UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment News that Matters①： pollution in Norgate 　　HOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters.Our topic today is pollution in Norgate.[1]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith， a local resident②； Vincent Brown， senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer， chief③ of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee④. Welcome. 　　Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental costs⑤.Mr Smith， you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years.How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time？ 　　SMITH：It’s been awful， really.When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in， and things became entirely⑥ different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog⑦ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； [2]it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of⑧.For health and safety reasons alone， heavy industry has to go. 　　[1]该句主语较长，为了使句子平衡，将表语前置，使用完全倒装结构。a local resident， senior manager of a local factory， chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee分别作各自前面人名的同位语。 　　[2]句中that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a cough，that在从句中作宾语。 　　HOST：Mr Smith protested⑨ against heavy industry.Mr Brown， would you like to respond？ 　　BROWN：Well， I’m sorry you feel that way， Mr Smith.People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible⑩ businessmen eager to make huge profits⑪.[3]In defence⑫ of the factories， however， I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.[4]We’ve been taking various⑬ measures， including the use of new technologies， to reduce pollution in the production process⑭， even though these measures raise our production costs.I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic⑮ benefits factories have brought to Norgate.We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow. 　　[3]that引导宾语从句，作动词短语point out的宾语；we produce是省略了关系代词that或which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词pollution。 　　[4]该句主句使用了现在完成进行时。动词不定式短语to reduce pollution in the production process作目的状语。even though引导让步状语从句。 　　HOST：Thank you， Mr Brown.[5]With pollution levels on the rise， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.Mrs Archer， what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution？ 　　ARCHER：Well， our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality.We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development.We’ve made environmental policies⑯ for businesses to observe， like strict clean-up requirements.We also work hand in hand with other branches⑰ of government to ensure that development strategies⑱ are followed in an environmentally friendly⑲ way.[6]However， fighting pollution isn’t just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community-wide effort， and everyone can help by following the golden rule： reduce， reuse and recycle⑳.For example， you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway㉑， or using the bike-sharing system㉒. 　　[5]With复合结构在句中作状语，其结构为“with＋名词＋介词短语”。 　　[6]句中动词-ing形式短语fighting pollution作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 　　HOST：Thank you， Mrs Archer， and thanks again to all of our guests.A former㉓ UN official㉔ once said， “Saving our planet， lifting people out of poverty㉕， advancing economic growth㉖ ...these are one and the same㉗ fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.[7] It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.[8]It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet to our children.[9]It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future㉘. 　　[7][8][9]三句均为“It is＋名词＋to do sth”句型，连在一起构成排比句式，加强语气；It是形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。句[7]中的while引导时间状语从句。 ①News that Matters 《焦点新闻》 ②resident n.居民，住户 a local resident 一位当地居民 ③chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 ④committee n.委员会 the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee 诺盖特环境保护委员会 ⑤cost n.费用，花费；成本 [生义] n.努力，代价，损失 ⑥entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 entire adj.完全的，全部的，完整的 ⑦smog n.雾霾，烟雾 [助记]缩合构词法：smoke＋fog→smog雾霾，烟雾；breakfast＋lunch→brunch早午餐；motor＋hotel→motel汽车旅馆 ⑧get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 get rid of smoking 戒烟 ⑨protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 protest against 反对 ⑩irresponsible adj.不负责任的 responsible adj.负责任的 ⑪profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 make huge profits 获取巨大利润 ⑫defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 in defence of 为……作解释或辩护 ⑬various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 take various measures 采取各种措施 ⑭process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 in the production process 在生产过程中 ⑮economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 economic benefits 经济效益 economic growth/development经济增长/发展 economy n.经济；节约 ⑯policy n.政策，方针；原则 make policies for 为……制定政策 ⑰branch n.（政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 ⑱strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 development strategies 发展策略 ⑲environmentally friendly adj.环保的，环境友好的 ⑳recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 ㉑subway n.地铁；地下人行道 take the subway 乘地铁 ㉒the bike-sharing system 共享单车系统 ㉓former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 ㉔official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 a former UN official 一位联合国前官员 ㉕poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 lift people out of poverty 使人们摆脱贫困 live in poverty 生活在贫困之中 ㉖advance economic growth 促进经济增长 ㉗one and the same 意为“同一个（人或物）”，表示强调 ㉘a human community with a shared future 人类命运共同体 参考译文 《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染 　　主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。 　　诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？ 　　史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽， 老是不好。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走。 　　主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想作出回应吗？ 　　布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。我们对环境问题深感担忧。我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。 　　主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？ 　　阿彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，全社会必须共同努力，每个人都遵循减少使用、重复使用、循环利用的指导原则，就能尽一份力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。 　　主持人：谢谢您，阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救地球，使人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长……这些就是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体，这是我们的责任。 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 　　News that Matters： pollution in Norgate 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.What can we learn from Mr Smith’s words？（　　） A.He never coughs due to the pollution. B.He thinks Norgate has always been a polluted city. C.He thinks it is heavy industry that has polluted Norgate. D.He thinks Norgate used to be a city where the air wasn’t clean. 2.Which side is Mr Brown in favor of？（　　） A.The local residents.　 B.The factories. C.The government.　 D.The community. 3.What can we infer from Archer’s opinion？（　　） A.Some factories have created jobs for local residents. B.It is the government’s duty to protect the environment. C.Everyone should do his best to protect the environment. D.Their committee has made environmental policies for citizens to follow. 4.What can we infer from the text？（　　） A.Economy is the most important. B.Environment and economy are separable. C.All the people are not responsible for the environment. D.We should not develop our economy at the cost of the environment. 5.What’s the main tone of this TV show？（　　） A.Critical.　 B.Objective. C.Subjective.　 D.Indifferent. 6.Which of the following is good for the environment？（　　） A.Going to work by bus. B.Driving private cars to work. C.Buying as many new clothes as possible. D.Throwing away old things when you don’t use them. 答案：1－6　CBCDBA 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 （1）形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的，充满……的” ①variety→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 ②caution→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 ③envy→envious adj.羡慕的；忌妒的 ④ambition→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的；有志向的 ⑤mystery→mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的 ⑥religion→religious adj.宗教信仰的；宗教的 ⑦fame→famous adj.著名的；出名的 （2）形容词后缀-ing表示“令人……的；具有……性质的”。 ①live→living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 ②challenge→challenging adj.具有挑战性的 ③freeze→freezing adj.严寒的，冰冻的 ④touch→touching adj.动人的，感人的 ⑤puzzle→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的 ⑥frighten→frightening adj.令人恐惧的 ⑦convince→convincing adj.令人信服的 ⑧astonish→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 （1）环境描写能够渲染气氛、烘托人物形象、渲染人物心理、推动故事情节发展、揭示或深化作品主题。 请从课文中找出有关环境描写的句子。 　When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in， and things became entirely different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey ...　 （2）排比句是把三个或三个以上句法结构相同或相似，意义相关的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。 请从课文中找出一处排比句。 　It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.　 核心词汇集释 1.get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉（强调动作） 教材原句　The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。 【用法】 （1）be rid of 　　　　摆脱（强调状态） （2）rid vt.（rid， rid） 从……中除去（不喜欢的东西）；清除，免除；使（从……中）解放出来 rid sb/sth of ...　　使某人/某物摆脱…… rid oneself of ... 　　摆脱……；从……中解脱 【佳句】　We got rid of the unnecessary items so as to make room for a study. 我们扔掉了许多不需要的物品以便腾出地方作书房。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①You should rid 　yourself　 （you） of bad habits such as smoking and staying up late. ②Dr Yuan devoted himself to ridding the world 　of　 starvation. ③The farmer got rid 　of　 the weeds in the field before planting new crops. 【写美】　完成句子 ④After a long-term treatment， she 　is finally rid of the illness　. 经过长期治疗，她终于摆脱了疾病。 2.defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 教材原句　In defence of the factories， however， I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。 【用法】 （1）in defence 　　　　保卫；防守 in defence of　　为了保卫；（为……）辩护 in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 （2）defend vt.　　保卫；防守；辩解 defend ...against/from （doing ...） 　　保护……免受…… defend oneself 　　自卫；为自己辩护 （3）defensive adj.　　防御的；保护的；保卫的 【佳句】　The woman rushed there without hesitation in defence of her children. 为了保护她的孩子们，这个妇女毫不犹豫地冲了过去。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①In 　her　 defence， she had no idea that the situation was so serious. ②You should know how to defend 　yourself　 in a dangerous situation. ③The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died 　in　 defence of their country. 【写美】　完成句子 ④The Great Wall was built to 　defend the country against invaders　. 修建长城是为了保卫国家免受侵略者的侵害。 3.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 教材原句　Consequences 后果 【用法】 （1）in consequence＝as a consequence （＝as a result） 　　　　　　因此；结果 in consequence of＝as a consequence of （＝as a result of） 　　由于，作为……的结果 serious consequences　　严重的后果 suffer/face/take the consequences面对/承担后果 （2）consequent adj.　　作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv.　　结果；因此 【佳句】　She missed the last bus. In consequence， she had to walk home. 她错过了末班车。因此，她不得不步行回家。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The heavy snow and the 　consequent　 （consequence） traffic jams made many people late for work. ②My car broke down and 　consequently　 （consequent） I was late for the important meeting. ③　As　 a consequence of the heavy rain， the football match was postponed. 【写美】　完成句子 ④The weather was terrible.　Consequently/In consequence　， we had to cancel our picnic. 天气非常糟糕。因此，我们不得不取消野餐。 4.give rise to 使发生（或存在）；导致 教材原句　For example， in many parts of the world， the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems. 例如，在世界的许多地方，当地饮用水的质量低劣导致了公共卫生问题。 【用法】 （1）give rise to＝lead to＝bring about＝contribute to　　导致 （2）give thought to 　　认真考虑，思考 give advice to 　　提供建议 give birth to 　　产生；分娩；引发；造成 give way to 　　让步；屈服 give off 　　放出（热、光、气味或气体） give up 　　放弃；投降 【佳句】　Eating too much sugar can give rise to health problems.吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。 【练透】　用give的相关短语填空 ①You should 　give thought to　 your future career before making a decision. ②We should not 　give way to　 difficulties.Instead， we should face them bravely. ③The drug is well tolerated and generally does not 　give rise to　 serious side effects. 【写美】　同义词替换 ④The novel’s success contributed to a number of fans and profits. →The novel’s success 　gave rise to/led to/brought about　 a number of fans and profits. 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：完全倒装 教材原句　Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith， a local resident；Vincent Brown， senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer， chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。 【用法】 全部谓语置于主语之前，称为完全倒装。本句中作表语的动词-ing形式短语Joining us in the studio tonight置于句首，使用了完全倒装。下列情况要使用完全倒装结构： （1）表语＋连系动词＋主语（表语为形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词等）。 （2）表示时间（now， then等）、方向或方位的副词（here， there， up， down， in， out， away， off， inside， outside等），以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。 （3）“There＋be/stand/live/exist/lie/remain/ ...＋主语”也属于完全倒装结构。 【品悟】　Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient building dating back hundreds of years. 山顶上矗立着一座始建于几百年前的古建筑。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①　Here came the bus　， and she had to say goodbye to her parents. 公交车来了， 她只好和父母说再见了。 ②Once upon a time 　there lived a man　 known by the name of Yu Gong. 从前，那里住着一位知名的老人名叫愚公。 ③　Present at the meeting were　 some local doctors. 出席会议的有一些当地医生。 ④Our library lies in the centre of our school.Our library is between the garden and the teaching building. →In the centre of our school 　lies our library， which is between the garden and the teaching building　.（完全倒装；非限制性定语从句） 2.句型公式：with复合结构 教材原句　With pollution levels on the rise， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. 鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。 【用法】 句中With pollution levels on the rise为with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构作状语还可以表示原因、条件等。此外，此结构还可作后置定语。with复合结构的具体构成： with＋宾语＋ 【品悟】　The boy rushed into the room， with his face covered with sweat. 那个男孩满脸是汗，冲进屋来。 The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 鱼挺直了身子，大尾巴在空中摇摆着，又慢慢地游走了。 The family live in a house with many flowers around it.那家人住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①In summer， she usually sleeps 　with the windows open　. 在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。 ②　With the light on　， he fell asleep quickly. 灯亮着，他很快就睡着了。 ③The boy was sitting there 　with a book in his hand　. 男孩手里拿着一本书坐在那里。 ④　With the machine running　， he is busy repairing it. 机器运转着，他正忙着修理它。 ⑤　With the problem solved　， we all felt very happy. 问题解决了，我们都感到很高兴。 ⑥　With a lot of work to do　， he has to stay up late. 有很多工作要做，他不得不熬夜。 ⑦As the exam approaches，the girl was a little nervous. →　With the exam approaching　， the girl was a little nervous.（with复合结构） 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.The former　 factory site is now being transformed into a park. 2.Sometimes， we should focus more on the process　 and less on the result. 3.We should encourage everyone to recycle　 waste to protect the environment. 4.Both sides consider it desirable to further　 the understanding between the two peoples. 5.The government is making great efforts to reduce 　poverty　 （贫穷） in rural areas. 6.There exists a wide range of different opinions among the 　committee　 （委员会） members. 7.The pollution caused by cars in some cities leads to 　smog　 （雾霾） and acid rain. 8.The 　residents　 （居民） of the neighborhood organized a community clean-up event. 维度二：词形转换 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.The movie is 　entirely　 （entire） based on a true story taking place in Shanghai in the 1930s. 2.　Pollution　 （pollute） in the river has made the water unfit for drinking. 3.Due to the ruling of Spain in history， Spanish is the 　official　 （office） language of Peru. 4.She was rushed to the hospital after ingesting a 　poisonous　 （poison） substance by mistake. 5.As a 　consequence　 （consequent） of oversleeping this morning， I was late for school. 6.This small shop has become more 　profitable　 （profit） since it changed its location. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.墙上挂着两幅画。（完全倒装） 　On the wall hang　 two pictures. 2.老人坐在长椅上，旁边有只狗。（with复合结构） The old man sat on the bench 　with a dog beside him　. 3.为了给钢琴腾出地方，他们把一张旧桌子丢弃了。（get rid of） In order to make room for the piano， they 　got rid of the old desk　. 4.一个穿着白色裙子的姑娘进来了，扎着两个长马尾。（完全倒装） 　In came a girl　 wearing a white skirt， with two long ponytails. 5.我爷爷尽管已经九十多岁了，仍然时不时地打打网球。 （even though引导让步状语从句） My grandfather still plays tennis now and then， 　even though he’s in his nineties　. Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　（2025·广东湛江岭南师院附中调研）Koalas live in the eucalyptus （桉树） forests of southeastern and eastern Australia.They depend on the eucalyptus trees for both habitat and food.In fact，they seldom leave these trees.When not sleeping， they’re usually eating.They can eat more than a pound of eucalyptus leaves a day.Eucalyptus is poisonous， so the koala’s digestive （消化的） system has to work hard to digest it， breaking down the poisons and taking in the limited nutrients （营养）.That’s why koalas sleep for 18 to 22 hours a day — they get very little energy from their diet. 　　Koala numbers decreased in the late 19th and early 20th century from hunting for their fur.Now they face serious threats from habitat loss.Land clearing and bush fires — especially the 2019－2020 Australia Bushfire Season — have destroyed much of the forest they live in.Koalas are easy to be affected by climate change.Increasing greenhouse gas in the air is decreasing the nutritional quality of eucalyptus leaves and causing longer， more serious droughts and wildfires.To deal with drought， koalas are forced to stop sleeping and come down from the trees to find water， putting them at a higher risk of being killed. 　　Koalas have been identified by the Australian government as one of the 113 animals requiring immediate help.Ensuring there’s the right kind of forest for them to return to is extremely important.State governments should create new koala reserves and persuade landowners not to cut down eucalyptus trees.Meanwhile， getting the public to understand koalas’ living habits and their health will throw light on koala biology， which helps to develop plans to better protect the species. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了考拉的生活习性及其面临的生存危机，并强调了保护考拉的紧迫性。 1.What can we learn about koalas？（　　） A.They like moving around very much. B.They often get ill for eucalyptus leaves. C.They can be seen everywhere in Australia. D.They have developed smart survival skills. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，考拉已经进化出了聪明的生存技能来应对消化道和饮食挑战。 2.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about？（　　） A.The possible threats to koalas. B.Koalas’ newly-formed habits. C.Koalas’ decreasing population. D.The outcomes of greenhouse gas. 解析：A　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要是讲考拉面对的潜在威胁。 3.What is the most important thing to do right now to protect koalas？（　　） A.Conduct the research on their living habits.　　 B.Realize they’re sensitive to climate change. C.Reserve the proper habitat they are living on.　　 D.Raise the public awareness of protecting them. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，现在保护考拉最重要的事情是保护它们赖以生存的栖息地。 4.From which is the text probably taken？（　　） A.A travel brochure.　 B.A cartoon book. C.A nature magazine.　 D.A sports newspaper. 解析：C　文章出处题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段前两句和最后一段第一句可知，文章介绍了考拉的生活习性及其面临的生存危机，并提出了保护措施。由此推测，文章可能来自一本自然杂志。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Trees give so much to the world.They create carbon dioxide and shade （荫凉）.5.（　　） Trees are also a valuable resource.The wood they provide is used for buildings and other products we humans use and need. 　　Trees are so important that some people have made it their goal to protect them.We can call these people “tree hugger”.It describes people who support the protection of forests.Today， the term “tree hugger” describes a person who is an environmentalist.6.（　　） For example， someone who wants to save a rare butterfly species or cut greenhouse gases could also be described as a tree hugger. 　　However， calling someone a “tree hugger” is not always seen as a praise.7.（　　） “Tree hugger” described someone who was overly concerned about protecting trees， animals and other parts of the natural world. 　　Some tree huggers do go to extremes to protect trees.Take， for example， an American woman named Julia Lorraine Hill.For 738 days from 10 December 1997 and 18 December 1999， Hill lived in Luna， a redwood tree in northern California’s Humboldt County.Luna is huge， measuring nearly 61 meters tall and about 12 meters across， which has stood in Humboldt County for more than 1，000 years.8.（　　） So， Hill did what any extreme tree hugger would — she moved in！ As the website explains， Hill’s main goal was “to bring international attention to the importance of protecting and restoring natural resources”.So， we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.9.（　　） A.Human beings should all protect trees. B.They provide shelter to animals and insects. C.In earlier times， in fact， it was used as an insult（辱骂）. D.And I’m sure that she would consider that the highest of praises. E.They want to protect nature and the environment — but not just the trees. F.Nowadays， the environmental problems are more serious than in the history. G.But that did not stop the Pacific Lumber Company from wanting to cut it down. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了支持保护森林的人——树木拥抱者。 5.B　根据设空处前后句可知，本段是在列举树木对世界的好处。B项（它们为动物和昆虫提供庇护）符合语境。 6.E　根据空后的举例可知，tree hugger保护的不仅仅是树木，还有其他动植物和环境。E项符合语境。 7.C　根据空前句可知，树木拥抱者并不一直是一个褒义词；根据空后句可知，树木拥抱者曾经指的是那些过度忧心环境的人。C项中的it指代上文的tree hugger。 8.G　根据设空处前后句可推断，即使这棵树很大，也阻止不了有人想要砍它，所以希尔采取了极端做法。G项承上启下。 9.D　根据空前句可知，空处讲的应是对于希尔的行为的看法。D项（而我确信她会将此视为最高赞美）承接上文，且与第三段第一句相照应。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·河南商丘一中月考）In this age of environmental crises， perhaps it comes no surprise that Stella Bowles found one in her own backyard. What is unique is her 　10　 to do something about it. 　　The 100-kilometre LaHave River passes through Stella’s community of Upper LaHave.Back in 2018， the pretty waterway was considered by many locals 　11　 to swim in， but Stella wanted to know why.The then 11-year-old was 　12　 to learn what was causing the pollution： human waste being cast 　13　 into the water by hundreds of her neighbors. 　　“I was 　14　，” Stella says， when she found out 600 homes were using straight-pipes to pump waste from toilet to river without any filtration （过滤）.She decided to 　15　 the problem for her Grade 6 science project. With the help of a retired local physician， Stella learned how to 　16　 the water in the LaHave. Unfortunately， her results showed contamination（污染）way above Health Canada guidelines.　17　， locals were boating on the river without knowing they were facing the potential danger of infection. 　　Stella began to raise 　18　 about the LaHave’s contamination problem.Soon she was making local headlines and trying to convince politicians.Finally， in spring 2020， all levels of governments 　19　 to remove all straight-pipes in Nova Scotia by 2026. 　　The LaHave 　20　 isn’t safe for swimming， but it should be safe for the sixth graders of Upper LaHave’s future.Stella continues to press for more rigid rules to protect the river and this year travelled around her province to teach other kids how to test their local waterways and 　21　 for better care. 　　In August， thanks to her excellent work， Stella 　22　 an International Eco-Hero Award， which 　23　 the efforts of environmental youth activists.“I never thought I’d be where I am today 　24　 a science project，” says Stella， who is considering a career in environmental law. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Stella Bowles致力于当地环境的保护，并呼吁政府官员等协同保护水源。 10.A.chance　 B.regret C.determination　 D.imagination 解析：C　下文谈到，面对拉哈德河被污染的现象，Stella检测水质、呼吁大家提高污染意识、还呼吁政府官员一起解决这个问题。由此可知，她是下定决心要做出点事情。 11.A.unfit　 B.perfect C.easy　 D.unpopular 解析：A　此处与第五段首句呼应。由此可知，在2018年很多当地人认为是不适合游泳的。 12.A.proud　 B.upset C.satisfied　 D.relieved 解析：B　根据空后的human waste ... by hundreds of her neighbors可知，人们直接把人类排泄物排到河流中。由此推断，Stella知道原因后很是沮丧。 13.A.suddenly　 B.carefully C.directly　 D.quickly 解析：C　根据下段首句可知，她的邻居直接把粪便排到河里。 14.A.confident　 B.curious C.excited　 D.sick 解析：D　根据空后的she found out ...without any filtration并结合常识可知，人们直接把粪便排入河流中，给人的第一感觉是很恶心。 15.A.look into　 B.refer to C.point out　 D.set aside 解析：A　本段最后几句与下面两段讲述的都是Stella对这个问题做的一步步努力。由此可知，她决定调查这个问题。 16.A.heat　 B.protect C.store　 D.test 解析：D　根据下句中的her results showed可知，她是对水质做了检测。 17.A.Therefore　 B.Otherwise C.Moreover　 D.However 解析：D　根据上句和后半句可知，河水污染远远超过了加拿大卫生部指南，而当地人还在河中划船，上下句之间是转折关系。 18.A.awareness　 B.doubts C.fears　 D.cash 解析：A　根据下句可知，很快，她上了当地头条。由此推断，她在试图提高人们的污染意识。 19.A.agreed　 B.failed C.pretended　 D.happened 解析：A　根据空后的to remove all straight-pipes in Nova Scotia by 2026可知，由于是在2026年之前将所有直管移除掉，所以目前只是同意这么做。 20.A.just　 B.still C.even　 D.yet 解析：B　根据上段尾句可知，在2026年之前将所有直管移除掉，所以Stella现在仍然认为游泳是不安全的。 21.A.call　 B.allow C.answer　 D.wait 解析：A　她教会其他孩子检测水质，呼吁他们一起关爱水源。call for意为“呼吁”。 22.A.missed　 B.refused C.earned　 D.presented 解析：C　根据空后的an International Eco-Hero Award可知，她赢得了生态英雄奖。如果用presented，句子应使用被动语态，本句使用的是主动语态。 23.A.demands　 B.assesses C.collects　 D.recognizes 解析：D　根据空后的the efforts of environmental youth activists可知，生态英雄奖主要是认可环保青年活动人士的努力。 24.A.apart from　 B.because of C.instead of　 D.far from 解析：B　此空与第三段第二、三句呼应，说明她是因为这个项目取得了现在的成就。 Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　（2025·河南南阳方城一中月考）On a hot September afternoon， Peter and his friend Isabel were on their way to the library.When they passed by Tubman Park， Isabel suggested cutting through it to get to the library.As they entered the park， the sight of the swings （秋千） and the merry-go-round brought back a flood of memories of their childhood spent there.But now everything looked so old， sad， and dirty.Litter lay on the ground next to an overflowing trash bin.There were still young schoolchildren playing there but they had to avoid the trash that littered the playground.A little boy told them that the city took the other trash cans away and the remaining one never got emptied often. 　　As they headed toward the library， the two high school students wrinkled their forehead.In the library， they encountered Mrs Evans， their kind-hearted fifth-grade teacher， retired yet still passionate.Mrs Evans listened as Isabel and Peter eagerly explained what they’d seen.Finally， she recommended them to go to the City Hall to voice their concerns. 　　The next day， Isabel and Peter went into the building of the City Hall but were met with an impatient officer.They were informed that the city couldn’t help with their problem due to a tight budget.Discouraged， they left and turned to Mrs Evans for help. 　　Under her guidance， they decided to ask Go Green， a non-profit organization whose goal is to protect the environment， for help.“This group is good at raising money for projects just like yours，” said Mrs Evans.She promised to arrange them to present their ideas to Go Green.Hearing this， their faces lit up. 　　Two main tasks remained ahead： researching ways to clean up the park and preparing a convincing presentation.As Isabel was good at researching while Peter always had a talent for speaking， they cooperated quite well.Isabel learned from a science magazine that a new type of trash bin can squeeze the trash down without being emptied often， which saves time， money， and energy.Based on this， Peter practiced his presentation over and over again. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 　　A week later， Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　After the meeting， Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　A week later， Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting.Finally， it was time for him to do the presentation.Standing in front of several experts from Go Green， Peter was nervous in fear of screwing things up.But unbelievably， when he began to speak， everything went so smoothly.His voice was clear and influential， and his speech was logical and well-organized.Peter ended his presentation with a deep bow and went out to wait for Go Green’s decision. 　　After the meeting， Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news.Their ideas were approved and Go Green agreed to provide the money they needed to purchase the trash bin.Peter smiled.It meant not only their efforts paid off， but also Tubman Park would restore its cleanness and tidiness.Peter and Isabel decided to tell Mrs Evans this good news first and then worked out the next step they needed to take. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $