UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Using language(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语时态核心知识点，系统覆盖一般现在时、现在进行时等11种时态，通过“先感悟”例句感知、“会发现”规律总结、“善归纳”用法梳理、“运用练”语法填空的学习支架，构建从感知到应用的完整学习脉络。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为特色，通过对比表格（如现在完成时与现在完成进行时）培养思维品质，结合语法与写作、语篇练习提升语言能力。课中教师可依托实例引导分析，课后学生通过分层练习查漏补缺，有效强化学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Using language 复习：时态 　　I usually wake up① at 7 a.m.every day.Right now， I am preparing② breakfast in the kitchen.By this time yesterday， I had already finished③ my morning jog.Last week， I decided④ to start exercising daily.While I was running⑤ yesterday， it suddenly started raining.So far， I have stuck⑥ to my plan for 10 days.Tomorrow， I will meet⑦ my coach to discuss progress.This time next week， I will be celebrating⑧ my fitness goals.By then， I will have transformed⑨ my lifestyle completely. ①为一般现在时，②为现在进行时，③为过去完成时，④为一般过去时，⑤为过去进行时，⑥为现在完成时，⑦为一般将来时，⑧为将来进行时，⑨为将来完成时。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、一般现在时 【先感悟】 ①I often read books in my spare time. ②He is a man of few words. ③The earth moves around the sun. ④You’ll make great progress if you work hard！ ⑤The train leaves at 7：25 this evening. ⑥Harry Potter is set in the modern world. ⑦Pride goes before a fall. 【会发现】 句①中一般现在时表示现在　经常　或反复发生的动作或情况。与表示　频率　的时间状语 often 连用； 句②中用一般现在时描述　主语　的特征； 句③中用一般现在时陈述　客观　事实； 句④在if条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替　一般将来时　； 句⑤中一般现在时表示按时间表　将要发生　的动作； 句⑥中一般现在时表示　情况说明或介绍　； 句⑦中一般现在时用于　格言警句　。 【善归纳】 1.构成：动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式（一般＋s）。 2.基本用法： （1）描述习惯性动作或状态，常与频率副词（often， always， usually， sometimes， every day， once a week， rarely， seldom， hardly， ever， never等）搭配； （2）陈述客观事实或普遍真理； （3）在条件句、时间状语从句中代替一般将来时； （4）表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作或情况（限于位置转移类动词go， come， leave， start， begin， open， close， arrive， take off等）； （5）用于说明文字、新闻报道或格言中。 3.注意事项： （1）第三人称单数形式需根据主语调整（如 he/she/it＋works）； （2）在条件句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时； （3）表示将来动作时，需搭配明确的时间状语（如 tomorrow， next week）。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①Whether there is life on the moon 　is　 （be） an interesting question. ②Look！ Quantities of food he bought last night 　are　 （be） on the table. 二、现在进行时 【先感悟】 ①All the classmates are reviewing their lessons in the classroom now. ②She is always thinking of others instead of herself. ③Mr Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight. 【会发现】 句①用现在进行时表示当前　正在进行　的动作，与时间状语now搭配； 句②用现在进行时与频度副词always 连用，表示反复发生的行为，带有　情感色彩　 （如抱怨）； 句③用现在进行时表示按　计划　或安排将要发生的动作。 【善归纳】 1.构成：am/is/are＋现在分词（动词-ing形式）。 2.基本用法： （1）表示当前或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now， at present， these days， at this moment等时间状语连用； （2）与always， constantly， forever等频度副词连用，表示反复发生的行为，常带有情感色彩（如厌烦、责备、赞扬等）； （3）表示按计划或安排将要发生的将来动作，常与come， go， leave， arrive， start， take off等动词连用，搭配明确的时间状语（如tonight， tomorrow）。 3.注意事项： （1）动词-ing形式需根据动词变化规则调整（如sit→sitting， begin→beginning， write→writing， type→typing）； （2）表示将来动作时，需搭配明确的时间状语，避免歧义； （3）与频度副词连用时，需注意情感色彩的表达。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①I can guess you were in a hurry.You 　are wearing　 （wear） your sweater inside out. ②They won’t buy new clothes because they 　are saving　 （save） money to buy a new house. ③Cathy， as well as her cousins， 　is studying　 （study） Chinese in China now. 三、现在完成时 【先感悟】 ①I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time. ②We have learned English for eight years. ③It is the first time I have driven a car. ④This is the most interesting film that he has directed. ⑤I’ll go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework. 【会发现】 句①中现在完成时与 already 连用，体现现在完成时表示过去动作对　现在　造成的影响或结果； 句②中现在完成时与“for＋　时间段　”连用，体现现在完成时表示动作从过去持续到现在； 句③在“It is the first time＋从句” 句型里，　从句　谓语用现在完成时； 句④在“This is the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that 从句”句型里，从句谓语动词用　现在完成时　； 句⑤在时间状语从句中用现在完成时结构代替　将来完成时　。 【善归纳】 1.构成：have/has＋过去分词（动词的过去分词形式）。 2.基本用法： （1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already， yet， just， never， before， so far， up to now等时间状语连用； （2）表示动作从过去持续到现在（可能还会继续下去），常与for＋时间段、since＋时间点、lately， recently， during/in the last few years等搭配； （3）用于表达个人经历或经验，常与ever， never等搭配； （4）在“It/This is the first/second .../last time＋从句”或“It/This is the＋序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语用现在完成时； （5）在时间状语从句（如as soon as， when， after等引导的从句）中，可用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。 3.注意事项： （1）延续性动词：当表示动作持续时，需使用延续性动词（如keep， stay， last， remain等），避免使用非延续性动词（如buy， leave， come等）； （2）时间状语搭配：already用于肯定句，表示“已经”；yet用于否定句或疑问句，表示“还”；for后接时间段，表示持续时间；since后接时间点，表示起始点。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①It is estimated that sea level 　has risen　 （rise） by over 20 centimetres since 1880. ②So far more than one farmer singer 　has appeared　 （appear） on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala. ③It is the second time that I 　have set　 （set） my foot on this city. 四、现在完成进行时 【先感悟】 ①I have been reading this book for two weeks. ②They have been discussing the matter several times this year. ③Who’s been eating my apples？ 【会发现】 句①用现在完成进行时搭配“for＋时间段”，表示从过去开始持续到现在且还会　继续下去　的动作； 句②用现在完成进行时表示在某段持续时间内动作的多次　重复　，且说话时该动作不一定正在进行； 句③用　现在完成进行时　表达强烈的感情色彩。 【善归纳】 1.构成：have/has been＋现在分词（动词-ing形式）。 2.基本用法： （1）表示动作从过去开始并持续到现在，且可能还会继续下去，常与all this time， this week， this month， all night， all morning， recently等时间状语以及since＋时间点、for＋时间段搭配； （2）表示在一段持续时间内动作的多次重复，强调动作的频率，但说话时不一定在进行； （3）表示强烈的感情色彩（如不满、责备、惊讶等），常与疑问句或感叹句搭配。 3.注意事项： 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的对比： 时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复 感情色彩 现在 完成时 强调动作对现在的影响或产生的后果 不表示动作 的反复 一般不含有 感情色彩 现在完成 进行时 强调动作的持续性 可表示动作 的反复 可表示强烈 的感情色彩 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①Her eyes are red.It’s obvious that she 　has been crying　 （cry） for a long time. ②—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks.It’s because I 　have been practising　 （practise） a lot these days. 五、一般将来时 【先感悟】 ①I will/shall go to visit him next week. ②—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday. —Oh， I didn’t know.I will see him after work. ③Wherever he goes，he will take an umbrella with him. ④What are you going to do next Sunday？ ⑤Look at the black clouds！ It is going to rain. ⑥Please get everything ready.The experiment is about to start. ⑦Who is to clean the classroom today？ 【会发现】 句①用“will/shall＋动词原形”表示　计划　的将来动作； 句②用“will＋动词原形”表示　临时决定　的将来动作； 句③用“will＋动词原形”表示　习惯性动作　或将来的倾向； 句④用“be going to＋动词原形”表示　计划　或打算中的将来动作； 句⑤用“be going to＋动词原形”表示有　迹象　表明某事即将发生； 句⑥用“be about to＋动词原形”表示　即将发生　的事情，不与具体时间状语连用； 句⑦用“be to＋动词原形”表示　按计划　或约定要发生的动作。 【善归纳】 1.构成： （1）shall/will＋动词原形（shall多用于第一人称） （2）be going to＋动词原形 （3）be （just） about to＋动词原形 （4）be to＋动词原形 2.基本用法： （1）shall/will＋动词原形：表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态，尤其用于计划或安排；临时决定； （2）be going to＋动词原形：表示计划或打算中的将来动作；表示有迹象表明某事即将发生； （3）be （just） about to＋动词原形：表示即将发生的事情，常译为“刚要……，就要……”；不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用（如tomorrow， next week）； （4）be to＋动词原形：表示按计划、职责、义务或约定要发生的动作。 3.注意事项： （1）shall与will的区别：shall多用于第一人称（I， we），表示征求意见或正式的将来；will用于所有人称，表示意愿或客观将来； （2）be going to与will的区别：be going to表示计划或意图；will表示临时决定或客观将来； （3）be about to的用法：不能与具体时间状语连用，但可与just搭配，表示“马上就要……”； （4）be to的用法：强调计划、安排或义务，常用于正式语境。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①Weather permitting， we 　will go　 （go） on an outing to the beach tomorrow. ②In about ten minutes I 　will finish　 （finish） the task. 六、将来进行时 【先感悟】 ①This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema to see a film. ②Tom will be seeing his friend off at the airport tomorrow. ③When I arrive home， my mother will probably be waiting for me for lunch. ④If you will be needing me for help， please let me know. 【会发现】 句①用将来进行时表示将来某一时刻　正在进行　的动作，与时间状语this time tomorrow搭配； 句②用将来进行时表示已经安排好的　将来动作　，与tomorrow搭配； 句③用将来进行时表示预测将来某一时刻　可能发生　的情况，与when I arrive home搭配； 句④用将来进行时在条件状语从句中表达　委婉　的语气，表示如果需要帮助，可以随时联系。 【善归纳】 1.构成：will/shall be＋现在分词（动词-ing形式）。 2.基本用法： （1）表示将来某一时间段内或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow， this evening， this time tomorrow， next year， in two days等； （2）表示已经安排好要发生的动作，强调计划性； （3）表示预测可能会发生的事，常用于推测将来某一时刻的动作； （4）用于疑问句、条件状语从句或I hope/think等的宾语从句中，表示亲切或委婉的语气。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①The librarian can’t attend the meeting at 4 o’clock this afternoon because he 　will be occupying　 （occupy） himself in checking the new books. ②Don’t phone me between 8：00 and 10：00 tomorrow.I 　will be having　 （have） classes then. ③You 　will be lying　 （lie） on the splendid beach at this time the next day， admiring the sunset. 七、将来完成时 【先感悟】 ①We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. ②You will have heard of this， I guess. 【会发现】 句①用将来完成时表示到学期末已　完成　的动作，与时间状语by the end of this term搭配； 句②用将来完成时表示对某事的　推测　。 【善归纳】 1.构成：shall/will＋have＋过去分词。 2.基本用法： （1）表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，常与by＋将来时间状语连用（如by the end of， by tomorrow）； （2）表示对将来某事的推测，相当于“must have done”结构，用于表达对某事的高度可能性。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①We 　will have completed　 （complete） the task by the time you arrive at the airport tomorrow. ②She 　will have graduated　 （graduate） by the end of the year. 八、一般过去时 【先感悟】 ①I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning. ②She got up， washed her face，cleaned her teeth， had her breakfast and then went to work. ③When I was a teenager，I played table tennis almost every day. ④I didn’t know you were here.How long have you been here？ ⑤We would not leave until the teacher came back. 【会发现】 句①中表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与明确的　过去时间状语　连用； 句②中表示过去连续发生的　一系列动作　，动作按时间顺序排列； 句③中表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或　习惯性　的动作； 句④中表示说话人原来　没有料到　、想到的事，常用于表达意外、惊讶等情感； 句⑤在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替　过去将来时　，表示从过去看将要发生的动作。 【善归纳】 1.构成：动词的过去式形式。 2.基本用法： （1）表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与明确的过去时间状语连用（如yesterday， last week， in 1949， a few days ago等）； 名师点津 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。 Your phone number again？ I didn’t quite catch it. 再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我刚才没听见。 （2）表示过去连续发生的一系列动作，动作按时间顺序排列； （3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作，常与often， usually， sometimes等频度副词连用； （4）表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事，常用于表达意外、惊讶等情感； （5）在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作。 3.注意事项： （1）动词变化：注意规则和不规则动词的过去式形式（如规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需记忆变化形式）； （2）时间状语：确保时间状语与过去时态一致，避免与现在时态混淆； （3）情感表达：在表示意外或惊讶时，常与否定句或疑问句搭配。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①A few months after arriving in China， Mr Smith 　fell　 （fall） in love with the people and culture there. ②As soon as we 　arrived　 （arrive） there， we 　got　 （get） down to work. 九、过去进行时 【先感悟】 ①What were you doing at this time last week？ ②I was wondering if you could give me a lift. ③The boy was continually asking questions. 【会发现】 句①用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻　正在进行　的动作与时间状语at this time last week搭配； 句②用过去进行时表示　婉转　语气，用于提出请求； 句③用过去进行时表示　带有感情色彩　的动作（如不满或惊讶），与副词continually连用。 【善归纳】 1.构成：was/were＋现在分词（动词-ing形式）。 2.基本用法： （1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行或某一段时间内持续进行的动作，常与then， at that time， at this time yesterday， the whole night， those days， from one to five yesterday等时间状语连用； （2）表示婉转语气，仅限于want， hope， wonder等动词，用于提出请求； （3）表示带有感情色彩，与现在进行时相似，可表达满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等情感，常与always， forever， continually等副词连用。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 He 　was preparing　 （prepare） his lecture all day yesterday. 十、过去完成时 【先感悟】 ①When I woke up， it had already stopped raining. ②He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. ③He had planned to go abroad， but he changed his mind after finding a good job. ④It was the first time that I had left home. ⑤Hardly had we reached the foot of the mountain when it began to rain. 【会发现】 句①用过去完成时表示过去的过去，强调动作在另一个过去动作之　前　完成； 句②用过去完成时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始延续到　过去　另一时间，与for ten years before he retired连用； 句③用过去完成时表示　原来打算　做而未做的事，涉及未实现的计划或打算； 句④⑤中过去完成时用于固定句型It 　was　 the first time that ...和Hardly ...　when　 ... 【善归纳】 1.构成：had＋过去分词。 2.基本用法： （1）表示过去的过去，即一个动作在另一个过去动作之前完成。常与by， before等介词短语或时间状语从句搭配； （2）表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始延续到过去另一时间，常与for， since构成的时间状语搭配； （3）用于表示未实现的打算或计划，常见动词有hope， wish， expect， think， intend， mean， suppose， plan等； （4）用于固定句型中： It was the first/second/third ...time that sb had done ... Hardly/Scarcely ...when ... No sooner ...than ... 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①They suspected that living things， including humans， 　had evolved　 （evolve） from lower forms of life. ②It was the second time that I 　had read　 （read） the novel， and each time， I discovered new layers of meaning in the author’s words. 十一、过去将来时 【先感悟】 ①It was the last day of our trip， and we would board the flight early in the morning. ②I was going to enter the cave when Tom stopped me. ③She was to meet her friend at the airport the next day. 【会发现】 句①用过去将来时表示从　过去　的某一时间点看将要发生的动作； 句②用过去将来时表示过去某一时刻的　意图　或计划； 句③用过去将来时表示过去的　安排　或预期。 【善归纳】 1.构成： （1）would＋动词原形 （2）was/were going to do （3）was/were to do 2.基本用法：表示从过去的某一时间点看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态，常用于叙述过去的事情。 （1）would＋动词原形：可用于表示过去的习惯性动作或预测； （2）was/were going to do：表示过去的计划或意图，常与when搭配； （3）was/were to do：表示过去的安排或预期。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①They told us the meeting 　would start　 （start） at 9：00 a.m. ②She 　was going to visit　 （visit） her grandparents last weekend， but she got sick. ③He 　was to become　 （become） one of the greatest scientists of his time. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.She 　teaches　 （teach） math at a high school and always arrives early. 2.When I was a child， I often 　climbed　 （climb） trees in the backyard. 3.They 　have lived　 （live） in this city for ten years， and they feel completely at home now. 4.She 　was cooking　 （cook） dinner when the phone rang， and she had to pause to answer it. 5.He 　had planned　 （plan） to go to the concert， but he got sick and had to cancel his tickets. 6.This time tomorrow， I 　will be flying　 （fly） to Paris， and I can’t wait to explore the city. 7.Listen！ She 　is singing　 （sing） an English song in the next room， and her voice sounds so beautiful. 8.I 　will call　 （call） you as soon as I get home， so don’t worry if I’m a bit late. 9.It is the second time I 　have visited　 （visit） this historical museum， and I am still amazed by the artifacts on display. 10.She 　will have worked　 （work） here for five years by next June， and she plans to ask for a promotion. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.I 　will not believe you　 unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。 2.I 　have experienced many things　 in the past three years. 在过去的三年里我经历了很多事情。 3.I can’t help you with the housework because I 　am doing my homework　 now. 我不能帮助你做家务，因为我现在在做作业。 4.Columbus proved that 　the earth is round　. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 5.Hardly 　had he arrived　 when she started complaining. 他一到达她就开始抱怨。 1.admission n.允许进入（加入）；录取；承认，招认；入场费，门票费 教材原句　I’ve been recommended for admission to study physics at my dream university. 我被推荐进入我梦想中的大学学习物理。 【用法】 （1）gain admission to/into　获准进入 （2）admit v.　承认（错误、罪行）；接收；准许进入（或使用） admit doing/having done/that ...　　承认做过…… admit sb/sth to be ...　　承认某人/某事是…… admit （to sb） that ...　　（向某人）承认…… admit sb to/into 　　准许某人进入/加入；接收某人入学 be admitted to/into ...　　被……接收（入学、入院等） 【佳句】　To gain admission to/into the championship， players are required to have a minimum ranking of top 5 in their category. 为了获得锦标赛的参赛资格，运动员们被要求在他们所属的类别中至少排名前五。　（比赛规则） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The company admitted 　misleading/having misled　 （mislead） the customers in their advertisement. ②We cannot but admit this solution 　to be　 （be） the most effective. ③Her 　admission　 （admit） to the medical school was the result of years of hard work and dedication. ④She was admitted 　to/into　 Peking University， which made her parents very happy. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤男孩脸上带着愧疚的表情向母亲承认，他未经允许就从她的钱包里拿走了一些钱。　（表情描写） With a guilty look on his face， the boy 　admitted to his mother that　 he had taken some money from her purse without permission. 2.make up one’s mind 做出决定；拿定主意 教材原句　I can’t make up my mind what the right thing to do is.我无法决定该做什么正确的事。 【用法】 make up one’s mind to do sth　下定决心做某事 change one’s mind　　改变主意 bear/keep ...in mind　　记住…… read one’s mind　　看出某人的心思 fix/focus one’s mind on/upon　　把注意力集中在…… 【佳句】　His eyes widened in shock， exclaiming “Did you just read my mind？ I was about to say the same thing！” 他震惊地睁大了眼睛，惊呼道：“你刚才是不是读懂了我的心思？我正要说同样的话呢！”　（表情、语言描写） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①We should always keep 　in　 mind the importance of protecting the environment. ②We should fix our minds 　on/upon　 finding a solution to the problem instead of complaining. ③After months of hesitation， he made up his mind 　to quit　 （quit） his stable job and start his own business. 【写美】　完成句子 ④起初，他拒绝了邀请，但后来他改变了主意，决定去了。 At first， he refused the invitation， but later he 　changed his mind　 and decided to go. 维度一：基础题型练 用方框内短语的适当形式填空 make up one’s mind， put off， pass up， weigh up， have second thoughts 1.Young people should never 　pass up　 the opportunity to go to university. 2.You’d better 　weigh up the advantages and disadvantages before you make the final decision. 3.Little Tom went to the stadium in a hurry， only to be informed the game had been 　put off　. 4.He agreed to lend me some money yesterday， but now he 　 has second thoughts　. 5.Jenny 　made up her mind　 to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness. 维度二：语法与写作 1.While we can’t predict what 　will happen　， we can guide ourselves with determination. 尽管我们不能预测会发生什么，但可以用决心指引自己。 2.We will have a picnic in the park if 　the weather is fine　 this weekend. 如果本周末天气好，我们将去公园野餐。 3.Hardly 　had the gardener watered the plants　 when it began to pour. 园丁刚给植物浇完水，就开始下倾盆大雨。 4.This is the first time that I 　have been away from my family　 for such a long time. 这是我第一次离家这么长时间。 5.Right now， my mother 　is cooking a delicious dinner　 in the kitchen， filling the house with wonderful smells. 现在，我妈妈正在厨房做一顿美味的晚餐，让房子里充满了诱人的香味。 6.By next Christmas， the couple 　will have saved enough money　 to buy their first house. 到明年圣诞节，这对夫妇将攒够足够的钱来买他们的第一套房子。 7.He found a watch on the ground when he 　was cleaning the classroom　. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有一块手表。 8.When I hurried to school， 　the teacher had come into the classroom　. 当我匆匆赶到学校时，老师已经走进教室了。 9.They 　were discussing the problem heatedly　 when the power went off suddenly. 他们正在激烈地讨论问题，这时突然停电了。 10.I 　will be seeing a friend off　 at the airport at ten tomorrow morning. 明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 维度三：语法与语篇 　　Now， 93-year-old James Crowley is very grateful because a stranger 1.　helped　 （help） him find the wedding ring that he lost in a pile of leaves. 　　Crowley 2.　was clearing　 （clear） leaves from his yard when he found that his wedding ring was gone.“It was the first time that my ring 3.　had been　 （be） off my finger，” Crowley said.He immediately 4.　called　 （call） his daughter Deidre Miguel. 　　Since Miguel grew up near the beach， she 5.　knows　 （know） that people have metal detectors （探测器） in Westerly， so she posted a message on Westerly’s Facebook group asking if someone with a metal detector could help look for her father’s wedding ring.Ryan Ledbetter 6.　responded　 （respond） immediately. 　　The next morning， Crowley and Ledbetter went over every part of the yard that Crowley 7.　had worked　 （work） on the day before.Finally， they found the wedding ring.Miguel says she 8.　will resize　 （resize） the ring to better fit her dad’s finger. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·山东滨州高二下期末） On 9 October， the economist Claudia Goldin was doing what most people do at 5 am： sleeping.But then the phone rang， and her life changed.That day， she became the third woman ever to win the Nobel Prize in Economics — and the first woman to win it on her own. 　　Goldin， 77， has dedicated herself to studying women and work.Over the course of her career， she has published foundational research on the ways women balance career with family and the gender wage gap.All of this has made her the world’s leading expert on how the workforce has changed women’s lives and how women’s participation has changed the workforce. 　　Goldin’s work started with an observation on who was being left out of the conversation about families and labor.“We would talk about the children and the male head of the household.We would talk about single women who were working or widowed，” she says.“But we hardly talked about the married woman — the wife， the mother — and I realized that her story was unfolding through the 20th century， and it was a story that dug deep into the history.” 　　For all of her achievements in economics， Goldin confesses that when she was growing up in the 1950s， she didn’t picture herself in the field — in fact， she says， “I don’t think I knew what an economist was.” It was science that drew her in — specifically the experience of observing bacteria through a microscope in high school.But， once she arrived at Cornell University， Goldin did what she now encourages her undergraduate students to do： experiment， try new things， see what resonates. 　　“I don’t give advice，” she says， “but the one thing I do tell my female friends — because most of them have spent an enormous amount of time on families — is that never dim （使变暗） your light.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了经济学家 Claudia Goldin 致力于研究女性与工作的关系，她是第三位获得诺贝尔经济学奖的女性，也是第一位独自获得该奖项的女性。 1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about？（　　） A.Women’s dilemma at work. B.The achievements of Goldin. C.Goldin’s living conditions. D.The current status of workforce. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，Goldin致力于研究女性与工作，她发表了关于女性如何平衡家庭和事业以及性别工资差距的基础性研究报告，这使她成为世界领先专家。由此可推知，本段主要介绍了Goldin的成就。 2.What inspired Goldin to focus on women and work？（　　） A.Her sympathy for single women. B.Her personal misfortune in family. C.Social discrimination against women. D.People’s ignorance of married women. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Goldin发现人们会谈论孩子和男性户主，也会谈论工作或丧偶的单身女性，但几乎不会谈论已婚女性——妻子、母亲，而她们的故事贯穿了整个20世纪，这是一个深入挖掘历史的故事。由此可知，人们对已婚女性的忽视激励Goldin专注于女性与工作的研究。 3.What quality does Goldin value in her students？（　　） A.Innovation.　 B.Talent. C.Imagination.　 D.Passion. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段末句可知，Goldin鼓励她的本科生去尝试新事物，看看什么能引起共鸣。由此可推知，Goldin珍视学生的创新品质。 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text？（　　） A.A Life-changing Phone Call B.A Pioneer in Women’s Career C.Goldin， Centering Women at Work D.Goldin， Dedicating Herself to Work 解析：C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了诺贝尔经济学奖获得者Claudia Goldin致力于研究女性与工作，并取得了一些成就。因此C项适合作为本文的最佳标题。 B 　　（2025·江苏盐城高二下期末） South Georgia Medical Center （SGMC） honored a team of nurses with the May DAISY （雏菊） Award for extraordinary nursing care.Chris Schauteet， Cristin Bryans， and Danya Shealy were among the honorees recognized for their work in creating a most memorable patient experience. 　　The patient， Laurie Gulliksen， had been receiving inpatient chemotherapy （化疗） since December of 2022.During this time the staff became very close with her.On Friday， 21 April， the patient received her last treatment and was scheduled to go home.The nurses wanted to celebrate this achievement and make it special so they purchased balloons， flowers， a card， and a gift， but most importantly， a bell for the patient to ring to signal the completion of her chemotherapy. 　　Gulliksen came back to the hospital to present the honorees with their awards.She shared， “I will never forget the love and sympathy shown to me and the friendships that were made.They are truly amazing people.” 　　SGMC Senior Vice President， and Chief Nursing Officer Randy Smith expressed his thanks to the team.“It’s very fitting that we are able to present this award during National Nurses Week which recognizes the devotion of nurses and honors them for taking care of patients during their most difficult moments，” he said.“I am extremely proud of our entire nursing team and their commitment to going above and beyond to enhance the patient experience at SGMC.” 　　SGMC continues to ask patients and fellow employees to honor nurses who they feel go above and beyond in their actions and care.Nominations （提名） are reviewed by a committee based on criteria that include sympathy， teamwork， leadership， attitude， skills and knowledge. 　　DAISY awards are presented monthly in front of the nurse’s workmates， physicians， patients， and visitors.Each honoree receives a certificate praising her or him for being an “Extraordinary Nurse”.They also receive a beautiful sculpture called A Healer’s Touch and a special flower arrangement of daisies generously donated by The Flower Gallery， the local sponsor of SGMC’s DAISY Award. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了南乔治亚医疗中心（SGMC）颁发DAISY奖给一组护士的事迹，详细描述了这个奖项的背景、目的以及获奖者的故事。 5.Why did the nurses buy Laurie Gulliksen such items as balloons and flowers？（　　） A.To praise the special patient. B.To celebrate the unusual moment. C.To respect the devoted honorees. D.To facilitate the effective treatment. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段末句可知，护士们购买气球、鲜花等物品是为了庆祝患者完成最后一次化疗这一特殊时刻。 6.What is the DAISY Award aimed at？（　　） A.Enhancing nurses’ experience. B.Expressing patients’ thankfulness. C.Winning patients’ recognition. D.Acknowledging nurses’ commitment. 解析：D　细节理解题。文章第一段提到 DAISY 奖是为了表彰杰出护理，第四段医院高管 Randy Smith 指出该奖项在全国护士周颁发，旨在认可护士的奉献并表彰他们在患者最困难时刻的照顾。所以DAISY奖的目的是承认护士们的付出。 7.What does the underlined word “their” in paragraph 5 refer to？（　　） A.Patients’.　　 B.Employees’. C.Workmates’.　 D.Nurses’. 解析：D　代词指代题。第五段首句提到，SGMC 继续邀请患者和员工表彰那些在行动和护理中超越职责的护士们。此处their指代上文的nurses。 8.What is the last paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.The sponsor of the prizes. B.The presenter of the award. C.The prizes for the honorees. D.The criteria for being awarded. 解析：C　段落大意题。最后一段详细列举了获奖者获得的奖励：证书、雕塑、雏菊花束，并提到本地赞助商。由此推断，本段的主要内容是关于获奖者的奖品。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·河北名校联盟高二下期末） Kenneth worked in the downtown of Washington， D.C.and while it paid well， his boss was what Kenneth described as a constant 　9　.One day， Kenneth got out of the office building from work， walking on the street.It was a bitterly cold night.He received two 　10　 phone calls： one from his father about his late mother and another from a friend suffering from cancer.The 　11　 frustration mixed with the personal sadness， casting a heavy 　12　 over his day.“I just didn’t understand what the purpose of life was，” he 　13　 that day and said. 　　Wandering on the road， Kenneth 　14　 to make eye contact with a little boy walking toward him.“When we locked 　15　， he just gave me a bright smile.No words exchanged， the smile was a language enough to 　16　 me.” As he continued on his path， Kenneth couldn’t shake off the impact of that accidental yet meaningful 　17　. 　　In that instant， a thought 　18　 Kenneth， not of giving in to despair （绝望） but of 　19　.Kenneth launched a video project， 　20　 the healing power of smiles that persons from all walks of life received.Each faced their own hardships but was 　21　 comforted and motivated from strangers， much like his own experience with the little boy.These recordings became beacons （灯塔） of hope and 　22　 for people in despair， spreading more warmth in corners of the world. 　　“I have to marvel at the idea due to a little boy smiling at me on a cold January day.He is my unsung 　23　，” Kenneth said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Kenneth在经历个人和职业上的困境后，通过一个小男孩的微笑获得启发，进而发起了一项视频项目，记录各行各业的人们接收到的微笑的力量，这些微笑成了绝望中人们的希望和可能性的灯塔，传播着温暖和正能量。 9.A.assistant　 B.visitor C.challenge　 D.companion 解析：C　根据上文可知，while 表示转折，虽然薪水优厚，但是老板是个不断的挑战，即很难相处，给 Kenneth 带来很多麻烦。 10.A.pleasant　 B.painful C.strange　 D.cautious 解析：B　根据下文可知，一个是父亲告知母亲去世的消息，另一个来自患癌症的朋友，所以这两个电话是令人痛苦的。 11.A.continuous　 B.previous C.temporary　 D.professional 解析：D　根据本文首句可知，工作上老板带来的麻烦属于职业上的挫折，与后面个人的悲伤交织在一起。 12.A.shadow　 B.light C.smile　 D.glance 解析：A　根据上文可知，职业上的挫折和个人的悲伤交织在一起，给这一天笼罩了沉重的阴影。 13.A.figured out　 B.reflected on C.got through　 D.stirred up 解析：B　根据上下文可知，这是Kenneth对那天事情的反思后说的话。 14.A.promised　 B.pretended C.refused　 D.happened 解析：D　根据下文可知，Kenneth 碰巧和走向他的小男孩眼神接触。 15.A.belonging　 B.belt C.sight　 D.screen 解析：C　根据上文可知，此处指的是眼神接触，lock sight 表示 “目光相遇”。 16.A.uplift　 B.trick C.threaten　 D.defeat 解析：A　根据上下文可知，这个微笑让 Kenneth 振作起来。 17.A.recognition　 B.encounter C.celebration　 D.explosion 解析：B　根据上文可知，这是一次偶然又有意义的相遇。 18.A.hurt　 B.fined C.absorbed　 D.struck 解析：D　根据下文可知，Kenneth突然想到一个想法。sth strike sb表示“某人突然想起某事”。 19.A.transformation　 B.apology C.dependence　 D.illustration 解析：A　根据上文可知，此处指从消极的情绪中转变过来。 20.A.regaining　 B.ignoring C.filming　 D.drawing 解析：C　根据上文可知，是拍摄来自各行各业的人所感受到的微笑的治愈力量。 21.A.alternatively　 B.unexpectedly C.unfortunately　 D.gradually 解析：B　根据上下文可知，每个人都面临着自己的困难，但意外地从陌生人那里得到了安慰和激励，就像Kenneth与小男孩的相遇那样。 22.A.inspiration　 B.wisdom C.activities　 D.possibilities 解析：D　根据上文可知，这些录像成了希望的灯塔，and连接并列成分，所以这里应是和hope类似的词，possibilities可以理解为给处于绝望中的人们带来了新的希望和可能，让他们看到生活的更多可能性。 23.A.member　 B.partner C.hero　 D.tourist 解析：C　根据上文可知，因为小男孩的微笑，Kenneth有了积极的转变，所以小男孩是他无名的英雄。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2025·辽宁沈阳高二下期末） It is important for teenagers to make a career choice 24.　　　　　　 advance.If you make a career choice while you are still in high school， you 25.　　　　　　 （save） time and money in the long run.Students who do not plan ahead may delay starting college or take extra 26.　　　　　 （course） to give themselves time to make up their minds.US News and World Report says that the average yearly tuition （学费） at a four-year college 27.　　　　　 （be） $35，000.If you spend an extra year in school， you may have to take out additional loans or pay extra money 28.　　　　　　 （cover） the cost. 　　29.　　　　　　 （choose） a career while you are in high school also gives you time to explore your industry.If you find a career 30.　　　　　　 sounds interesting， you can follow someone in the field and see what it is really like to have that job.You can also apply for a chance to get 31.　　　　　 informal position related to your desired industry.This will help you build a professional network before your 32.　　　　　 （graduate） from high school.Professional contact is very valuable， 33.　　　　　　 （especial） when you are looking for a job in your field.If you do as much as you can to build a network when you are ready for a job， you will be more likely to succeed. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中生职业生涯规划的重要性。 24.in　考查介词。in advance意为“提前，预先”。 25.will save　考查时态。结合句意及if引导的状语从句中的“主将从现”原则可知，此处讲述将要发生的事情，应用一般将来时。 26.courses　考查名词复数。结合语境可知，数量大于一，应用名词复数。 27.is　考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为tuition，谓语用单数形式。 28.to cover　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式表目的。 29.Choosing　考查非谓语动词。此处作主语应用动词-ing形式，位于句首，首字母应大写。 30.which/that　考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词为career，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用which或that。 31.an　考查冠词。position为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且informal的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。 32.graduation　考查名词。根据空前的your可知，此处应用名词graduation。 33.especially　考查副词。修饰句子when you are looking for a job in your field应用副词especially。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $