内容正文:
过去进行时(上)
初中英语语法
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考情总览
考查频率
中高频考点:80%以上的中考卷会直接或间接考查
分值占比:直接考查约占 2-5分
难度等级:中等难度,易与一般过去时混淆
考查形式分布
单项选择题:40% (时态辨析、动词形式)
完形填空题:30% (根据语境选择正确时态)
动词填空题:20% (用所给动词的正确形式填空)
书面表达题:10% (在记叙文中运用)
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Part 1
定义与时间状语
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Lead in
At 8 o’clock last night, I was watching TV.
昨晚8点,我正在看电视。
定义
过去进行时是英语中描述过去某个特定时刻或时段正在发生或持续进行的动作或状态的时态。
8:00
小学
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时间状语
常用的时间状语有:
this morning
the whole morning
at nine/eight/… o’clock yesterday morning
when/ while
at that time
all day yesterday
小学
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例题(1)
I ______ my homework at nine o’clock yesterday morning.
A. do B. was doing C. did
【解析】句意:昨天早上九点钟我正在写作业。本题考查过去进行时和时间状语的搭配。“at nine o’clock yesterday morning” 是过去进行时的标志性时间状语;I 对应的 be 动词是 was,do 的现在分词是 doing。A和C 选项时态错误。故选 B。
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例题(2)
The students were having a class meeting _____________ (今天上午).
【解析】句意:今天上午学生们正在开班会。本题考查过去进行时的用法。班会是 “正在进行的动作”,用过去进行时 were having;今天上午“this morning” ,在此处表示过去的时间。
this morning
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练习(1)
— Mike, did you go to the movies at 8 last
night?
— No. I ________ my grandparents at that time.
A. visit
B. will visit
C. was visiting
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练习(2)
Lisa _____________ (listen) to music _____________(那时) yesterday, so she didn’t hear the doorbell.
at that time
was listening
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Part 2
基本用法
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表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作
例如:
At 7:00 yesterday, I was doing morning exercises.
昨天 7 点,我正在做早操。
小学
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表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作
例如:
I was cleaning my room from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday.
昨天下午 2 点到 4 点我一直在打扫我的房间。
小学
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描述过去两个同时发生的动作
例如:
While I was cooking dinner, my husband was setting the table.
我在做晚饭的时候,我丈夫在摆餐具。
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描述一个过去持续的动作被另一个过去的动作打断
例如:
While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.
我们正在野餐时,天开始下雨了。
一个较长、持续进行的动作(用过去进行时)被一个较短、突然发生的动作(用一般过去时)打断。
常用连接词:when, while, as。
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为故事或描述提供背景氛围
在叙述过去发生的事情时,用过去进行时描绘当时的场景、背景或正在持续的状态,为主事件的发生设定舞台。
例如:
It was raining heavily. The wind was blowing hard. We were sitting by the fire, telling stories.
雨下得很大,风刮得很猛,我们围坐在炉火旁讲故事。
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例题(1)
Hey, John! What’s up? I ________ a shower
when you called.
A. had taken B. have taken
C. was taking D. am taking
【解析】句意:嗨,约翰!有什么事吗?你打电话的时候我正在洗澡。考查过去进行时。根据“…when you called.”可知,强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作,用过去进行时。故选C。
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例题(2)
— Why didn’t you answer my Wechat phone at
eight o’clock last night?
— Sorry, I ______________(take) a walk with my
friend along the river.
【解析】句意:昨晚8点钟你为什么不接我的微信电话?抱歉,我和朋友正在河边散步。根据“at eight o’clock last night”可知,询问过去某个时间正在做的事情,用过去进行时,主语I是第一人称,be用was,故填was taking。
was taking
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练习(1)
—You look tired!
— My husband _______ football matches
all night. That was too noisy!
A. watches B. has watched
C. was watching D. will watch
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练习(2)
He ____________(draw) on the beach from 7 to 9 o’clock yesterday morning.
was drawing
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Part 3
句式结构
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肯定句
I was reading a book at 8 o’clock last night.
昨晚8点钟我正在看书。
主语 + was/were + v.-ing + 其他.
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否定句
She wasn’t watching TV at that time.
那个时候她没在看电视。
主语 + was/were not + v.-ing + 其他.
(was not = wasn’t, were not = weren’t)
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一般疑问句
— Was he working on the project all night?
他整晚都在做那个项目吗?
— Yes, he was. 是的。
— Was/Were + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他?
— Yes, 主语 + was/were.
No, 主语 + was/were not.
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特殊疑问句
What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night?
昨晚8点你在干什么?
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+ v.-ing+其他?
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例题(1)
I was doing my homework at seven last night. (变成否定句)
I ________ ________ my homework at seven last night.
【解析】句意:昨晚七点我正在做作业。否定句在be动词后加not,原句时态为过去进行时,故填wasn’t;doing。
wasn’t doing
肯变否
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例题(2)
The Browns were watching TV when they got the phone call last night. (改为一般疑问句)
_______the Browns __________ TV when they got the phone call last night?
【解析】句意:布朗一家昨晚接到电话时正在看电视。
原句是由when引导的时间状语从句,主句是过去进行时结构,一般疑问句要把be动词were提到句首并首字母大写,其他顺序不变,故填Were;watching.
肯变疑
Were
watching
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练习(1)
Linda helps her mum with housework every day. (用at 10 o’clock yesterday morning替换时间状语,改写句子)
Linda ________ _________ her mum with housework at 10 o’clock yesterday morning.
was helping
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练习(2)
I was studying for the test when the rainstorm came. (对划线部分提问)
________were you ________when the rainstorm came?
What
doing
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