UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Using language(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦过去将来时核心知识点，系统梳理“would+动词原形”“was/were going to+动词原形”等五种构成形式，通过教材典句与生活实例建立与一般过去时、一般将来时的联系，搭建从形式识别到意义理解再到语境运用的学习支架。 资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为指导，通过“先感悟—会发现—善归纳”阶梯式活动培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层设计单句语法填空、语篇填空及写作练习，课中助力教师高效教学，课后帮助学生巩固时态用法，查漏补缺提升学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Using language 过去将来时 　　My grandpa was sixty-eight.In two years he would be① seventy.My grandma told us she was going to go② to the north for the holiday with my grandpa.And she said that we were to meet③ them at 8： 00 at the airport.The day we started， my grandpa phoned my mother and me that the plane was taking off④ at 10： 00 in the morning.However， we were about to set off⑤ when my father was informed that he would go to Beijing on business at once.So we had to travel without my father. 　　上面语段中①处使用 “would＋动词原形”表示过去将来时；②处使用“was going to＋动词原形”表示过去将来时；③处使用“were＋动词不定式”表示过去将来时；④处使用“was＋doing”表示过去将来时；⑤处使用“were about to＋动词原形”表示过去将来时。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 　　过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间或过去的观点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）Sadly， Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924， although his body would not be found until many years later. ②I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know. ③We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. ④He told me that he was going to buy a new shirt the next day. ⑤They said goodbye， little knowing that they were never to meet again. ⑥He was leaving for Shanghai in a few days. 【会发现】 （1）以上各句中黑体部分都使用了　过去将来　时态。 （2）句①②中过去将来时的构成是：would＋　动词原形　。 （3）句③中过去将来时的构成是：were＋　动词-ing形式　。 （4）句④中过去将来时的构成是：　was＋going to ＋动词原形。 （5）句⑤表示注定要发生的事情，构成为：　were never to meet　。 （6）句⑥谓语动词为　was leaving　，位移动词leave可以用was/were doing的形式表示过去将来时。 【善归纳】 1.“would＋动词原形”常表示根据过去计划或安排即将发生的事。 2.“was/were＋going to＋动词原形”表示过去的打算和意图。 3.表示“位置转移”或“起止”的动词（如come， go， leave， arrive， start等），其过去进行时可表示过去将来时。 4.条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 名师点津 （1）“would＋动词原形”也可表示过去的某种习惯行为。 He would sit for hours doing nothing. 他过去常常会坐上几个小时，无所事事。 （2）“was/were＋going to＋动词原形”还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。 It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①Just as they 　were leaving　 （leave）， the rebels started shelling. ②She opened the door to her bedroom， thinking how restorative a hot bath 　would feel　 （feel） tonight. ③The teacher said that it 　would be　 （be） very difficult to make progress if Tom didn’t work hard. ④She said she was 　to clean　 （clean） the classroom after school. ⑤We discussed when the general meeting of the whole staff was 　to be held　 （hold）. ⑥He said that he 　was going/would go　 （go） to borrow books from the library the next day. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Miss Zhang said she 　would visit　 （visit） the Great Wall the next summer. 2.Whenever she had time， she 　would help　 （help） them with their work. 3.She told him that she 　would not stay　 （not stay） here for long. 4.She said that the summer holiday 　was coming　 （come） the next week. 5.I was about 　to go　 （go） to bed when the telephone rang. 6.Jack told me that he 　would go　 （go） back to his native country the next month. 7.He hurried into the carriage. The train 　was leaving　 （leave） in a few minutes. 8.It was reported that a new bridge 　would be built　 （build） across the Yangtze River the next year. 9.Now we can’t do many things without the Internet. But no one could imagine the part it was 　to play　 （play） in our daily lives 20 years ago. 10.Hannah begged Annie not to tell anyone else what they had said， and Annie said she 　would keep　 （keep） her secret. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.我不知道他第二天是否会来。 I didn’t know if he 　would come the next day　. 2.他们想知道她会怎样处理这些花。 They wanted to know how she 　would deal with　 the flowers. 3.汤姆说他打算第二天去参观那所学校。 Tom said that 　he was going to visit that school　 the next day. 4.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。 The teacher said that it 　would be very difficult　 to make progress if I didn’t work hard. 1.unaware adj.未觉察到的，未意识到的 教材原句　At first， the waters of the strait were calm and we spent our days working， fishing and playing cards， happily unaware that we wouldn’t be back for a very long time. 起初，海峡的水平静，我们整天工作、钓鱼、打牌，很快乐，却没有意识到我们可能很长时间都回不去了。 【用法】 （1）be/become unaware of/that ...　　　不知道/未意识到…… （2）aware adj.　　知道的；意识到的 be/become aware of/that ...　　知道/明白/意识到…… make sb aware of/that ...　　让某人知道/意识到…… （3）awareness n.　　意识；知道 raise one’s awareness of ...　　唤起某人……的意识 【佳句】　This campaign aims to make people aware of the importance of recycling in daily lives. 这项活动旨在让人们意识到日常生活中回收的重要性。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She was aware 　of　 a tall dark figure watching her ahead， which made her feel upset. ②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）This is why Campbell has set out to raise 　awareness　 （aware） of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. 【写美】　完成句子 ③他们默默地听着，知道任何安抚她的努力只会增加她的烦恼。 They listened in silence， 　aware that any attempt to calm her would only increase her annoyance　. （心理描写） 2.injury n.伤，损害 教材原句　Work in pairs.Offer first aid advice for injuries or illness in Activity 5. 两人一组。为活动5中的伤病或疾病提供急救建议。 【用法】 （1）injury to ...　　　　　　对……的伤害 do sb an injury/do an injury to sb　　伤害某人 （2）injure vt.　　伤害 （3）injured adj.　　受伤的 the injured　　伤者 【佳句】　Though injured in the leg， he was determined to finish the marathon. 尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。 【点津】　the injured作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 A road accident happened at the crossing yesterday.The injured were sent to a nearby hospital. 昨天十字路口发生了一起交通事故。伤者被送到附近的一家医院。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Proper warm-up exercises can prevent injury 　to　 muscles during sports activities. ②The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows， offered first aid to the 　injured　 （injure） and then rushed them to the nearest hospital. ③　Being injured　 （injure） in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 【写美】　完成句子 ④我很抱歉地告诉你：我不得不改变我们七月去云南旅游的计划，因为我的左脚受伤了。 I’m feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July， 　because my left foot got injured　. 维度一：基础题型练 1.Relying wholeheartedly on the working class is the Party’s basic 　guideline　 （指导方针） all the time. 2.The former fishing village has now become an important 　port　 （港口）. 3.Many tourists were completely 　unaware　 （未觉察到的） of the cultural differences until they caused misunderstandings. 4.She cut the colorful 　cloth　 （布） into heart shapes to make DIY handkerchiefs. 5.When the temperature drops below zero， this 　liquid　 （液体） will turn into solid crystals. 6.The nurse changed his 　bandage　 （绷带） carefully to avoid touching the wounded area. 7.He drank too much alcohol　 last night and missed the important meeting. 8.The football player suffered several minor injuries　 during the match， but none were serious. 9.The Silk Road stretches　 across Asia and Europe， connecting different cultures for centuries. 维度二：语法与写作 1.当他还是个孩子时，他常常和朋友在这个公园玩耍。 When he was a child， he 　would play with his friends　 in this park. 2.我刚要放弃，这时突然想到了解决办法。 I 　was about to give up when　 the solution came to me. 3.上周日我们本想去游览长城的，但下雨了。 Last Sunday 　we were going to visit the Great Wall　， but it rained. 4.老师说我们第二天要去参观故宫，这让我很兴奋，因为我一直都想去那里。 The teacher said that we 　would visit/were going to visit/were to visit　 the Forbidden City the next day， which made me excited because I had always wanted to go there. 5.汤姆正要关窗户，这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 Tom 　was about to close the window when　 his attention was caught by a bird. 6.她说她要来参加晚会，这使我们很高兴。 She said she 　was coming to the party　， which made us very happy. 7.他说他要安排一周后和他哥哥一起度假。 He said that he 　would arrange his holiday/was going to arrange his holiday/was to arrange his holiday　 with his elder brother in a week. 8.我被告知在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，并且颁奖典礼将在两天后举行。 I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there 　would be an award presentation　 in two days. 维度三：语法与语篇 阅读下面短文，从括号中选择恰当的词汇填空。 　　Three days ago， my boss sent me to Oxford.Before I set off， I called my nephew Jackson， who was studying in Oxford University.I told him that I 1.　was going　 （will go/was going） to Oxford for a business meeting and 2.　would see　 （would see/had seen） him after it.Hearing that， he was excited and told me that he 3.　would show　 （will show/would show） me around his campus.We met each other at a coffee shop.As we talked， Jackson told me that he 4.　would be offered　 （would be offered/would offer） a job by a top company as soon as he graduated， which surprised me a lot.I thought that his parents 5.　would be　 （had been/would be） happy as well after hearing the news.I’m proud of Jackson and I 6.　will ask　 （will ask/would ask） my son to learn from him. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·广东广州高一下期末）“It was written in some sense，” that National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialised detectors and telescopes.“I’m not going to lie， my father was a physicist.My mother was an astronomer.But no kid wants to be like their parents，” she jokes， semi-seriously. 　　Chiang always enjoyed building things.It wasn’t unusual for her to disassemble her father’s research equipment and put it back together like a child engineer.She thanks， in part， her short attention span for her evolving curiosity： “I am always looking for something.” 　　For the last few years， Chiang has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence — the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago — and she’s building her own equipment to do it.As a professor of physics at McGill University， she focuses on peering beyond the universe as it is known today， into its distant past， using novel radio technology. 　　Initially， Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle （粒子） physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California Institute of Technology.“It was complete chaos.There are specialised equipment and tools everywhere.I didn’t know about observational cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is， I want to do that.’” 　　“This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the work I was doing before，” Chiang recalls.“I had never done radio before but I thought， ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了国家地理探索者Cynthia Chiang的背景、兴趣、职业道路以及她在观测宇宙学领域的研究工作。 1.What is the intention of Cynthia Chiang’s joke in paragraph 1？（　　） A.To illustrate her pursuit. B.To prove her innocence. C.To show her parents’ achievements. D.To reflect her attitude to her parents. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及下文对她职业的介绍可知，作者提到Cynthia Chiang的笑话是为了引出她自己的职业追求。 2.Why did Cynthia Chiang decide to pursue observational cosmology？（　　） A.She was inspired by a lab. B.She wanted to pursue her PhD. C.She wanted to build radio telescopes. D.She had a lifelong interest in astronomy. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，Cynthia Chiang原本计划攻读粒子物理学博士，但在参观了加州理工学院的实验室后，她改变了方向，决定从事她当时并不了解的观测宇宙学。 3.Which words can be used to describe Cynthia Chiang？（　　） A.Sensible and reliable. B.Hardworking and considerate. C.Adventurous and determined. D.Knowledgeable and talented. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段首句以及第四段内容可知，Cynthia Chiang敢于尝试新的领域并决定从事观测宇宙学。由此可推断出，她是一个有冒险精神和决心的人。 4.What is the best title for this passage？（　　） A.The Influence of Family on Career Choices B.Overcoming Challenges in Scientific Research C.The Evolution of a Scientist’s Interests D.Innovations in Radio Technology 解析：C　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段内容可知，文章主要讲述了Cynthia Chiang从小时候的兴趣到后来的职业选择，以及她在不同阶段的变化和决定。这反映了她兴趣的演变过程。所以C项（一个科学家兴趣的演变）最适合作本文的标题。 B 　　（2025·河南郑州高一下期末）Tom Turcich， an adventurer from New Jersey， returned to his hometown with his dog， Savannah， after traveling around the world for seven years.They were greeted by a huge homecoming celebration in Haddon Township with Turcich officially becoming the 10th person on record to walk around the world， and Savannah， the first dog to do so.While he was thrilled to have won the honour， Turcich stressed that this was never really his goal. 　　The journey had seen the pair walk across 38 countries， including Chile， Panama and Kazakhstan， together.Turcich remained extremely happy for the next three months as he took in his unbelievable achievement.“Crossing the finish line felt like paradise，” he said.“And everything was perfect.” 　　However， as that real high began to fade （消退）， he faced a difficult reality.“Life goes on，” he noted， realising how hard it was to adjust to life without the focus of his journey.“I had this realisation when I was walking to the park with Savannah，” he said.“This thing that had been my life forever was over.But then life kept going on， and you can just live life without this greater purpose.And then it became really difficult.” 　　Things came to a head when he moved to Seattle with Savannah.Since completing the challenge， he’s been contacted （联系） by others who hope to achieve the same thing.So Turcich wrote the book The World Walk about his experiences during the amazing trip.Turcich said his main goal was to encourage people to be a little more curious about places and a little more trusting of the world.“I just create a book that readers would enjoy，” he added.“Just tell a good story about a man and his dog walking around the world.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了经过七年的艰难行程，Tom Turcich和他的小狗Savannah终于完成了环球旅行，但短暂的喜悦之后，Turcich对生活失去了方向。于是，他将自己周游世界的经历写成一本书，激励人们积极探索这个世界。 5.What can be learned about Turcich and his dog？（　　） A.They got first pick of the prizes. B.They remained in Chile for nine months. C.They set a record on a world tour. D.They were the first to journey to Haddon. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，Turcich和他的小狗创造了环游世界的纪录。 6.What does the underlined word “thrilled” in paragraph 1 mean？（　　） A.Afraid.　 B.Excited. C.Unsure.　 D.Helpful. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句可知，因为这项成就，Turcich高兴的心情维持了三个月。由此可知，当时得到这个荣誉的时候，他非常兴奋和激动，画线词与Excited的意思最接近。 7.How did Turcich feel when the happiness of success faded？（　　） A.Promising.　 B.Overproud. C.Purposeless.　 D.Undervalued. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在喜悦消退之后，Turcich不得不面对没有更大的目标的生活，日子变得困难。由此可推知，他丧失了目标，感到有些迷茫。 8.Why did Turcich write the book？（　　） A.To encourage others to explore the world. B.To tell people how to create fun stories. C.To show the hardships he faced in the trip. D.To share useful tips on raising cute dogs. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Turcich said his main goal was ... a little more trusting of the world.可知，Turcich写书是为了鼓励人们积极探索世界。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·山东聊城高一下期末）In the fall of 1522， a leaky ship made port in Spain with 18 tired crewmen， all that survived of some 240 who’d manned a bold trade mission. 　　Charles I， the young Spanish king， was no longer willing to 　　9　 overland trade routes for the spice that was so 　　10　 in Europe.He appointed an expedition （探险队） to find a new 　　11　 to Pacific islands rich with spices， and as captain he hired Ferdinand Magellan， a skilled Portuguese sailor who 　　12　 believed the Earth was round， a theory not yet 　　13　. 　　The fleet was to find a westward route to the Spice Islands， and 　　14　 the same way.They also were to focus on trade routes and 　　15　 conquest （征服） and religion.Magellan wouldn’t obey the 　　16　， with disastrous and historic results.In September 1519， five ships set sail， 　　17　 to collect nearly 550 tons of spices in two years. 　　The voyage stretched to three years.They survived with the 　　18　 of Indigenous people they met， treating some 　　19　 but others cruelly or violently.Quitting trade for conquest， Magellan 　　20　 an island in the Philippines and was 　　21　 in the surf.A new captain， Juan Sebasetin Elcano， guided the Victoria home with an unplanned 　　22　： proof that the Earth was round. 　　The first voyage of the globe — a 　　23　 feat （丰功伟绩） of exploration and science — changed the world forever， sparking globalization and abuse of colonization for centuries to come. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了世界上第一次环球航行的过程和证明地球是圆的这一理论的经过。 9.A.give up　 B.rely on C.look for　 D.test out 解析：B　根据下文He appointed an expedition（探险队） to find a new ... rich with spices可知，查理一世不愿意再依靠陆路贸易路线来获取欧洲受欢迎的香料了。 10.A.abundant　 B.common C.attractive　 D.popular 解析：D　根据上下文可知，查理一世国王任命了一支探险队去香料丰富的太平洋岛屿进行贸易活动，将香料带回来。由此可知，香料在欧洲很受欢迎。 11.A.direction　 B.access C.route　 D.entrance 解析：C　根据上文overland trade routes可知，指国王想派人去寻找一条新路线来获取香料。 12.A.firmly　 B.reluctantly C.slightly　 D.nervously 解析：A　根据上文a skilled Portuguese sailor可知，麦哲伦是一位技术熟练的水手，坚信地球是圆的。 13.A.declared　 B.proved C.analysed　 D.evaluated 解析：B　根据倒数第二段中的proof that the Earth was round可知，地球是圆的这个理论当时尚未得到证实。 14.A.sail　 B.continue C.follow　 D.return 解析：D　根据上下文可知，去的航线和返回的航线是一致的。 15.A.avoid　 B.perform C.launch　 D.promote 解析：A　根据上文focus on trade routes可知，这次航行的重点是贸易航线，而不是为了征服和传教。 16.A.timetable　 B.schedule C.order　 D.custom 解析：C　根据下文with disastrous and historic results可知，麦哲伦没有服从命令，从而造成了灾难性和历史性的后果。 17.A.failing　 B.waiting C.intending　 D.stopping 解析：C　根据上下文可知，这次航行打算在两年内收集近550吨香料。 18.A.help　 B.agreement C.gratitude　 D.relief 解析：A　根据上下文可知，探险的旅程很艰辛，他们在遇到的土著人的帮助下幸存下来。 19.A.equally　 B.fairly C.seriously　 D.carefully 解析：B　根据下文but others cruelly or violently可知，他们残酷或暴力地对待其他人，but表示转折，指他们公正地对待一些人。 20.A.searched　 B.flooded C.attacked　 D.abandoned 解析：C　根据上文Quitting trade for conquest可知，为了征服而放弃贸易，麦哲伦袭击了菲律宾的一个岛屿。 21.A.defeated　 B.swallowed C.trapped　 D.killed 解析：D　根据下文A new captain， Juan Sebasetin Elcano， guided the Victoria home ...可知，在这次袭击中，麦哲伦在海浪中丧生。 22.A.achievement　 B.expectation C.dream　 D.process 解析：A　根据上文a skilled Portuguese sailor who ... a theory not yet 和空后的proof that the Earth was round可知，这次航行取得了一项意外的成就：证明地球是圆的。 23.A.mysterious　 B.remarkable C.predictable　 D.strange 解析：B　根据下文changed the world forever可知，这次航行是非凡的。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2025·河南洛阳高一下期末） The race to the South Pole was between Captain Scott and the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.Captain Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica on 1 June 1910.On his way to Antarctica， he received a message from Amundsen 24.　　 said he was going south， too.Then the race began. 　　To get prepared for their journeys the next year， both teams organised their food 25.　　 （base） during the polar summer of 1910－1911.Then came the total 26.　　 （dark） of the polar winter.The two explorers waited 27.　　 （anxious） for spring.The first to leave was Amundsen， who set off on 8 September 1911， with teams of dogs 28.　　 （pull） the sledges.All his men were on skis.Because of this， he made rapid progress.On 1 November， Scott left and soon 29.　　 （have） problems.His two sledges broke down and then the horses had difficulties with the snow and the cold.As 30.　　 result， Scott and his men had to push the sledges 31.　　 （them）.So， when Scott and his four team members finally arrived at the Pole， they were shocked to see the Norwegian flag there.They realised that they had failed to win the race. 　　Then， they prepared for the return journey.It was one of the 32.　　 （bad） in the history of exploration.They had to face 800 miles of hard pushing.They were soon very tired and what was worse， they were running out 33.　　 food.Unfortunately， they didn’t make it to their food base.The news of Scott’s death was really shocking.But the great courage shown by Scott and his team members made them heroes. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯科特船长和挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的南极探索之旅。 24.which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是message，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which/that引导从句。 25.bases　考查名词复数。根据their food可知，空处需填名词，此处指两队的食物补给基地，故用可数名词base的复数形式。 26.darkness　考查名词。根据the total可知，空处需填名词darkness，意为“黑暗”，表示抽象含义，是不可数名词。 27.anxiously　考查副词。根据动词waited可知，空处需填副词anxiously作状语，修饰动词。 28.pulling　考查非谓语动词。根据with teams of dogs可知，此处是with的复合结构，teams of dogs和pull之间是逻辑主动关系，pull用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。 29.had　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少谓语动词，根据On 1 November， Scott left and可知，此处并列的谓语动词应用一般过去时。 30.a　考查冠词。as a result表示“作为结果”，符合句意。 31.themselves　考查反身代词。根据上文His two sledges broke down and then the horses had difficulties with the snow and the cold.可知，他的两辆雪橇坏了，马匹在大雪和寒冷中遇到了困难，所以他们不得不自己推着雪橇，故用反身代词themselves。 32.worst　考查形容词最高级。one of the ＋形容词最高级＋（名词复数）表示“最……之一”，形容词最高级worst符合句意。 33.of　考查介词。run out of sth表示“用完，耗尽某物”。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $