UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义围绕《庞贝城的末日》节选展开，核心知识点涵盖文本解读（古罗马城市风貌、火山喷发过程与历史影响）、语言知识（核心词汇如erupt、unearth，语法如as引导方式状语从句、be to do结构）及阅读策略（架构分析、精读训练），通过“快速阅读理脉络—精读答题—词汇语法系统学习”的递进式支架，构建完整学习路径。 该资料特色在于融合文化意识（借庞贝城遗迹理解古罗马文明，增强历史文化认知）、语言能力（归纳构词法、解构重点句型并设计应用练习，提升语言理解与表达）和思维品质（分析排比、暗喻等修辞，通过逻辑排序题训练推理能力）。课中分层练习辅助教师高效授课，课后维度练习帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment The Last Days of Pompeii 　　 （Excerpt） 　　Edward Bulwer-Lytton （1803－1873） was a talented British writer who left his mark on① the English language.[1]His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman② city of Pompeii in the year 79③， when Mount Vesuvius erupted④.[2]This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages.Since 1748， Pompeii has been systematically⑤ unearthed⑥.Today it is an international tourist destination⑦. 　　[1]句中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the year 79，when在从句中作时间状语。 　　[2]句中as引导方式状语从句，as后的it指代前面的 the ancient city； as it was 意为“按照原来的样子”。 　　Pompeii was a typical Roman city.In its little shops， its tiny palaces， its forum⑧， its wine bars⑨， its theatre—in the energy and skill⑩ of its people， you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.[3]Trading ships bringing imports⑪ to the city or carrying exports⑫ overseas， along with golden pleasure boats for the rich， were crowded together in the glassy water⑬ of the port⑭.The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions⑮.Above all⑯， the cloud-capped⑰ top of Mount Vesuvius appeared.[4] Its ashy⑱ rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！ 　　[3]along with连接并列主语Trading ships和golden pleasure boats，谓语是were crowded together，与前面的主语Trading ships保持数的一致；动词-ing形式短语bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas作后置定语，修饰Trading ships。 　　[4]now dark， now light作伴随状语； that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a story； what was to come 作 warned 的宾语，其中be to do结构表示将来；might have done 表示“过去本可以做但实际并没有做”。 　　[5]The awful night rolled slowly away， and the dawn⑲greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII！ [6]The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It took the form of⑳a huge tree： the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！ This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment： now it was wildly bright， now of a pale and dying red， and now again it burnt with an unbearable㉑ light！ 　　[5]字母全部大写，起强调作用；同时与文章标题相呼应，突出悲剧式的主题，给读者以视觉上的震撼。 　　[6]and连接两个并列谓语looked和saw； saw ...a huge cloud shooting ...是“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；介词短语with unspeakable fear在此处作状语。 　　The cries of women broke out㉒； the men looked at each other， but were silent.At that moment， they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet； beyond㉓ in the distance㉔， they heard the crash of falling roofs.A moment later， the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them， dark and rapid， like a river； at the same time， it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！[7]Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide㉕—with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea—fell that awful shower！ 　　[7]本句是完全倒装句。该句最重要的信息 fell that awful shower以主句形式出现在最后，次要的信息出现在句首， 通常，这样的句式称为“圆周句”或者“掉尾句”。这种句式可以营造一种悬念，抓住读者的注意力， 随着句子一步步展开， 一层层深入， 在末尾形成高潮， 有力地表达了重要的信息。 　　Each turned to fly—each running， pressing， pushing against the other.If， in the darkness， wife was separated from㉖ husband， or parent from child， there was no hope of their meeting again.Each hurried blindly and fearfully on.[8]So came the earthquake ...and so ended life in Pompeii. 　　Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place.[9] Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday； not a single colour changed on the rich pattern㉗ of its floors.In its forum， the half-finished columns㉘ seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand.[10]Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii， the remains㉙ of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short㉚. 　　[8]本句是and连接的并列句，两个分句都是完全倒装句。 　　[9]as if引导方式状语从句，as if painted yesterday为状语从句的省略，完整的句子应该是as if they were painted yesterday。 　　[10]Long after引导时间状语从句；主句是主谓结构，其中to remind us ...是动词不定式短语作结果状语，后面that human lives ...中的that引导的是宾语从句。 ①leave one’s mark on 对……留下久远的影响 ②Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n.古罗马人；罗马人 the ancient Roman 古罗马 ③in the year 79在公元79年 in the year 79 BCE在公元前79年 ④erupt vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生 volcanic eruptions 火山喷发 ⑤systematically adv.系统地，有组织地 systematical adj.成体系的；有条理的；系统的system n.体系；制度；系统 ⑥unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 [同义]excavate， explore ⑦destination n.目的地，终点 ⑧forum n.（古罗马）公共集会场所；论坛 ⑨bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 wine bars 酒吧 ⑩energy and skill 活力和技艺 ⑪import n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进 ⑫export n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出 ⑬in the glassy water 在波光粼粼的水面上 ⑭port n.港口，避风港；港口城市 [同义]harbour n.海港；港口；海湾 ⑮in all directions 朝着四面八方 ⑯above all 在……上方；首先 most of all 最重要的是；首先 ⑰cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 ⑱ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 ash n.灰；灰烬 ⑲dawn n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 at dawn 在黎明，在拂晓 ⑳take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 ㉑unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 [构词]un-（否定前缀）＋bear（vt.）＋-able（形容词后缀）→unbearable [近义]intolerable adj.无法忍受的，不能容忍的，完全不可接受的 [反义]bearable adj.可忍受的，能应付的 ㉒break out 突然开始，爆发 ㉓beyond adv.在（或向）较远处；在另一边 prep.在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 ㉔distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 in the distance 在远方；在远处 ㉕far and wide 到处，各处 here and there 到处，各处 ㉖be separated from 与……分离 be divided into 被分成…… ㉗pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 ㉘column n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 ㉙remains n.遗址，遗迹；剩余物 ㉚lives burn bright and short 生命灿烂而短暂 参考译文 庞贝城的末日 （节选） 　　爱德华·布尔沃-利顿（1803—1873）是一位才华横溢的英国作家，对英语语言产生了深远的影响。在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。从1748年起，庞贝城开始得到系统发掘，如今这里已成为国际旅游胜地。 　　庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺，一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 　　可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！ 　　女人们开始尖叫，男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动，他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水，与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头。可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上，到处都是，落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响！ 　　所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。 　　时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph？（　　） A.There used to be few shops in Pompeii. B.The people in Pompeii used to live poorly. C.Some boats were destroyed in the accident. D.Pompeii was a busy city before it was ruined. 2.Which destroyed the city of Pompeii completely？（　　） A.A terrible flood. B.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius. C.A terrible hurricane. D.A terrible tsunami. 3.Which of the following is the right order of the volcanic eruption？（　　） a.The earthquake came. b.Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. c.The fire moved and changed in colour with every moment. d.A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano，looking like a huge tree of fire. e.The mountain-cloud rolled near， dark and rapid， like a river.It threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！ A.acbed　 B.dceba C.abdec　 D.baecd 4.How did people react when they saw the eruption of Mount Vesuvius？（　　） A.Frightened.　 B.Calm. C.Brave.　 D.Worried. 5.What happened to Pompeii seventeen centuries later？（　　） A.It was buried deep and forgotten by people forever. B.The colour faded on the rich patterns of its floors. C.It was restored to its former glory. D.It remained as it had been and could still remind people of its glorious past. 6.What is the author’s tone when writing this text？（　　） A.Indifferent.　 B.Positive. C.Upset.　 D.Excited. 答案：1－6　DBBADC 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 （1）名词＋动词-ed →形容词 ①cloud-capped 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 ②man-made 人造的，人工的 ③machine-made 机器制造的 （2）名词＋动词-ing →形容词 ①English-speaking 讲英语的，说英语的 ②peace-loving 爱好和平的 （3）形容词＋动词-ing →形容词 ①funny-looking 样子好笑的；长相滑稽的 ②ordinary-looking 长相一般的；相貌平平的 （4）形容词＋名词-ed →形容词 ①cold-blooded 冷血的，冷酷的 ②good-tempered 好脾气的 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 本篇课文中运用了多种修辞手法。下面我们结合课文来具体分析。 （1）排比：是把三个或三个以上的、结构相同或相似、意思相关、语气一致的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。 如课文第一段中的　In its little shops， its tiny palaces， its forum， its wine bars， its theatre—in the energy and skill of its people， you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.　将六个its结构连用，起到强调作用，意指庞贝古城在方方面面都有古罗马帝国的影子。 （2）暗喻：暗喻也称隐喻，是直接将A事物当作B事物描写，A事物和B事物之间的联系或相似之处是暗含的。不用like， as等比喻词。 如课文第二段中的　The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It took the form of a huge tree：the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！　采用了暗喻的修辞手法，将喷发中的火山比作一棵巨大的树。 （3）明喻：通常用比喻词对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行比较，表明本体和喻体的相似关系。常用的比喻词有like， as， as if等。 如课文第三段中的　A moment later， the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them， dark and rapid， like a river ...　采用了明喻的修辞手法，将火山喷发时爆发出的滚滚浓烟比作汹涌的江水，使读者能够身临其境地感受到火山喷发时的恐怖场面。 核心词汇集释 1.take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 教材原句　It took the form of a huge tree： the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！ 它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！ 【用法】 （1）form n.　 形状；形式；结构；种类；表格；体能 　 　vt.& vi.　　 　（使）组成；形成；构成 （2）take form　　逐渐成形；逐渐发展 in the form of ...　　以……的形式 fill in the form　　填表格 （3）form the habit of doing sth　养成做某事的习惯 【佳句】　This valley takes the form of a big “U”. 这条山谷呈现出一个大大的U形。 We can form a good habit of putting the rubbish in the trash can. 我们要养成把垃圾投进垃圾箱的好习惯。 The training programme takes the form of a series of performances. 培训课程采取一系列表演的形式。 【练透】　语块表达 ①After weeks of planning， the project finally 　started to take form　 （开始逐渐成形）. ②Please 　fill in the form　 （填写这张表格） with your personal information. ③The artist expressed his emotions 　in the form of paintings　 （以绘画的形式）. ④The aid might 　take the form of　 （采取……的形式） personal service or of cash. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤Ice， water and steam 　are different forms of the same substance　. 冰、水和水蒸气是同一种物质的不同形态。 ⑥It’s important 　to form the habit of exercising regularly　. 养成定期锻炼的习惯是很重要的。 2.beyond adv.在（或向）较远处，在另一边 prep.在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 教材原句　At that moment， they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet； beyond in the distance， they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 【用法】 be beyond sb 　　　　　超出某人的理解能力 beyond control/repair/belief　　无法控制/修理/相信 beyond one’s power　　超出某人的能力 beyond one’s reach＝beyond the reach of sb　　在某人够不到的地方 beyond description/expression　　无法形容，难以表达 beyond comprehension 　　无法理解 beyond breaking point　　超出极限 【佳句】　The advanced mathematical theories are completely beyond me. 那些高深的数学理论完全超出了我的理解能力。 【练透】　语块表达 ①The wildfire has spread so quickly that it is now 　beyond control　 （无法控制）. ②The old car was damaged so severely that it was 　beyond repair　 （无法修理）. ③Solving such a complex problem is 　beyond my power　 （超出了我的能力）. ④The book on the top shelf is 　beyond my reach/beyond the reach of me　 （我够不着）. 【写美】　翻译句子 ⑤那里风景的美丽无法形容。 　The beauty of the scenery there was beyond description/expression.　 3.distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 【用法】 （1）in the distance　在远方；在远处 at/from a distance　　从远处，离一段距离（不是很远） at a distance of ...　　在……远的地方 within walking distance　　在步行距离之内 keep one’s distance （from ...）　　（与……）保持距离 keep sb at a distance 　　与某人保持距离；对某人冷淡，疏远 （2）distant adj.　　遥远的；疏远的 distantly adv.　　遥远地；疏远地 【佳句】　She always keeps her colleagues at a distance. 她总是和同事们保持一定距离。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The new building stands 　at　 a distance of 500 meters from the park. ②You’d better keep your distance 　from　 that dangerous dog. ③They told me they were 　distantly　 （distance） related in the village. ④To many people， technology means computers， hand-held devices， or vehicles that travel to 　distant　 （distance） planets. 【写美】　翻译句子 ⑤他们看到远处有几所房子。 　They saw a few houses in the distance.　 4.rescue n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救 教材原句　Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land.狗对陆地上的救援工作非常有帮助。 【用法】 （1）come to one’s rescue 　营救某人，帮助某人 a rescue attempt/operation　　一次营救尝试/行动 a rescue team　　一支救援队 rescue workers/boats 　　救援人员/船只 （2）rescue sb from ...　　从……中营救某人 （3）rescuer n.　　救援人员 【佳句】　Just as the floodwaters were about to swallow the house， the fire department came to their rescue. 就在洪水即将吞没那座房子时，消防部门赶来营救了他们。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The 　rescuers　（rescue） worked tirelessly through the night to save more people. ②The two men on the fishing ship 　were rescued　 （rescue） before it sank. ③The brave sailor rescued the drowning child 　from　 the rough sea. 【写美】　词汇升级 ④Luckily， the police rescued us when we were trapped in the car. →Luckily， the police 　came to our rescue　 when we were trapped in the car. 5.sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 教材原句　Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell， dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 【用法】 （1）a sharp increase/fall in prices价格的急剧上涨/下跌　 a sharp pain　　一阵剧痛 sharp eyes　　敏锐的眼睛 （2）sharply adv.　　猛烈地；急剧地；明显地 sharpen vt.& vi.　　（使）变得锋利，变得清晰；使尖锐 sharpener n.　　磨具，削具 【佳句】　I sharpened the knife using a sharpener， and now it’s sharp enough to cut meat into pieces. 我用磨刀器把这把刀磨锋利，现在它很锋利，能够把肉切成碎片。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①　Sharpen　 （sharp） the knife so that it is easier to cut the meat up. ②The temperature has dropped 　sharply　 （sharp） in the last few days. ③He sharpened his pencil with a 　sharpener　 （sharp） before starting to draw. 【写美】　完成句子 ④She 　felt a sharp pain in her ankle　 when she twisted it. 她扭伤脚踝时，感到一阵剧痛。 6.locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在（或建造于） 教材原句　Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell， dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 【用法】 （1）located adj.　　　　位于；处于；坐落于 be located/situated in/on/at　　位于；坐落于 lie in　　位于 （2）location n.　　地点；位置 the location of ...　　……的位置 【佳句】　（人教选必四）Located to the south of the equator， below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”. （澳大利亚）位于赤道以南，并在地球上很多国家的下方，它常被非正式地称为“down under”。 Do you know the exact locations of the ancient ruins？ 你知道那些古代遗迹的确切位置吗？ 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Surrounded by green trees， the farm 　 is located　 （locate） at the foot of the hill near our school. ②The hotel’s 　location　 （locate） on the beach makes it a popular choice for tourists. 【写美】　一句多译 ③这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。 →The farm， 　located/situated in the suburb of our city　， has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruit.（动词-ed短语作定语） →The farm， 　which lies in the suburb of our city　， has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruit.（非限制性定语从句，lie） 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：as引导的方式状语从句 教材原句　This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages.这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。 【用法】 as作连词的主要用法： （1）as在本句中引导方式状语从句，意为“如同，按照……的方式（样子、方法）”。常用于（just） as ...as ...和as＋动词-ed形式的省略结构中。 （2）as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边……一边……”。 （3）as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；由于”。 （4）as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。 （5）as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句通常用倒装句式，即“名词/形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as＋系动词be/助动词”结构。 【品悟】　When in Rome， do as Romans do.入乡随俗。 They sang songs as they were doing farm work. 他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①　Do as I told you　， and you will succeed. 按照我告诉你的做，你就会成功。 ②　As time goes by　， we understand the importance of health better. 随着时间的推移，我们更明白了健康的重要性。 ③　As it was raining hard　， we had to stay at home. 因为雨下得很大，我们不得不待在家里。 ④Although they were tired， they stayed up preparing the report. →　Tired as they were　， they stayed up preparing the report.（as） ⑤As time went by， they saw less and less of each other. →　With time going by　， they saw less and less of each other.（with） 2.句型公式：be to do结构 教材原句　Its ashy rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！ 火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 【用法】 be to do结构表示将来，主要有以下几个方面的含义： （1）表示不可避免地将要发生或命中注定的事情，常译为“注定会……，一定会……”。 （2）表示预先安排好的计划或约定。 （3）表示“必须……”，相当于must或have to。 （4）表示“想；打算”，相当于intend或want。 （5）用于if或even if/though引导的从句中，表示对未来的假设。 【品悟】　 His invention was to bring a sharp increase to the rice production of the world. 他的发明注定要大幅度提高世界水稻的产量。 【点津】　在be to do结构中，若do与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式要用to be done。 【写美】　完成句子 ①The meeting 　is to take place at 3 pm tomorrow　. 会议定于明天下午 3 点举行。 ②　All of us are to meet　 outside of the school gate.　（通知） 我们大家将在校门外集合。 ③All the students 　are to wear school uniforms　 on Monday. 所有学生周一必须穿校服。 ④Even if 　it is to rain tomorrow　， we will still go on the picnic. 即使明天会下雨，我们仍然会去野餐。 ⑤　You are to succeed　 because you are wise and hard-working.　（建议信） 你一定会成功的，因为你既聪明又勤奋。 3.句型公式：状语从句的省略 教材原句　Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday ...它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完…… 【用法】 句中as if引导方式状语从句，as if 后省略了they were。 （1）as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。 （2）引导状语从句时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词的连词还有while， once， as， when， unless， until， even if， though， if等。 【品悟】　She stood at the door， looking around， as if （she was） searching for someone. 她站在门口，四处张望，好像在找人。 While （he was） walking his dog， he was so careless that the dog got loose and was hit by a car. 他在遛狗的时候非常粗心大意，结果狗挣脱了绳子，被一辆汽车撞了。 Once （it is） set， the time cannot be changed. 时间一旦被设定就不能更改。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①He opened his mouth 　as if （he was） to say something　， but then remained silent. 他张开嘴好像要说什么，但随后又保持沉默。 ②　Though （he was） tired　， he still kept working. 尽管他很累，但他仍然继续工作。 ③The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt. →The old man was lying on the ground 　as if badly hurt　.（状语从句的省略） ④If I am accepted， I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors.It can help them know more about Chinese culture. →　If accepted， I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors， which can help them know more about Chinese culture.　（状语从句的省略；定语从句） 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.There was a sharp　 turn in the road， so the driver slowed down. 2.The rescue　 attempt was extremely difficult due to the bad weather conditions. 3.We import　 raw materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 4.Our final destination　 for this trip is a beautiful coastal town. 5.We could see the mountains in the distance　， their peaks covered in snow. 6.When the volcano erupted　， the farmers were working at the foot of the mountain. 7.Mooncake is a kind of round cookie with different artistic 　patterns　 （图案） on the surface. 8.Try to 　locate　 （找到……的准确位置） exactly where the smells are entering the room. 9.The price they asked is 　beyond　 （超出） what we can afford. 10.Archaeologists 　unearthed　 （发掘） ancient artifacts in the ruins of the temple. 维度二：词形转换 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.The 　distant　 （distance） sound of thunder signalled an approaching storm. 2.The 　eruption　（erupt） of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon. 3.The exact 　location　 （locate） of the hidden treasure remains a mystery. 4.After years of hard work， he finally looked forward to his 　retirement　 （retire）. 5.The temperature dropped 　sharply　 （sharp） last night， making it very cold. 6.By the evening， it had become 　unbearably　 （unbearable） cold. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.按照老师说的做，你就会在学业上取得进步。（方式状语从句） 　Do as your teacher tells you　， and you will make progress in your studies. 2.他买了一块心形生日蛋糕。（take the form of） He bought a birthday cake， which 　took the form of a heart　. 3.你为什么迟到了？你本应该早来五分钟。（情态动词＋have done） Why are you late？ You 　should/ought to have come　 five minutes earlier. 4.我在公园散步时遇到了一位老朋友。（状语从句的省略） 　While （I was） walking in the park　， I met an old friend. 5.我们约定 8 点在机场和我们的朋友会合。（be to do） We 　are to meet our friends　 at the airport at 8 o’clock. Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　Somalia， Kenya， and now Ethiopia are warning of a serious drought that affects millions of people in Eastern Africa.In Ethiopia’s Somali area， people have seen the failures of what should have been three straight rainy seasons.Droughts do come and go over the years.However， the lack of rainfall has led to the driest conditions in 40 years in parts of Somalia and Ethiopia. 　　UNICEF is the United Nations’ children’s agency.Local Zaynab Wali told a visiting team with UNICEF that she and her seven children had never seen a drought like this.She said the government gave out food for animals during the last drought five years ago.“This time， we even don’t have enough food for our family.” 　　Children walk among the bodies of dead animals， which died from lack of food and energy.Somalia Consortium works to improve international aid for Somalia.It said in a separate statement that in Somalia， more than 7 million people need emergency help.It is asking international organizations to give much more to the country. 　　“We are just one month into the long dry season， and I have already lost 25 goats and sheep，” Hafsa Bedel in Ethiopia’s Somali area told UNICEF.She also lost four camels， a large desert animal， as well.She said there was nowhere for her animals to eat.She added that there was not enough food for her own family， including her six children. 　　UNICEF thinks that more than 150，000 children in such areas of Ethiopia have dropped out of school.They are needed to help find the limited amount of water and help their families with other work. 　　One young boy was seen supporting an animal， a donkey.The donkey was once important for carrying goods.But now， it had become too weak to walk on its own. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。东非地区出现的严重干旱给东非人民和动物带来了巨大影响。 1.Why did Zaynab Wali mention the last drought？（　　） A.To show the need to protect animals. B.To express her disappointment this time. C.To prove the high frequency of drought. D.To praise the government for its timely help. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，Zaynab Wali提到上次的干旱中，政府甚至为动物分发食物，而这次干旱中她和家人的食物都短缺。由此推断，她提到上次干旱是为了表达她这次的失望。 2.What is Somalia Consortium trying to do now？（　　） A.Get more foreign help. B.Warn people of the risk of drought. C.Offer more education to the children there. D.Make clear the number of people in need. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，索马里联合会在努力获得更多的国外援助。 3.What does the last paragraph mainly want to tell us？（　　） A.The seriousness of the drought. B.The functions of animals in farming. C.The sweet picture of the boy and the animal. D.The importance of taking care of the weak animal. 解析：A　段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，驴现在虚弱得都不能自己走路了，更别谈运货了，再结合上文可知，这是因干旱而导致动物没有食物吃所造成的。因此本段主要想告诉我们干旱的严重性。 4.Which is the most suitable title for the text？（　　） A.Drought in Eastern Africa Leaves Animals in Danger B.UN Officials Care for Children Affected by Drought C.Millions Face Risk as Drought Affects Eastern Africa D.Drought Makes People of Eastern Africa Leave Their Home 解析：C　标题归纳题。通读文章内容尤其是第一段可知，东非出现严重干旱，后面段落对这次干旱的情况作了具体介绍。C项（干旱影响东非，数百万人面临风险）适合作为文章标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·山东济南历城一中期中）An earthquake happens when two plates rub together.The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds.5.（　　） In other words， earthquakes are the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by the earth’s rocky outer layer.The energy stored within is suddenly released. 　　The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening.If an unpopulated region is struck， there will be low loss of life or property.6.（　　） Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now.Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage. 　　7.（　　） Fortunately， however， most of them are unnoticed to the public because of the small Richter scale （震级）.But large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale， can cause millions of dollars in damage. 　　8.（　　） In 1972， a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua， Nicaragua.Fifteen years later， the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit， because the city was in such a mess that it didn’t have the money necessary to rebuild it. 　　The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster.9.（　　） In the 1906 earthquake， it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage.An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys， causing floods to sweep away everything in their path. A.Actually， there are several million small earthquakes every year. B.It is in the fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. C.Throughout history， there are numerous destructive big earthquakes. D.If it hits a large city， there may be many injuries and much destruction. E.So it is of great importance to predict the movements of the earth plates. F.If one plate is slowly forced under the other， pressure builds up until the plates break apart. G.The destructive damage of an earthquake can continue for years after the first shake. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震形成的原因、影响等。 5.F　根据上文可知，空处应为和运动导致地震有关的话题。F项（如果一个板块被慢慢压在另一个板块下面，压力就会积聚起来，直到板块破裂）能承接上文。 6.D　根据下文可知，空处应为和大地震袭击人口众多地区有关的话题。D项（如果它袭击一个大城市，可能会有很多人受伤和造成很大破坏）引起下文。 7.A　根据下文可知，空处应为和小地震有关的话题。A项（事实上，每年都有几百万次小地震）引起下文。 8.G　根据下文可知，空处应为和地震后持续数年的影响有关的话题。G项（地震的毁灭性破坏可能在第一次地震后持续数年）引起下文。 9.B　根据下文可知，空处应为和地震引发的火灾与洪水的破坏有关的话题。B项（火灾和洪水往往造成最大的破坏）引起下文。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·南京师大附中月考）I used to think my life was perfect.My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office， and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to 　10　.But one Sunday， everything changed.A hurricane 　11　 our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh.Our kitchen was destroyed， and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins. 　　But something 　12　 happened.Our neighbors， the Flores family， came to our 　13　.They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.Their 　14　 was most admirable.We had never 　15　 spoken to them before， but they 　16　 their home to us and made us feel like family. 　　We started a new 　17　 of having weekend dinner together.We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us， and our 　18　 were filled with laughter and delicious food.It was a beautiful thing to see our 　19　 come together in the wake of a disaster. 　　I 　20　 knew Rosica， their daughter， before the hurricane.But she quickly became my friend.She had a gift for 　21　， and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter. 　　Looking back， I realize that the hurricane 　22　 unexpected benefits.It brought us closer to our neighbors and 　23　 our lives in ways we could never have imagined.Sometimes， it takes a（n） 　24　 to bring out the best in people. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的家被飓风摧毁，但邻居的善意帮助让社区关系变得更加紧密。作者感悟到一场灾难能激发出人们最好的一面。 10.A.look after　 B.worry about C.dream of　 D.deal with 解析：A　根据空前的a garden可知，此处指打理花园。 11.A.visited　 B.skipped C.approached　 D.swept 解析：D　根据下句可知，一场飓风席卷了作者的社区。 12.A.ineffective　 B.unexpected C.impossible　 D.unlucky 解析：B　根据空后两句和最后一段第一句可知，几乎没怎么说过话的邻居一家来帮助作者他们，所以这是意想不到的事情。 13.A.mind　 B.attention C.aid　 D.knowledge 解析：C　根据下句可知，邻居帮助了作者一家。come to one’s aid意为“帮助某人”。 14.A.courage　 B.creativity C.sincerity　 D.kindness 解析：D　根据上句可知，邻居帮助了作者一家，所以说他们十分善良。 15.A.really　 B.carefully C.naturally　 D.clearly 解析：A　后半句中的but表示转折，说明此前从未和他们真正交谈过。 16.A.sold　 B.rented C.showed　 D.opened 解析：D　根据上文offered us a place to stay可知，此处指邻居为作者一家敞开大门。 17.A.business　 B.project C.tradition　 D.life 解析：C　根据空后的of having weekend dinner together可知，此处指飓风发生后大家会在周末一起吃晚饭，这成了一个新传统。 18.A.reunions　 B.meetings C.mouths　 D.memories 解析：B　根据上句中的having weekend dinner together以及We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us可知，作者邀请了附近的其他家庭一起吃晚饭，所以此处指会面充满了笑声和美味的食物。 19.A.family　 B.volunteers C.community　 D.supporters 解析：C　根据上文邻居帮助作者一家以及上句可知，此处指邻里之间因为灾难团结在一起。 20.A.soon　 B.never C.already　 D.also 解析：B　根据下句中的But可知，此处与下文是转折关系，指飓风之前作者不认识Rosica。 21.A.story telling　 B.dinner cooking C.mind reading　 D.house keeping 解析：A　根据后半句可知，Rosica有讲故事的天赋，让他们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。 22.A.lay in　 B.took over C.resulted from　 D.brought about 解析：D　根据空后的unexpected benefits可知，此处指飓风带来了意想不到的好处。 23.A.saved　 B.controlled C.enriched　 D.recorded 解析：C　根据上文内容可知，飓风过后邻里之间周末一起吃晚饭，作者还结交了新朋友，充满了欢声笑语。此处指飓风丰富了大家的生活。 24.A.meal　 B.effort C.party　 D.disaster 解析：D　根据空后的to bring out the best in people可知，飓风之后社区团结在一起，所以一场灾难会激发出人们最好的一面。 Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　（2025·湖北汉阳一中、江夏一中、洪山高中联考）The car turned onto the familiar road that led to Grandma’s farm.“Jude， this summer holiday will be a great chance for you to stay with your grandma，” Dad said as he drove.Every moment， we were moving farther away from the city， the place where I knew how to do things right. 　　The car engine wasn’t off before Grandma hugged me.I slowly dragged myself out of the car.“Jude， you look unhappy.Why？” Grandma asked.She acted like nothing bad had happened last time.Could I ask how much money her neighbor Mr Jackson had lost because of my mistake？ Was he still upset with me？ “I’m fine，” I answered.“I’m just missing my computer camp.Computers are something I’m good at.” “That sounds disappointing，” Grandma nodded. 　　I liked visiting the farm during breaks before I messed things up last summer.Grandma lived alone， and Mr Jackson was like family to her.Then one day I forgot to lock the gate and let the goats into his flower beds.He lost almost all his roses for the farmers’ market. 　　Now， back at the farm， I felt nervous.I was trying to hide in the room when I saw Mr Jackson！ He was opening the door and calling Grandma.“I need help！” he yelled to her.“Just a second for the freshly harvested roses！” That was when he saw me.I felt my heart tighten and was ready for his criticism.I deserved it.He had probably been waiting for this moment since last summer. 　　However， Mr Jackson greeted me happily， “Great， Jude is here！ Your grandma always tells us you are a wonderfully competent （有能力的） computer programmer.” I shook my head.“I am not competent.I am sorry I messed things up.” He was surprised and comforted me， “It was an accident.Being competent doesn’t mean you never make mistakes.” 　　I looked out of the window.There were piles of roses waiting to be sold.“Jude， can you help us？ We want to sell roses online.We have a computer and all the parts （零件） for our Internet connection， but we just can’t set it up，” Grandma asked.No Internet.They seemed to live in the twentieth century. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 　　Maybe I could be someone who was really competent.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Within a few hours， orders for roses flooded in. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　Maybe I could be someone who was really competent.“I can definitely help with that！ Where are the parts？” Following Grandma， I went into the room， where a computer sat surrounded by some scattered parts.Rolling up my sleeves， I carefully connected everything.It was a piece of cake to me.“Done！” I announced confidently.After a few adjustments， the Internet was up and running.Now it was time to sell the roses.I decided to start from my social media platform.I quickly uploaded photos， added descriptions， and set prices.Before long， notifications started showing up — people were noticing.My abilities made a difference！ Within a few hours， orders for roses flooded in.“This is amazing， Jude！” Grandma cheered with joy as she began bustling about， packing flowers.Mr Jackson chuckled warmly as he handed me another bunch to label.The energy was electric — everyone was on their feet， moving quickly to keep up with the growing orders.The farm felt alive， and so did I.To our surprise， the roses sold out in just half a day.“You’ve brought the farm into the twenty-first century， Jude，” Grandma hugged me tightly.I realized that being competent wasn’t about avoiding mistakes.It was about facing them head-on and making the most of my strengths. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $