火山岩”等列举内容判断“举例子”的手法，命题侧重“内容形式与表达手法的对应”。 2. 细节题：答案为原文信息的同义替换或归纳 细节题的正确选项是原文内容的改写或提炼，如33题“水的硬度”对应原文“水中碳酸钙的含量”，符合高考“细节题答案不照搬原文，需同义转换”的命题规律。 3. 推理题：围绕举例内容，考查其服务的主旨 举例类推理题的答案需结合例子前后的观点句，如34题瓶装水的例子，需依托前文“减少微塑料暴露愈发困难”的观点，判断例子是为了凸显问题的严重性，命题遵循“例子服务于主旨”的逻辑。 4. 观点题：聚焦人物言论，考查建议的核心指向 针对文中人物的观点设题，答案需精准抓取人物话语的核心，如35题Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议，需锁定“升级饮用水处理厂”这一关键信息，判断其指向研究发现的应用，命题侧重“观点的精准提炼”。 解题思维 1. 写作手法题：分析段落内容特征，匹配对应手法 先通读目标段落，梳理内容的呈现形式（如列举、引用、下定义等），再结合选项判断手法。如32题第一段通过多个场景的罗列呈现问题，直接对应“举例子”的手法。 2. 细节题：关键词定位+原文信息比对 用题干关键词（如33题的“effectiveness of trapping microplastics”）定位原文相关句子，提取核心信息（碳酸钙含量决定效果），再将选项与原文逐一比对，排除无关或错误选项。 3. 推理题：抓观点句+例子逻辑，遵循“有据可推” 先找到例子前后的观点性语句，再分析例子与观点的关系，推理结论需贴合原文逻辑，不可过度延伸。如34题不可主观认为例子是为了说明“瓶装水不安全”，而是为了凸显微塑料问题的严重性。 4. 观点题：定位人物言论，提炼核心诉求 先定位人物的话语内容，再剔除评价性表述，抓取其提出的具体建议或观点，匹配选项。如35题先排除Gauchotte-Lindsay对研究的肯定，聚焦“升级水处理厂”的建议，判断其指向研究成果的应用。 干扰项特征 1. 无中生有 干扰项内容在原文完全未提及，如33题的B“冷却时长”、C“过滤频率”，原文仅提到“煮沸后冷却过滤”，未涉及时长和频率的影响；35题的A“新研究方法”、C“更多研究者参与”，均无原文依据。 2. 偷换概念 干扰项偷换原文的核心概念，如33题的D“水中塑料类型”，原文提到研究仅聚焦三种塑料，但并未说明塑料类型会决定除污效果，属于偷换概念。 3. 偏离主旨 干扰项与例子或观点的核心指向不符，如34题的A“塑料回收的重要性”、C“过度饮用纯净水的危害”，均与瓶装水例子服务的“微塑料问题严重性”主旨无关。 4. 答非所问 干扰项内容正确但与题干问题无关，如35题的B“进一步研究的方向”，Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是应用层面，而非研究层面，属于答非所问。 1. 原句：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 结构拆解：①主句为 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth；②破折号后是并列结构的补充说明，包含 settled in..., stuck inside..., filled..., fallen in... 四个短语，用于具体说明微塑料的污染范围。 翻译：微塑料已成为全球范围内普遍的污染源——它们沉积在深海与喜马拉雅山脉，嵌在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃部，甚至落入南极的新雪之中。 考点：破折号引导的并列补充说明结构，常考细节理解与写作手法判断。 2. 原句：In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 结构拆解：①状语为 In a study...（过去分词 published 作后置定语修饰 study）；②主句为 researchers from China found that...；③宾语从句为 boiling tap water... could remove...，破折号中间的内容为插入语，补充说明具体操作步骤。 翻译：在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟，待其冷却后再过滤，可去除水中至少80%的微塑料。 考点：后置定语+宾语从句+插入语，常考细节定位与信息提取。 1. microplastics /ˈmaɪkrəʊˌplæstɪks/ n. 微塑料；环保话题核心术语 2. filter /ˈfɪltə(r)/ v. 过滤；例：filter the boiled water after cooling（冷却后过滤沸水） 3. calcium carbonate 碳酸钙；原文中决定除污效果的关键物质 4. exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/ n. 暴露；例：reduce microplastic exposure（减少微塑料暴露） 5. demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v. 证明；展示；例：demonstrate the trapping process（展示捕获过程） 6. upgrade /ˌʌpˈɡreɪd/ v. 升级；例：upgrade drinking water treatment plants（升级饮用水处理厂） 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 讨论了烘焙坊如何处理未售出的面包，并探讨了减少面包种类可能带来的影响 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 主要讲述了Nadine Grimm对Gyeli语言的研究及其重要性，她独特而可靠的研究方法促成了她研究的成功 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 主要介绍了阅读对孩子有很多好处，父母应该培养孩子们读书的兴趣 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 一些高中生认为接受高等教育是无用的，他们选择不上大学。作者表达应该去大学接受良好教育的一些理由 Passage5 七选五 说明文 主要介绍了领导者需具备的四项沟通技巧，助力其获得信任、激励团队积极变革 Passage6 七选五 说明文 介绍了四种节日期间回馈社会的方式：食物募捐、慈善捐赠、志愿服务、线上助力 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 讲述一位对自己影响深远的老师，渴望有一天能像斯塔克斯夫人那样，对自己的未来学生产生同样深刻的影响 Passage 1 (2025·山东济南莱芜区·一模)Have you ever visited a bakery (烘焙坊) for a sweet treat? And have you ever wondered what happens to the unsold bread? Lately, this topic has brought a wide discussion on the internet. Bread has a short sell-by date, because it is usually kept at room temperature. “Freshly baked bread can only be kept for 24 hours, while packaged(包装好的) bread lasts 3 days.” said a bakery manager in Jiangxi Province. To solve this problem, some bakeries sell the near-expired(临期的) bread at a lower price. But others would rather throw it way. “If we start furthering discounts, we are afraid that many customers will just wait for the discounted bread”, said a bakery owner, “This will hurt our daytime sales.” Can bakeries reduce the production to cut down on waste? A bakery manager explained, “A shelf full of bread catches the eye. This will make people want to buy more bread.” Most bakeries don’t want to cut back on the bread types, either. “People prefer freshness, so we need to keep introducing new types,” said Lu Liang, a bakery owner in Shanxi Province. What can bakeries do with near-expired bread? According to a baking teacher, bakeries can donate it to people in need. And the expired bread can be sent to recycling companies and turned into food for animals. In addition, some bakeries sell near-expired bread through “blind boxes”. At a bakery in Shanghai, for example, there is a blind box sale from 8 p. m. to 9 p. m. every day. People can get a random type of near-expired bread at a low price. “It's great because it reduces food waste,” said one customer. “And the blind box always gives me some fun!” 1. How does the writer begin the passage? A. By asking questions.B. By stating facts. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving reasons. 2. How long can we keep packaged bread? A. 8 hours. B. 24 hours. C. 3 days. D. 9 days. 3. What might happen if a bakery reduces the kinds of bread types? A. There will be less waste in bakeries. B. Customers will lose interest in buying. C. The bakery will save more money. D. The bakery will draw new customers. 4. How do customers feel with “blind boxes” according to the text? A. Familiar. B. Upset. C. Scared. D. Pleased. 5. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How to deal with the unsold bread? B. Where to buy more fresh bread? C. Why is it hard to sell packaged bread? D. What is needed to sell bread well? 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了烘焙坊如何处理未售出的面包，包括降价销售、捐赠、回收以及通过“盲盒”销售等方式，并探讨了减少面包种类可能带来的影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章开头“Have you ever visited a bakery (烘焙坊) for a sweet treat? And have you ever wondered what happens to the unsold bread?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开始这篇文章，引导读者思考未售出面包的处理问题。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Freshly baked bread can only be kept for 24 hours, while packaged (包装好的) bread lasts 3 days.”可知，包装好的面包可以保存3天。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A shelf full of bread catches the eye. This will make people want to buy more bread.”以及“People prefer freshness, so we need to keep introducing new types”可知，面包店认为满架的面包会吸引顾客购买更多，而且人们喜欢新鲜，所以需要不断推出新品种。因此，如果面包店减少面包种类，可能会导致顾客失去购买兴趣。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘It’s great because it reduces food waste,’ said one customer. ‘And the blind box always gives me some fun!’”可知，顾客认为“盲盒”很好，因为它减少了食物浪费，而且总是能给他们带来一些乐趣。因此，顾客对“盲盒”感到满意。故选D。 5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了烘焙坊如何处理未售出的面包，包括降价销售、捐赠、回收以及通过“盲盒”销售等方式。因此，最适合的标题是“如何处理未售出的面包？”。故选A。 Passage 2 (2025届江苏省苏锡常镇高三下学期一模考试英语试题)Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” This sets the tone for her study of the Gyeli language in Ngòló, a small village in southern Cameroon, rich in culture and hidden knowledge. In her prize-winning work, Grimm displays the essence of the Gyeli language, spoken by the Bagyeli people, who are sometimes called “Pygmies.” The grammatical description, which is presented in a form-to-function approach, covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli speech sounds to its information structure and complex sentences. Her path to studying African languages began by chance during her Bachelor’s degree in General Linguistics and French. She had an unexpected opportunity to work with a professor in Nigeria, which led to her first African language conference and started her interest in African languages. Grimm’s research includes deep fieldwork, such as recording conversations and joining in everyday activities with the Bagyeli. At first, she used assistants to communicate due to language barriers, but as her understanding grew, she began talking directly with the speakers. This method differs from traditional ones, focusing on real language use rather than simple word-for-word translations. The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. “When languages die, we lose entire knowledge systems,” Grimm says. Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. For her efforts, Grimm was awarded the 2023 Bloomfield Book Award from the Linguistic Society of America. A single Bloomfield Book award is made annually to recognize “a volume that makes an outstanding contribution of long-term value to the understanding of language and linguistics.” Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. 1. Why did Grimm write A Grammar of Gyeli? A. To keep a knowledge system. B. To honor her ancestors. C. To record the tone of Gyeli. D. To satisfy her interest in languages. 2. What do we know about the Gyeli language? A. It is endangered. B. It is simple in structure. C. It has to be studied in a form-to-function approach. D. It functions differently from other Bantu languages. 3. Why does the author mention Bantu languages? A. To highlight their importance. B. To illustrate the problem of disappearing languages. C. To emphasize the urgency of protecting them. D. To demonstrate the value of Grimm’s study. 4. What contributed most to the success of Grimm’s research? A. Her work with a professor in Nigeria. B. Her ability in learning a new language. C. Her relationship with the Bagyeli people. D. Her unique and reliable research method. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Nadine Grimm对Gyeli语言的研究及其重要性。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” (Nadine Grimm的A Grammar of Gyeli以一段纪念祖先的感人语录开场：“为了离开我们的祖先——愿我们保留他们的智慧。”)”可知，Grimm写A Grammar of Gyeli是为了保持一个知识体系。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. (鉴于全球语言消亡这一严峻问题，Grimm等参考语法著作的重要性便显而易见。全球有50%至90%的语言面临消亡风险，因此，记录诸如Gyeli这样的语言至关重要。)”可知，Gyeli语是濒临灭绝的，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. (她的工作不仅记录了Gyeli语，还增进了人们对濒危Bantu语整体的理解。这代表了对西北Bantu语最全面的描述之一。)”可知，作者提到Bantu语是为了证明Grimm的研究的价值。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. (Grimm的工作因增加了音频和视频记录而受到赞扬，这些记录提高了语言研究的可靠性。)”可知，她独特而可靠的研究方法促成了她研究的成功。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·山东淄博·期末）Digging into a book together with your child is always a great way to spend time, but did you know reading to your child from day one has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life? There are a whole host of brilliant effects of hearing stories which boost children’s minds. This is just as important as learning to spell. While children are stuck indoors, reading is the best way to spark their imagination. They can travel to the moon, meet the Gruffalo and pop in to a chocolate factory. This means children will have a solid creative base and develop their story telling skills as well as enjoying adventurous days at home. There’s no better way to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes than reading their stories.  That is a great way to build empathy(共情) needed now more than ever. There are some fantastic children’s books worth seeking out which show characters from all races and backgrounds doing brilliant things, acting as strong role models for the next generation. These stories can encourage future leaders and thinkers, so every child can feel they can achieve their dreams, from the Little Leaders series to Bedtime Stories for Rebel Girls. It’s inspiring to see everyone following their own path despite the barriers they come across. There’s a large number of remarkable books out right now which help little ones process emotions. From The Colour Monster to Ruby’s Worry, these books will help them to name and understand different emotions, which is essential for social development, making friends and growing relationships. It can also help them deal with difficult feelings, like loss or grief, with amazing books like Paper Dolls which explores memory and loss in a beautiful and positive way. Reading time is a brilliant connection with parents or carers, which strengthens confidence and a sense of safety for the little ones. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Reading enables children to spell. B．Imagination is of great benefit to reading C．Children can be expert in story telling. D．Reading stimulates children’s imagination. 2．To understand others better, we are advised to A．read their stories B．set up role models C．improve story telling skills D．walk a mile in someone else’s shoes 3．Which book is recommended when children are in a bad mood? A．The Gruffalo. B．Little Leaders. C．Paper Dolls. D．The Colour Monster. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To introduce some books. B．To advise parents to read more. C．To encourage children to read more. D．To show the benefits of reading to children 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了阅读对孩子有很多好处，父母应该培养孩子们读书的兴趣。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“There are a whole host of brilliant effects of hearing stories which boost children’s minds. This is just as important as learning to spell. While children are stuck indoors, reading is the best way to spark their imagination. (听故事有许多绝妙的效果，可以促进孩子们的思维。这和学习拼写一样重要。当孩子们被待在室内时，阅读是激发他们想象力的最好方式。)”可知，本段主要讲了阅读能激发孩子们的想象力。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There’s no better way to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes than reading their stories. (没有比读别人的故事更好的方式去站在别人的角度去思考问题了。)”可知，为了更好地了解别人，建议我们阅读他们的故事。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It can also help them deal with difficult feelings, like loss or grief, with amazing books like Paper Dolls which explores memory and loss in a beautiful and positive way. (它也可以帮助他们处理困难的感情，如失去或悲伤，用神奇的书如《纸娃娃》，以一种美丽和积极的方式探索记忆和失去。)”可知，当孩子心情不好时，推荐读《纸娃娃》。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Digging into a book together with your child is always a great way to spend time, but did you know reading to your child from day one has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life? (和你的孩子一起读一本书总是一种很好的消磨时间的方式，但是你知道从第一天就给你的孩子读书有一系列的好处，会让他们的生活有一个愉快的开始吗？)”和最后一段中“Reading time is a brilliant connection with parents or carers, which strengthens confidence and a sense of safety for the little ones. (阅读时光是与父母或照顾者的一种绝妙的联系，它增强了孩子们的信心和安全感。)”以及全文的描述，可知，本文主要介绍了阅读对孩子有很多好处，因此文章的目的是向孩子们展示读书的好处。故选D项。 Passage 4 （21-22学年高二上·山师大附中·期末）Some high school students think it useless to receive higher education. Therefore, they choose not to go to college. If you're one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there. Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge. We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained after you start working, but without education, that job will not be within easy reach. Knowledge leads to knowledge. While limited within the walls of the educational places, we openly explore other cultures of the world! We come to know that ours is not the only culture. Other cultures have valuable things to share, enriching our own. Education also makes us want to travel and exchange with various cultures, getting more experience. When there's a recession in the economy（经济）, those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set. The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary. When you're skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking. Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life. A good education makes you a more interesting person. You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what's on sale in stores. An educated person doesn't gossip（说闲话）, having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say. 1．What can we learn about college education from Paragraph 2? A．It offers you a chance to study abroad. B．It can allow you to gain more knowledge. C．It can improve the quality of your daily life. D．It encourages you to travel around the world. 2．What does the underlined word "recession" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．change. B．drop. C．growth. D．support. 3．How can one benefit from a good education ? A．You can gossip about others’ affairs. B．You are likely to study well at school. C．You can work well with your coworkers. D．You get to know excellent people with similar interests. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The benefits of attending college. B．The exchange with other cultures. C．The access to good networking. D．The ways of college education. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。一些高中生认为接受高等教育是无用的。因此，他们选择不上大学。就此作者表达了应该去大学接受良好教育的一些理由。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge.”可知学校和大学是获得知识的第一个地方。即它能使你获得更多知识。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文“those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set”可知那些上过大学的人比那些高中毕业、技能有限的人更有可能找到一份新工作，这应是在经济衰退时期，就业率不高的情况下得出的结论，划线部分单词含义为“衰退，下降”，A. Change.改变；B. Drop.下降；C. Growth.增长；D. Support.支持。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When you're skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking.（当你有技能，知识渊博时，你就能接触到有相似背景和品位的人。这意味着良好的教育可以导致好的关系网）”可知，良好的教育可以使你结识更优秀的，有相同兴趣的人。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.（以下是你应该上大学，接受良好教育的原因）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要内容为讨论去上大学的理由以及大学教育带来的好处。故选A。 Passage5 （浙江省金华十校2025-2026学年高三上学期11月考试英语试题）A leader is someone who inspires positive change by empowering those around them. 1 Effective communication is vital to gain trust, align (统一) efforts in the pursuit of goals, and inspire positive change. Here are some communication skills you need. Active Listening Effective leaders know when they need to talk and, more importantly, when they need to listen. Show that you care by asking for employees’ opinions, ideas, and feedback. 2 Pose questions, invite them to explain in detail, and take notes. Keep your focus on the employees and what they’re saying. Clarity 3 Define the desired result of a project or strategic initiative and be clear about what you want to see achieved by the end of each milestone. If goals aren’t being met, try simplifying your message further or ask how you can provide additional clarity or help. The more clear you are, the less confusion there will be. Empathy (共情) Empathy has been ranked the top leadership skill needed for success. The better you get at acknowledging and understanding employees’ feelings, the more heard and valued they’ll feel. In a recent survey, 96 percent of respondents said it was important for their employers to demonstrate empathy. 4 If you want to improve your communication and build a stronger and more productive culture, practice responding with empathy. Open Body Language Communication isn’t just what you say; it’s how you carry yourself. Ninety-three percent of communication's impact comes from nonverbal language, according to executive coach Darlene Price. To ensure you’re conveying the right message, focus on your body language. If you’re trying to inspire someone, talking with a furrowed brow (皱眉) isn’t going to send the right message. 5 A．Identify your communication style. B．Yet nine in ten claimed it remains undervalued. C．The most powerful tool for doing so is communication. D．When communicating with employees, speak in specifics. E．And when they do share, actively engage in the conversation. F．Your tone of voice equally shapes the perception of your message. G．Instead, make eye contact and flash a genuine smile to convey warmth and trust. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了领导者需具备的四项沟通技巧，助力其获得信任、激励团队积极变革。 1．上文“A leader is someone who inspires positive change by empowering those around them.(领导者是通过赋能身边的人来激发积极变革的人)”定义了领导者的核心特质，下文“Effective communication is vital to gain trust, align (统一) efforts in the pursuit of goals, and inspire positive change.(有效的沟通对于获得信任、统一目标行动、激发积极变革至关重要)”引出沟通的重要性。选项C“而实现这一点最有力的工具就是沟通。”中的doing so承接上文“激发积极变革”，自然引出下文“沟通”这一核心话题，逻辑连贯。故选C项。 2．上文“Show that you care by asking for employees’ opinions, ideas, and feedback.(通过询问员工的意见、想法和反馈来表明你在乎他们)”提出要主动征求员工想法，下文“Pose questions, invite them to explain in detail, and take notes.(提出问题，邀请他们详细解释，并做好笔记)”说明如何倾听。选项E“当他们真的分享时，积极参与到对话中。”衔接“征求想法”与“具体倾听动作”，逻辑连贯。故选E项。 3．本段主题为“Clarity (清晰表达)”，选项D“与员工沟通时，要具体表达。”呼应“清晰表达”的主题，引出下文“ Define the desired result of a project or strategic initiative and be clear about what you want to see achieved by the end of each milestone.(定义一个项目或战略计划的预期结果，并清楚地知道你希望在每个里程碑结束时实现什么)”的具体做法。故选D项。 4．上文“In a recent survey, 96 percent of respondents said it was important for their employers to demonstrate empathy.(在最近的一项调查中，96%的受访者表示雇主表现出共情很重要)”说明共情的重要性，下文“If you want to improve your communication and build a stronger and more productive culture, practice responding with empathy.(如果你想改善你的沟通，建立一个更强大、更有成效的文化，练习用共情来回应)”强调需践行共情。选项B“然而，九成受访者称共情仍然被低估。”用Yet形成转折，指出共情虽然重要但却被忽视，引出下文“需要践行共情”的建议，逻辑通顺。故选B项。 5．上文“If you’re trying to inspire someone, talking with a furrowed brow isn’t going to send the right message.(如果你想激励别人，皱眉说话不会传递正确的信息)”否定了不当肢体语言，选项G“相反，要进行眼神交流，露出真诚的微笑，以传递温暖和信任。”给出正确的肢体语言建议，符合“开放肢体语言”的段落主题。故选G项。 Passage6 （2026届广西南宁市高中毕业班10月摸底测试英语试题）Four Ways to Give Back During the Holidays Between your holiday parties, family responsibilities, and the pressure of finding the perfect gift, this time of year can go by in a flash. But during the holiday season, we are often reminded of something important. 1 Below are four easy ways to do just that by helping our neighbors facing hunger. Set up a holiday food drive. Get your friends, family or neighborhood together and start a food drive. 2 Then in the weeks leading up to the holidays and at holiday gatherings, encourage your neighbors and family to help make a difference by supporting your food drive. Deliver all the collected items to the food bank to ensure your efforts have the greatest impact. 3 Do you have a friend or family member that cares deeply for others? This year, consider donating to Feeding America in honor of your friends and family. You will be spreading the love twice as far by giving meals to families who are in need and giving your loved one a meaningful gift. Give a gift today. Volunteer! Did you know that 51% of all food programs rely entirely on volunteers? 4 But the feeling of helping your neighbors in need during the holiday season is priceless. Get in touch with your local food bank to learn more about volunteer opportunities. Make a difference online. There are lots of ways that you can help people facing hunger without leaving the comfort of your own home. You can start an online fundraiser or add Feeding America as your charity of choice on Amazon Smile or eBay. 5 A．Give a gift that gives back. B．It won’t cost you anything. C．Show concern for your loved one. D．They truly play a key role in volunteering. E．It’s to give back, especially to those in need. F．Your digital footprint may inspire others to join you. G．Contact your local food bank and learn what items they need most first. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．A 4．B 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种节日期间回馈社会的方式：食物募捐、慈善捐赠、志愿服务、线上助力。 1．前文“But during the holiday season, we are often reminded of something important. (但在节日期间，我们经常会想起一些重要的事情)”提到节日期间有重要的事情，后文“Below are four easy ways to do just that by helping our neighbors facing hunger. (下面是帮助我们面对饥饿的邻居的四种简单方法)”引出帮助饥饿邻居的方法，空处应说明重要的事情是什么，且与帮助他人相关，因此E项“It’s to give back, especially to those in need. (回馈社会，尤其是帮助有需要的人)”符合语境，承接前文，为后文的方法做铺垫，其中的It指代前文的something important，those in need和后文的our neighbors facing hunger呼应。故选E。 2．前文“Get your friends, family or neighborhood together and start a food drive. (把你的朋友、家人或邻居聚在一起，发起一个食物募捐活动)”建议组织食物募捐活动，后文“Then in the weeks leading up to the holidays and at holiday gatherings, encourage your neighbors and family to help make a difference by supporting your food drive. (然后在节日前的几周和节日聚会上，鼓励你的邻居和家人通过支持你的食物活动来帮助改变)”介绍进一步的做法是鼓励身边人支持募捐，空处应介绍食物募捐的第一步，因此G项“Contact your local food bank and learn what items they need most first. (联系当地食品银行，先了解它们最需要的物品)”符合语境，契合募捐的活动步骤，承前启后。故选G。 3．后文“Do you have a friend or family member that cares deeply for others? This year, consider donating to Feeding America in honor of your friends and family. You will be spreading the love twice as far by giving meals to families who are in need and giving your loved one a meaningful gift. (你有一个朋友或家人非常关心别人吗？今年，考虑向Feeding America组织捐款，向你的朋友和家人表示敬意。通过给有需要的家庭送餐和给你所爱的人一份有意义的礼物，你将把爱传播得更远)”建议以朋友或家人的名义向慈善机构捐款，既帮助他人，又表达心意。空处是段落标题，应建议以捐款的形式送礼，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式，因此A项“Give a gift that gives back. (送一份能回馈社会的礼物)”符合语境，契合段落内容。故选A。 4．前文“Did you know that 51% of all food programs rely entirely on volunteers? (你知道51%的食品项目完全依靠志愿者吗)”指出志愿者的重要性，后文“But the feeling of helping your neighbors in need during the holiday season is priceless. (但是在节日期间帮助有需要的邻居的感觉是无价的)”话题转折，强调提供帮助的价值，空处应和价值形成对比，说明行动或投入虽小，因此B项“It won’t cost you anything. (它不会花费你任何东西)”符合语境，承接前文，和后文构成转折。故选B。 5．前文“There are lots of ways that you can help people facing hunger without leaving the comfort of your own home. You can start an online fundraiser or add Feeding America as your charity of choice on Amazon Smile or eBay. (有很多方法可以让你不用离开舒适的家就能帮助那些面对饥饿的人。你可以发起一个在线筹款活动，或者在Amazon Smile或eBay上添加Feeding America作为你的慈善选择)”建议在线帮助饥饿人群，并给出具体的做法示例，空处应说明这一行为的影响，因此F项“Your digital footprint may inspire others to join you. (你的数字足迹可能会激励他人加入)”符合语境，指出在线行为的积极效果，承接前文。故选F。 Passage7 （24-25学年高二上·山东日照·期末）When reflecting on the shift from childhood to adulthood, many of us often go over the memories that have shaped our lives. Among these memories, there is usually one teacher who remains 1 even after many years have passed. These outstanding 2 can make a lasting influence on us whether it is positive or negative. However, in my personal recollection, the teacher I 3 had an exceptionally profound and positive influence on me. Mrs Stacks, my fourth-grade teacher, left a lasting 4 on me. She had her own 5 set of rules and a delightful sense of humor that made her class inviting. Mrs Stacks was good at 6 us with interactive lessons, such as taking us to the school garden to 7 the butterfly life cycle. One memory that 8 to me is that our teacher, Mrs Stacks, would 9 spelling bees on Thursdays to help us remember our spelling words. What was 10 remarkable about these bees was that every single person in the class 11 at least a “B” on their spelling test the following day. I believe the reason for Mrs Stacks’ 12 among students was rooted in her genuine love and care towards us. Whenever we performed well, she would 13 and motivate us to excel even more. The influence she had on my life as an unforgettable teacher is 14 . I long to one day have the same profound 15 on my own future students just like Mrs Stacks had on me. 1．A．unacceptable B．unbelievable C．unreasonable D．unforgettable. 2．A．adults B．educators C．scientists D．organizers 3．A．recall B．respect C．meet D．know 4．A．attraction B．imagination C．impression D．inspiration 5．A．strict B．unique C．beneficial D．valuable 6．A．correcting B．connecting C．encouraging D．educating 7．A．memorize B．predict C．explore D．change 8．A．stands out B．slips away C．goes by D．makes sense 9．A．fund B．advertise C．organize D．record 10．A．generally B．truly C．widely D．strangely 11．A．chose B．spelt C．completed D．achieved 12．A．popularity B．confidence C．devotion D．enthusiasm 13．A．warn B．comfort C．reward D．require 14．A．reproduced B．permanent C．removable D．understood 15．A．instruction B．memory C．mark D．impact 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者记忆中一位对自己影响深远的老师。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这些记忆中，通常有一位老师多年后仍然难以忘怀。A. unacceptable不可接受的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unreasonable不合理的；D. unforgettable难忘的。根据后文“even after many years have passed”以及常识可知，多年后仍然记得的应该是“难忘的”老师。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些杰出的教育工作者无论对我们产生的是积极影响还是消极影响，都会对我们产生持久的影响。A. adults成年人；B. educators教育工作者；C. scientists科学家；D. organizers组织者。根据前文“there is usually one teacher”可知，此处指老师这一教育工作者群体。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，就我个人回忆而言，我记起的那位老师对我产生了极其深远且积极的影响。A. recall记起，回忆；B. respect尊重；C. meet遇见，认识；D. know知道。根据前文“When reflecting on the shift from childhood to adulthood, many of us often go over the memories that have shaped our lives.”和“in my personal recollection, the teacher I”可知，此处表示作者回忆一位老师对作者影响深远，所以用recall“记起”，符合题意。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我四年级的老师斯塔克斯夫人给我留下了深刻的印象。A. attraction吸引力；B. imagination想象力；C. impression印象；D. inspiration灵感。根据前文“Mrs Stacks, my fourth-grade teacher, left a lasting”和后文“on me”可知，此处指老师给作者留下了深刻的印象。make an impression on sb.表示“给某人留下印象”，为固定短语。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她有自己独特的一套规则和一种令人愉快的幽默感，使她的课堂引人入胜。A. strict严格的；B. unique独特的；C. beneficial有益的；D. valuable有价值的。根据前文“She had her own”和后文“set of rules”可知，此处指她有自己独特的一套规则。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯塔克斯夫人擅长用互动课程来教育我们，比如带我们去学校花园探索蝴蝶的生命周期。A. correcting纠正；B. connecting连接；C. encouraging鼓励；D. educating教育。根据后文“us with interactive lessons”可知，此处指老师用互动课程来教育学生们。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. memorize记忆；B. predict预测；C. explore探索；D. change改变。根据后文“the butterfly life cycle”可知，此处指老师带学生们探索蝴蝶的生命周期。故选C。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我记忆中突出的一件事是我们的老师斯塔克斯夫人每周四都会组织拼写比赛，帮助我们记住拼写单词。A. stands out突出，显眼；B. slips away溜走；C. goes by过去；D. makes sense有意义。根据后文“to me is that our teacher, Mrs Stacks, would 9　　　 spelling bees on Thursdays to help us remember our spelling words. ”可知，老师斯塔克斯夫人每周四都会组织拼写比赛，帮助学生们记住拼写单词，这是作者记忆犹新的一件事。stands out是固定短语，意思是“突出，显眼，引人注目”，在这里表示这段记忆在作者的脑海中很突出、印象深刻。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fund资助；B. advertise做广告；C. organize组织；D. record记录。根据后文“spelling bees on Thursdays”可知，此处指老师每周四都会组织拼写比赛。故选C。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些拼写比赛真正令人惊奇的是，班上每个人在第二天的拼写测试中至少都取得了“B”。A. generally一般地；B. truly真正地；C. widely广泛地；D. strangely奇怪地。根据后文“remarkable about these bees was that every single person in the class 　11　 at least a “B” on their spelling test the following day.”可知，班上每个人在第二天的拼写测试中至少都得了“B”，此处表示这些拼写比赛真正令人惊奇。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. chose选择；B. spelt拼写；C. completed完成；D. achieved取得（成就）。根据后文“at least a “B” on their spelling test”可知，此处指班上每个人在第二天的拼写测试中至少都得了“B”，即取得了“B”的成绩。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为斯塔克斯夫人在学生中受欢迎的原因在于她对我们真正的爱和关心。A. popularity受欢迎程度；B. confidence自信；C. devotion奉献；D. enthusiasm热情。根据后文“among students was rooted in her genuine love and care towards us.”可知，她对学生们真正的爱和关心，这是斯塔克斯夫人在学生中很受欢迎的原因。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我们表现得好时，她就会奖励我们，激励我们取得更大的进步。A. warn警告；B. comfort安慰；C. reward奖励；D. require要求。根据前文“Whenever we performed well”和后文“and motivate us to excel even more”可知，学生们表现好的时候，老师会给与学生们奖励，激励学生们取得更大的进步。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她作为一位令人难忘的老师对我生活的影响是永久的。A. reproduced复制的；B. permanent永久的；C. removable可移动的；D. understood理解的。根据前文“The influence she had on my life as an unforgettable teacher”可知，她作为一位令人难忘的老师对作者生活的影响是永久的。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我渴望有一天能像斯塔克斯夫人对我那样，对自己的未来学生产生同样深刻的影响。A. instruction指导；B. memory记忆；C. mark记号；D. impact影响。根据前文“The influence she had on my life as an unforgettable teacher”和后文“on my own future students just like Mrs Stacks had on me”可知，此处表示作者渴望有一天能像斯塔克斯夫人对作者那样，对自己的未来学生产生同样深刻的影响。have an impact on sb.表示“对某人有影响”。故选D。 $