UNIT 5 Section Ⅳ Writing an observational journal(课时跟踪检测)(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅳ　Writing an observational journal Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Plants can often tell when they’re in danger — by smell.But not all leaves sniff （嗅） out threats equally well.In corn plants， baby leaves do this best， new data shows. 　　“They recognize that danger is around the corner，” says Lei Wang.He’s a plant biologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland.He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology. 　　Many plants are known to beef up their chemical defenses when they’re about to get bitten by “insects”.One way plants sense such threats is through smell.They can detect smell molecules （分子） floating through the air.Those molecules may spread from an insect’s saliva （唾液）.Or they may come from neighboring plants that have already been attacked and are on death’s door. 　　Originally， Wang and his team set out to identify airborne chemicals that plants receive as warning scents （气味）.But when they started their study， they found that the adult corn leaves they tested did not produce many anti-predator chemicals in response to the smells. 　　So the researchers turned to baby leaves.These are much more fragile （脆弱） than the adult leaves that scientists usually study.In the lab， the team exposed young and adult corn leaves to a common danger — signaling scent.This green-leaf compound is similar to the smell of freshly cut grass.A corn plant might encounter this scent if a nearby plant was in danger.The researchers measured how much danger signal each leaf released in response to the warning smell. 　　New leaves were more sensitive than adult leaves.Even though the adult leaves were worse at “smelling”， however， they did release small amounts of defense chemicals.Other research shows that these leaves can process danger signals other than scent （such as insects munching on them）.They can respond to these attacks， too， by issuing chemicals aimed at tackling the threat. 　　Wang hopes his research may lead to the breeding （培育） of smarter crops — ones more resistant to insects.In the long run， that should reduce a need for harmful pesticides. 1.What do the underlined words “beef up” in paragraph 3 mean？（　　） A.Cease.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.Balance. C.Strengthen. D.Overcome. 2.What can be learned from the text？（　　） A.Plants defend themselves in various ways. B.Plants sense danger from insect saliva. C.Freshly cut grass was used in the research. D.Adult corn leaves can’t produce defense chemicals. 3.What does Wang hope to achieve with his research？（　　） A.To reduce the use of poisonous pesticides. B.To improve the taste of crops. C.To breed more profitable plants. D.To create safer pesticides. 4.What is the best title for the text？（　　） A.Scientists Developing Smarter Crops B.New Study Revealing the Secret of Plants C.Plants Recognizing Danger in Different Ways D.Young Corn Leaves Smelling Danger Better B 　　According to Carol Henger， an urban ecologist at Fordham University， around 20－30 coyotes （郊狼） live in New York City， which was first reported by the New York Times. 　　According to the journal， coyotes have been spotted wandering areas of NYC as early as 1994， with proof of breeding groups first established in 2016.NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes， as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest. 　　Dr Henger estimates a total of 20－30 coyotes are now residing in the city.Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx， so they truly are multi-generational New Yorkers. 　　The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park. 　　So where are they living in NYC？ Well， according to Urban Coyote Research， urban coyotes like to keep their distance from humans， choosing habitats in parks or wooded patches. 　　Specifically in NYC， Dr Henger discovered coyote feces （粪便） mainly around green spaces in the Bronx and areas throughout Queens over a 10-year span， shares the New York Times.In recent years， NYC has also seen coyotes wandering in Central Park. 　　As for diet， urban coyotes had a more species-rich diet than the non-urban coyotes.From plants to rabbits， human leftovers to rodents rats， urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet.And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr Henger， at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher！ 5.What does the text suggest about the coyotes’ habitats？（　　） A.They are native to NYC. B.They were first discovered in Central Park. C.They often change habitats throughout their lives. D.They originally came from the Great Plains and Southwest. 6.What does the underlined word “residing” in paragraph 3 mean？（　　） A.Sleeping. B.Hiding. C.Living. D.Visiting. 7.What can be known about urban coyotes？（　　） A.They are unfamiliar with NYC. B.They can wander up to 10 miles in a day. C.They prefer to live in populated urban areas. D.They have a limited diet consisting of only plants. 8.What is the last paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.The varied diet of urban coyotes. B.Safety tips on living with coyotes. C.Coyotes’ daily movements in NYC. D.The arrival and settlement of coyotes. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　National Skip the Straw Day （国家无吸管日） is held on the fourth Friday in February every year in America.It is to remind people to give up straws in their drinks as a way to fight plastic pollution and help the planet.Straws show up on beaches and in waterways around the world.9.（　　） 　　In 2019， volunteers removed nearly a million straws and stirrers （搅拌棒） in a single day’s efforts.Since 1986， volunteers have collected nearly 14 million straws and stirrers from beaches and waterways around the world.10.（　　） After all， before 2019， about half-billion straws were used daily in the US — enough to fill 127 school buses， circle the Earth 2.5 times， and weigh as much as 1，000 cars. 　　11.（　　） It’s an easy first lift that will have a snowball effect on other areas.When you choose to skip the straw， you begin to think about and realize how so many other single-use plastics are unnecessary.Suddenly， you start to consider using reusable shopping bags and coffee cups.12.（　　） And along the way， collectively， you are having an effect， and showing companies that they need to do better. 　　If you have not yet given up straws， then this is the year to do so.Use your lips to drink from a glass.Buy a coffee cup that comes with a built-in straw.Explore straws made from paper， bamboo， and glass.13.（　　） But this is one of the easiest ways to protect the environment.Remember， reducing plastic waste includes more than simply straws； it also includes packaging and single-use plastics in daily life. A.That may seem impossibly high. B.Avoiding straws may not save the world. C.It is best to carry a few straws and use them whenever needed. D.Next， you might look for things that are packaged in reusable boxes. E.Avoiding straws can get people used to the idea of giving up plastics. F.The collection numbers are a small part of the number of straws actually being used. G.They are among the top 10 most common things found during the coastal clean-up event. Ⅲ.完形填空 　　Romero is an 84-year-old man.He owes his 　14　 to his pet dog， Palomo， who took 　15　 to him after he got lost in the desert for a week. 　　On 27 November， Romero left his home for a short trip， but he didn’t come back 　16　.His family wasn’t 　17　 at first as he used to visit nearby villages in the area and would be back a few days later.However， after four days， the man’s niece， Ramona， panicked and 　18　 it to the local authorities. 　　The police with trained dogs were brought in to 　19　 Romero.They searched the area around， but a week after his 　20　， Romero was nowhere to be found.That’s when the old man’s faithful dog， Palomo， was brought in as the last 　21　. 　　According to one member of the search team， the brown dog 　22　 them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been 　23　.His niece told the authorities that Romero sometimes had poor memory and that 　24　 his getting lost on his trip. 　　The 　25　 weak man was rushed to the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet.One officer posted online that “Palomo 　26　 by the hospital door day and night waiting for the 　27　 of its beloved Romero.The unconditional love of his pet allowed Romero to be 　28　 with his family”.A photo of Palomo staying by Romero’s side after he came back home was along with these words. 14.（　） A.promotion　　　　 B.poverty　　　　　C.survival　　　　 D.identity 15.（　） A.rescuers B.strangers C.fighters D.hunters 16.（　） A.by turn B.at times C.in advance D.as usual 17.（　） A.inspired B.concerned C.satisfied D.confused 18.（　） A.reported B.exposed C.transported D.introduced 19.（　） A.employ B.assess C.convince D.seek 20.（　） A.disappearance B.competition C.graduation D.consumption 21.（　） A.conclusion B.suggestion C.attempt D.defence 22.（　） A.spotted B.dragged C.pointed D.guided 23.（　） A.defeated B.trapped C.cheated D.permitted 24.（　） A.accounted for B.made out C.cared about D.resulted from 25.（　） A.strangely B.equally C.suddenly D.obviously 26.（　） A.hesitated B.remained C.shouted D.whispered 27.（　） A.responsibility B.cooperation C.recovery D.arrival 28.（　） A.compared B.associated C.reunited D.pleased Ⅳ.语法填空 　　Eugene Kwak wanted to do 29.　　　　　　 （much） for farmers than his New York City routine — shopping at farmers’ markets.Eugene decided he could use his experience as an architect and professor to create a space for farming， food， and people to come together through agritourism and education. 　　His first step was 30.　　　　　　（find） land in the Hudson Valley.With the help of a local friend， Eugene found a piece of 15-acre land 31.　　　　　 was previously part of a dairy farm that fit his needs.Then， Eugene was ready to move forward by finding a farmer with whom he wanted to partner.This time as 32.　　　　　　 landowner， he looked for a 33.　　　　　　 （suit） farmer to give the land new life with a vegetable operation.34.　　　　　　 exchange， he offered a free 30-year land lease （租期） and below-market rent on half of a two-family house he was in the process of building on the property.Eugene designed the 35.　　　　　　 （arrange） himself to empower a young farmer by providing the opportunity to farm worry-free and for a long time. 　　Eugene found 36.　　　　　　 （he） match with Jack Whettam and Melissa Phillips， a family from California 37.　　　　　　 （seek） an opportunity to farm in the Hudson Valley.The family started Hidden Acre Farm on the property in early 2019 and the farmers 38.　　　　　　 （help） to connect to market opportunities in New York City. Ⅴ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　Sometimes， I had dirt under my fingernails.Mom said that was OK， as long as I washed hard before dinner.She understood because she was a gardener like me， except she said little vegetables tasted best.I might be small， but I liked veggies BIG. 　　Mom grew carrots the size of my little finger.I grew carrots as long as my arm.Mom grew tomatoes that looked like beans， so sweet and tiny.We put them in our mouths by the handful.I grew tomatoes so big that one piece covered a whole pizza. 　　Last summer， Mom was growing tiny pumpkins （南瓜）.I was growing the biggest pumpkin ever.I was trying to win at the harvest fair （丰收集市）. 　　I chose the best place， right by where Mom grew her zucchini （西葫芦）.I planted the pumpkin seed and I watered it.When the baby plant came up， I fed and protected it carefully.And it grew.The first flower opened and the next day， a baby pumpkin grew at the bottom of the flower. 　　Over the next few weeks， the little pumpkin got bigger.I carefully took off each new flower after it opened so that the plant would grow only one big pumpkin， instead of many little ones.It needed all of its power to make the biggest pumpkin ever. 　　When summer got hot， I gave my pumpkin more water and love.To avoid the zucchini plants being sad， I gave the zucchini water， too. 　　My pumpkin became orange as it became ready.And still it grew.It’s the biggest pumpkin ever.Bright as the late summer sun.Round as a planet， so my friend Kam called it Planet Pumpkin.The harvest fair was the next day， and Planet Pumpkin was going to win.Mom cut my pumpkin from the vine （藤蔓） so I could place it in my truck， but it’s too big to lift by myself.Mom helped.So did Kam. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 　　After much hard work， we almost got the pumpkin in the truck.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 The next day at the harvest fair， Mom， Kam， and I won sixth prize in the zucchini competition. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅳ　Writing an observational journal Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，比起成熟的叶子，玉米的嫩叶能更好地感知危险的到来。 1.C　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，当植物即将被昆虫叮咬时，它们会对自身的化学防御做出某种动作。结合常识，植物在面临威胁时会增强自身防御，所以beef up应表示 “加强，增强” 的意思，和strengthen意思相近。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二至四句可知，植物能从昆虫的唾液中感知危险。 3.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Wang希望通过他的研究减少有毒农药的使用。 4.D　标题归纳题。文章开篇指出植物能通过气味感知危险，接着以玉米植物为例，讲述研究发现玉米的幼叶在感知危险方面比成年叶做得更好，最后说明该研究的意义。D项（幼玉米叶更能敏锐感知危险）准确概括了文章主旨，最合适作文章标题。 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。纽约市已成为20至30只郊狼的栖息地，这些动物适应了城市生活，拥有多样的食物来源，并在城市的绿地中建立了自己的生存空间。 5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，郊狼最初并非纽约市本地物种，它们大多来自大平原和西南部地区。 6.C　词义猜测题。上文提到估计有 20－30 只郊狼在纽约市，结合语境及Many of the coyotes currently living in the city可知，这里说的是郊狼在纽约市居住，residing的意思是 “居住”，与living同义。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，城市郊狼一天能在开阔空间游荡多达 10 英里。 8.A　段落大意题。最后一段首句表明城市郊狼的饮食比非城市郊狼种类更丰富，接着列举了城市郊狼的各种食物，所以该段主要讲述城市郊狼多样的饮食。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了吸管的危害，并呼吁我们减少使用。 9.G　10.F　11.E　12.D　13.B　 Ⅲ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只名为Palomo的宠物狗带着救援人员在沙漠中救了主人Romero的故事。 14.C　根据下文可知，Romero 在沙漠中迷路一周后被宠物狗 Palomo 找到，所以他的幸存要归功于他的狗。 15.A　根据下文According to one member of the search team可知，宠物狗Palomo把救援人员带到了 Romero 身边，使他获救。 16.D　根据下文可知，他过去常去附近村庄几天后回来。由此可知，这次他没有像往常一样回来。 17.B　根据语境可知，家人一开始因为他以前也有类似情况，所以并不担心。 18.A　根据However， after four days， the man’s niece， Ramona， panicked可知，四天后他还没回来，他的侄女 Ramona 惊慌失措，把这件事报告给了地方当局。 19.D　根据下文They searched the area around可知，警察带着警犬寻找Romero。 20.A　根据上文可知，Romero消失了一周后，还是找不到他。 21.C　当其他搜寻无果时，带来他的狗 Palomo 作最后一次尝试。 22.D　狗引导着他们穿过山丘和山谷。 23.B　根据finally to the place in the desert where Romero可知，最终到达Romero被困的地方。 24.A　根据that Romero sometimes had poor memory可知，他的侄女向当局解释Romero迷路的原因。 25.D　根据the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet可知，很明显，Romero很虚弱。 26.B　根据by the hospital door day and night可知，一名警官在网上发布说“Palomo 日夜留在医院门口等待Romero康复”。 27.C　参见上题解析。 28.C　根据上文He owes his 　14　 to his pet dog， Palomo， who took 　15　 to him after he got lost in the desert for a week.可知，Romero获救了，因此得以与家人重聚。 Ⅳ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了建筑师兼教授Eugene Kwak希望能创建一个集农业、食品和人员于一体的空间，旨在通过农业旅游和教育来促进农业发展。他最终寻找到合适的地块和合作伙伴，并实现了最初的设想。 29.more　30.to find　31.which/that　32.a　33.suitable　 34.In　35.arrangement　36.his　37.seeking 38.were helped　 Ⅴ. 　　After much hard work， we almost got the pumpkin in the truck.But it hit the truck.It fell and made a mess on the ground.We were left feeling discouraged.But then I caught sight of something huge and dark green hiding under the leaves where Mom had grown her baby zucchini.It was a big zucchini！ It suddenly occurred to me that since the pumpkin was already bad， why not enter the zucchini competition？ I shared my idea with Mom and Kam， and they could not agree more. 　　The next day at the harvest fair， Mom， Kam， and I won sixth prize in the zucchini competition.As we returned home， excitement hung in the air.We came together in the kitchen and celebrated with pumpkin cakes and toasted seeds.We did not throw all the seeds away.I saved the fattest one to plant because next summer， I was going to grow an even bigger pumpkin.With hearts full of happiness， we look forward to the future and the possibilities that lie ahead in our garden. 5 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $