专题06 阅读理解D篇 议论文（期中真题汇编，云南专用）高二英语下学期

专题06 议论文 阅读理解D篇 以下汇编的阅读理解D篇按三大主题分类排列，按难度由基础至进阶提升排列： 主题01 人与自然——环境保护、生态意识 1.南极微塑料污染研究，呼吁减少塑料生产｜难度0.65 2. 海藻作为未来食物，论证饮食文化变革的可行性｜难度0.4 主题02 人与自我——心理发展、健康观念、个人成长 1. 敬畏体验对孩子成长的重要性，呼吁家长重视｜难度0.65 2. 从历史、饮食、中医角度论证中国人喝热水的文化根源｜难度0.65 主题03 人与社会——文化差异、社会现象、科技创新 1. 中外烧烤文化对比，论证烧烤在社交中的独特作用｜难度0.85 2. 论证哥本哈根环保旅游项目，促进可持续旅游。｜难度0.85 3. 讨论AI对写作职业的冲击｜难度0.65 4. 论证传统肌肉车在环保法规和电动化趋势下面临的转型｜难度0.65 挑战。 5. 分析多国文化习俗差异，论证跨文化理解的重要性。｜难度0.65 6. 论证在月球建立生物库以保护地球生物多样性的科学构想｜难度0.65 。 7. 分析印象派艺术运动对传统艺术的反叛精神｜难度0.65 主题01 人与自然——环境保护、生态意识 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南保山·期中) New research has found microplastics within Antarctic snow from multiple locations across the world’s most remote wilderness, which warns that no part of the planet is safe from plastic pollution. The paper, published this month in Science, provides evidence that earlier studies have underestimated the range of micro-plastic poison in the region. With advanced techniques for detection of tiny materials, researchers collected snow samples from three remote research bases across Antarctica: Union Glacier, Schanz Glacier, and the South Pole. They dug 8 to 16 inches down to examine plastic likely buried in the last year or two. The results were alarming: microplastics were found at over 3,000 particles (微粒) per liter, of which 95% were under 50 microns (微米), smaller than a human hair. Polyamide, used in outdoor equipment, was the most common type at Union and Schanz Glaciers, while Polyethylene dominated at the South Pole. These particles likely originated from local sources like research stations, but they may also have traveled through the atmosphere from distant locations, as suggested by Sedat Gündoğdu, a micro-plastic researcher in Turkey. He noted that microplastics can be transported by ocean currents and stored by snowfall. These particles with tiny sizes are particularly concerning, as anything smaller than 100microns can enter the bodies of many organisms, including fish, penguins, and humans. When taken in, these particles can impede the species’ eating, limit their growth, and prevent health and reproduction, ultimately threatening the survival of these species. Study co-author Emily Rowlands emphasized that micro-plastic pollution is likely impacting the ability of polar species to handle climate change and other human-related pressures. The fact that human activity is leaving a “sizable micro-plastic footprint in Antarctic snow” provides more reasons to act on this “global emergency,” Gündoğdu said. “We must cap plastic production to leave the earth less polluted for future generations and wildlife.” 5．What does the new research on Antarctic snow indicate? A．Plastic pollution is a global issue. B．Antarctic snow is free from pollution. C．Microplastics are discovered for the first time. D．Research stations are the main source of microplastics. 6．Why are the microplastics with tiny sizes particularly troubling? A．They are difficult to detect. B．They cannot be cleaned up. C．They can enter living organisms. D．They are more likely to be transported. 7．What does the underlined word “impede” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Promote. B．Obstruct. C．Benefit. D．Abandon. 8．Where is the passage likely taken from? A．A news report. B．A travel brochure. C．A health magazine. D．A geography textbook. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了一份南极的雪中发现微塑料的研究结果，强调微塑料污染的全球性问题及其对生态系统的影响。通过详细的研究方法和结果，揭示了微塑料的来源和潜在危害，并呼吁人类采取行动减少塑料污染。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“New research has found microplastics within Antarctic snow from multiple locations across the world’s most remote wilderness, which warns that no part of the planet is safe from plastic pollution.( 一项新的研究在南极雪中发现了微塑料，这些雪来自世界上最偏远的荒野的多个地方，这警告说，地球上没有任何地方可以免受塑料污染的影响。)”这句话明确指出，南极的雪中发现了微塑料，这表明塑料污染已经影响到了地球上最偏远的地区，暗示塑料污染是一个全球性问题。此外，文章最后一段中提到“The fact that human activity is leaving a “sizable micro-plastic footprint in Antarctic snow” provides more reasons to act on this “global emergency,”(人类活动在南极雪中留下了“相当大的微塑料足迹”，这一事实为应对这一“全球紧急情况”提供了更多的理由。)”这也强调了塑料污染的全球性，由此可知，关于南极雪的新研究表明了塑料污染是一个全球性问题。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“These particles with tiny sizes are particularly concerning, as anything smaller than 100microns can enter the bodies of many organisms, including fish, penguins, and humans.( 这些微小的颗粒尤其令人担忧，因为任何小于100微米的颗粒都可以进入许多生物的体内，包括鱼、企鹅和人类。)”这句话直接说明了微塑料的小尺寸令人担忧的原因是它们能够进入生物体内。此外，文章还提到这些微塑料会对生物的摄食、生长、健康和繁殖产生负面影响，进一步强调了它们进入生物体内的危害性。故选C项。 7．词义猜测题。根据划线词的前一句“These particles with tiny sizes are particularly concerning, as anything smaller than 100microns can enter the bodies of many organisms, including fish, penguins, and humans.( 这些微小的颗粒尤其令人担忧，因为任何小于100微米的颗粒都可以进入许多生物的体内，包括鱼、企鹅和人类。)”和划线词所在句“When taken in, these particles can …the species’ eating, limit their growth, and prevent health and reproduction, ultimately threatening the survival of these species.( 一旦被摄入，这些颗粒会……物种的进食，限制它们的生长，影响它们的健康和繁殖，最终威胁到这些物种的生存。)”可以看出，“当这些微粒被吸入体内时，它们会阻碍该物种的进食，限制它们的生长，并阻止其健康和繁殖，最终威胁到这些物种的生存。”由此可以推测出微塑料会对生物的正常功能产生负面影响。B选项obstruct“抑制、阻碍、阻挡”符合句意。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于南极雪中发现微塑料的新研究，包括研究方法、结果以及影响等，语言风格较为客观、简洁，符合新闻报道的特点。由此可推知，这篇文章可能取自新闻报道。故选A项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) The Earth’s population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Experts estimate food production will have to increase by 70 percent to keep pace with that growth. Previous methods of agriculture will soon no longer be an option. According to a 2018 study, we have to turn away from meat and dairy products. U.S. customers have proved themselves willing to test the waters. Americans spent $1.4 billion on plant-based meat in 2021, representing a market share of 2.7 percent of all meat sales. The plant-based food companies claim their burgers use less land and water and produce less greenhouse gases. But, consider the possibility that we left our most promising resource behind in the ocean. Will you swap meat for seaweed? “I think seaweed needs branding(品牌),” says Mark Kulsdom, co-founder of the memorably-named Dutch Weed Burger. As Kulsdom explained Dutch Weed Burgers are vegetarian but for meat eaters. A decade after launching their first product, he and his partners now sell about quarter of a million burgers each year. Ultimately, Kulsdom is striving for a culture change. “I believe we need to raise interest sometimes by using a bit of an unorthodox (非正统的) approach to things,” he adds. “When people get what they already know, it’s not that interesting. When their curiosity is awakened, that’s when new things and ideas can enter their minds.” In 2008, researchers discovered 14,000-year-old seaweed fragments (碎片) in southern Chile that had been pressed into cakes and clearly been cooked. As they wrote in Science, all seaweed recovered at the site are excellent sources of iodine, iron, zinc, protein, hormones and a wide range of elements. Though Mark Kulsdom’s Dutch Weed Burger sounds futuristic, one could argue that they’re revisiting one of the oldest stories we know. 69．How are plant-based burgers according to the companies? A．They are healthy. B．They are nutritious. C．They are delicious. D．They are environmentally friendly. 70．What does the underlined word “striving” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Leaving. B．Struggling. C．Preparing. D．Waiting. 71．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Chile is rich in seaweed. B．Seaweed was the major food source in Chile. C．People have long been using seaweed as food. D．Mark Kulsdom’s Dutch Weed Burger is too futuristic. 72．Where is the text most likely from? A．A newspaper. B．A science fiction. C．A travel guide. D．A textbook. 【答案】69．D 70．B 71．C 72．A 【难度】0.4 【导语】本文为议论文。随着地球人口的不断增加, 旧的农业方式已不能满足人们对食物的需求, 科学家将目光转向了海藻。 69．细节理解题。由文章第二段“The plant-based food companies claim their burgers use less land and water and produce less greenhouse gases.”(植物性食品公司声称他们的汉堡使用更少的土地和水，产生更少的温室气体。) 可知植物性食品公司认为它们的汉堡“使用较少的土地和水, 产生更少的温室气体”， 是环保的。故选D。 70．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“I believe we need to raise interest sometimes by using a bit of an unorthodox(非正统的)approach to things,” he adds. “When people get what they already know, it’s not that interesting. When their curiosity is awakened, that’s when new things and ideas can enter their minds.”（我认为我们有时需要用一些非正统的方法来提高玩家的兴趣。”“当人们得到他们已经知道的东西时，就没有那么有趣了。当他们的好奇心被唤醒时，新的事物和想法就会进入他们的脑海。）可知Kulsdom是愿意让人们对海藻食物感兴趣的, 因此推断他在努力奋斗使人们转变观念。所以划线词的意思是“奋斗”。故选B。 71．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In 2008, researchers discovered 14,000-year-old seaweed fragments in southern Chile that had been pressed into cakes and clearly been cooked.”（2008年，研究人员在智利南部发现了1.4万年前的海藻碎片，它们被压成蛋糕，显然是煮过的。）可知，早在14000年前，人们就已经在食用海藻。由此可推知，人们长期以来一直在使用海藻作为食物。故选C。 72．推理判断题。通读全文可知，根据第一段“Experts estimate food production will have to increase by 70 percent to keep pace with that growth. Previous methods of agriculture will soon no longer be an option. According to a 2018 study, we have to turn away from meat and dairy products. ”（专家估计，粮食产量必须增加70%才能跟上增长的步伐。以前的农业方法将很快不再是一种选择。根据2018年的一项研究，我们必须远离肉类和乳制品。）可知，随着地球人口的不断增加, 旧的农业方式已不能满足人们对食物的需求, 科学家将目光转向了海藻。所以短文属于食品生产类的。最可能出现在报纸上。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我——心理发展、健康观念、个人成长 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南楚雄第一中学·期中) Awe experiences typically involve the perception of something incredibly vast or powerful, something that challenges one’s understanding of the world. These are often, but not always, encounters with nature, such as looking over mountains from an airplane, or standing at the foot of an enormous tree. New developmental research suggests the experience of awe is crucial for a child to grow stronger. Historically, awe has featured in psychological accounts of peak experiences. William James spoke extensively about various spiritual moments that intensely moved him and shaped his viewpoint. He felt strongly these peak experiences made for the deeper development of a person’s inner world. Contemporary researchers theorize that awe may have helped our ancestors survive throughout history and continues to impart positive effects today. Previous studies have shown awe can be instrumental to the formation of social groups and can set off helpful social behaviors among adults. But our research shows that perceptions of awe start much earlier in life. Four to nine-year-old children perceive and respond to awe-inspiring experiences and differentiate them from everyday experiences. When watching fantastic footage of sweeping natural scenes, the children perceived themselves as smaller — a phenomenon known as the “small self”— in comparison with how they felt after watching footage of everyday nature imagery. They further reported being filled with power, believing they were capable of achieving great things. Additionally, they felt a sense of curiosity and a desire to explore more, seeing themselves as adventurers on a journey of discovery. In our busy lives, nevertheless, potential moments of awe often get overlooked. With the pressure to achieve seeping (渗透) into childhood earlier and earlier, it's easy to understand why you, as a parent, might be more focused on getting your children to the next activity or competition. However, as you become more receptive to sources of awe and knowledgeable about its importance during development, you’ll most likely see them obtain considerable advantages when giving awe experiences greater priority. 96．Which aspect of awe experience does the new study highlight? A．Its historical origin. B．Places of its occurrence. C．Its benefits for kids. D．Its impacts on adults’ behavior. 97．What does the underlined word “impart” mean in paragraph 3? A．Restrict. B．Withdraw. C．Generate. D．Transform. 98．How did the children feel when viewing footage of breathtaking scenery? A．Contented. B．Motivated. C．Panicked. D．Confused. 99．What’s the purpose of the author in writing the last paragraph? A．To appeal to parents for a change. B．To advocate a care-free childhood life. C．To state his point on the fast-paced society. D．To describe a common cultural phenomenon. 【答案】96．C 97．C 98．B 99．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了敬畏的经历对孩子成长的重要性。 96．细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“New developmental research suggests the experience of awe is crucial for a child to grow stronger.(新的发展研究表明，敬畏的经历对孩子的成长至关重要。)”可知，这项新研究强调了敬畏体验对孩子们的好处。故选C项。 97．词句猜测题。划线单词前面的部分“Contemporary researchers theorize that awe may have helped our ancestors survive throughout history(当代研究人员推测，敬畏可能帮助我们的祖先在历史上生存下来)”是说敬畏在人类历史上的作用，根据句中的continue to和划线单词后面的positive effects today可知，此处是说敬畏在今天继续产生积极的作用，所以划线单词impart的意义为“产生”，与C项中的generate意义相近。故选C项。 98．推理判断题。根据第四段的句子“They further reported being filled with power, believing they were capable of achieving great things. Additionally, they felt a sense of curiosity and a desire to explore more, seeing themselves as adventurers on a journey of discovery.(他们还说自己充满了力量，相信自己能够成就大事。此外，他们感到一种好奇心和探索更多的欲望，将自己视为探索之旅的冒险家。)”可知，孩子们在观看令人惊叹的景色时受到了激励。故选B项。 99．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“In our busy lives, nevertheless, potential moments of awe often get overlooked. With the pressure to achieve seeping (渗透) into childhood earlier and earlier, it's easy to understand why you, as a parent, might be more focused on getting your children to the next activity or competition. However, as you become more receptive to sources of awe and knowledgeable about its importance during development, you’ll most likely see them obtain considerable advantages when giving awe experiences greater priority.(然而，在我们忙碌的生活中，潜在的敬畏时刻往往被忽视。随着压力越来越早地渗透到孩子身上，很容易理解为什么作为父母，你可能会更专注于让你的孩子参加下一个活动或比赛。然而，当你更容易接受敬畏感的来源，并了解其在开发过程中的重要性时，你很可能会发现它们在给予敬畏体验更大的优先权时获得了相当大的优势。)”可知，作者认为现在父母往往忽视孩子的敬畏体验，而文章的主要内容是说敬畏的经历对孩子的成长至关重要。所以作者写文章的目的是呼吁家长做出改变。故选A项。 Passage 2 (23-24高二下·云南玉溪师范学院附属中学·期中) Many westerners find it so interesting that they always see Chinese people carry a vacuum (真空) cup no matter which season it is. If you go to a restaurant in western countries, they usually serve you a cup of cold water, sometimes even with ice. And every time when Chinese people ask the waiter if they can change to hot water, actually they may receive a strange look from the waiter or people nearby. Hot water? Seriously? Why do Chinese people drink hot water? The answer may exist in the following aspects. Actually, water quality became a matter of debate in the 1930s in China, when the water supplies were polluted. In order to prevent people from infectious diseases, the government suggested people drinking boiled water, because they considered it a way to kill off bacteria. They always boiled water daily and stored it in a kettle to keep the water warm for the day. Even now, you can find hot water devices everywhere, in schools, factories, and government departments across the country. Besides, it is well known that Chinese people prefer hot meals every day. Therefore, some parents always teach their children to drink hot water with meals, because they think mixing cold liquids with hot meals is really bad for the stomach, and cold liquids may solidify fats in your stomach, which can cause digestive problems, while hot liquids aid in digestion. According to the traditional Chinese medicine, health is due to an internal balance of Yin and Yang. In the Yin-Yang theory, water is Yin-type while hot stuff is Yang-type, drinking hot water can enrich Yin and tonify (滋补) Yang in your body, keeping Yin and Yang in balance. If you have cold symptoms or other Yin-type imbalances such as frequent chills, thirst, depression or sleepiness, hot water plays the role of the Yang and brings your body back into balance. Doctors of traditional Chinese medicine always tell patients to drink more hot water. 77．Why did the author describe the scene in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To compare East with West. C．To narrate an experience. D．To illustrate a phenomenon. 78．What can we know about the 1930s in China? A．Water quality was improved by boiling water. B．Infectious diseases struck the country seriously. C．Polluting substances entered the water supplies. D．More devices were introduced to keep water warm. 79．Which of the followings can Chinese people agree with? A．Hot water can cure people of depression. B．Cold liquids may soften fats in people’s stomach. C．Drinking water with meals does good to digestion. D．Imbalance of Yin and Yang contributes to ill health. 80．Which is the best title for the text? A．Why Do Chinese People Drink Hot Water? B．Hot Water & Cold Water, Which is Better? C．The Cultural Differences Home and Abroad. D．Drinking Water is Essential to Human Health. 【答案】77．A 78．C 79．D 80．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文介绍中国人习惯喝热水的渊源和由来。 77．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many westerners find it so interesting that they always see Chinese people carry a vacuum (真空) cup no matter which season it is. If you go to a restaurant in western countries, they usually serve you a cup of cold water, sometimes even with ice. And every time when Chinese people ask the waiter if they can change to hot water, actually they may receive a strange look from the waiter or people nearby. Hot water? Seriously? Why do Chinese people drink hot water? The answer may exist in the following aspects.(许多西方人觉得这很有趣，他们总是看到中国人无论在哪个季节都拿着一个真空杯子。如果你去西方国家的餐馆，他们通常会给你一杯冷水，有时甚至会加冰。每次当中国人问服务员是否可以换热水时，实际上他们可能会受到服务员或附近人的奇怪目光。热水吗？认真的吗？为什么中国人喝热水？答案可能存在于以下几个方面)”可推知，作者描述中国人随身带杯子是为了引出本文话题。故选A。 78．细节理解题。根据第二段“Actually, water quality became a matter of debate in the 1930s in China, when the water supplies were polluted.(实际上，在20世纪30年代的中国，当水供应受到污染时，水质就成为了一个争论的问题)”可知，当时的水资源被污染了。故选C。 79．推理判断题。根据第四段“According to the traditional Chinese medicine, health is due to an internal balance of Yin and Yang.(根据中医的说法，健康是由于阴阳的内部平衡)”可知，中国人认为阴阳失衡会导致身体不健康。故选D。 80．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why do Chinese people drink hot water? The answer may exist in the following aspects.(为什么中国人喝热水？答案可能存在于以下几个方面)”及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕中国人为什么习惯喝热水展开分析，A选项“中国人为什么喝热水？”符合标题特点。故选A。 主题03 人与社会——文化差异、社会现象、科技创新 Passage 1 (23-24高二下·云南三校联考·期中) No doubt one of China’s greatest resources is its diverse cuisine. One of the most popular foods to be found is no doubt the street snacks that make up a large part of everyday life. “Compared with A Bite of China, which showcases chefs’ cooking processes and demonstrates delicious cuisine on air, Chinese Barbecue is more down-to-earth in depicting the people,” commented a viewer. The new documentary series, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food option that sizzles (咝咝作响) over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country. Barbecued meat shining over hot coal containers, while not as elegant as some of the fine dining options in China, is an essential part of people’s night life. The pleasant smell and atmosphere surrounding the grilled (烤的) street food is “something that could entice people to fly downstairs at night,” the documentary claims. In many Chinese eyes, barbecue, regarded as the most ordinary and common night street snack, is different from homemade food by mothers which is a symbol of kinship (亲切感). Barbecue is where you become connected to people in society. And unlike official business lunches, during which people are rather reserved and polite, barbecue lets people cut loose and relax with old friends and newly made friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship. On the other side of the world, in the United States, BBQ, well received by all ages, demonstrates the even more enthusiastic personality of Americans, who grill large steaks on their outdoor stoves at home and enjoy competing to see who has the better cooking skills. It’s safe to say that the world, as a whole, holds deep-rooted good feelings toward barbecue, either for the taste or the warmth generated by fire. 53．Where is the text probably be taken from? A．Life and health. B．Food and culture. C．Art and culture. D．Sports and health. 54．What does the underlined word “entice” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Attract. B．Influence. C．Prevent. D．Enrich. 55．What makes barbecue different from other food in Chinese’s view? A．It’s rich in favors. B．It is served with delicate dishes. C．It helps keep people connected. D．It requires a more reserved and polite atmosphere. 56．The last paragraph talks about __________. A．BBQ is favored by Americans B．the bond between Chinese and Westerners C．the lifestyle of people in the United States D．the difference between Chinese BBQ and American BBQ 【答案】53．B 54．A 55．C 56．A 【难度】0.85 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讲述了中国和美国的烧烤文化以及烧烤在人们生活中的重要性。 53．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的句子“One of the most popular foods to be found is no doubt the street snacks that make up a large part of everyday life.”（无疑，最受欢迎的食物之一就是街头小吃，它们构成了日常生活的重要部分。）和第二段的句子“The new documentary series, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food option that sizzles(咝咝作响) over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country.”（新的纪录片系列《中国烧烤》讲述了这种在全国各地城市和乡镇的每个街角都能找到的受欢迎的食物的故事。）可知，这篇文章可能来自于关于食物和文化的杂志。故选B。 54．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段的句子“The pleasant smell and atmosphere surrounding the grilled(烤的) street food is “something that could entice people to fly downstairs at night,” the documentary claims.”（纪录片声称，烤食物周围的愉快气味和氛围是“entice人们在夜晚飞奔下楼的东西”。）可知，烧烤的味道能吸引人下楼。所以这里的“entice”意为“吸引”。故选A。 55．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子“Barbecue is where you become connected to people in society.”（烧烤是你与社会中的人建立联系的地方。）可知，烧烤与其他食物的不同之处在于它能帮助人们保持联系。故选C。 56．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的句子“On the other side of the world, in the United States, BBQ, well received by all ages, demonstrates the even more enthusiastic personality of Americans, who grill large steaks on their outdoor stoves at home and enjoy competing to see who has the better cooking skills.”（在世界的另一边，美国，烧烤受到所有年龄段的欢迎，展示了美国人更热情的个性，他们在家里的户外炉子上烤大块的牛排，享受比赛看谁的烹饪技巧更好。）可知，最后一段主要讲述了美国人喜欢烧烤。故选A。 Passage 2 (23-24高二下·云南三校联考·期中) I am a product of mixed cultures (dad is Arab, mom is American), and I have grown up with cultural differences all my life. This has made me very conscious of watching what people do in different cultures around the world. Cross cultural understanding is really necessary if you want to get along with people from other places. It is very common, and not considered rude to ask a person’s age in Japan when you meet them for the first time. The Japanese language is a rich and complex language that has different words to use depending on the age or the person you are talking to. Therefore, it’s important for people to know your age range so as not to offend (冒犯) you by showing you less respect than you are due. Hand gestures and signals are always better to use only in your home country where you understand what they mean. In Turkey, for example, allowing your thumb to protrude between your second and third finger in a fist is extremely rude. Also, don’t make an “OK” gesture, unless you mean to call someone a fool. Don’t touch anyone’s head in Malaysia, especially babies. Pointing is also considered rude in Malaysia, where directions are normally given with an open hand. Giving gifts in China can get you into trouble. Certain gifts in China can cause great offence, such as giving cut flowers, which is only done at funerals. Giving a clock is seen as bad luck since the words “giving a clock” sound just like the words “attending a funeral”. A gift of shoes would be interpreted as giving a gift of evil. Nothing is expected to be associated with the word “four” because it sounds like the word “death”. 57．Why do Japanese like to ask others’ ages? A．To avoid being offensive. B．To satisfy their curiosity. C．To show their concerns. D．To get further communication. 58．What does “pointing” mean in Malaysia? A．An agreement. B．A request. C．Some help. D．Rudeness. 59．What should you avoid doing in China according to the text? a. Sending cut flowers to others. b. Buying a clock for your friend. c. Giving a pair of shoes to others. d. Make an “OK” gesture. A．a, b, c. B．a, c, d. C．a, b, d. D．a, b, c, d. 60．Which of the following can be a suitable title for this text? A．Communication Makes A Difference B．Cultural Communication in Western Countries C．Cultural Differences Around the World D．How to Deal With Culture Shock 【答案】57．A 58．D 59．A 60．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了不同国家的文化差异。 57．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“Therefore, it’s important for people to know your age range so as not to offend (冒犯) you by showing you less respect than you are due. (因此，人们了解你的年龄范围是很重要的，这样就不会因为对你不够尊重而冒犯你。)”可知，日本人喜欢问人的年龄是为了不冒犯你。故选A。 58．推理判断题。根据第四段“Pointing is also considered rude in Malaysia, where directions are normally given with an open hand.(在马来西亚，指指点点也被认为是粗鲁的行为，在那里，人们通常会张开手给别人指路。)”可知，在马来西亚，指指点点被视为是粗鲁的行为。故选D。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Certain gifts in China can cause great offence, such as giving cut flowers, which is only done at funerals. Giving a clock is seen as bad luck since the words “giving a clock” sound just like the words “attending a funeral”. A gift of shoes would be interpreted as giving a gift of evil.(在中国，某些礼物会引起极大的冒犯，比如送切花，这只在葬礼上举行。给一个时钟被认为是坏运气，因为“给一个时钟”听起来就像“参加葬礼”一样。赠送鞋子的礼物会被解释为赠送邪恶的礼物。)”可知，在中国，送切花，钟表，鞋子都是可能会冒犯别人的礼物，故选A。 60．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“This has made me very conscious of watching what people do in different cultures around the world. Cross cultural understanding is really necessary if you want to get along with people from other places.(这让我非常注意观察世界各地不同文化背景下的人们的行为。如果你想和其他地方的人相处，跨文化理解是非常必要的。)”及下文列举了不同国家的文化可知，文章主要讲述了世界各地的文化差异。由此可知，“世界各地的文化差异”可以作为文章的标题。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·昆明第十二中学教育集团·期中) A French cook is preparing foods with something surprising: insects. The European Union has recently approved some sorts of insects as an acceptable food product. Insects provide many nutrients and are an environmentally friendly food. The food Laurent Veyet prepares is not for those with little bravery. However, what he is preparing may point to the future of feeding a growing world population. One of his foods is a prawn salad with yellow mealworms. The Parisian cook talked about the perfect meal for first-times. He was preparing a pasta made with crushed mealworms, sweet potatoes and young insects cooked on the stove. He said, “There are some really interesting flavors. Not many people could say they don’t like that.” The European Food Safety Agency, EFSA, in January said the mealworm is acceptable for humans to eat. The agency is considering more than 12 other requests to approve other insect-based food products. Mealworms, and insects more generally, could provide a sustainable food source that produces low greenhouse gases for the future. Veyet grows his mealworms on site. He feeds them cooked grains and vegetables. The mealworm can be used in many different meals. It can be cooked whole and eaten, or it can be ground to help make foods like bread. Stefan De Keersmaecker is a health and food safety spokesman at the European Commission. He said, “Insects are nutritious.” He also said that insects can help us change to a more healthy and sustainable diet and food system. There are two battles Veyet must win. He needs to win over public opinion and learn how to combine the taste of insects with other foods. He said that he must find the right taste as well as the right food combinations. He said that is very interesting to do and any cook would tell you the same. 1．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 2? A．The food looks frightening. B．The food smells terrible. C．The food tastes delicious. D．The food is very special. 2．What do we learn about Laurent Veyet? A．He was a traditional cook. B．He was worried about people’s reaction. C．He bought mealworms from shops. D．He was confident about his food. 3．What would be Stefan De Keersmaecker’s attitude to Laurent Veyet’s new food? A．Skeptical. B．Favourable. C．Confused. D．Negative. 4．What’s the author’s final conclusion about Laurent Veyet’s new attempt? A．It will face challenges. B．It will be successful. C．It will go smoothly. D．It will meet with failure. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了法国厨师Laurent Veyet用昆虫制作食物，欧盟已批准部分昆虫可作为食品，这种食物有营养且环保，但他的尝试面临挑战。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“A French cook is preparing foods with something surprising: insects.(一位法国厨师正在用一种令人惊讶的东西制作美食：昆虫)”和第二段中“The food Laurent Veyet prepares is not for those with little bravery. (Laurent Veyet准备的食物不适合那些胆子小的人)”可知，这种食物是昆虫，需要有一定胆量的人才能接受，所以它很特别。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中Laurent Veyet的话“He said, ‘There are some really interesting flavors. Not many people could say they don’t like that.’ (他说：“有一些非常有趣的味道。没有多少人会说他们不喜欢。”)”可知，Laurent Veyet对自己制作的食物很有信心。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Stefan De Keersmaecker is a health and food safety spokesman at the European Commission. He said, ‘Insects are nutritious.’ He also said that insects can help us change to a more healthy and sustainable diet and food system. (Stefan De Keersmaecker是欧盟委员会的健康和食品安全发言人。他说：“昆虫有营养。”他还说昆虫可以帮助我们转向更健康、更可持续的饮食和食物体系)”可知，Stefan De Keersmaecker认为Laurent Veyet用昆虫制作的新食物更健康，更可持续，说明他对其持支持态度。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are two battles Veyet must win. He needs to win over public opinion and learn how to combine the taste of insects with other foods. (Veyet必须打赢两场仗。他需要赢得公众舆论的支持，并学会如何将昆虫的味道与其他食物结合起来)”可知，Laurent Veyet的新尝试还需要赢得公众舆论的支持和学会如何将昆虫的味道与其他食物结合起来，所以它会面临挑战。故选A项。 Passage 4 (24-25高二下·云南保山·期中) At the 2025 Asian Winter Games, a robotic dog was autonomously inspecting the surroundings to identify potential danger and ensure safety. This remarkable application is a vivid example of what Embodied AI (具身智能) is — a field that integrates artificial intelligence with physical systems like robots to enable real-world interaction. The core (核心) of Embodied AI is its world model, designed for its operating environment. This model is supported by different learning approaches, which use sensors and policy-based methods to determine routes, while active inference imitates the human brain’s operation. These models continuously analyze environmental data and update the world model in time, allowing Embodied AI to develop rapidly. For instance, a robotic arm can improve its handling techniques by physically controlling objects and adjusting its actions based on feedback. This ability to learn and adapt through interaction is what sets Embodied AI apart from other forms of AI. Despite its potential, Embodied AI still has a winding road to go. For example, safety concerns, gaps between imitation and real-world applications, and lack of standards are critical issues. Besides, given technical limits, such as not being able to climb stairs smoothly, Embodied AI also needs to learn how to transfer and apply knowledge to real-world environments. Nevertheless, the future of Embodied AI is promising. Experts predict that the Embodied AI market could reach 86. 1 billion yuan ($12 billion) in China alone by 2030. This means robots may soon help at home, like taking care of the elderly, teaching kids, or cleaning. They could also be useful in emergencies, like rescuing people during disasters. Dr. Siyuan Huang, head of the Beijing Institute of General Artificial Intelligence, noted, “Our work represents a vital step towards building general embodied agents. We need to further explore areas such as 3D vision-language adjustment and bridge the gap between visual-language capability and action.” The journey has just begun, and the possibilities are endless. “Embodied AI will reshape our world, just like smartphones did.” he added. 9．Why does the author mention the robotic dog at the 2025 Asian Winter Games? A．To describe the potential dangers of Embodied AI. B．To introduce the topic of Embodied AI and its applications. C．To compare the performance of robots with human athletes. D．To emphasize the advanced technology used in sports events. 10．Which of the following is an application of Embodied AI? A．A computer program analyzing data. B．An app providing language translation. C．A smart machine adjusting temperature. D．A cleaning robot learning to tidy up rooms. 11．What can we learn about Embodied AI according to Dr. Siyuan Huang? A．It needs to be improved. B．It has reached its potential. C．It will have little impact on our lives. D．It will replace human labor in the future. 12．How is the passage organized? ①Definition ②Challenges ③Future prospects ④Working principles A．①—②—③—④ B．①—④—②—③ C．③—①—④—② D．④—①—②—③ 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。介绍了具身智能（Embodied AI）的概念、核心原理、面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“At the 2025 Asian Winter Games, a robotic dog was autonomously inspecting the surroundings to identify potential danger and ensure safety. This remarkable application is a vivid example of what Embodied AI (具身智能) is(在2025年亚洲冬季运动会上，一只机器狗正在自主巡查周边环境，以识别潜在危险并确保安全。这一出色的应用生动地展示了何为具身人工智能（Embodied AI）。)”可知，作者提到2025年亚冬会的机器狗是为了介绍具身人工智能及其应用。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“This means robots may soon help at home, like taking care of the elderly, teaching kids, or cleaning.(这意味着机器人可能很快就会在家里帮忙，比如照顾老人、教孩子或打扫卫生。)”可知，具身人工智能的应用是学习整理房间的清洁机器人。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We need to further explore areas such as 3D vision-language adjustment and bridge the gap between visual-language capability and action.(我们需要进一步探索3D视觉语言调节等领域，弥合视觉语言能力和行动之间的差距。)”可知，具身人工智能需要改进。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“This remarkable application is a vivid example of what Embodied AI (具身智能) is — a field that integrates artificial intelligence with physical systems like robots to enable real-world interaction.(这一出色的应用生动地展示了何为具身人工智能（Embodied AI）——这是一个将人工智能与机器人等物理系统相融合，以实现现实世界交互的领域。)”可知，第一段是定义；根据第二段“The core (核心) of Embodied AI is its world model, designed for its operating environment. This model is supported by different learning approaches, which use sensors and policy-based methods to determine routes, while active inference imitates the human brain’s operation.(具身人工智能（Embodied AI）的核心在于其针对运行环境而设计的世界模型。该模型由不同的学习方法提供支持，这些方法利用传感器和基于策略的方法来确定路线，同时主动推理则模仿人脑的运作方式。)”可知，第二段是讲的它的工作原理；根据第三段“Despite its potential, Embodied AI still has a winding road to go.(尽管具有潜力，嵌入式人工智能仍有一条曲折的道路要走。)”可知，第三段讲的是它面临的挑战；根据第四段“Nevertheless, the future of Embodied AI is promising.(然而，具身人工智能的未来是有希望的。)”可知，从第四段开始讲的是它的未来，因此篇章结构的排序是①—④—②—③。故选B。 Passage 5 (24-25高二下·云南昭通镇雄县第四中学·期中) Copenhagen is a beautiful city of Denmark that attracts a lot of tourists, especially during the summer. Though tourism is great for the economy, it is also bad for the environment. Now tourists who take part in green activities like picking up rubbish, using public transport (交通), or biking around the city are rewarded (回报) with food and activities. This project is called CopenPay, whose purpose is to help reduce the environmental costs of tourism. The project was introduced by Copenhagen’s official tourism organization to get tourists to act in an eco-friendlier way according to the Wonderful Copenhagen website. Though it is trust- based, some places may ask you to show a photo of you doing a green activity or a train ticket. Though the largest environmental cost is the transportation to Copenhagen, especially if you fly or drive, the tourist board’s communications chief (旅游局通信主管) Rikke Holm Petersen said, “One of the things we can change is getting people to act in an eco-friendlier way at the destination.” There are now 24 members in the program, reported Forbes, including museums. restaurants, and urban experiences for tourists to take part in. While there are several places offering free ice cream or coffee for taking public transport, there are other experiences that are related to Danish culture. Visitors to the National Gallery who bring plastic waste can take part in a workshop to turn the rubbish into a piece of art. Tourists can help care for the gardens at the Blixen Museum for free admission. There are free tours at the Cisternerne underground art hall if you walk or bike to the place. You can also get a free lunch for volunteering at an urban farm. While none of these activities will make a huge influence on the environment, it’ll change people’s thoughts and that may be the most important thing tourists can bring home from their vacation. 61．How can you get free food as a visitor to Copenhagen? A．By sharing a car. B．By taking a bus to travel. C．By helping old people. D．By taking care of wild animals. 62．What does the author want to show by mentioning Rikke Holm Petersen? A．The difficulty of the project. B．The success in the project. C．The reason for the project. D．The guess at the project. 63．What do we know about eco-friendly actions in Copenhagen? A．They are praised on websites. B．They take place mostly in museums. C．They get rewarded in different ways. D．They want to show Danish culture. 64．What is the importance of CopenPay according to the text? A．Changing the local environment greatly. B．Making tourists think highly of Copenhagen. C．Helping get more money from local tourism. D．Developing people’s environmental understanding. 【答案】61．B 62．C 63．C 64．D 【难度】0.85 【导语】本文属于议论文。文章主要介绍了哥本哈根市为了减少旅游业对环境的影响而推出的一项环保计划。文章详细说明了这一项目的背景、目的、参与方式以及具体奖励措施等内容。 61．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Now tourists who take part in green activities like picking up rubbish, using public transport (交通), or biking around the city are rewarded (回报) with food and activities. (现在，参与绿色活动的游客，如捡垃圾、乘坐公共交通工具或骑自行车在城市周围，都可以得到食物和活动的奖励。)”可知，游客可以通过乘坐公共交通工具获得免费的食物。故选B。 62．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though the largest environmental cost is the transportation to Copenhagen, especially if you fly or drive, the tourist board’s communications chief (旅游局通信主管) Rikke Holm Petersen said, “One of the things we can change is getting people to act in an eco-friendlier way at the destination.” (虽然最大的环境成本是到哥本哈根的交通，特别是如果你坐飞机或开车，但旅游局的通讯主管Rikke Holm Petersen说：“我们可以改变的一件事是让人们在目的地以更环保的方式行事。”)”可知，提到Rikke Holm Petersen是为了说明该项目的项目的原因——鼓励人们在旅行目的地进行更加环保的行为。故选C。 63．推理判断题。由文章第四段“There are now 24 members in the program, reported Forbes, including museums. restaurants, and urban experiences for tourists to take part in. While there are several places offering free ice cream or coffee for taking public transport, there are other experiences that are related to Danish culture. Visitors to the National Gallery who bring plastic waste can take part in a workshop to turn the rubbish into a piece of art. (据《福布斯》报道，该计划目前有24个成员，其中包括博物馆。餐厅和城市体验供游客参与。虽然有几个地方为乘坐公共交通工具提供免费的冰淇淋或咖啡，但还有其他与丹麦文化有关的体验。带着塑料垃圾去国家美术馆的游客可以参加一个工作坊，把垃圾变成一件艺术品。)”和第五段“Tourists can help care for the gardens at the Blixen Museum for free admission. There are free tours at the Cisternerne underground art hall if you walk or bike to the place. You can also get a free lunch for volunteering at an urban farm. (游客可以免费在布利森博物馆帮助照顾花园。如果你步行或骑自行车去，可以免费参观西斯特纳的地下艺术大厅。在城市农场做志愿者还可以得到一份免费午餐。)”等，可以看出环保行动在哥本哈根得到了多种形式的奖励。故选C。 64．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While none of these activities will make a huge influence on the environment, it’ll change people’s thoughts and that may be the most important thing tourists can bring home from their vacation. (虽然这些活动都不会对环境产生巨大影响，但它会改变人们的想法，这可能是游客从度假中带回家的最重要的东西。)”可以推断，该项目的重要性在于它能够培养人们的环保意识。故选D。 Passage 6 (24-25高二下·云南楚雄第一中学·期中) As more and more species near extinction, scientists have been collecting samples from animals, plants and other creatures and storing them in biobanks across the globe. But climate change, environmental disasters and wars threaten these modern Noah’s arks. Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an out-of-this-world solution: building one of these vaults (库) on the moon. A biobank in a permanently shadowed region at the moon’s south pole could be far more stable than those on Earth. This part of the moon usually remains around -196° Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells long-term, marine biologist Mary Hagedorn and colleagues report in BioScience. Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of below-zero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. In 2017, melting (融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault, highlighting the need for a backup plan. A different team has proposed building a lunar ark in lava (熔岩) tubes that run beneath the moon’s surface. But that design requires a solar-powered cooling system; any loss of power and the samples would be destroyed. In the moon’s forever-frozen shadowed regions, a lunar vault wouldn’t need energy or constant human maintenance, Hagedorn’s team says. Given the shadowy south pole’s low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store “one of the most powerful cells that we have today” — fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, “and then those stem cells can be used for cloning,” she says. The cells could be valuable for regenerating populations of threatened or extinct species and for building ecosystems in future human settlements on the moon or Mars. The proposal has its share of barriers. For instance, the moon’s permanently dark regions aren’t free from temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen of the Johns Hopkins University. “They are still cold but perhaps not always cold enough for this project without some level of temperature management.” 73．Why is the moon an ideal place for the biobank? A．It’s not affected by wars. B．It’s not environmentally polluted. C．It has proper temperatures. D．It has rich resources for research. 74．What led to Hagedorn’s proposal of a lunar biobank? A．The solar-powered cooling system. B．The lava tubes on the moon’s surface. C．The problem facing the Norway Vault. D．The discovery of ice on the lunar pole. 75．What can scientists use fibroblasts to do? A．Form stem cells for cloning. B．Explore moon soil conditions. C．Help land humans on the moon. D．Improve the eco-system of the earth. 76．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Lunar Exploration: The Next Frontier for Cloning B．Relieving Climate Change: The Moon Biobank Project C．The Moon as a Backup: A New Solution for Seed Storage D．Building Biobanks on the Moon: A Proposal to Save Biodiversity 【答案】73．C 74．C 75．A 76．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上濒危物种。 73．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This part of the moon usually remains around -196° Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells long-term(月球的这一部分通常保持在零下196摄氏度左右，非常适合长期储存大多数动物细胞)”可知，月球温度适宜，是建立生物库的理想之地，故选C。 74．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of below-zero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. In 2017, melting (融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault, highlighting the need for a backup plan.(Hagedorn和他的同事们从挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库获得了灵感，该种子库利用北极零下的温度保存了来自世界各地的数百万颗种子。2017年，融化的冻土有可能淹没了种子库，这凸显了后备计划的必要性)”可知，挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库面临的问题致使Hagedorn提出建立一个月球生物库，故选C。 75．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Given the shadowy south pole’s low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store “one of the most powerful cells that we have today” — fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, “and then those stem cells can be used for cloning,” she says.(Hagedorn说，鉴于南极阴暗地区的低温，那里的一个储藏室可以储存“我们今天拥有的最强大的细胞之一”——成纤维细胞。科学家们可以将这些动物细胞转化为干细胞，“然后这些干细胞可以用于克隆，”她说。)”可知，成纤维细胞可以转化为干细胞用于克隆，故选A。 76．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an out-of-this-world solution: building one of these vaults (库) on the moon.(现在，一组研究人员正在集思广益，想出一个天外飞行的解决方案：在月球上建造一个这样的储藏库)”可知，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上濒危物种。D项“在月球上建立生物库：拯救生物多样性的建议”为最佳标题，故选D。 Passage 7 (24-25高二下·云南文山文山第一中学·期中) In April 1874, an art exhibit opened in Paris featuring famous and priceless works of art. However, at the time, no one knew that these paintings would one day be considered masterpieces. The paintings and the painters were actually unknown at the time and would remain that way for several years. In the nineteenth century, French art was dominated by the Academy of Fine Arts. Every year the academy held an art show called Le Salon, the annual French state-sponsored (国家资助的) exhibition that offered the only real opportunity for artists to display and sell their work. In 1863, the Academy rejected one of the paintings of Édouard Manet. Manet and a group of other independent artists organized their own show, which they called Salon des Reuses (Salon of the Rejected), which opened on April 15,1874. A newspaper critic named Louis Leroy visited the gallery and was not pleased with what he saw. One painting of boats in a harbor at dawn by Claude Monet particularly angered him. It was called Impression: Sunset. Leroy wrote that this piece, and in fact most of the pieces in the show, looked like “impressions” — a term for a preparatory, unfinished sketch (草图) made before a painting is done. Leroy’s newspaper review was jokingly called “The Exhibition of the Impressionists.” Within a few years of Leroy’s review, the term Impressionists had clearly stuck, not as a term to deride impressionists but as a badge of honor, and a new movement was born. At the same time, the far-reaching Industrial Revolution promoted a new faith in the individual and his unlimited potential. The Impressionists Or “Independents” as they preferred to be called, brought together a wide variety of these influences, beliefs, and styles when they first exhibited and met in Paris cafés to discuss art. Their rejection of the Academy and the Academy’s rejection of them united the group. Impressionism was then regarded as a break from the rigid conventions of the art establishment, conveying a spirit of innovation and rebellion (反叛), a desire to reject the backward and explore new ways of seeing and representing the world. 85．What do we know about the Salon des Refuses? A．It promoted traditional French painting styles. B．It was organized and financed by Claude Monet. C．It displayed items the Academy had turned down. D．It was an annual French state-sponsored exhibition. 86．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Why Impressionists were not accepted. B．How Impressionists got their name. C．Why Louis Leroy criticized Claude Monet. D．How Impressionists gained recognition. 87．What does the underlined word “deride” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Make fun of. B．Take charge of. C．Speak highly of. D．Be aware of. 88．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Salon des Refuses A Newborn of Fine Arts B．The Rise of Impressionism: A New Art Movement C．Louis Leroy: The Critic Who Changed Art History D．The Industrial Revolution: The Impact on French Art 【答案】85．C 86．B 87．A 88．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是印象派的起源、得名以及他们如何作为一个新的艺术运动崛起。 85．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1863, the Academy rejected one of the paintings of Édouard Manet. Manet and a group of other independent artists organized their own show, which they called Salon des Reuses (Salon of the Rejected), which opened on April 15,1874. (1863年，美术学院拒绝了Édouard Manet的一幅画作。于是，Manet与其他一群独立艺术家自行组织了一场展览，他们称之为“落选者沙龙”（Salon des Refusés），并于1874年4月15日开幕。)”可知，Salon des Refuses展示了学院拒绝接受的项目。故选C。 86．主旨大意题。根据第三段“A newspaper critic named Louis Leroy visited the gallery and was not pleased with what he saw. One painting of boats in a harbor at dawn by Claude Monet particularly angered him. It was called Impression: Sunset. Leroy wrote that this piece, and in fact most of the pieces in the show, looked like “impressions” — a term for a preparatory, unfinished sketch (草图) made before a painting is done. Leroy’s newspaper review was jokingly called “The Exhibition of the Impressionists.” Within a few years of Leroy’s review, the term Impressionists had clearly stuck, not as a term to deride impressionists but as a badge of honor, and a new movement was born. (一位名叫Louis Leroy的报纸评论家参观了展览，并对所看到的作品感到不满。尤其是Claude Monet的一幅描绘黎明时分港口船只的画作让他尤为恼火。这幅画名为《Impression: Sunset》。Leroy写道，这幅画，实际上展览中的大多数作品，看起来都像是“印象”——即在画作完成前所做的准备性、未完成的草图。Leroy的报纸评论被戏称为“印象派展览”。在Leroy评论后的几年内，“印象派”这个词显然被固定了下来，不再是用来嘲笑印象派艺术家的词，而是成为了一种荣誉的象征，一个新的艺术运动就此诞生。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是印象派的名字是怎么来的。故选B。 87．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“the term Impressionists had clearly stuck (印象派这个词显然被沿用了下来)”和“but as a badge of honor (而是作为一种荣誉勋章)”可知，在Leroy的评论之后的几年里，“印象派”这个词显然已经固定下来，不再是用来嘲笑印象派艺术家的词，而是成为了一种荣誉的象征，划线词deride意为“嘲笑”，和Make fun of意思相近。故选A。 88．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“It was called Impression: Sunset. Leroy wrote that this piece, and in fact most of the pieces in the show, looked like “impressions” — a term for a preparatory, unfinished sketch (草图) made before a painting is done. Leroy’s newspaper review was jokingly called “The Exhibition of the Impressionists.” Within a few years of Leroy’s review, the term Impressionists had clearly stuck, not as a term to deride impressionists but as a badge of honor, and a new movement was born. (这幅画名为《Impression: Sunset》。Leroy写道，这幅画，实际上展览中的大多数作品，看起来都像是“印象”——即在画作完成前所做的准备性、未完成的草图。Leroy的报纸评论被戏称为“印象派展览”。在Leroy评论后的几年内，“印象派”这个词显然被固定了下来，不再是用来嘲笑印象派艺术家的词，而是成为了一种荣誉的象征，一个新的艺术运动就此诞生。)”可知，本文主要讲的是印象派的起源、得名以及他们如何作为一个新的艺术运动崛起，因此最好的题目是B选项“The Rise of Impressionism: A New Art Movement (印象派的兴起：一个新的艺术运动)”。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 议论文 阅读理解D篇 以下汇编的阅读理解D篇按三大主题分类排列，按难度由基础至进阶提升排列： 主题01 人与自然——环境保护、生态意识 1.南极微塑料污染研究，呼吁减少塑料生产｜难度0.65 2. 海藻作为未来食物，论证饮食文化变革的可行性｜难度0.4 主题02 人与自我——心理发展、健康观念、个人成长 1. 敬畏体验对孩子成长的重要性，呼吁家长重视｜难度0.65 2. 从历史、饮食、中医角度论证中国人喝热水的文化根源｜难度0.65 主题03 人与社会——文化差异、社会现象、科技创新 1. 中外烧烤文化对比，论证烧烤在社交中的独特作用｜难度0.85 2. 论证哥本哈根环保旅游项目，促进可持续旅游。｜难度0.85 3. 讨论AI对写作职业的冲击｜难度0.65 4. 论证传统肌肉车在环保法规和电动化趋势下面临的转型｜难度0.65 挑战。 5. 分析多国文化习俗差异，论证跨文化理解的重要性。｜难度0.65 6. 论证在月球建立生物库以保护地球生物多样性的科学构想｜难度0.65 。 7. 分析印象派艺术运动对传统艺术的反叛精神｜难度0.65 主题01 人与自然——环境保护、生态意识 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南保山·期中) New research has found microplastics within Antarctic snow from multiple locations across the world’s most remote wilderness, which warns that no part of the planet is safe from plastic pollution. The paper, published this month in Science, provides evidence that earlier studies have underestimated the range of micro-plastic poison in the region. With advanced techniques for detection of tiny materials, researchers collected snow samples from three remote research bases across Antarctica: Union Glacier, Schanz Glacier, and the South Pole. They dug 8 to 16 inches down to examine plastic likely buried in the last year or two. The results were alarming: microplastics were found at over 3,000 particles (微粒) per liter, of which 95% were under 50 microns (微米), smaller than a human hair. Polyamide, used in outdoor equipment, was the most common type at Union and Schanz Glaciers, while Polyethylene dominated at the South Pole. These particles likely originated from local sources like research stations, but they may also have traveled through the atmosphere from distant locations, as suggested by Sedat Gündoğdu, a micro-plastic researcher in Turkey. He noted that microplastics can be transported by ocean currents and stored by snowfall. These particles with tiny sizes are particularly concerning, as anything smaller than 100microns can enter the bodies of many organisms, including fish, penguins, and humans. When taken in, these particles can impede the species’ eating, limit their growth, and prevent health and reproduction, ultimately threatening the survival of these species. Study co-author Emily Rowlands emphasized that micro-plastic pollution is likely impacting the ability of polar species to handle climate change and other human-related pressures. The fact that human activity is leaving a “sizable micro-plastic footprint in Antarctic snow” provides more reasons to act on this “global emergency,” Gündoğdu said. “We must cap plastic production to leave the earth less polluted for future generations and wildlife.” 5．What does the new research on Antarctic snow indicate? A．Plastic pollution is a global issue. B．Antarctic snow is free from pollution. C．Microplastics are discovered for the first time. D．Research stations are the main source of microplastics. 6．Why are the microplastics with tiny sizes particularly troubling? A．They are difficult to detect. B．They cannot be cleaned up. C．They can enter living organisms. D．They are more likely to be transported. 7．What does the underlined word “impede” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Promote. B．Obstruct. C．Benefit. D．Abandon. 8．Where is the passage likely taken from? A．A news report. B．A travel brochure. C．A health magazine. D．A geography textbook. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) The Earth’s population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Experts estimate food production will have to increase by 70 percent to keep pace with that growth. Previous methods of agriculture will soon no longer be an option. According to a 2018 study, we have to turn away from meat and dairy products. U.S. customers have proved themselves willing to test the waters. Americans spent $1.4 billion on plant-based meat in 2021, representing a market share of 2.7 percent of all meat sales. The plant-based food companies claim their burgers use less land and water and produce less greenhouse gases. But, consider the possibility that we left our most promising resource behind in the ocean. Will you swap meat for seaweed? “I think seaweed needs branding(品牌),” says Mark Kulsdom, co-founder of the memorably-named Dutch Weed Burger. As Kulsdom explained Dutch Weed Burgers are vegetarian but for meat eaters. A decade after launching their first product, he and his partners now sell about quarter of a million burgers each year. Ultimately, Kulsdom is striving for a culture change. “I believe we need to raise interest sometimes by using a bit of an unorthodox (非正统的) approach to things,” he adds. “When people get what they already know, it’s not that interesting. When their curiosity is awakened, that’s when new things and ideas can enter their minds.” In 2008, researchers discovered 14,000-year-old seaweed fragments (碎片) in southern Chile that had been pressed into cakes and clearly been cooked. As they wrote in Science, all seaweed recovered at the site are excellent sources of iodine, iron, zinc, protein, hormones and a wide range of elements. Though Mark Kulsdom’s Dutch Weed Burger sounds futuristic, one could argue that they’re revisiting one of the oldest stories we know. 69．How are plant-based burgers according to the companies? A．They are healthy. B．They are nutritious. C．They are delicious. D．They are environmentally friendly. 70．What does the underlined word “striving” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Leaving. B．Struggling. C．Preparing. D．Waiting. 71．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Chile is rich in seaweed. B．Seaweed was the major food source in Chile. C．People have long been using seaweed as food. D．Mark Kulsdom’s Dutch Weed Burger is too futuristic. 72．Where is the text most likely from? A．A newspaper. B．A science fiction. C．A travel guide. D．A textbook. 主题02 人与自我——心理发展、健康观念、个人成长 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南楚雄第一中学·期中) Awe experiences typically involve the perception of something incredibly vast or powerful, something that challenges one’s understanding of the world. These are often, but not always, encounters with nature, such as looking over mountains from an airplane, or standing at the foot of an enormous tree. New developmental research suggests the experience of awe is crucial for a child to grow stronger. Historically, awe has featured in psychological accounts of peak experiences. William James spoke extensively about various spiritual moments that intensely moved him and shaped his viewpoint. He felt strongly these peak experiences made for the deeper development of a person’s inner world. Contemporary researchers theorize that awe may have helped our ancestors survive throughout history and continues to impart positive effects today. Previous studies have shown awe can be instrumental to the formation of social groups and can set off helpful social behaviors among adults. But our research shows that perceptions of awe start much earlier in life. Four to nine-year-old children perceive and respond to awe-inspiring experiences and differentiate them from everyday experiences. When watching fantastic footage of sweeping natural scenes, the children perceived themselves as smaller — a phenomenon known as the “small self”— in comparison with how they felt after watching footage of everyday nature imagery. They further reported being filled with power, believing they were capable of achieving great things. Additionally, they felt a sense of curiosity and a desire to explore more, seeing themselves as adventurers on a journey of discovery. In our busy lives, nevertheless, potential moments of awe often get overlooked. With the pressure to achieve seeping (渗透) into childhood earlier and earlier, it's easy to understand why you, as a parent, might be more focused on getting your children to the next activity or competition. However, as you become more receptive to sources of awe and knowledgeable about its importance during development, you’ll most likely see them obtain considerable advantages when giving awe experiences greater priority. 96．Which aspect of awe experience does the new study highlight? A．Its historical origin. B．Places of its occurrence. C．Its benefits for kids. D．Its impacts on adults’ behavior. 97．What does the underlined word “impart” mean in paragraph 3? A．Restrict. B．Withdraw. C．Generate. D．Transform. 98．How did the children feel when viewing footage of breathtaking scenery? A．Contented. B．Motivated. C．Panicked. D．Confused. 99．What’s the purpose of the author in writing the last paragraph? A．To appeal to parents for a change. B．To advocate a care-free childhood life. C．To state his point on the fast-paced society. D．To describe a common cultural phenomenon. Passage 2 (23-24高二下·云南玉溪师范学院附属中学·期中) Many westerners find it so interesting that they always see Chinese people carry a vacuum (真空) cup no matter which season it is. If you go to a restaurant in western countries, they usually serve you a cup of cold water, sometimes even with ice. And every time when Chinese people ask the waiter if they can change to hot water, actually they may receive a strange look from the waiter or people nearby. Hot water? Seriously? Why do Chinese people drink hot water? The answer may exist in the following aspects. Actually, water quality became a matter of debate in the 1930s in China, when the water supplies were polluted. In order to prevent people from infectious diseases, the government suggested people drinking boiled water, because they considered it a way to kill off bacteria. They always boiled water daily and stored it in a kettle to keep the water warm for the day. Even now, you can find hot water devices everywhere, in schools, factories, and government departments across the country. Besides, it is well known that Chinese people prefer hot meals every day. Therefore, some parents always teach their children to drink hot water with meals, because they think mixing cold liquids with hot meals is really bad for the stomach, and cold liquids may solidify fats in your stomach, which can cause digestive problems, while hot liquids aid in digestion. According to the traditional Chinese medicine, health is due to an internal balance of Yin and Yang. In the Yin-Yang theory, water is Yin-type while hot stuff is Yang-type, drinking hot water can enrich Yin and tonify (滋补) Yang in your body, keeping Yin and Yang in balance. If you have cold symptoms or other Yin-type imbalances such as frequent chills, thirst, depression or sleepiness, hot water plays the role of the Yang and brings your body back into balance. Doctors of traditional Chinese medicine always tell patients to drink more hot water. 77．Why did the author describe the scene in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To compare East with West. C．To narrate an experience. D．To illustrate a phenomenon. 78．What can we know about the 1930s in China? A．Water quality was improved by boiling water. B．Infectious diseases struck the country seriously. C．Polluting substances entered the water supplies. D．More devices were introduced to keep water warm. 79．Which of the followings can Chinese people agree with? A．Hot water can cure people of depression. B．Cold liquids may soften fats in people’s stomach. C．Drinking water with meals does good to digestion. D．Imbalance of Yin and Yang contributes to ill health. 80．Which is the best title for the text? A．Why Do Chinese People Drink Hot Water? B．Hot Water & Cold Water, Which is Better? C．The Cultural Differences Home and Abroad. D．Drinking Water is Essential to Human Health. 主题03 人与社会——文化差异、社会现象、科技创新 Passage 1 (23-24高二下·云南三校联考·期中) No doubt one of China’s greatest resources is its diverse cuisine. One of the most popular foods to be found is no doubt the street snacks that make up a large part of everyday life. “Compared with A Bite of China, which showcases chefs’ cooking processes and demonstrates delicious cuisine on air, Chinese Barbecue is more down-to-earth in depicting the people,” commented a viewer. The new documentary series, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food option that sizzles (咝咝作响) over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country. Barbecued meat shining over hot coal containers, while not as elegant as some of the fine dining options in China, is an essential part of people’s night life. The pleasant smell and atmosphere surrounding the grilled (烤的) street food is “something that could entice people to fly downstairs at night,” the documentary claims. In many Chinese eyes, barbecue, regarded as the most ordinary and common night street snack, is different from homemade food by mothers which is a symbol of kinship (亲切感). Barbecue is where you become connected to people in society. And unlike official business lunches, during which people are rather reserved and polite, barbecue lets people cut loose and relax with old friends and newly made friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship. On the other side of the world, in the United States, BBQ, well received by all ages, demonstrates the even more enthusiastic personality of Americans, who grill large steaks on their outdoor stoves at home and enjoy competing to see who has the better cooking skills. It’s safe to say that the world, as a whole, holds deep-rooted good feelings toward barbecue, either for the taste or the warmth generated by fire. 53．Where is the text probably be taken from? A．Life and health. B．Food and culture. C．Art and culture. D．Sports and health. 54．What does the underlined word “entice” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Attract. B．Influence. C．Prevent. D．Enrich. 55．What makes barbecue different from other food in Chinese’s view? A．It’s rich in favors. B．It is served with delicate dishes. C．It helps keep people connected. D．It requires a more reserved and polite atmosphere. 56．The last paragraph talks about __________. A．BBQ is favored by Americans B．the bond between Chinese and Westerners C．the lifestyle of people in the United States D．the difference between Chinese BBQ and American BBQ Passage 2 (23-24高二下·云南三校联考·期中) I am a product of mixed cultures (dad is Arab, mom is American), and I have grown up with cultural differences all my life. This has made me very conscious of watching what people do in different cultures around the world. Cross cultural understanding is really necessary if you want to get along with people from other places. It is very common, and not considered rude to ask a person’s age in Japan when you meet them for the first time. The Japanese language is a rich and complex language that has different words to use depending on the age or the person you are talking to. Therefore, it’s important for people to know your age range so as not to offend (冒犯) you by showing you less respect than you are due. Hand gestures and signals are always better to use only in your home country where you understand what they mean. In Turkey, for example, allowing your thumb to protrude between your second and third finger in a fist is extremely rude. Also, don’t make an “OK” gesture, unless you mean to call someone a fool. Don’t touch anyone’s head in Malaysia, especially babies. Pointing is also considered rude in Malaysia, where directions are normally given with an open hand. Giving gifts in China can get you into trouble. Certain gifts in China can cause great offence, such as giving cut flowers, which is only done at funerals. Giving a clock is seen as bad luck since the words “giving a clock” sound just like the words “attending a funeral”. A gift of shoes would be interpreted as giving a gift of evil. Nothing is expected to be associated with the word “four” because it sounds like the word “death”. 57．Why do Japanese like to ask others’ ages? A．To avoid being offensive. B．To satisfy their curiosity. C．To show their concerns. D．To get further communication. 58．What does “pointing” mean in Malaysia? A．An agreement. B．A request. C．Some help. D．Rudeness. 59．What should you avoid doing in China according to the text? a. Sending cut flowers to others. b. Buying a clock for your friend. c. Giving a pair of shoes to others. d. Make an “OK” gesture. A．a, b, c. B．a, c, d. C．a, b, d. D．a, b, c, d. 60．Which of the following can be a suitable title for this text? A．Communication Makes A Difference B．Cultural Communication in Western Countries C．Cultural Differences Around the World D．How to Deal With Culture Shock Passage 3 (24-25高二下·昆明第十二中学教育集团·期中) A French cook is preparing foods with something surprising: insects. The European Union has recently approved some sorts of insects as an acceptable food product. Insects provide many nutrients and are an environmentally friendly food. The food Laurent Veyet prepares is not for those with little bravery. However, what he is preparing may point to the future of feeding a growing world population. One of his foods is a prawn salad with yellow mealworms. The Parisian cook talked about the perfect meal for first-times. He was preparing a pasta made with crushed mealworms, sweet potatoes and young insects cooked on the stove. He said, “There are some really interesting flavors. Not many people could say they don’t like that.” The European Food Safety Agency, EFSA, in January said the mealworm is acceptable for humans to eat. The agency is considering more than 12 other requests to approve other insect-based food products. Mealworms, and insects more generally, could provide a sustainable food source that produces low greenhouse gases for the future. Veyet grows his mealworms on site. He feeds them cooked grains and vegetables. The mealworm can be used in many different meals. It can be cooked whole and eaten, or it can be ground to help make foods like bread. Stefan De Keersmaecker is a health and food safety spokesman at the European Commission. He said, “Insects are nutritious.” He also said that insects can help us change to a more healthy and sustainable diet and food system. There are two battles Veyet must win. He needs to win over public opinion and learn how to combine the taste of insects with other foods. He said that he must find the right taste as well as the right food combinations. He said that is very interesting to do and any cook would tell you the same. 1．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 2? A．The food looks frightening. B．The food smells terrible. C．The food tastes delicious. D．The food is very special. 2．What do we learn about Laurent Veyet? A．He was a traditional cook. B．He was worried about people’s reaction. C．He bought mealworms from shops. D．He was confident about his food. 3．What would be Stefan De Keersmaecker’s attitude to Laurent Veyet’s new food? A．Skeptical. B．Favourable. C．Confused. D．Negative. 4．What’s the author’s final conclusion about Laurent Veyet’s new attempt? A．It will face challenges. B．It will be successful. C．It will go smoothly. D．It will meet with failure. Passage 4 (24-25高二下·云南保山·期中) At the 2025 Asian Winter Games, a robotic dog was autonomously inspecting the surroundings to identify potential danger and ensure safety. This remarkable application is a vivid example of what Embodied AI (具身智能) is — a field that integrates artificial intelligence with physical systems like robots to enable real-world interaction. The core (核心) of Embodied AI is its world model, designed for its operating environment. This model is supported by different learning approaches, which use sensors and policy-based methods to determine routes, while active inference imitates the human brain’s operation. These models continuously analyze environmental data and update the world model in time, allowing Embodied AI to develop rapidly. For instance, a robotic arm can improve its handling techniques by physically controlling objects and adjusting its actions based on feedback. This ability to learn and adapt through interaction is what sets Embodied AI apart from other forms of AI. Despite its potential, Embodied AI still has a winding road to go. For example, safety concerns, gaps between imitation and real-world applications, and lack of standards are critical issues. Besides, given technical limits, such as not being able to climb stairs smoothly, Embodied AI also needs to learn how to transfer and apply knowledge to real-world environments. Nevertheless, the future of Embodied AI is promising. Experts predict that the Embodied AI market could reach 86. 1 billion yuan ($12 billion) in China alone by 2030. This means robots may soon help at home, like taking care of the elderly, teaching kids, or cleaning. They could also be useful in emergencies, like rescuing people during disasters. Dr. Siyuan Huang, head of the Beijing Institute of General Artificial Intelligence, noted, “Our work represents a vital step towards building general embodied agents. We need to further explore areas such as 3D vision-language adjustment and bridge the gap between visual-language capability and action.” The journey has just begun, and the possibilities are endless. “Embodied AI will reshape our world, just like smartphones did.” he added. 9．Why does the author mention the robotic dog at the 2025 Asian Winter Games? A．To describe the potential dangers of Embodied AI. B．To introduce the topic of Embodied AI and its applications. C．To compare the performance of robots with human athletes. D．To emphasize the advanced technology used in sports events. 10．Which of the following is an application of Embodied AI? A．A computer program analyzing data. B．An app providing language translation. C．A smart machine adjusting temperature. D．A cleaning robot learning to tidy up rooms. 11．What can we learn about Embodied AI according to Dr. Siyuan Huang? A．It needs to be improved. B．It has reached its potential. C．It will have little impact on our lives. D．It will replace human labor in the future. 12．How is the passage organized? ①Definition ②Challenges ③Future prospects ④Working principles A．①—②—③—④ B．①—④—②—③ C．③—①—④—② D．④—①—②—③ Passage 5 (24-25高二下·云南昭通镇雄县第四中学·期中) Copenhagen is a beautiful city of Denmark that attracts a lot of tourists, especially during the summer. Though tourism is great for the economy, it is also bad for the environment. Now tourists who take part in green activities like picking up rubbish, using public transport (交通), or biking around the city are rewarded (回报) with food and activities. This project is called CopenPay, whose purpose is to help reduce the environmental costs of tourism. The project was introduced by Copenhagen’s official tourism organization to get tourists to act in an eco-friendlier way according to the Wonderful Copenhagen website. Though it is trust- based, some places may ask you to show a photo of you doing a green activity or a train ticket. Though the largest environmental cost is the transportation to Copenhagen, especially if you fly or drive, the tourist board’s communications chief (旅游局通信主管) Rikke Holm Petersen said, “One of the things we can change is getting people to act in an eco-friendlier way at the destination.” There are now 24 members in the program, reported Forbes, including museums. restaurants, and urban experiences for tourists to take part in. While there are several places offering free ice cream or coffee for taking public transport, there are other experiences that are related to Danish culture. Visitors to the National Gallery who bring plastic waste can take part in a workshop to turn the rubbish into a piece of art. Tourists can help care for the gardens at the Blixen Museum for free admission. There are free tours at the Cisternerne underground art hall if you walk or bike to the place. You can also get a free lunch for volunteering at an urban farm. While none of these activities will make a huge influence on the environment, it’ll change people’s thoughts and that may be the most important thing tourists can bring home from their vacation. 61．How can you get free food as a visitor to Copenhagen? A．By sharing a car. B．By taking a bus to travel. C．By helping old people. D．By taking care of wild animals. 62．What does the author want to show by mentioning Rikke Holm Petersen? A．The difficulty of the project. B．The success in the project. C．The reason for the project. D．The guess at the project. 63．What do we know about eco-friendly actions in Copenhagen? A．They are praised on websites. B．They take place mostly in museums. C．They get rewarded in different ways. D．They want to show Danish culture. 64．What is the importance of CopenPay according to the text? A．Changing the local environment greatly. B．Making tourists think highly of Copenhagen. C．Helping get more money from local tourism. D．Developing people’s environmental understanding. Passage 6 (24-25高二下·云南楚雄第一中学·期中) As more and more species near extinction, scientists have been collecting samples from animals, plants and other creatures and storing them in biobanks across the globe. But climate change, environmental disasters and wars threaten these modern Noah’s arks. Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an out-of-this-world solution: building one of these vaults (库) on the moon. A biobank in a permanently shadowed region at the moon’s south pole could be far more stable than those on Earth. This part of the moon usually remains around -196° Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells long-term, marine biologist Mary Hagedorn and colleagues report in BioScience. Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of below-zero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. In 2017, melting (融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault, highlighting the need for a backup plan. A different team has proposed building a lunar ark in lava (熔岩) tubes that run beneath the moon’s surface. But that design requires a solar-powered cooling system; any loss of power and the samples would be destroyed. In the moon’s forever-frozen shadowed regions, a lunar vault wouldn’t need energy or constant human maintenance, Hagedorn’s team says. Given the shadowy south pole’s low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store “one of the most powerful cells that we have today” — fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, “and then those stem cells can be used for cloning,” she says. The cells could be valuable for regenerating populations of threatened or extinct species and for building ecosystems in future human settlements on the moon or Mars. The proposal has its share of barriers. For instance, the moon’s permanently dark regions aren’t free from temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen of the Johns Hopkins University. “They are still cold but perhaps not always cold enough for this project without some level of temperature management.” 73．Why is the moon an ideal place for the biobank? A．It’s not affected by wars. B．It’s not environmentally polluted. C．It has proper temperatures. D．It has rich resources for research. 74．What led to Hagedorn’s proposal of a lunar biobank? A．The solar-powered cooling system. B．The lava tubes on the moon’s surface. C．The problem facing the Norway Vault. D．The discovery of ice on the lunar pole. 75．What can scientists use fibroblasts to do? A．Form stem cells for cloning. B．Explore moon soil conditions. C．Help land humans on the moon. D．Improve the eco-system of the earth. 76．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Lunar Exploration: The Next Frontier for Cloning B．Relieving Climate Change: The Moon Biobank Project C．The Moon as a Backup: A New Solution for Seed Storage D．Building Biobanks on the Moon: A Proposal to Save Biodiversity Passage 7 (24-25高二下·云南文山文山第一中学·期中) In April 1874, an art exhibit opened in Paris featuring famous and priceless works of art. However, at the time, no one knew that these paintings would one day be considered masterpieces. The paintings and the painters were actually unknown at the time and would remain that way for several years. In the nineteenth century, French art was dominated by the Academy of Fine Arts. Every year the academy held an art show called Le Salon, the annual French state-sponsored (国家资助的) exhibition that offered the only real opportunity for artists to display and sell their work. In 1863, the Academy rejected one of the paintings of Édouard Manet. Manet and a group of other independent artists organized their own show, which they called Salon des Reuses (Salon of the Rejected), which opened on April 15,1874. A newspaper critic named Louis Leroy visited the gallery and was not pleased with what he saw. One painting of boats in a harbor at dawn by Claude Monet particularly angered him. It was called Impression: Sunset. Leroy wrote that this piece, and in fact most of the pieces in the show, looked like “impressions” — a term for a preparatory, unfinished sketch (草图) made before a painting is done. Leroy’s newspaper review was jokingly called “The Exhibition of the Impressionists.” Within a few years of Leroy’s review, the term Impressionists had clearly stuck, not as a term to deride impressionists but as a badge of honor, and a new movement was born. At the same time, the far-reaching Industrial Revolution promoted a new faith in the individual and his unlimited potential. The Impressionists Or “Independents” as they preferred to be called, brought together a wide variety of these influences, beliefs, and styles when they first exhibited and met in Paris cafés to discuss art. Their rejection of the Academy and the Academy’s rejection of them united the group. Impressionism was then regarded as a break from the rigid conventions of the art establishment, conveying a spirit of innovation and rebellion (反叛), a desire to reject the backward and explore new ways of seeing and representing the world. 85．What do we know about the Salon des Refuses? A．It promoted traditional French painting styles. B．It was organized and financed by Claude Monet. C．It displayed items the Academy had turned down. D．It was an annual French state-sponsored exhibition. 86．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Why Impressionists were not accepted. B．How Impressionists got their name. C．Why Louis Leroy criticized Claude Monet. D．How Impressionists gained recognition. 87．What does the underlined word “deride” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Make fun of. B．Take charge of. C．Speak highly of. D．Be aware of. 88．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Salon des Refuses A Newborn of Fine Arts B．The Rise of Impressionism: A New Art Movement C．Louis Leroy: The Critic Who Changed Art History D．The Industrial Revolution: The Impact on French Art / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $