UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（外研版）

本讲义围绕“善意的谎言”主题展开高中英语阅读与语言应用教学，通过Pre-reading问题导入激活背景知识，While-reading分“析架构、知细节、析难句”三步搭建文本理解支架，Post-reading结合思维拓展与语法填空实现知识内化，形成“导入-理解-应用”的完整学习脉络。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如细节理解题提升信息抓取能力，难句分析强化语法应用，思维拓展问题（如谎言与善意谎言的区别）促进批判性思考。课中助力教师引导学生深度解读文本，课后通过词汇集释、句型练习等帮助学生巩固语言知识，查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas Pre-reading What will happen if someone tells a lie？ Can you show any examples？ 　If someone tells a lie， people may stop trusting them.For example， if a student lies about doing the homework， the teacher might not believe him/ her next time.　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.What is the function of the first paragraph？（　　） A.To introduce the topic of the whole passage. B.To deepen the understanding of white lies. C.To remind the readers of the damage of white lies. D.To analyse why people like telling white lies. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 2？（　　） A.Being honest means you are valuable. B.We tell lies so as to protect others. C.Honest men say they never tell lies. D.White lies have a kind original intention. 3.Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？（　　） A.Because white lies make ourselves feel better. B.Because white lies are always encouraging. C.Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions. D.Because all the white lies are kind and understandable. 4.Which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？（　　） A.Your haircut looks good. B.You sing a wonderful song. C.The meal you cooked is delicious. D.My day is fine.Don’t worry. 5.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（　　） A.All the white lies are good for our lives. B.All the white lies are bad for our lives. C.Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance. D.If we tell a white lie， we will lose our best friends. 6.What is the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”？（　　） A.Approving. B.Disapproving. C.Cautious. D.Neutral. 答案：1－6　ADCBCC 第三步：析难句表达升级 1.We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？ 句式分析： 本句为but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是复合句，that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong是由连词and连接的并列的　宾语　从句。第二个分句也是复合句，that they’ve never told a lie为that引导的　宾语　从句。 自主翻译：　我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？　 2.However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？ 句式分析：本句为主从复合句。when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good和when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate均为when引导的　时间状语　从句；that someone’s haircut looks good和that we love a meal都是that引导的　宾语　从句；that we secretly hate为that引导的　定语　从句，修饰先行词　meal　。 自主翻译：　但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？　 3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 句式分析：本句为复合句。you said was “delicious”为　省略了关系代词that/which的定语　从句；every time you visit为every time引导的　时间状语　从句。 自主翻译：　也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。　 Post-reading 第一步：拓思维品质提升 1.What do you think is the difference between a lie and a white lie？ 　A lie refers to a statement that deviates or perverts others from the truth.A white lie refers to an unimportant lie， especially one told to be thoughtful or polite.　 2.Should we tell white lies？ 　It depends on what we will tell.If it brings some bad results， I think we’d better tell the truth.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong，1.　but　 sometimes we tell white lies to protect others from the truth.There are three main reasons for 2.　telling　 （tell） white lies.First，white lies can make others feel 3.　better　 （good）.When we lie and say someone’s haircut looks good， we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 4.　disappointment　 （disappoint） and anger of others.Another reason is 5.　to give　 （give） encouragement.For example，when you 6.　are asked　 （ask） what you think of his singing by your friend，you of course will say it is wonderful， despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.In fact， perhaps your friend needs some frank 7.　comments　 （comment）.Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If you 8.　have had　 （have） a bad day， you might hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine” so that your parents wouldn’t worry about you.9.　However　， wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice？One day we may find even white lies have results we cannot know 10.　in　 advance. Little White Lies 　　[1]Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott① remain② one of the most well-known excerpts③ of Scottish poetry④： 　　Oh， [2]what a tangled⑤ web⑥ we weave⑦， 　　When first we practise to deceive⑧！ 　　[1]过去分词短语作状语，write与句子主语these lines是逻辑上的动宾关系。 　　[2]what引导感叹句，其结构为：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！ 　　[3]We all know that honesty⑨ is an important value⑩ and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie⑪？ [4]Perhaps we comfort⑫ ourselves with the knowledge⑬ that most of the lies we tell are “white lies⑭”： little lies that we tell to protect⑮others from the truth. 　　[3]本句为but连接的并列复合句。在but前面的句子中，know 后面是that 引导的两个宾语从句，其中第二个that 不能省略；在but后面的句子中，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。 　　[4]本句是复合句。knowledge 后面是that 引导的同位语从句；we tell是定语从句； little lies后是that 引导的定语从句；to protect others from the truth为动词不定式短语作目的状语。 　　[5]We’ve all surely had the experience⑯ of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like. [6]The majority of⑰us of course don’t tell the truth⑱ — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”. 　　[5]本句是复合句。that we don’t like为that 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词meal。 　　[6]and 连接前后并列的两个谓语动词lie和say，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。 　　[7]Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut⑲， we say “It’s great！”， even if⑳we think it’s awful㉑. But to what extent㉒ can we justify㉓ telling white lies like these？ 　　[7]本句是复合句。asks us后面是what引导的宾语从句；even if 引导让步状语从句。 　　One of the main reasons㉔ for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.[8]However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation㉕ for someone else？ Perhaps we are in fact㉖ lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment㉗ and anger㉘ of others. 　　[8]本句是复合句。or 连接两个when 引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般疑问句，使用了现在进行时，However后面必须要加逗号。 　　Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement㉙.Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.[9]You of course say that it’s wonderful， despite㉚ secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. [10]Stop for a moment㉛ and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank㉜ comments㉝ from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. 　　[9]本句中despite 为介词，其后引导表示让步意义的短语结构，意义相当于although your cat can sing better。 　　[10]本句是复合句。主句为祈使句；consider后面的that引导宾语从句；so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词。 　　Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears㉞ and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter㉟， don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings？ Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice㊱？ 　　[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines， we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance㊲.[12]Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served㊳ every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing？ How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions㊴ if you only shared good news instead of bad？ Moreover㊵， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？ 　　[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines为动词-ing短语作状语，go与句子的主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系。 　　[12]you said was “delicious”为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词meal； every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……”。 ①Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特（英国著名的历史小说家和诗人） ②remain v.保持，仍是 ③excerpt n.摘录，节选 ④Scottish poetry 苏格兰诗歌 ⑤tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的 ⑥web n.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物 ⑦weave v.编，织 ⑧deceive v.欺骗 ⑨honesty n.诚实 ⑩value n.价值 ⑪tell a lie 说谎 ⑫comfort vt.安慰 ⑬knowledge n.知识；知晓，了解 ⑭white lies 善意的谎言 ⑮protect v.保护 　protect ...from ...　保护……免遭…… ⑯experience n.经历 ⑰the majority of 大多数 ⑱tell the truth 说实话 ⑲haircut n.发型 ⑳even if＝even though 即使 ㉑awful adj.糟糕的 ㉒to ...extent 在……程度上 ㉓justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护 ㉔one of the main reasons 主要原因之一 ㉕situation n.情况，形势 ㉖in fact＝as a matter of fact 事实上 ㉗disappointment n.失望 　disappoint vt.使失望 　disappointed adj.失望的 　disappointing adj.令人失望的 ㉘anger n.生气 　angry adj.生气的 ㉙encouragement n.鼓励 　encourage vt.鼓励 ㉚despite＝in spite of 尽管 ㉛for a moment 一会儿 ㉜frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 ㉝comment n.评论 ㉞tear n.眼泪，泪水 ㉟latter n.后者 ㊱ask for one’s advice 征求某人的意见 ㊲in advance 提前 ㊳serve v.提供，接待，服务 ㊴emotion n.情感 ㊵moreover adv.此外，而且 参考译文 善意的小小谎言 　　200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一： 　　啊，谎言一旦开始， 　　我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！ 　　我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。 　　我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说这道菜“很好吃”。 　　或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？ 　　说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。 　　说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他们知道自己需要换一个爱好了。 　　最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时候，我们可能也会说善意的谎言。假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？如果你选择隐瞒，难道你不觉得其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？ 　　回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评价是个谎言后，还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你还能期望他人真正理解你的情绪吗？而且，当你发现身边最亲近的人在对你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感受呢？ Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　do well in ...　　在……方面做得好 2.　tell a lie　　　说谎 3.　white lies　　　善意的谎言 4.　the majority of　　　大多数 5.　tell the truth　　　说实话 6.　one of the main reasons for ...　　　……的主要原因之一 7.　for a moment　　　一会儿 8.　ask for one’s advice　　　征求某人的意见；寻求某人的建议 9.　go back to　　　回到（原来的话题等） 10.　hide the truth from sb　　　对某人隐瞒真相 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to 　make others feel better　. （人们）说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。 2.Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you 　so that they can improve.Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. 停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他们知道自己需要换一个爱好了。 3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served 　every time you visit　. 也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。 核心词汇集释 1.frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 教材原句　Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。 【用法】 （1）to be frank　　　　　　　坦白说；坦率地说 to be frank with sb　　对某人坦白 （2）frankly adv.　　坦诚地，坦白说 frankly speaking　　坦白说；坦率地说 （3）to be honest＝honestly speaking　　老实说 to tell the truth　　说实话 【佳句】　To be frank， I am not satisfied with my performance in this exam. （告知信） 坦白说，我对自己这次考试的表现不满意。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He was completely frank 　with　 her about what happened. ②　Frankly　 （frank）， my father and I are extremely similar in personality. 【写美】　一句多译 ③老实说，他也想和他们交朋友。 →　To be honest　， he wanted to make friends with them too. →　Honestly speaking　， he wanted to make friends with them too. 2.tear n.眼泪，泪水 vt.（tore， torn）撕碎，扯破；扯掉 教材原句　If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ 假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？ 【用法】 （1）burst into tears＝burst out crying　　　突然大哭起来 hold back the tears　　忍住眼泪 move sb to tears　　使某人感动得流泪 in tears　　哭着；流泪 （2）tear up＝tear ...into pieces　　撕毁；撕碎 tear down　　拆除；拆掉 【佳句】　Her sincere apology moved him to tears， and he forgave her immediately. （情感描写） 她真诚的道歉使他感动得流泪，他立刻就原谅了她。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①After hearing the sad news， the old lady was 　in　 tears and couldn’t stop sobbing. ②They decided to tear 　down　 the old building to make space for a new park. ③She 　tore　 （tear） up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin. 【写美】　完成句子 ④他最后一句话太扎心了。她突然哭了起来，跑出了房间。 His last word went like a bullet to her heart.She 　burst into tears/burst out crying　， running out of the room. 3.apart adv.分离，分开adj.分开的，分离的 教材原句　As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each other with their quills， so they had to move apart.它们一开始靠近就互相用棘刺伤了对方，所以它们不得不分开。 【用法】 apart from　　　除……之外；除了……外（还有） take ...apart　　将……拆卸开/拆分 tell ...apart　　分辨出，辨别 tear ...apart　　使某人不快；撕毁某物 fall apart　　崩溃；土崩瓦解 set sb apart　　使某人与众不同 【佳句】　Linda likes being in red to set herself apart from the other girls. （人物描写） 琳达喜欢穿红色衣服，以使自己与其他女孩区别开来。 【点津】　apart from表示“除……之外”时，相当于except， except for；表示“除了……外（还有）”时，相当于besides， in addition to。 【练透】　选用上面短语填空 ①When the clock stopped， he 　took　 it 　apart　， found what was wrong， and put the whole thing together again. ②The twins were so alike that the teacher could not 　tell　 them 　apart　. ③His constant criticism started to 　tear　 her 　apart　， making her feel worthless. 【写美】　完成句子 ④除了以上原因，这也是我做一些志愿工作的好机会。 　Apart from/Besides/In addition to the reasons above　， it is also a good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.（申请信） 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句 教材原句　①Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. 停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他们知道自己需要换一个爱好了。 ②（译林必修二）They have worked for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyment！ 他们工作了数月甚至是数年，如此你们才能有两个小时的愉悦时光！ 【用法】 （1）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句常和情态动词may/might， can/could， should， would等连用。 （2）so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，主从句之间可用逗号隔开。 【佳句】　You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can make sense of what he says. （建议信） 你可以让老师讲慢一点，这样你就能理解他说的话了。 【点津】　in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，相当于so that，如果更正式，可以用“in order to＋动词原形”替换。 【写美】　微写作 ①她花了很多时间准备演讲，所以她在演讲比赛中获得了第一名。 She spent a lot of time preparing for the speech， 　so that she won the first prize in the speech contest　. ②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷） 我指着我的手机，并请他把他的电话号码给我，以便当我回到这里的时候可以联系他。 I pointed at my phone and asked him to give his phone number to me 　so that/in order that I could contact him when I came back here　. 2.句型公式：every time引导时间状语从句 教材原句　Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。 【用法】 句中every time you visit为名词词组every time引导的时间状语从句，every time相当于whenever，表示“每次……”。 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： （1）由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next time， any time等； （2）the＋瞬间名词： the minute/instant/moment等； （3）the＋时间名词：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter等。 【佳句】　I think of the happy time we spent together every time I see these photos. 每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。 【写美】　微写作/句型转换 ①下次你来时，一定要带上你的小女儿。 　Next time you come　， be sure to take your little daughter with you. ②他第一次来到这个城市，就决定在这里定居了。 　The first time he came to the city　， he decided to settle here. ③你不能每次头痛都叫医生。 You can’t keep calling the doctor 　every time you get a headache　. ④She burst into tears as soon as she heard of the accident. →She burst into tears 　the moment/minute/instant　 she heard of the accident. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.You’re 　deceiving　 （欺骗） yourself if you think he’ll change his mind. 2.Surrounded by people’s misunderstanding， he was at a loss what to say to 　justify　 （证明有道理） himself. 3.Villagers say the 　fence　 （围栏） would restrict public access to the hills. 4.A talented artist，he was，moreover　，a writer of children’s books. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.　To be frank　 （坦白说）， I don’t think this plan will work because it’s too complicated. 2.I decide to listen to and read more texts 　so that I can improve my listening quickly　 （这样我就可以快速提高我的听力）. 3.Although annoyed at what I did， my parents chose to forgive me 　every time I made a mistake　 （每次我犯错误的时候）. 维度一：品句填词 1.By practicing this strategy， my reading ability improves.　Moreover　 （而且）， my reading speed increases. 2.MSF is an 　independent　 （独立的） organization whose mission is to provide medical care to those affected by conflicts， epidemics or disasters. 3.To be 　frank　 （坦率的）， I was astonished by the size and complexity of the problem. 4.She was unable to 　justify　 （为……辩护） her action of leaving the important document in her car. 5.Would you like to help me take 　apart　 （拆分） the machine？ 6.When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake， the couple burst into 　tears　 （眼泪）. 7.The art of weaving　 has been passed down for generations in this small village. 8.The salesgirl was rude to the customer，so the latter　 complained to the manager about it. 维度二：词形转换 1.He was so angry that he 　tore　 （tear） the letter into pieces without even reading it carefully. 2.　Frankly　 （frank）， I don’t think this plan is practical enough and we need to make some adjustments. 3.The strings of the kite got 　tangled　 （tangle） together， and it took me a long time to sort them out. 4.We should encourage students to develop an 　independent　 （independence） learning ability so that they can adapt to different learning situations. 5.As the goods were damaged， she felt fully 　justified/justifiable　 （justify） in asking for her money back. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.　Every time I listen to this song　 （每次我听这首歌）， I feel relaxed and happy. 2.It seemed that his success happened 　by accident　 （偶然）， but actually it was the result of his years of efforts. 3.You’d better book the tickets 　in advance　 （提前）； otherwise， we may miss the chance to enjoy the concert to be performed by the singer. 4.Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them 　so that they can understand each other better　 （这样他们才能更好地互相理解）. 5.　The more you speak English　 （你英语说得越多），the better your English will become. 6.To be frank， my success is due to your generous help and guidance 　to a large/great extent　 （在很大程度上）， without which I would not have achieved what I have today. 维度四：一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.justify A.v.为……辩护　　B.v.证明……有道理 C.v.对……作出解释 ①The president said that no argument can justify a war. 　　B　 ②It is natural that we all justify our errors. 　　A　 ③The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament. 　　C　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的词性及词义 2.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） Nanxiang aside， the best xiao long bao have a fine skin， allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 　v.撕裂　 3.（2023·全国乙卷） Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major， I’m really good with computers. 　adv.除了　 4.Sections of these roads that are dangerous for road vehicles shall be fenced off. 　v.用栅栏隔开　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·江苏扬州高一下期中）Teens often find themselves in difficult situations with friends where they struggle to communicate their needs or their values.Even when their gut （直觉） is telling them that someone is crossing a line， they may struggle to express that the situation is making them uncomfortable.For this reason， parents need to work with their teens to establish boundaries （边界） with others. 　　Although boundaries are different for everyone， when done correctly， they help teens set limits with others in order to protect themselves.Setting boundaries allows teens to communicate with other people about what is OK and what is not OK with them and is important to teen friendships. 　　What are boundaries？ Boundaries are limits teens establish in order to protect themselves in some way from being hurt， manipulated （操纵）， or taken advantage of.As an expression of self-worth， boundaries let other people know who they are， what they value， and how they want to be treated.Additionally， boundaries help to create space between teens and other people when they need it. 　　Learning how to set boundaries — both physical and emotional — plays a key role in growing up.It’s also essential to developing friendships that are respectful， supportive and healthy.Unfortunately， though， many teens have trouble setting boundaries with their friends； and when this happens， it puts them at risk for everything from unhealthy friendships to bullying （霸凌） or abuse. 　　Of course， setting boundaries isn’t easy.It’s uncomfortable and forces teens to stand up for themselves.What’s more， communicating boundaries to other people can lead to difficult conversations or uncomfortable situations.However， it’s one of the most important things that teens need to learn how to do. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年在与朋友交往中建立边界的重要性，以及父母在帮助青少年建立这些边界时的角色和必要性。 1.Why do parents need to help their teens establish boundaries with others？（　　） A.Because teens have trouble making new friends. B.Because parents should communicate more with teens. C.Because teens may struggle to deal with uncomfortable situations. D.Because parents want to show that they care about their children. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，青少年在面对不舒服的情况时可能会挣扎，因此父母需要帮助他们建立边界。 2.What do boundaries show about teens according to paragraph 3？（　　） A.Their physical and mental health. B.Their levels of independence. C.Their ability to help others. D.Their self-worth and values. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，边界展示了青少年的自我价值和价值观。 3.What does the author think of setting boundaries？（　　） A.Easy.　 B.Important. C.Boring.　 D.Unnecessary. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句以及最后一段最后一句可推知，作者认为建立边界是重要的。 4.What is probably talked about following the last paragraph？（　　） A.The benefits of setting boundaries. B.The results of breaking boundaries. C.The reasons for keeping boundaries. D.The ways of setting boundaries. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是末句可推测，接下来可能会讨论建立边界的方法。 B 　　（2025·江苏泰州高一下期中）There are positive effects of having deep conversations with strangers， published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 　　“Connecting with others in meaningful ways tends to make people happier， and yet people also seem unwilling to engage in deeper conversation，” said Nicholas Epley， a professor of behavioral science at the University of Chicago.“This struck us as an interesting social paradox： If connecting with others in deep and meaningful ways increases well-being， then why aren’t people doing it more often in daily lives？” 　　To answer that question， Epley and his colleagues designed several experiments， where pairs of people — mainly strangers — were asked to discuss either relatively deep or shallow topics.Before the conversations， participants predicted how awkward they thought the conversations would be， how connected they thought they would feel to their conversation partner and how much they would enjoy the conversation.Afterward， they rated their predictions on actual basis.Generally， the researchers found that both deep conversations felt less awkward and led to greater feelings of connectedness and enjoyment than the participants had expected. 　　If deep connection is better， then why aren’t people actually having more of them？ The researchers suspected it might be because people underestimate how interested strangers are in learning about their deeper thoughts and feelings.In some of the experiments， the researchers asked participants to predict how interested their conversation partner would be in the discussion， and then afterward to indicate how interested their partner actually was in the discussion.On average， people consistently underestimated how interested their partners would be in learning about them. 　　“People seemed to imagine that revealing something meaningful about themselves in conversation would be met with blank stares and silence， only to find this wasn’t true in the actual conversation，” Epley said.“Human beings are deeply social and tend to respond in conversation.If you share something important， you are likely to get something important exchanged in return， leading to a considerably better conversation.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验来了解人们为什么不愿意和陌生人进行深层次的交流。 5.What does the underlined word “paradox” in paragraph 2 mean？（　　） A.Argument.　 B.Explosion. C.Tension.　 D.Contradiction. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据下文可知，这让我们觉得是一个有趣的社会悖论，画线词与D项（矛盾）意思相近。 6.What do we know about the experiment？（　　） A.All the topics discussed were not deep ones. B.The experiments were carried out on a regular basis. C.Most of the participants are familiar with each other. D.The participants made predictions while in conversation. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，被讨论的话题都不深入。 7.According to the study， what actually hold（s） back deep conversations between strangers？（　　） A.Depth of the topic. B.People’s expectations. C.Participants’ interest. D.Consistency of the talk. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，阻碍和陌生人进行深层次对话的是人们的假设，即他们假设陌生人不会对他们更深层次的想法和感受感兴趣。 8.What may the text support？（　　） A.Giving active responses in talking. B.Making safe predictions in communication. C.Engaging in more conversations to be sociable. D.Striking up in-depth conversations with strangers. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，本文提倡与陌生人进行深入的交谈。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·江西上饶高一下期中）Did you know that paying someone a compliment （赞美） can make you feel as good as they do when they receive it？ Research shows that this is mainly because offering social support like this improves our happiness.9.　（　　）　 Praise is more important than people realize.Here are some easy ways to pay someone a compliment. 　　Give thanks for good service 　　Whether you’re talking to a voice on the other end of a phone at a call centre， or a friendly assistant （售货员） helping you find the right size in a store， take a moment to thank them for what they’ve done and let them know they’ve been really helpful.10.　（　　）　 And you can imagine how many bad comments they may get each day. 　　Give quick praise 　　Drop in some quick-fire compliments when you’re out and about： tell someone you like their hairstyle or think their clothes look good on them， or mention that you’d love a pair of trainers like theirs.11.　（　　）　 　　Be sincere （真诚的） 　　When you say something nice， make sure you mean it.12.　（　　）　 It’s best to stick to compliments that you truly mean. 　　Pay a compliment to a friend 　　Don’t just tell your friends that they are nice or are looking good — these comments can be unclear and impersonal.Instead， tell your friends that seeing them always cheers you up， or thank them for being so supportive when you’re having a hard time.13.　（　　）　 A.We may say something bad on the Internet. B.Let your friends know how special they are！ C.In short， it’s nice to be nice！ D.Working with the public is never easy. E.People can tell if you’re lying and worse， might think you’re being mean. F.But maybe it’s time we all felt the good results of supporting each other. G.These low-level compliments are easy to hand out but always welcome to receive. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要指出赞美他人的重要性，并介绍了几种简单的表达对他人的赞美的方法。 9.F　上文说明赞美会提高我们的幸福感，空处也应该说明提供赞美或互相支持的好处。F项（但也许是时候让我们都感受到相互支持的好处了）承接上文，符合语境。 10.D　上文说明要感谢那些为我们服务的人，下文说明他们会收到差评，可见他们的工作并不容易。D项（与公众合作从来不是件容易的事）承上启下，符合语境。 11.G　上文举了一些日常赞美的例子，空处应该对这些日常赞美的例子进行评价。G项（这些简单的赞美之词很容易给出，但总是很受欢迎）承接上文，符合语境。 12.E　上文说明在说好话的时候要真心，空处应该解释为什么要表现出你是真心的。E项（人们可以看出你是否在撒谎，更糟糕的是，他们可能会认为你很刻薄）承接上文，符合语境。 13.B　上文说明不要只是给不明确的赞美，空处应该说明该怎么做。B项（让你的朋友知道他们是多么的特别）承接上文，符合语境。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 　　（2025·贵州高一下期中） 假定你是李华，进入高中生活以后，你的好朋友Jim和同学之间遇到了冲突。请你就此情况给他写一封信，就如何处理好同学关系提出你的建议，内容包括： 　　（1）表示理解； 　　（2）给出建议； 　　（3）表达希望。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 Dear Jim， 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours sincerely Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Jim， 　　I know you’ve been having some conflicts with your friend in high school lately.But don’t worry.It happens to everyone.Following are some tips. 　　Above all， communication is key.Try to have a frank conversation with your friend.Talk about what you feel and think， and listen to his opinion.Many times， misunderstandings and conflicts are caused by poor communication.Besides， always remember， it is very important to remain calm in times of conflict.Don’t let your emotions control your behavior.At last， if you can’t work things out on your own， find a trusted person to help you and resolve the conflict. 　　I hope these suggestions can be helpful and you can solve your troubles soon. Yours sincerely Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $