UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(译林版)
2026-06-02
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教辅
资源信息
| 学段 | 高中 |
| 学科 | 英语 |
| 教材版本 | 高中英语译林版必修第三册 |
| 年级 | 高一 |
| 章节 | Grammar and usage |
| 类型 | 教案-讲义 |
| 知识点 | - |
| 使用场景 | 同步教学-新授课 |
| 学年 | 2026-2027 |
| 地区(省份) | 全国 |
| 地区(市) | - |
| 地区(区县) | - |
| 文件格式 | ZIP |
| 文件大小 | 416 KB |
| 发布时间 | 2026-06-02 |
| 更新时间 | 2026-06-02 |
| 作者 | 拾光树文化 |
| 品牌系列 | 优学精讲·高中同步 |
| 审核时间 | 2026-03-29 |
| 下载链接 | https://m.zxxk.com/soft/57024853.html |
| 价格 | 3.00储值(1储值=1元) |
| 来源 | 学科网 |
|---|
摘要:
本讲义聚焦动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语核心语法点,通过例句导入引导学生发现用法规律,系统梳理定语(前置/后置及与-ing形式区别)、状语(时间/原因等功能)、宾语补足语(使役/感官动词等用法)的具体规则,辅以即时演练构建完整学习支架。
资料以教材语境例句(如Fleming实验相关句子)为载体,结合对比分析(-ed与-ing形式)、分层演练(语法填空/句型转换)及词汇拓展(如surround/favour用法),助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力,培养逻辑分析的思维品质,课中辅助教师系统教学,课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。
内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
阅读下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.
2.Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests.
3.When I began to sing, he laughed and made me embarrassed.
4.Seen from a distance, the mountain looks like a lion.
5.David had some flowers sent to Mary on her birthday.
6.She sat in the chair with her eyes closed, enjoying the music.
7.As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
8.He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.
【我的发现】
(1)句 和句 中动词-ed形式作定语。单个动词-ed形式作 定语,而动词-ed形式作定语时往往作 定语。
(2)句 和句 中动词-ed形式作 ,在意义上相当于一个状语从句。
(3)句3、5、6和8中动词-ed形式作 。
一、动词-ed形式作定语
1.动词-ed形式作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语:一般情况下,单个动词-ed形式作前置定语,常置于被修饰词之前。
The excited children ran into the classroom.
兴奋的孩子们跑进了教室。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。
The confused look on his face showed he didn’t understand.
他脸上困惑的表情表明他没明白。
名师点津
少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left,只能作后置定语。
Among the people invited were some ladies.
被邀请的人中,有一些是女士。
The books left are for my students.
剩下的书是给我的学生们的。
(2)后置定语:动词-ed形式作定语时,往往作后置定语,常置于被修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
The bridge damaged in the flood needs to be rebuilt.
=The bridge which was damaged in the flood needs to be rebuilt.
在洪水中受损的那座桥需要重建。
2.动词-ed形式作定语时的意义
及物动词的-ed形式作定语,通常既可以表示已经完成,又可以表示被动的意义;不及物动词的-ed形式作定语,常表示已经发生的动作。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成)
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.(表示已经发生)
上周,我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
3.动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别
(1)语态上不同:动词-ing形式表示主动意义,动词-ed形式多表示被动意义。
The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai Conservatory of Music.
在台上弹钢琴的那个年轻人来自上海音乐学院。
The students selected for the competition are very excellent.
被选去参加比赛的学生非常优秀。
(2)时间关系上不同:动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作,而动词-ed形式表示已经完成的动作。
On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.
另一方面,我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。
As is known to us, China is a developing country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
4.动词-ed形式(done)、动词-ing形式的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语时的区别
意义
形式
语态
时态
done
被动
完成
being done
被动
正在进行
to be done
被动
尚未发生
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our teaching building.
现在正在建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下个月将要建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
②The (experience) teacher knows how to handle difficult students.
③The cars (sell) at the market now are made in Beijing.
④Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
⑤The (fade) photograph brought back the old couple many memories.
⑥The plan which was proposed by the team is quite practical.
→The plan is quite practical.(动词-ed形式作定语)
⑦The people invited to the party are all my close friends.
→
(复合句)
二、动词-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,动词-ed形式所表示的动作与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等,有时可与连词一起使用。
1.动词-ed形式作状语时的语法意义
动词-ed形式作状语表示被动或完成,其逻辑主语为主句的主语,且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
2.动词-ed形式作状语时的句法功能
(1)动词-ed形式作时间状语,通常放在句首,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the top of the hill (=When it is seen from the top of the hill), the city looks very beautiful.
从山顶上看,这座城市看起来非常美丽。
Asked about his address (=When he was asked about his address), the boy didn’t respond.
问及他的地址时,小男孩没有回答。
(2)动词-ed形式作原因状语,一般置于句首,在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。
Frightened by the loud noise (=As/Because she was frightened by the loud noise), the little girl began to cry.
被巨大的声响吓到,小女孩开始哭起来。
(3)动词-ed形式作条件状语,通常放在句首,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated to a high temperature (=If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapor.
如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸气。
(4)动词-ed形式作让步状语,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Defeated again (=Though/Although he was defeated again), he didn’t lose heart.
尽管再次被打败了,他并没有灰心。
(5)动词-ed形式作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;动词-ed形式作伴随状语时,通常放在句末。作方式状语或伴随状语时可转换为并列结构。
Followed by a group of students, the teacher entered the classroom.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.
老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
3.动词-ed形式作状语时的省略
动词-ed形式作状语时,前面有时可以加上when, if, while, though, even if, until, unless等连词,这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。
Even if invited (=Even if I’m invited), I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀请,我也不会参加那个聚会。
4.动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
动词-ed形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表示被动;动词-ing形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表示主动。无论是动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×)
If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√)
If the thief is caught, the police will punish him/her.(√)
【即时演练2】 用动词-ed形式改写句子
①The actress entered the hall and she was surrounded by her fans.
→The actress entered the hall, .
②Because they were deeply moved by the movie, the children began to cry.
→ , the children began to cry.
③Although he was criticized by the teacher, he still made the same mistake.
→ , he still made the same mistake.
④She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.
→She sat by the window, .
⑤When I am given more time, I’ll finish the work better.
→ , I’ll finish the work better.
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的多是及物动词的-ed形式,说明宾语的状态或性质,与宾语一起构成复合宾语,前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1.动词-ed形式用在表示状态的keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起床晚了,没吃早饭就匆忙去办公室了。
2.动词-ed形式用在使役动词have, get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+动词-ed形式”可以表示两种含义,“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
I had my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天剪了头发。
You should get your bike repaired as soon as possible.
你应该尽快把你的自行车修好。
While they were on holiday, they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时,他们的汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make+宾语+动词-ed形式”这种结构中,动词-ed形式表示结果。
The old man raised his voice to make himself heard.
老人提高声音以便让别人能听到他。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简单的英语来使他们自己被理解。
3.在感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,强调被动的状态。
When I got home, I found the door locked.
当我到家时,我发现门被锁上了。
When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家里过假期。
4.表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。
I want the task finished by the end of this week.
我希望这项任务在本周末前完成。
She wishes her novel published soon.
她希望她的小说能尽快出版。
5.动词-ed形式用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一复合结构中,动词-ed形式与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
With all the lights turned off, the room was completely dark.
所有灯都关了,房间里一片漆黑。
The old man walked slowly in the park with his back bent.
老人弓着背在公园里慢慢地走着。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
①He said he .
他说他喜欢他的房间用蓝色装饰。
②The next morning, the old man with an old coat.
第二天早上,老人发现自己身上盖着一件旧外套。
③They at the local theater.
他们观看了在当地剧院放映的电影。
④He was trying to .
他试图让别人明白他的意思。
⑤The house looks beautiful .
墙壁被漆成白色,这房子看起来很漂亮。
1.surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
教材原句 He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.
他发现模具旁边的细菌都死了。
【用法】
(1)surround ...with ... 用……包围/环绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的
surroundings n. 环境(常用复数)
【佳句】 To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对一些人来说,幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
In a word, you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings soon.
总之,欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。
【点津】 surroundings常用复数形式,表示周围具体的物质环境。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Surrounding yourself people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial.
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness,and the (surround) soup hot, clear and delicious.
③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful (surround).
【写美】 一句多译
④这个湖被绿树环抱,非常漂亮。
→Green trees , and it is very beautiful.(并列结构)
→ , the lake is very beautiful.(动词-ed形式作状语)
→ , it is very beautiful.(with复合结构)
2.favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
教材原句 As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
正如路·巴斯德所说:“幸运垂青于有准备的人。”
【用法】
(1)in favour of 支持,赞同;有利于
in one’s favour 对某人有利
(2)do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 给某人以恩惠;帮助某人
ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
(3)favourable adj. 赞同的;有利的;良好的
favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)
【佳句】 He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren’t in favour of his opinion. (情绪描写)
当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时,他勃然大怒。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
②It was a turning point.Things are starting to go our favour.
③Most people are in favour bringing down the housing prices.
【写美】 词汇升级
④I was wondering if you could help me by guiding us to revise a short play. (求助信)
→I was wondering if you could by guiding us to revise a short play.
3.charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管
教材原句 When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key.
当雷雨来临时,闪电就会给钥匙充电。
【用法】
(1)charge sb for sth 因某事向某人收费
charge sb with (doing) sth=accuse sb of (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……(主语通常是人)
in the charge of=in sb’s charge 受……的管理;由……负责(主语通常是物)
(3)free of charge=for free 免费
【佳句】 (人教必修三)She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.
她向病人收取的治疗费用极低,而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①How much money did the authorities charge you running the shop without a permit?
②Whoever is charged a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
③Officially he is charge, but in fact his secretary does all the work.
【写美】 同义句转换
④The house has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year.
→Mr Bell has been the house for more than a year.
提示:完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ
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Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
(1)1 7 前置 后置 (2)2 4 状语 (3)宾语补足语
即时演练1
①inspired ②experienced ③being sold ④founded
⑤faded ⑥proposed by the team ⑦The people who are invited to the party are all my close friends.
即时演练2
①surrounded by her fans ②Deeply moved by the movie ③Criticized by the teacher ④lost in thought
⑤Given more time
即时演练3
①liked his room decorated in blue ②found himself covered ③watched the movie shown ④make himself understood ⑤with the walls painted white
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①with ②surrounding ③surroundings ④surround the lake; Surrounded by green trees; With green trees surrounding the lake
2.①favourites ②in ③of
④do me a favour/do a favour for me
3.①for ②with ③in ④in charge of
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