UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦动词不定式作定语和结果状语核心语法点，通过5个例句引导学生观察加蓝部分用法，自主总结“后置定语”“出乎意料结果用only”规律，进而系统讲解不定式时态语态、作定语的主谓/动宾/同位/修饰关系及被动形式，作结果状语的too...to等结构，辅以即时演练与综合练习，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 该资料以“观察-发现-归纳”模式引导自主探究，培养思维品质，结合语境整合shock、scare等词汇与语法学习提升语言能力，分层设计基础题型、语法与写作/语篇练习适配不同需求，助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师清晰呈现语法脉络，课后帮助学生通过练习巩固，查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 阅读下列句子并思考加蓝部分的用法。 1.I was staying in Atlanta， and that was one of the cities to be hit. 2.That morning， I turned on the TV for some local news， only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. 3.The roads were blocked， so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. 4.I had enough food and water to last a whole week！ 5.When the wind and rain stopped， I looked out of the window， only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere！ 【我的发现】 （1）动词不定式作定语时，动词不定式通常位于其所修饰的名词或代词的后面，作后置定语（如句　1、3、4　）； （2）动词不定式作结果状语时，通常指出乎意料的结果（如句　2、5　），其前常用only。 一、动词不定式的时态和语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing — 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing — 二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词后面，与名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。 1.主谓关系 被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式作定语，与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。 He is always the first student to arrive at school every morning. 每天早上他总是第一个到学校的学生。 He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一了解真相的人。 His father is the right person to find the missing boy. 他父亲就是寻找那个失踪男孩的合适人选。 2.动宾关系 被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。若动词不定式是不及物动词，需加介词才能与名词或代词之间构成动宾关系。 She has some books to read during the holiday. 她在假期里有一些书要读。 Will you please bring me a chair to sit in？ 请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗？ 名师点津 当动词不定式修饰的名词是time， place或way时，动词不定式中的介词一般可以省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他没有钱，也没有地方住。 3.同位关系 名词与动词不定式之间是同位关系。动词不定式是所修饰的名词的具体内容，抽象名词promise， wish， ability， chance， ambition， anxiety， reply， attempt， dream， plan等后常用动词不定式作定语，与被修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的同位关系。 I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird. 曾经我有一个梦想，像鸟儿一样在天上飞。 I want to have a chance to further my study abroad. 我想得到一次去国外进修的机会。 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他违背了定期给父母写信的诺言。 He has a wish to travel round the whole country. 他有一个周游全国的愿望。 4.修饰关系 动词不定式是所修饰的词的具体内容。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 I need some space to place my luggage. 我需要一些空间放行李。 5.动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。 当动词不定式所修饰的名词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可以用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。比如：Do you have anything to send？意为“你有需要寄的东西吗？”，“寄东西”的执行者是“你”；而Do you have anything to be sent？意为“你有什么需要我（或别人）去寄的东西吗？”，动作的执行者是问话者或其他人。 The house to be built next year will be for the homeless. 明年要建造的这所房子是给那些无家可归的人的。 【即时演练1】　完成句子 ①You are 　the next person to speak　 at the meeting. 你是下一个在会议上发言的人。 ②The little boy is 　the only person to know the truth　. 小男孩是唯一了解真相的人。 ③Attention， please.I have 　something important to say　. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 ④As she was a child， she had a wish 　to go to college　. 当她还是个孩子时，她就有一个上大学的愿望。 ⑤The best athlete 　to represent our school　 will be chosen soon. 即将选出代表我们学校的最佳运动员。 ⑥We need a big box 　to put these books in　. 我们需要一个大箱子来放这些书。 三、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语往往表示其动作发生在谓语动作之后，并且总是在句末，而不能置于句首。 1.动词不定式作结果状语，常用于以下结构： （1）too＋形容词/副词＋to ...“太……而不能……” The case was too heavy to be carried by a child. 箱子太重小孩拿不动。 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. 加利福尼亚号船来得太晚了，没能挽救更多的人。 The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box. 这个老妇人太虚弱而搬不动这个沉重的箱子。 名师点津 too ... to ... 结构并非仅仅是“太……而不能……”之意。与too ... to ... 搭配的常见的形容词有pleased， ready， willing， glad， happy等，其后的动词不定式修饰形容词，不再表示结果。 I am too pleased to help you. 我非常乐意帮助你。 （2）...enough to ...“……足够……” The hall is large enough to hold 3，000 people. 大厅足够大，能容纳3000人。 I didn’t run fast enough to catch up with him. 我跑得不够快，追不上他。 （3）so＋形容词/副词＋as to ...“如此……以至于……” He studied so hard as to pass the last exam. 他学习如此努力以至于通过了上次的考试。 （4）such（＋形容词）＋名词＋as to ...“如此……以至于……” He has such a good memory as to remember all the details. 他的记忆力非常好，以至于能记住所有的细节。 （5）在never to ...结构中 He left home， never to be heard from again. 他离开了家，从此杳无音信。 2.在特殊结构only to ...中，动词不定式常表示没有预料到的结果， 其前经常有only或just修饰。 George returned home after the war， only to be told that his wife had left him. 战争结束后乔治回到家里，却被告知他的妻子已经离开他了。 He picked up a stone， just to have it dropped on his own feet. 他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。 名师点津 动词-ing短语作结果状语常表示“自然而然的或意料、情理之中的结果”。 His parents died early， leaving him an orphan. 他的父母早逝，使他成了孤儿。 The news shocked the public， leading to great concern about students’ safety at school. 这条新闻使广大民众感到震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。 【即时演练2】　完成句子/句型转换 ①The room is 　large enough to take a third bed　. 这个房间很大，足够放下第三张床。 ②He is not 　so stupid/such a fool as to do　 that. 他还没有蠢到做那种事。 ③Mr Smith hurried to the station， 　only to find the train had left　. 史密斯先生匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 ④He is so young that he can’t tell right from wrong. →He is 　too young to tell right from wrong　. 1.shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊 教材原句　As you can imagine， it was a bit of a shock.正如你所想象的那样，这有点令人震惊。 【用法】 （1）in shock　震惊，吃惊 give sb a shock　　使某人震惊 come as a shock （to sb）　　让（某人）震惊 culture shock　　文化冲击 （2）It shocks sb that ...＝It shocks sb to do ...……（做某事）使某人震惊 shock sb to do sth　　做某事使某人震惊 （3）shocked adj.　　感到震惊的 be shocked at/by ...　　对……感到震惊 （4）shocking adj.　　令人震惊的 【佳句】　It shocked the parents to find their child had run away from home. 发现孩子离家出走，父母感到很震惊。 The whole nation was in shock after the sudden earthquake. 突如其来的地震后，整个国家都处于震惊之中。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It gave us all quite 　a　 shock to learn that he had failed again. ②It is a 　shocking　 （shock） fact that so many people lost their lives in the flood. ③（外研必修二）He was even 　shocked　 （shock） at their wedding when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal. ④The unexpected defeat of the top-ranked sports team in the championship game came 　as　 a shock to their fans. 【写美】　句式升级 ⑤The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. Elli and I were shocked. →The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in， 　which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked　.（定语从句） →　What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.（主语从句） 2.scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓 教材原句　The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me， but I was quite frightened during the power failure.狂风暴雨并没有吓到我，但在停电时我很害怕。 【用法】 （1）scare ...away/off 　　把……吓跑 scare sb to death　　把某人吓得要死 It scares sb to do sth　　做某事使某人害怕 scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事 （2）scared adj.害怕的，对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 be scared to do sth＝be scared of doing sth 　　害怕做某事 be scared to death 　　吓得要死 be scared that ...　　害怕…… （3）scary adj.　　恐怖的，吓人的 【佳句】　Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. 有时，这样大的噪声会把熊吓走。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①My daughter told me she 　was scared　 （scare） to ride a roller-coaster. ②When watching the horror movie last night， I was scared 　to　 death. ③（外研必修二）People have always been scared 　of　 sharks， but Jaws made things worse. ④（2024·全国甲卷）For instance， almost all animals have distinct vocals （声音） that they rely on to either ask for help， scare 　away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. 【写美】　句式升级 ⑤He was scared of a snake， and he fainted at the first sight of one. →　Scared of a snake　， he fainted at the first sight of one.（动词-ed形式作状语） 3.power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量vt.驱动，提供动力 【用法】 （1）be in power 　　当权，执政（强调状态） come to power 　　开始掌权/执政（强调动作） do all/everything in one’s power to do sth 　　某人竭尽全力做某事 within one’s power　　在某人能力范围之内 beyond one’s power　 超出某人的能力 a power plant　　一个发电厂 wind/solar/nuclear power 风能/太阳能/核能 （2）powerful adj. 强有力的；有影响力的；有权势的 【佳句】　The motor is powered by a solar battery. 这台发动机是由太阳能电池驱动的。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①（人教选必一）Circumstances changed in 1933， when Hitler came 　to　 power in Germany. ②Sometimes a smile is so 　powerful　 （power） that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage. ③Unfortunately，it’s 　beyond　 my power to get through the work in such a short time. 【写美】　词汇升级 ④I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. →I’ll 　do all/everything in my power　 to perform well in the volunteer job. 4.run out of 用完，耗尽 教材原句　Were you afraid of running out of supplies？你害怕用光储备的东西吗？ 【用法】 （1）run out of 意为“用完了”，及物动词短语，表示主动，主语是人 （2）run out　　意为“……用完了”，不及物动词短语，主语常为时间、食物、金钱等名词 （3）give out 　　意为“用尽；精疲力竭”，不及物动词短语 （4）use up 　　意为“用完；耗尽”，及物动词短语，主语是人 （5）run into　　通常表示意外地或突然地遇到某人或某物 （6）run across　　更多地表示在寻找或浏览过程中偶然发现某物或某信息 （7）run after　　追赶，追逐；追求；跟踪 【佳句】　She has run out of （＝used up） her money and mine is running out （＝is being used up/is giving out）. 她已用光了她的钱，我的也快用光了。 【练透】　用run的相关短语填空 ①In the future， care for the environment will become very important as the Earth’s natural resources 　run out　. ②We 　ran across/into　 some old friends in the village yesterday. ③In the distance， two policemen are 　running after　 a robber. ④（人教必修一）Mice 　ran out of　 the fields looking for places to hide， and fish jumped out of the water. 【写美】　翻译句子 ⑤我需要你的帮助，因为我把汽油用完了。 　I need your help， for I have run out of/used up petrol.　 5.supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 【用法】 （1）supply sth to sb ＝ provide sth for sb将某物供应给某人　　 （2）a supply of/supplies of ...　……的供应 in short supply 　　供应不足，供应短缺 water supply　　供水 【佳句】　In addition， the summer camp supplies a chance to members/supplies members with a chance to visit museums， which is a good way to learn about our history.此外，夏令营还为会员提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好途径。 【辨析】　supply & offer & provide supply 通常指定期“供应”所需或所要求之物，含有连续不断地供给之意 supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb offer 强调主动提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物等 offer sth to sb＝offer sb sth provide 强调供应所需之物（尤指生活必需品） provide sth for sb＝provide sb with sth 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply 　of　 fresh greens. ②For the biggest stadiums in the world，we have used data 　supplied　 （supply） by the World Atlas list so far. ③The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are 　in　 short supply in this country. ④New factories are situated in areas where 　supplies　 （supply） of power are available. 【写美】　一句多译 ⑤这位热心人给了我们一些食物并主动帮助我们联系了警察。 →The warm-hearted man 　supplied us with some food/supplied some food to us　 and offered to help us contact the police.（supply） →The warm-hearted man 　provided us with some food/provided some food for us　 and offered to help us contact the police.（provide） 6.donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献（血） 教材原句　Luckily， many people came to help， donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是，很多人来帮忙，给慈善机构捐赠食品和衣服。 【用法】 （1）donate sth to ...　　　向……捐赠某物 （2）donation n.　　捐赠，捐献 make a donation （of sth） to ...　　向……捐赠（某物） （3）donor n.　　捐赠者；献血者 【佳句】　The wealthy businessman donated a large sum of money to the local orphanage. 这位富商向当地孤儿院捐赠了一大笔钱。 If necessary， I will call on my classmates to make a donation to you to help you go through the difficulty.如果有必要，我会号召我的同学捐款给你，帮助你渡过难关。 【点津】　donate 是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要与介词to搭配。有类似用法的词还有introduce， explain等。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Many people made generous 　donations　（donate） of food and clothing to the flood victims. ②Doctors are searching a blood 　donor　 （donate） to the patient whose blood type is rare. ③The company donated medical supplies 　to　 the hospitals in the disaster-stricken area. 【写美】　一句多译 ④政府呼吁公众给贫穷的孩子捐款。 →The government appeals to the public 　to donate money to　 the poor children.（donate） →The government appeals to the public 　to make a donation of money to　 the poor children.（donation） 维度一：基础题型练 单句语法填空。 1.When Jim saw the snake， he was scared 　to　 death， froze still. 2.（2024·1月浙江卷）In her first PE class， Eva 　was shocked　 （shock） when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. 3.The local government supplied the victims 　with　 enough relief. 4.Do you know who is the first astronaut 　to walk　 （walk） on the moon？ 5.He hurried to the station， only 　to be told　 （tell） that the tickets had been sold out. 6.I’d like to see Tom， for I have something urgent 　to tell　 （tell） him. 7.The old scientist died all of a sudden， 　leaving　 （leave） the project unfinished. 8.She is intelligent enough 　to solve　 （solve） the problem all by herself. 9.The problem 　to be discussed　 （discuss） at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one. 10.On arriving home she realized that she had something 　to share　 （share） with her mother. 维度二：语法与写作 完成句子。 1.He is the most suitable 　candidate to take on this important position　. 他是担任这个重要职位最合适的候选人。 2.In fact，he was clever 　enough to work out the question　. 事实上，他很聪明，能解答那个问题。 3.He was 　so kind as to offer his seat to me　. 他太好了，主动给我让座。 4.She ran to the school， 　only to be informed　 that she wasn’t admitted by Peking University. 她跑进学校，却被告知她没有被北京大学录取。 5.　The sports meeting to be held next week　 will be very successful. 下周要举行的运动会将会很成功。 6.The firefighter cut off the wire， 　preventing another big fire　. 这名消防员剪断了电线，阻止了另一场大火的发生。 维度三：语法与语篇 根据汉语提示用动词不定式的适当形式完成下面短文。 　　This summer holiday， I was 1.　old enough to find　 （够年龄可以找到） a part-time job in a company.But I had 2.　an interview to attend　 （要参加一个面试）.With a lot of things to prepare， I was very nervous.The next day， I arrived there early， 3.　only to be told　 （却被告知） that I was 4.　the first one to come　 （第一个来的人）.I was nervous again， then I found 5.　a way to solve the problem　 （一个解决问题的方法）.Finally I got the opportunity 6.　to work in the company　 （在公司里工作）. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·湖南常德高中联盟期末）For someone trapped in the debris （废墟） after an earthquake， a rat （老鼠） might be an unwelcome sight.But one scientist has been training rats to act as first responders， equipping them with backpacks and tiny microphones so that they can lead humans to earthquake survivors （幸存者）. 　　Dr Donna Kean was once interested in big animals， but her attention to rats grew when she saw how quickly rats could learn and how well they could be trained.“Rats have a similar sense of smell to dogs， and they’re just as trainable as dogs，” she said.“They also aren’t tied to just one trainer， which is what you find with dogs.And their size is useful because they are able to get into small spaces that dogs are just unable to get into.” 　　They carry tiny bags with microphones in them and are being sent to the debris to find and come into contact with survivors.“There can be sounds coming from the bags that may say something like， ‘I am a rescue rat， I’m here to help you，’” Kean said， “which can be very helpful to those who are scared of the rat.” 　　The rats have yet to face a real-life disaster but they will soon be sent to Turkey to work with the country’s search and rescue teams.At the moment， the rats are learning to make progress.The rats first start their training in a small empty room.And then they move on to increasingly challenging situations until they come close to the debris.That’s where they find the survivors and the chance to talk to them. 　　The rats are the real focus now.They are so good at moving through all kinds of different environments， which just shows how suitable they are for search and rescue work.The work could save the lives of survivors， as well as rescuers， because it will give rescuers a better idea of where survivors are located before they enter the dangerous places.These little rats are on their way to making a big difference now. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了老鼠在救援中的重要作用。 1.What is the advantage of rats over dogs in rescue work？（　　） A.Their team spirit. B.Their small size. C.Their good sense of smell. D.Their strong strength. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，在救援工作中，老鼠相对于狗的优势是它们体型小。 2.What’s the purpose of rats’ carrying a backpack？（　　） A.To control the rats’ behavior in the task. B.To lead the rats to the survivors directly. C.To contact the survivors in an effective way. D.To provide food and water for the survivors. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，老鼠携带背包的目的是与幸存者进行有效的联系。 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about？（　　） A.The reasons for training rescue rats. B.The cooperation between rats and rescuers. C.The process of training rats for rescue work. D.The good performance of the rats in rescue work. 解析：C　段落大意题。根据第四段可知，该段主要讲述了训练老鼠进行救援工作的过程。 4.What does the author think of rats’ role in the rescue work？（　　） A.Positive.　 B.Doubtful. C.Uncertain.　 D.Disapproving. 解析：A　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后两句可推断，作者对老鼠在救援工作中的作用持积极态度。 B 　　The wildfires damaging parts of Australia can be seen from space in new satellite images released by NASA.Australia’s capital，Canberra，was enveloped in a smoky haze Sunday and air quality at midday was measured at 10 times the usual dangerous limit.The damaging fires have killed at least 24 people in Australia and destroyed almost 2，000 homes.The early and damaging start to Australia’s summer wildfires， fed by drought and the country’s hottest and driest year on record， has also been catastrophic （毁灭性的） for the country’s wildlife， likely killing nearly 500 million birds， reptiles and mammals in New South Wales alone， Sydney University ecologist Chris Dickman told the Sydney Morning Herald. 　　Under such extreme conditions， the fires have been generating enough heat to create their own weather systems， including fire-generated thunderstorms and fire tornadoes.Thousands of firefighters continued to fight the flames that have burned millions of acres in New South Wales， Victoria and South Australia， an area twice the size of Maryland.In New South Wales， the Rural Fire Service （RFS） said as of Sunday there were 150 fires active in the state， 64 of them uncontrolled. 　　On Saturday， Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced that， for the first time in Australian history， 3，000 army， navy and air force reservists （后备军人） will battle against the fires.He also committed $14 million to hiring fire-fighting aircraft from overseas.On Sunday， cooler temperatures and lighter winds brought some relief to threatened communities， a day after thousands were forced to escape as flames reached the suburban areas of Sydney.Thousands of firefighters fought to contain the fires， but many fires continued to burn out of control， threatening to wipe out rural townships and causing almost incalculable damage to property and wildlife. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。席卷澳大利亚的大火给当地造成了巨大的损失，文章报道了其带来的后续结果和政府采取的应对措施。 5.What does the underlined phrase “fed by” in paragraph 1 mean？（　　） A.Get food from someone. B.Be strengthened by something. C.Be destroyed by something. D.Under control of something. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句中的The early and damaging start to ... for the country’s wildlife可知，fed by后给出的是干旱和高温干燥的气候两个因素。由此推断，它们都会助长火势，画线短语与B项意义一致。 6.Why were there thunderstorms and tornadoes？（　　） A.Because the fires generated thunderstorms and tornadoes. B.Because there was rainy weather. C.Because the fires generated enough heat to create extreme weather. D.Because the weather systems are easy to change. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在如此极端的条件下，大火已经产生了足够的热量来形成自己的天气系统，也就是说，大火产生的热量催生了一些极端天气。 7.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（　　） A.Many soldiers will fight against the fires as they have done before. B.Fires were controlled due to cooler temperatures and lighter winds. C.A lot of people moved out of the suburban areas. D.Damage to property and wildlife is limited. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，受到大火威胁，悉尼郊区的人们已经被迫撤离了，C项中的move out与文中的escape对应。 8.What would be the best title for this passage？（　　） A.Australia’s Destructive Wildfires B.Soldiers Fought Against the Fires C.Wildlife Died from the Fires D.Australia’s Wildfires Was Under Control 解析：A　标题归纳题。通读文章内容可知，文章主要是围绕造成巨大破坏的澳大利亚大火进行讲述的。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　We can’t stop natural disasters from happening.But we can make them less damaging if we understand better why they happen and what we can do to prevent or mitigate （减轻） them. 　　9.（　　） So we have to change what we are doing wrong， in order to avoid or reduce the impact of natural disasters. 　　Every community must get to know its own features and surroundings （周围环境）：the natural environment as well as environment built by human beings.This is the only way for a community to manage the dangers that surround it. 　　10.（　　） 　　Learn about the history of the place where you live.11.（　　） What made it happen？ What did people do that they shouldn’t have？ What did they do to make things better？ 　　Share and join in.Newspapers，radio and television can help you to learn more about disasters and disaster prevention.12.（　　） Making drawings about what you have learned can help you to understand disasters and disaster prevention better and to explain them to other people.Talk to your family，friends and people you know about the way risks can be reduced in your community. 　　Get ready.13.（　　） Convince （说明） your parents that your family should have an emergency plan， and put together an emergency kit （应急包） with them. A.Pay now — save lives later！ B.Don’t be scared！Be prepared！ C.School activities can be useful too. D.Get together with your family to spot safe places. E.People are partly responsible for disasters happening. F.These natural disasters have an even more damaging effect. G.Ask your parents and your friends if they have ever experienced a disaster. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何做好自然灾害防范给出了三点建议。 9.E　空处与空后句之间是因果关系，E项中的partly responsible与空后的what we are doing wrong呼应，指出人类对灾难的发生应负有部分责任。 10.B　上文指出人类无法阻止自然灾害的发生，下文则介绍了三种自然灾害发生前应该做的准备。B项指出人们面对灾害应保持的态度，准备好应对灾难。 11.G　根据本段主题句可知，本段建议你要对自己所住的地方有所了解。G项（问一问父母和朋友是否经历过灾难）就是一种了解你所住地方的历史的方法。下文中的it指代G项中的a disaster。 12.C　本段建议你了解更多有关灾难和灾难预防的信息，并将其分享。C项中的School activities与上文Newspapers，radio and television都是获得这些信息的渠道。 13.D　本段建议家庭提前做好应急准备。D项中的spot safe places和下文have an emergency plan以及put together an emergency kit都属于应急准备事项。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·浙江绍兴期末）A single tremble shook beneath my feet.The trees above me began to sway （摇摆） hard.Then came the deadly 　14　 that could only mean one thing， destruction.Every house and object was now 　15　.My vision blurred （模糊） even more when I saw the remains of my house.The house that used to 　16　 all the happiness in the world was now 　17　 a pile of ruined pieces.I 　18　 all the times I played with my little brother and sister.Images of them were 　19　 in my mind， so I let the darkness sweep over me completely so I could see them vividly one last time.I regained a bit of my 　20　 after lying on the ground for some time.My eyes viewed different things， but I walked on mindlessly， with no 　21　 to anything around me at all. 　　Years have passed since the disaster that 　22　 me years ago.I never thought I would be okay again after this 　23　 event. 　　Today I am going on a trip to California to help 　24　 of a recent earthquake.Then， I see her.A young girl is weeping into her arms.I walk toward her.Losing family was 　25　， but because of my life changing experience， I am strong， and I can 　26　 the lives of those who are suffering as I was.When I reach the girl， she stares at me with sad eyes， and I gently stick out my hand for her to hold to.One day， she may 　27　 others the way I did for her.She holds my hand tightly， and together， we look for a brighter future where we can help those around us and 　28　 the world starting with one disaster at a time. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历了一次灾难性的地震后，人生发生了改变：以志愿者的身份去帮助像他一样的人。 14.A.silence　 B.power C.emergency　 D.extinction 解析：A　上文描述了地震特别强烈时作者的感受，而句尾的destruction则提示此处讲述地震过后的感受；再结合常识可知，该句讲述的是大地震过后的安静，与上文的强烈震动形成对比。 15.A.under pressure　 B.in ruins C.on hand　 D.in shock 解析：B　空后提及了房屋残骸，说明房屋和物品成为废墟。 16.A.promote　 B.supply C.contain　 D.measure 解析：C　空后提及作者以前总是和弟弟妹妹在房子里玩耍，因此，这所房子承载了以往所有的欢乐时光。 17.A.extremely　 B.obviously C.actually　 D.simply 解析：D　分析语境可知，这里的副词起到强调作用，强调曾经充满欢乐的房子地震过后就只是一片废墟。simply意为“简单地，仅仅”，符合语境。 18.A.adapted to　 B.thought of C.concentrated on　 D.worked out 解析：B　根据空后的all the times可推知，作者想起以往和弟弟妹妹一起玩耍的时光。 19.A.carved　 B.buried C.designed　 D.observed 解析：A　根据上句可知，作者面对废墟时能够想起以往的欢乐时光，弟弟妹妹的形象深深地刻在脑海里。 20.A.balance　 B.memory C.strength　 D.impression 解析：C　根据空后的after lying on the ground for some time可知，作者在地上休息了一会儿，恢复了一点力气。 21.A.request　 B.comparison C.path　 D.reaction 解析：D　根据空前的I walked on mindlessly可知，经历过大地震，失去了一切之后，作者此时漫无目的，什么东西都不能引起他的反应。 22.A.struck　 B.identified C.threatened　 D.reminded 解析：A　分析句子结构可知，that 　22　 me years ago为定语从句，修饰先行词the disaster，关系代词that指代the disaster，在从句中作主语，其对应的动词应为struck，用在句中意为“发生在我身上”。 23.A.amazing　 B.frightening C.exciting　 D.challenging 解析：B　根据语境可知，作者从没想过在经历了这件可怕的事情之后，还会好起来。此处与第一段中的the deadly相呼应。 24.A.professionals　 B.volunteers C.survivors　 D.experts 解析：C　根据下文When I reach the girl ...to hold to.可知，这个女孩应是地震幸存者。由此推断，作者作为过来人去帮助这里的地震幸存者。 25.A.painful　 B.unusual C.awkward　 D.unique 解析：A　根据语境并结合常识可知，失去家人是痛苦的，但因为作者改变了人生的经历，变得坚强，可以改善那些遭受痛苦的人的生活。 26.A.appreciate　 B.possess C.exchange　 D.improve 解析：D　此处与文章末句中的where we can help those around us，尤其是help相呼应，应用improve，在句中表示作者希望用自己的力量帮助改善和他拥有相同经历的人的生活。 27.A.affect　 B.recognize C.recommend　 D.contact 解析：A　根据空后的the way I did for her可推知，作者认为这个女孩或许以后也会像作者一样，用过来人的身份做志愿者，去帮助和影响其他人。 28.A.establish　 B.change C.remove　 D.revise 解析：B　根据本段首句可推知，作者希望在将来“我们”能够同样在灾难发生后，去帮助受难者，改变灾难后的世界。 Ⅳ.语法填空 　　（2025·江苏连云港赣榆一中质检）Floods are common and 29.　　　　　　 （frequent） destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people worldwide.Though the causes of floods — usually heavy rainfall or melting snow — are 30.　　　　　　 （avoidable）， knowledge of the correct procedures before， during and after a flood can make a difference. 　　Before a flood occurs， we must work 31.　　　　　　 （reduce） the risk to people and their valuables.Firstly， you should prepare disaster supplies 32.　　　　　　 melded a light source， sleeping bags， warm clothes， and most importantly， at least three days of food and drinking water.Secondly， you should bring the most important objects to the 33.　　　　　　 （up） levels of your house. 　　During a flood， it’s important to leave 34.　　　　　　 you are immediately.The longer you stay， the more danger you’ll be in.Be sure to move to higher ground.If you’re already inside a building， move to the upper floor.Don’t walk 35.　　　　　　 drive through the moving floodwater， since as little as 15 centimetres of moving water is enough to knock an adult down， and 60 centimetres can wash most cars away. 　　36.　　　　　　 a flood， listen for official news reports to find out when it’s safe to return to your home.As you return home， watch out for possible 37.　　　　　　 （danger）.The flood may have damaged roads and power lines.Keep away from the floodwater， because it may 38.　　　　　　 （pollute） and unsafe to touch. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且具有破坏性的自然事件，本文介绍了洪水到来时的几个注意事项。 29.frequently　考查副词。空处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词destructive，应用副词frequently。 30.unavoidable　考查形容词。上文说的是洪水发生的原因不可避免，空处应用avoidable的反义词，需在avoidable前面加上前缀un-表示相反的含义。 31.to reduce　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作状语表示目的，应用动词不定式to reduce。 32.which/that　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词disaster supplies并在从句中作主语，先行词指物，应用关系代词that或which。 33.upper　考查形容词比较级。此处建议将家里最贵重的物品放在比原来的位置高一点的位置，应用形容词的比较级upper。 34.where　考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句作leave的宾语，表示“你所在的地方”，应用连接副词where，在从句中作表语。 35.or　考查连词。根据上文Don’t walk以及下文drive可知，上下文为选择关系，应用表示选择关系的连词or。 36.After　考查介词。下文find out when it’s safe to return to your home谈到可以安全回家，说明洪水已经过去了，空处应用表示“在……之后”的介词after；位于句首，首字母大写。 37.dangers/danger　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作宾语，使用名词danger，表示“危险”，既可以表示抽象名词，为不可数名词，也可以作可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指。 38.be polluted　考查情态动词和语态。空处在从句中作谓语，且从句主语it与动词pollute之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，因前面已经有情态动词may，故空处应填结构为“be＋过去分词”。故填be polluted。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $