UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义围绕“植物密语”核心主题，系统梳理植物通过化学物质、声音及“植物万维网”进行交流的方式。以Pre-reading问题引入植物生存基础，While-reading通过架构分析、细节理解、难句解析搭建文本解读支架，Post-reading结合思维讨论与语法填空深化语言运用。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如While-reading的结构分析题提升语篇理解能力，Post-reading的讨论问题引导学生思考植物交流研究的意义，培养批判性思维。课中通过分层任务助力教师引导学生深入文本，课后词汇默写、语法练习等帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas Pre-reading Before reading the passage， answer the following question. 　How do plants survive without moving or eating like animals？ 　Plants use sunlight， water， and air to make food through photosynthesis — this is how they survive without moving.　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.What can we learn from paragraph 3？（　　） A.Plants can release chemicals from the roots. B.Plants can release chemicals when attacked. C.Chemicals from some plants destroy the other plants. D.Scientists find the method of growing crops without pesticides. 2.How many ways that plants communicate are talked about in the passage？（　　） A.1.　 B.2. C.3.　 D.4. 3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？（　　） ①＝paragraph 1　　②＝paragraph 2 ③＝paragraph 3　　 ④＝paragraph 4 ⑤＝paragraph 5　　⑥＝paragraph 6 A.①/②/③④⑤/⑥　 B.①②/③④⑤/⑥ C.①②③/④⑤/⑥　 D.①/②③④⑤/⑥ 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage？（　　） A.To encourage people to study plants. B.To introduce ways of communication between plants. C.To argue why plants are able to communicate. D.To tell us some myths about talking plants. 答案：1－4　BCBB 第三步：析难句表达升级 1.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water， indicating drought is arriving. 句式分析：本句为复合句，when there is not enough water为when引导的　时间状语　从句；indicating drought is arriving是动词-ing形式作　伴随　状语，drought is arriving为省略that的　宾语　从句。 自主翻译：　还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。　 2.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. 句式分析：本句为复合句，in which plants talk to each other为“介词＋关系代词”引导的　定语　从句。 自主翻译：　科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。　 Post-reading 第一步：拓思维品质提升 Discuss the following questions with your partner. Do you think it’s useful to study the secrets of plants communication？ Why？ What can we benefit from it？ 　As far as I am concerned， it is very important to study this.Because it can not only benefit our human beings a lot but also be good to creatures around us.We can better understand the nature， summarize the law， and promote the harmony between human and nature for a brighter future of the world.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　Modern research is showing that plants can communicate 1.　with　 each other. 　　It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.The plant releases chemicals from the leaves that 2.　are being eaten　 （eat）.This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another plant detects the chemicals， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects 3.　away　. 　　More 4.　surprisingly　 （surprise）， plants also use sound to communicate.Some plants make noises with their roots.A chilli plant can tell 5.　if　 a neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water， 6.　indicating　 （indicate） drought is arriving. 　　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of 7.　communication　 （communicate） that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.This fungal network 8.　links　 （link） the roots of different plants to each other.9.　Using　 （use） the wood wide web， plants can share information and even food with each other.Plants can steal food 10.　from　 each other， or spread poisons to attack other plants. 　　Maybe one day we will be able to “talk” with plants ourselves. The Secret Language of Plants 　　Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees [1]that give advice as well as③ warnings to people.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories， such as the film Avatar， trees can communicate with④ animals and people. 　　[2]With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤， new research has revealed something amazing：[3]it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥. 　　[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词talking trees。 　　[2]with复合结构（with＋代词＋doing）作状语。 　　[3]it appears that ... 意为“似乎……”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 　　[4]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant， say a bean plant， gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of⑦ chemicals from the leaves [5]that are being eaten.This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another bean plant detects⑧ the chemicals from its injured neighbour， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑨.Others attract insects — the wasps⑩！ The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， [6]so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides⑪. 　　[4]It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 　　[5]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词leaves。 　　[6]so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。 　　More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.People can’t hear these sounds， but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots⑫.Corn and chilli⑬ plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell [7]if a neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，[8]indicating⑭ drought is arriving. 　　[7]if引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语。 　　[8]indicating ...为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。 　　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of communication [9]that can link⑮ nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.[10]While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers [11]linked by cables⑯ and satellites， the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi⑰.This fungal⑱ network links the roots of different plants to each other.[12]Using the wood wide web， plants can share information and even food with each other.For example， some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet， the wood wide web has its own version⑲ of “cybercrime⑳”.Plants can steal food from each other， or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn [13]how to create a “firewall㉑” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. 　　[9]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词communication。 　　[10]While在此是并列连词，表示对比。 　　[11]linked by ...为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词computers。 　　[12]Using the wood ...为动词-ing短语作伴随状语。 　　[13]“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作learn的宾语。 　　Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways [14]in which plants talk to each other.Who knows？ Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 　　[14]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。 ①myth n.（古代的）神话 ②legend n.传说，传奇（故事） ③as well as 也；又（连接并列结构） ④communicate with sb与某人交流 communicate sth to sb 向某人传达（思想和感情） ⑤fantasy n.幻想 ⑥after all 毕竟；终究 ⑦tiny amounts of 微量的 ⑧detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物） ⑨drive ...away 把……赶走 ⑩wasp n.黄蜂 ⑪pesticide n.杀虫剂，农药 ⑫root n.根 ⑬chilli n.辣椒 ⑭indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示 ⑮link v. 把……联系起来；连接 ⑯cable n.电缆 ⑰fungus n.真菌（复数fungi） ⑱fungal adj.真菌的 ⑲version n.说法，描述；版本 ⑳cybercrime n.网络犯罪 ㉑firewall n.防火墙 参考译文 植物密语 　　会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事——例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。 　　我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。 　　人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。 　　更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。 　　最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。 　　科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　as well as　　也；又（连接并列结构） 2.　communicate with sb　　　与某人交流 3.　after all　　　毕竟；终究 4.　tiny amounts of　　　微量的 5.　drive ...away　　　把……赶走 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.　It has been known for some time that　 plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。 2.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， 　so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides　. 科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物报警系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。 3.Perhaps one day scientists will learn 　how to create a “firewall”　 to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. 也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。 核心词汇集释 1.root n.根 v.（使）生根，扎根 教材原句　Some plants make noises with their roots.有些植物通过根部发出声响。 【用法】 （1）take root　（植物）生根；（思想）植根，深入人心（后常跟介词in） （2）be rooted in　　植根于……；由……产生 root out　　铲除，清除；彻底解决 root for　　支持；为……鼓劲 【佳句】　The educational program took root in the community， providing children with opportunities they had never had before. 该教育项目在社区扎根，为孩子们提供了前所未有的机会。 （活动介绍） 【练透】　用root的相关短语填空 ①It is essential to 　root out　 the cause of the problem to prevent it from recurring. ②Her friends 　rooted for　 her when she participated in the speech contest. 【写美】　完成句子 ③The tradition of celebrating the harvest festival 　is deeply rooted in　 the agricultural history of the region. 庆祝丰收节的传统深深地植根于该地区的农业历史。 （节日介绍） 2.drive ...away 把……赶走 教材原句　Some of these chemicals drive insects away.其中一些化学物质能驱赶昆虫。 【用法】 （1）drive sb crazy/mad　把某人逼得发疯/发狂 drive sb to do sth　　迫使某人做某事 drive off　　驱车离去；驶去 drive sb home　　开车送某人回家 （2）go for a drive　　开车去兜风 【点津】 动词drive的过去式和过去分词均为不规则形式，分别为drove和driven。 【练透】　单句语法填空/根据汉语提示填空 ①Her strong sense of social responsibility drove her 　to start　 （start） a charity project. ②The loud noise from the construction site 　drove me crazy　 （把我逼疯）. 【写美】　完成句子 ③He got in his car， started the engine， and 　drove off quickly　. 他坐进车里，发动引擎，然后快速驱车离去。 3.link v.把……联系起来；连接 n.联系；关系；链接 教材原句　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. 最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。 【用法】 link up　　联合，连接；使结合；使连接 link up with　　与……联合/汇合/碰头 link ...with/to ...　　将……和……连接起来 be linked with/to　　与……有关 【佳句】　The friends linked arms and walked down the street. 朋友们挽着胳膊沿街行走。 （动作描写） 【联想】 表示“把……与……相联系”还可用connect ...with ...， associate ...with ...等固定搭配来表达。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The software is designed to link 　up　 various data sources. ②The research institute will link up 　with　 a university to conduct a joint study on environmental protection. 【写美】　完成句子 ③Lack of exercise 　is linked with/to　 various health problems such as obesity and heart disease. 缺乏锻炼与肥胖、心脏病等各种健康问题有关。 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句 教材原句　Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides. 科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物报警系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。 【用法】 （1）so that 引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……，以便……”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词； （2）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词。 【佳句】　The weather was so bad so that the game had to be canceled. 天气太糟糕了，以至于比赛不得不取消。 【写美】　微写作 ①我们应该不断学习新知识，以便我们能拓宽我们的视野，更好地理解这个世界。（建议信） We should keep learning new knowledge 　so that we can broaden our horizons　 and better understand the world. ②雨下得很大，结果街道被淹没了。 It rained heavily 　so that the streets were flooded　. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Some plants have very long 　roots　 （根） that can reach water sources deep underground. 2.She measured the width of the table with a ruler and found it was 80 　centimetres　 （厘米）. 3.The new bridge will link　 the two sides of the river， making transportation much more convenient. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.He saved money every month 　so that he could buy a new computer　 （以便他能买一台新电脑）. 2.　It occurred to me that　 （我突然想起） I had left my keys at home. 3.He hasn’t decided 　when to start his journey　 （什么时候开始他的旅程）. 维度一：品句填词 1.Gardeners need to be careful not to damage the 　roots　 （根） of plants when transplanting them. 2.Some 　myths　 （神话） are passed down from generation to generation through oral traditions. 3.There are some interesting 　legends　 （传说） about the origin of this unique festival. 4. The baby weighed 3.5 kilograms and measured 50 　centimetres　 （厘米） in length at birth. 5.The two cities are 　linked　 （连接） together by a newly built highway. 6.The 　primitive　 （原始的） tools used by early humans were made from stone， bone， and wood. 7.One 　characteristic　 （特征） of great leaders is their ability to inspire others. 8.The language is spoken by people worldwide　， making it a truly global language. 9.Some animals can detect　 the approach of an earthquake through changes in the environment. 维度二：词形转换 1.The magician’s performance was 　amazing　 （amaze）， and the audience couldn’t stop applauding. 2.　Surprisingly　 （surprise）， the team won the game against a much stronger opponent. 3.The two sisters dress 　similarly　 （similar）， often making people mistake them for each other. 4.Players should pay attention to preventing 　injuries　 （injure） during the intense competition. 5.She has a strong 　belief　 （believe） that she will achieve her dream one day. 6.We should not judge a person only by his 　appearance　 （appear）， but by his inner qualities. 7.With the development of technology， 　communication　 （communicate） has become much more convenient. 8.We should respect 　cultural　 （culture） differences when we interact with people from other countries. 9.Scientists are working hard to develop more advanced 　detection　 （detect） methods. 10.The Great Wall is a major tourist 　attraction　 （attract） in China， drawing millions of visitors every year. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.　With time going by　 （随着时间的流逝）， the relationship between the two neighbors becomes closer and closer. 2.　It’s reported　 （据报道） that the athlete has recovered from his injury and is ready to compete. 3.The students left the dormitory quickly 　so that they could catch the first bus　 （以便他们能赶上第一班公共汽车） to the exam site. 4.Her way of speaking 　is very similar to　 （非常类似） her mother’s， gentle and soft-toned. 5.It’s necessary to 　communicate with　 （与……交流） your colleagues when working on a project. 6.The heavy rain 　was to blame for　 （对……负有责任） the cancellation of the outdoor activity. 7.Many people choose to 　link their bank cards to　 （把他们的银行卡和……绑定） their WeChat Pay for convenience. 8.The farmer used a stick to 　drive away　 （驱赶） the birds that were eating his crops. 9.　In the end　 （最后）， they overcame all the difficulties and completed the project successfully. 10.The zoo has many animals， pandas 　in particular　 （尤其）， which attract a lot of visitors. 维度四：一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.decline A.n.减少，下降　 B.v.减少，下降　 C.v.婉拒 ①She declined the invitation to the party because she had a prior engagement. 　　C　 ②The population of this small town has been declining in the past three years. 　　B　 ③There has been a gradual decline in the number of tourists visiting the small town. 　　A　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 2.The root of the problem lies in the lack of communication between the two parties. 　n.根源，起因　 3.The legend on the map clearly indicates the different types of roads. 　n.图例　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　To adapt to climate change， some flowers are darkening their color to protect themselves from the sun’s radiation， new research shows. 　　The study suggests that over the past 75 years， the ultraviolet （UV） pigments （紫外线色素） in flowers have increased in response to rising temperatures and the thinning ozone layer （臭氧层）.The flowers won’t look any different to humans， but insects consider the higher levels of UV pigments as a darker color， which could be confusing when they try to find out colorful flowers to land on. 　　The UV-absorbing pigments in flowers work like sunscreen and protect sensitive cells from harmful radiation， Matthew Koski， a plant ecologist at Clemson University， says.He and his team hoped to determine if changes in pigments were a result of environmental change — and if so， what were the plants responding to？ The team collected dried， pressed plants across North America， Australia and Europe.In total， they studied 1，238 samples from 42 different species dating back to 1941.Then， using a UV-sensitive camera， they photographed flower petals from each species.Next， they paired the photographs with the historic local temperature and ozone level data from the time the plant was picked to see how the pigment level changed over time. 　　The researchers found that the changes in pigments differ between species， a result of the flowers structure.Flowers with open， exposed pollen had more UV-absorbing pigments when ozone levels were low and radiation was high.But flowers with pollen surrounded by the petal responded to temperatures， not ozone levels. 　　As climate change continues to intensify， these changes in flowers color can affect plant-insect interactions.When the whole flowers get darker， insects might miss the flowers entirely.“This has a negative influence on plant reproduction，” Koski says. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，为了适应气候变化，一些花的颜色正在变深。 1.What is the cause of flowers color changing according to the research？（　　） A.The impact of the climate crisis. B.The loss of natural habitats. C.The harm of nuclear radiation. D.The thickening of the ozone layer. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，为了适应气候变化，一些花朵正在加深颜色以保护自己免受太阳辐射，所以花朵颜色变化的原因是气候危机的影响。 2.How did Koski’s team get their findings？（　　） A.By collecting photographs of flowers from different species. B.By analyzing how levels of UV pigments change over time. C.By collecting abundant samples from various species. D.By analyzing historic local temperature and ozone level data. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，研究团队将紫外线敏感相机拍摄的花瓣照片与采摘植物时的当地历史温度和臭氧水平数据配对，分析紫外线色素水平如何随时间变化，从而得出研究结果。 3.What can we learn about the change in pigments？（　　） A.It exists in flowers with exposed pollen only. B.It responds to temperatures and sea levels. C.It remains the same regardless of species. D.It varies depending on the flowers structure. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，色素的变化因物种而异，是花朵结构导致的，即色素变化取决于花朵的结构。 4.What is Koski’s attitude toward the change in flowers color？（　　） A.Concerned.　 B.Indifferent. C.Unclear.　 D.Optimistic. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Koski说的话可知，Koski 认为花朵颜色变化对植物繁殖有负面影响，说明他对花朵颜色变化持担忧态度。 B 　　As we all know， trees are always stationary： they stay more or less where you plant them， and no one worries about finding a tree wandering around a park or back yard. 　　However， there is one special exception， some say： the so-called walking palm tree （棕榈树） was found in the rainforests of Central and South America.Many people believe it can really walk around.This is because of its unusual root system： while most trees have one trunk， the palm breaks into many smaller roots a few feet off the ground， giving it the appearance of many little legs. 　　The amazing walking ability of the palm tree has always been told by rainforest guides to tourists for years， and appears in many sources of documents as an amazing plant adaptation.As journalist Sherry Seethaler writes in her book Curious Folks Ask 2： “Screen writers searching for the perfect B-movie （小成本电影） plant hero could take inspiration from the walking palm.The tree slowly walks from shade to sunlight by growing new roots toward the light.” 　　A tree that walks in search of the sun is a fascinating， strange story.And it’s not true either； the tree is real enough， but it doesn’t walk.It sits where it began to grow， not moving except under the force of wind or an axe. 　　Biologist Gerardo Avalos is one of the world’s top experts on the palm tree.His analysis of the plant and its roots shows that the walking tree can’t walk because its roots don’t move.A few roots on one side or another may die off， but the trunk itself remains， well， rooted to the spot. 　　“My paper proves that the belief of the walking palm is just a myth，” Avalos said.“Thinking that a palm tree could actually track the sunlight changes by moving slowly over the forest floor ... is a myth that tourist guides find amusing to tell visitors to the rainforest.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。许多人都相信中美洲和南美洲的热带雨林中的棕榈树会行走，而相关研究发现这些树实际上并不能行走。 5.What is the reason for no worries about wandering trees？（　　） A.Trees are not always standing. B.Trees are not always moving. C.Trees are not always growing. D.Trees are not always dying. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，人们不用担心树会四处游荡，是因为树一直是静止的，即不会四处移动。 6.Why do people think the palm tree can walk around？（　　） A.It has no roots underground. B.It appears to have several trunks. C.It grows a few feet off the ground. D.It appears to have many little legs. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，人们认为棕榈树能行走是因为它的根系不同寻常，在离地面几英尺的地方分成许多小根，看起来像许多小腿。 7.What can we learn about the palm tree from the passage？（　　） A.It wanders around the rainforest at night. B.It grows in Central and North America. C.It is a popular attraction among visitors. D.It grows well in the shade of the rainforests. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，多年来雨林导游一直向游客讲述棕榈树惊人的 “行走” 能力，这表明它在游客中是一个很受欢迎的景点。 8.What does biologist Gerardo Avalos believe？（　　） A.The palm tree cannot actually walk at all. B.The palm tree can move its roots. C.The palm tree can track the sunlight. D.The palm tree cannot keep its trunk growing. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，生物学家 Gerardo Avalos 认为棕榈树实际上根本不能行走，因为它的根不会移动。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　No matter where you go， you’ll notice something strange about trees — the fact that their bottoms are painted white.Generally speaking， the purpose of whitewashing is to protect trees from heat and insects.9.（　　）.Let’s check them out！ 　　Blocking the sun 　　You might sometimes notice that some tree trunks’ surfaces get dry and crack easily.10.（　　）.Simply put， they are exposed to the burning sun and the temperatures change wildly between day and night.Fortunately， painting a tree’s trunk white is similar to adding sunscreen， which helps block the sun. 　　Heat protection 　　11.（　　）.White paint reflects the heat and allows trees to spend more time on transpiration （蒸腾） and growing their fruits.Additionally， when trees are cooler， they have less stress， which makes their stomata （气孔） stay open a bit longer for the exchange of gases. 　　Defending against pests 　　More often than not， a tree’s surface will crack， allowing insects to creep inside.12.（　　）.Therefore， people whitewash trees using latex paint and water， which prevents insects from climbing up trees and entering inside through the cracks. 　　13.（　　） 　　Last but not least， the surface of trees is painted white to make them more visible， specifically for those on the side of the road.Why is that important？ Because accidents involving trees are extremely common， especially during the night， when drivers can not see them much more clearly. A.Stopping accidents B.Improving visibility C.Whitewashing is a good way to solve the problem D.The cause of this phenomenon has already been found E.Whitewashing helps young trees remain cool in spring F.However， there’re many other reasons for whitewashing trees G.Bacteria will feed on the tree’s inner parts， eventually killing it 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了树木底部被粉刷成白色的原因。 9.F　上文提到给树底部刷白一般是为了保护树木免受高温和昆虫侵害，下文又列举了其他给树刷白的原因，如阻挡阳光、防热、防虫等。F项（然而，给树刷白还有许多其他原因）承上启下，符合语境。 10.D　上文指出一些树干表面容易干裂，下文解释原因是它们暴露在烈日下，昼夜温差大。D项（这种现象的原因已经被找到了）承上启下，符合语境。 11.E　此段小标题是Heat protection，E项（刷白有助于幼树在春天保持凉爽）体现了刷白与保持树木凉爽（防热）的关系，符合该段主题。 12.G　上文提到树木表面会开裂，让昆虫爬进去，G项（细菌会以树的内部为食，最终杀死它）进一步说明了昆虫进入树木后可能导致的后果。 13.B　该段主要讲述给树刷白能使树更显眼，尤其是在路边的树，能减少涉及树木的事故。B项 （提高可见度）能够准确概括该段内容，适合作为小标题。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 　　假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校即将举办“美丽校园”短视频大赛。请你用英文写一份邀请函，请国际班的学生参加比赛，内容包括： 　　（1）比赛目的；（2）视频要求。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式作答。 Dear students， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours sincerely， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear students， 　　I would like to invite you all to participate in a short video contest with the theme “Beautiful Campus”. 　　The contest is a great chance to show the beauty of our campus and share your unique perspectives of our school.Please note that the short video should be related to our campus and school life.Besides， subtitles and music can be added to make it more colorful.All the short videos must be made within three minutes and in MP4 form， which should be uploaded to the campus website by December 30th.The top ten with the most likes will be rewarded afterwards. 　　Looking forward to your participation. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $