专题05 阅读理解C篇 说明文（期中真题汇编，云南专用）高二英语下学期

专题05 说明文 阅读理解C篇 以下汇编的阅读理解体裁为说明文，按三大主题分类，并按难度系数由高到低排序： 主题01 人与自我——心理发展、健康观念、个人成长 1. 激光相机监测心跳｜难度0.65 介绍远程监测心跳技术。 2. 奇迹果作为糖替代品｜难度0.65 介绍奇迹果的特性及替代潜力。 3. 婴儿自我识别研究｜难度0.65 揭示触摸体验对婴儿自我识别的影响。 4. 彩叶草的园艺价值｜难度0.85 介绍彩叶草多样性及育种历程。 主题02 人与社会——文化差异、科技创新、社会现象 1. Natural Reader程序介绍｜难度0.85 介绍文本转语音程序的功能与应用。 2. 24节气的文化意义｜难度0.65 分析24节气对农业、养生及人生观的影响。 3. AI与濒危语言保护｜难度0.65 讨论人工智能在保护濒危语言中的作用。 4. 贝聿铭与卢浮宫金字塔｜难度0.65 介绍贝聿铭设计卢浮宫金字塔的历程。 5. 脑控机械臂技术｜难度0.65 介绍脑机接口技术帮助瘫痪患者恢复功能。 6. 基因疗法的发展历程｜难度0.65 回顾基因疗法的成功与挑战。 7. 生物钟基因的性别差异｜难度0.65 研究生物钟基因在男女中的不同作用。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护、动物行为、生态意识 1. 海豚使用婴儿语｜难度0.85 研究发现海豚与幼崽交流使用特殊音调。 2. Wild Shaale环保教育项目｜难度0.65 讲述教育改变学生对野生动物的看法。 3. 佛罗里达海牛饮食变化｜难度0.65 研究海牛转向食用海藻的健康威胁。 4. 蝴蝶眼状斑点的作用｜难度0.65 研究眼状斑点如何吓退捕食者。 主题01 人与自我——心理发展、健康观念、个人成长 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南师范大学附属中学·期中) Glasgow University researchers have created a laser (激光) camera using AI and quantum technologies to remotely detect a person’s heartbeat, potentially changing health monitoring. Professor Faccio imagines various applications, such as setting up this technology in shopping malls or fixing laser heart monitors in homes. These monitors could be part of an extensive system tracking different health aspects, such as blood pressure and slight changes in movement, indicating early signs of conditions like Alzheimer’s. Monitoring a person’s heartbeat from a distance holds significant value, as it can detect irregularities like abnormal heart rates, providing crucial warnings of potential heart issues. In contrast to the traditional use of stethoscopes (听诊器), this system overcomes limitations associated with proper stethoscope usage, such as the need for training and the potential reduction of heartbeat signals. The system developed by Faccio and his team involves high-speed cameras which can record images at speeds of 2, 000 frames per second. A laser beam is shone on to the skin of a person’s throat and the reflections are used to measure exactly how much their skin is rising and falling as their main artery (动脉) expands and contracts as blood is forced through it. These changes involve movements of only a few billionths of a metre. Such acuity is striking, though on its own the tracking of these tiny changes would not be enough to track a heartbeat. Other, much larger movements occur on a person’s chest — from their breathing, for example — which would flood signals from their heartbeat. “That is where AI comes in,” Faccio said. “We use advanced computing systems to separate out everything except the vibrations caused by a person’s heartbeat. We know the frequency range of the human heartbeat, and the AI focuses on that. The prime use of this technology — which we hope to have ready next year — will be to measure heartbeats easily and quickly outside hospitals. The benefits could be considerable.” 49．What can the laser camera do? A．It can directly measure a person’s blood pressure. B．It can remotely monitor a person’s heartbeat. C．It can diagnose Alzheimer’s disease accurately. D．It can replace traditional stethoscopes completely. 50．What can we infer from the passage about the traditional use of stethoscopes? A．They are more accurate than the new laser camera. B．They can be used correctly without any training. C．They may not always effectively capture heartbeat signals. D．They haven’t been used since the laser camera was invented. 51．What does the underlined word “acuity” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Complexity. B．Precision. C．Frequency. D．Stability. 52．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new health monitoring technology. B．To discuss the potential applications of AI in medical fields. C．To emphasize the importance of early detection of heart problems. D．To compare the traditional and new ways of monitoring heartbeat. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·云南玉溪第一中学·期中) Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods to provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet. In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mostly used as a sweetener to have with sour foods and drinks, says Dedeou from a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin (奇迹果蛋白) is very appreciated by local consumers, especially the kids and people with diabetes (糖尿病). Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow. To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoue whose team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome (基因图谱) of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. Spanish start-up Baia Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry’s taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your tongue, then try tasting acidic foods, such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes. 17．What do we know about Synsepalum dulcificum? A．It contains high calories. B．It is related to weight gain. C．It grows fast in West Africa. D．It doesn’t taste sweet itself. 18．What is the problem with miracle berries? A．They are difficult to produce and transport. B．They are not as healthy as expected. C．They are not liked by consumers. D．They have a short-term effect. 19．What can we say about tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries from the last paragraph? A．They are sour. B．They are accessible. C．They are inexpensive. D．They are adaptable. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Miracle Berries: A Promising Sugar Substitute B．Miracle Berries: A Popular Fruit in Benin C．Miracle Berries: A Costly Product Online D．Miracle Berries: A Genetically Engineered Wonder Passage 3 (24-25高二下·云南昭通第一中学·) The experience of touch is key to babies beginning to recognize themselves in a mirror, new research shows, which usually happens when babies are about a year and a half old. “Babies pulling on their toes (脚趾) or hitting lightly their fingers are not just playing,” says Jeffrey Lockman, senior author of the research paper. “They are trying to recognize themselves.” The researchers began by placing small vibrating (震动的) discs on the foreheads of babies around 14 months old, before the usual age at which self-recognition occurs. In response to the vibration, they would reach up and touch the discs. Next, researchers turned the children to face a mirror and watched as they reached up to touch the discs. The researchers then had the children perform the standard mirror-mark test for self-recognition in which a small mark of paint or makeup was placed on each child’s face. If the child looked in the mirror and touched the mark on their own face or said words like their name or “me”, they demonstrated self-recognition. The researchers also observed a control group of children exposed to the laboratory experience with mirrors but not the vibrating discs. The children who touched their face more frequently recognized themselves in the mirror about two months earlier, on average, than those who typically first begin to recognize-themselves in a mirror. This indicates a possible mechanism that self-awareness can develop based on engaged experiences that human babies naturally generate. The study challenges a long-standing assumption that self-recognition in early childhood is somehow hardwired. For a long time, scientists believed early recognition in the mirror was a built-in function of human brains and those of our closest primate (灵长类) relatives, rather than linked to sensory or motor experiences. “Interventions for babies who have issues related to motor skills are typically focused on reaching for objects in the external world and controlling them,” Lockman says. “According to our findings, reaching to the body is equally important and exploring the body is the gateway to self-knowledge.” 13．Why do babies hit their fingers lightly at an early age? A．To explore their surroundings. B．To build up self-identification. C．To signal their self-recognition. D．To engage in playful activities. 14．How did the babies in the experiment form self-recognition? A．Through active exploration. B．By seeing vibration in mirrors. C．Through word-related response. D．By copying others’ movements. 15．What is a common misunderstanding of early-childhood self-recognition? A．It is an inborn capability. B．It develops through learning. C．It is related to experiences. D．It exists in men and animals. 16．What do the findings suggest about treating children’s motor delays? A．Staring at themselves in the mirror. B．Intervening as early as possible. C．Enhancing external motor activities. D．Having interactions with their bodies. Passage 4 (24-25高二下·云南丽江第一高级中学·期中) Coleus (彩叶草) is truly a standout in the plant world. Its leaves display an astonishing variety of colors, making it a game-changer in garden design, much like how the right decoration elements can transform a living space. Chris Baker, an enthusiast coleus breeder, has a long-standing bond with these plants. His journey with coleus traces back to the cuttings his grandmother was nurturing on the kitchen window, their vivid colors leaving a lasting mark on him. Baker’s path to becoming a coleus breeder was far from straightforward. After his ambitions of a music career faded, he took on different jobs. Eventually, a job in a greenhouse led him to his true calling. The sight of seedlings emerging from self-sown seeds inspired him to study hybridization. At first, he painstakingly used magnifying glasses (放大镜) and paintbrushes for pollination, but later discovered that bees could do the job just as well, if not better. The International Coleus Society has documented over 1, 800 named plant varieties, with an estimated 400-500 available commercially. Instead of taking the easy way out and sourcing from suppliers, Baker dedicated himself to breeding his own unique varieties. His greenhouse is home to around 50 of his self-developed coleus. Modern breeders, including Baker, focus on more than just leaf color. They’re also interested in traits like leaf size, shape, and the plant’s growth habits. Baker has successfully bred coleus that can tolerate more sunlight and have a denser growth pattern. Coleus’s genetic diversity provides countless opportunities for gardeners to create stunning displays. Moreover, the unique colors and patterns of coleus can also be used to create eye-catching plant combinations. For example, pairing a bright red-leaved coleus with some delicate white flowers can enhance the garden’s color contrast. Additionally, coleus plants are relatively easy to care for, making them a great choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. 25．Why does the author mention “decoration elements” in Paragraph 1? A．To stress the importance of coleus plants in home decoration. B．To illustrate coleus’s role in landscaping with a familiar comparison. C．To emphasize the economic value of garden design. D．To introduce basic requirements for coleus growth. 26．Which of the following statements about Baker is right? A．His grandmother’s coleus sparked his interest in coleus. B．His career path was smooth and well-planned. C．His first choice for pollination is Bees. D．His reliance on suppliers helped him create unique varieties. 27．What does the underlined word “novice” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．professional B．specialist C．master D．beginner 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of coleus cultivation in garden design. B．The vital role of bees in pollinating coleus plants. C．From music to garden design: Chris Baker’s unusual career. D．Coleus’s gardening value and Chris Baker’s breeding journey. 主题02 人与社会——文化差异、科技创新、社会现象 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南大理白族祥华中学·期中) Drag and drop your files, or type, paste, and edit text here. Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. Free users can use any available Free Voices unlimitedly, sample Premium Voices for 20 minutes per day, and Plus Voices for 5 minutes per day. Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages. You can also listen on the go with our mobile app. By using your phone’s camera, you can scan physical books and notes and change them into speech. Offline listening is also supported, making it convenient for travel or other situations where internet access is limited. If you are interested in using our voices for non-personal purposes, such as YouTube videos, e-learning, or other commercial or public projects, please check out our Natural Reader AI Voice Generator web application for more information and licensing options. Our Chrome extension allows you to listen to webpages, Google Docs, online Kindle books, and emails directly from your browser. The extension supports both free and subscription voices, depending on your plan. 93．What is the major function of Natural Reader? A．Create videos. B．Write a speech. C．Generate images. D．Turn text into audio. 94．What is only available for paid subscription? A．Offline use of LLM. B．Automatic text translation. C．Efficient voice cloning. D．Access to digitalized books. 95．What is the text? A．A subscription plan. B．A program user guide. C．A job advertisement. D．A mobile app review. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·云南昆明第一中学·期中) The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Winter Games kicked off with a 24-second countdown video of the 24 solar terms. The ceremony coincided with Lichun (Beginning of Spring), the first of the 24 solar terms of the year. Audiences around the world admired on the screen the changes in natural rhythm at different solar terms. Described in some books and documentaries, the ancient Chinese understood the importance of time in developing agriculture. They arranged farming activities based on the 24 solar terms. According to a survey by a British agronomist in the 19th century, farmers in China used the land well. With unchanged energy and labor, each acre of land could support six times more people than a similar plot in Britain at the time, demonstrating Chinese farmers’ deep understanding of time. The solar terms not only affect agriculture but shape Chinese regimen. The solar terms guide people to live and work out according to the laws of nature and to seek harmony with it. Lots of traditions and customs regarding the solar terms are sill popular, such as weighing oneself on Lixia (Beginning of Summer), eating newly harvested wheat on Xiaoman (Grain Buds) and gaining weight on Liqiu (Beginning of Autumn). Production and life follow the rhythm of time, as do individuals and society. The 24 solar terms not only mark changes of time, but also serve as cultural symbols reminding people to maintain certain principles. As the solar term Lichun arrives, it is the time for planning activities of plants and animals. For Chinese, it also means humans should develop self-discipline and avoid pursuing their own interests at the expense of other lives on the planet. As the name of the solar term Qingming (Pure Brightness) suggests, people should lead a life of honesty and fairness. 37．Why does the writer mention Beijing Olympic Winter Games? A．To praise the organizing committee. B．To present the solar terms to readers. C．To appeal to readers to admire the video. D．To introduce the changes in natural world. 38．What benefit does the solar terms bring to agriculture? A．Advanced sowing techniques. B．Increased grain harvests. C．Deepened understanding of labor. D．Improved energy use scheme. 39．What does the underlined word “regimen” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Rules about employing leisure time. B．Rules about controlling body weight. C．Rules about consuming nutritional food. D．Rules about maintaining physical health. 40．What can be inferred about the solar terms from the last paragraph? A．They reflect Chinese philosophy of life. B．They force people to lead an honest life. C．They enjoy increasing popularity in China. D．They escape people’s mind in modem times. Passage 3 (24-25高二下·云南昭通第一中学·) Languages represent far more than mere communication tools; they are complex carriers of cultural memory, showing unique viewpoints, cultural traditions, and collective wisdom. Language loss occurs when the final native speakers disappear, transforming vivid linguistic (语言的) traditions into historical artifacts. The loss of a language is not merely a loss of words but a deep loss of human heritage (遗产), disconnecting communities from their ancestral roots and their unique worldview. While language extinction is not a new phenomenon, languages are disappearing at the fastest rate in recorded history, with one language lost every three to four months. Artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced innovative methods for preserving and refreshing endangered languages, offering tools that were unimaginable in traditional linguistic research. Automated Transcription Tools can change spoken language into written text, while Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on extensive datasets to perform translations across a wide range of languages. While AI offers promising solutions, it faces a significant challenge which blocks its full potential. The vast majority of these endangered languages are underrepresented digitally. If one language doesn’t have a lot of text online, it will be less represented in those technologies. This digital divide is further worsened by the dominance of a few languages on the Internet. Consequently, endangered languages are often excluded from AI technologies, leaving their speakers pushed aside in the digital space. Tech companies, linguists and local communities are all vital in ensuring that AI tools are culturally relevant and technically effective, which can lead to the developments that meet the unique needs of each language community. By involving native speakers in the design and use of AI technologies, create resources that reflect the true-essence of the language and encourage a sense of ownership among community members. This shared approach is essential for building trust and ensuring the long-term sustainability of language preservation efforts. 5．Why are the roles of languages talked about in paragraph 1? A．To call for global language unity. B．To draw attention to lost languages. C．To show the effect of language loss. D．To prove the uniqueness of languages. 6．What major difficulty does AI face in handling endangered languages? A．Their limited speakers. B．Their poor digital data. C．The dominant languages. D．The backward technologies. 7．What does the author urge people to do in the end? A．Prioritize communities over experts! B．Meet common needs of communities. C．Create technically effective AI models. D．Make joint efforts at specific solutions. 8．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Save Dying Languages Through Technology. B．Bridge the Digital Language Gap with AI Tools. C．AI in Teaching People Endangered Languages. D．Fruitful Smart Projects in Language Protection. Passage 4 (24-25高二下·云南保山·期中) I. M. Pei (April 26,1917–May 16,2019), born in Guangzhou, China, is titled as the last master of modern architecture. As a world-known Chinese-American architect, Pei created numerous buildings combining modernism with Eastern elegance. It is for this reason that his works have been widely accepted and can be found across four continents and ten countries, establishing him as a top figure in this field, especially the remodeling of the Louvre Glass Pyramid. In 1980, when the palace became an old museum due to its aging facilities and the entrance could no longer accommodate the increasing visitors, French President Francois Mitterrand entrusted Pei to redesign the Louvre. Having visited the Louvre for countless times, Pei, at the age of 67, proposed a plan to build a glass pyramid in Napoleon Courtyard, which initially faced considerable criticism because it’s beyond imagination to use glass to build such a historical museum. A French newspaper criticized Pei’s pyramid as “an addition to Disneyland”. An environmental group joked it belonged to a desert. Others charged Pei with ruining one of the world’s greatest landmarks. After a lasting discussion, the design was chosen by thirteen museum directors for the values of mixing the past with the present. Thus, the Louvre reopened in the spring of 1989. Over the following years, the structure got to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics. Here comes the Louvre Glass Pyramid today—it stands 21 meters high and has a base width of 34 meters with 673 glass panels on its four sides, covering an area of approximately one thousand square meters, of which 80% are exhibition space. Thanks to Pei’s thorough understanding of architecture, the Louvre keeps its role, and his other buildings are narrators that tell stories of time, culture, and progress, serving as a reminder that architecture is not just about building itself, but also about building a better future. 33．What makes I. M. Pei a master in modern architecture? A．His multi-nationality. B．The long-term architectural practice. C．The rebuilding of the Louvre Museum. D．His special combination of different building styles. 34．How did the public think of Pei’s proposal at first? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Acceptable. D．Indifferent. 35．Which statement is TRUE about the Louvre Glass Pyramid? A．It has become a symbol of innovation. B．It was remodeled due to its small size. C．It took about five years to complete. D．It was based on the ancient Egyptian pyramids. 36．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．The History of the Louvre Glass Pyramid B．The Legend of Chinese-American Architects C．Louvre Glass Pyramid: A Symbol of France D．I. M. Pei: The Last Master of Modern Architecture Passage 5 (23-24高二下·云南玉溪师范学院附属中学·期中) Gene therapy (治疗)—which involves fixing or replacing a disease-causing gene or changing its activity—has recorded some remarkable successes and some fatal missteps. Having experienced those extreme ups and downs in the past decades, gene therapy has now begun advancing at a rapid pace. This report explores how the field has moved beyond its early failures and fully grown to embrace its bright future. Over the past few years, not only has the discipline changed but the definition of gene therapy has evolved. Today the field includes not just direct permanent changes to a cell’s DNA but also temporary changes to how genes are translated into proteins. Researchers have now reported a number of success stories: they have alleviated some cases of blindness, cured cancers, addressed the underlying causes of some blood diseases, and begun to treat some born disorders. The history of gene therapy has had a lot to overcome, both in fame and at the lab bench. Early tragedies led researchers to different paths—while some of them turned away from the field, others fought to pursue ways to prevent the side effects. What has resulted is a range of new viral vectors (载体), engineered to mix their genetic material more safely and efficiently into the genome, as well as the rapid adoption and development of tools, such as the Nobel Prize-winning technique known as CRISPR. Gene therapy has more than compensated (弥补) for its shaky scientific start and the field also managed to restore its reputation. Consequently, both patients and the public now connect this approach with the hope for seemingly miraculous cures. And with that hope comes other problems: problems of over-expectation, of affordability and of accessibility. Current gene therapy approaches are pricey and not easily available, and both issues limit their possible reach. Solving these problems may be the field’s next big challenge. 81．Which description of Gene therapy is correct according to Paragraph 1? A．It is faced with lots of difficulties. B．It had setbacks but also successes. C．It works by damaging gene activity. D．It developed steadily in early times. 82．What does the underlined word “alleviated” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Increased. B．Promoted. C．Witnessed. D．Eased. 83．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．People think gene therapy is too hard to get. B．Patients would be cured easily in the future. C．Researchers will lower the price of gene therapy. D．Patients have high expectations for gene therapy. 84．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Gene therapy has a long history. B．The age of gene therapy has come. C．People can benefit from gene therapy. D．Gene therapy has been widely applied. Passage 6 (24-25高二下·云南普洱·期中) New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological or circadian (生理节奏的) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyse circadian blood pressure rhythms in female mice. The body’s biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called “non-dippers”, are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins (encoded by “clock genes”) that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation. Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PERI) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PERI and compared them with a healthy. female control group. On both low- and high-salt diets, both groups “kept an apparent circadian rhythm” of blood pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PERI showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight. These results suggest that the lack of PERI acts differently in males and females; The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. “This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular (心血管的) function by the circadian clock.” the researchers wrote. 89．What is the function of circadian clock according to the text? A．Tt assists in curing men’s kidney disease. B．It helps blood pressure vary normally. C．It is. helpful to unusual variations in blood pressure. D．Its four main proteins regulate all genes in the body. 90．What does the underlined word “dips” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disappears. B．Rises. C．Falls. D．Exists. 91．What can we know about the men that lack PERI? A．They may have health problems. B．They may have the lower blood pressure. C．They are less likely to suffer from the heart disease. D．They have the same response as the women in blood pressure. 92．What-do the results: of the study suggest? A．Biological clock may protect males from heart disease. B．Biological blood pressure rhythms in male mice act normally. C．Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period. D．A gene governing biological clock works differently between men and women. 主题03 人与自然——环境保护、自然灾害防护 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南玉溪第一中学·期中) People use baby talk when speaking to a baby or small child. It turns out that dolphin mothers also use a sort of baby talk. A study published found that female bottlenose dolphins change their tone and length of their whistle when addressing their young. The research team recorded signature whistles of 19 mother dolphins living in the Sarasota Bay of Florida and found that the length and tone of the sounds changed for all the 19 moms. The study describing the findings was recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Obtaining the data was no simple task. Microphones were repeatedly placed on the same wild dolphin mothers to capture the recordings. On average, young dolphins stay with their mothers for about three years in Sarasota Bay. The research was carried out over more than 30 years. Why people, dolphins or other creatures use baby talk isn’t certain, but scientists believe it may help the young to learn to pronounce novel sounds. Research dating back to the 1980s suggests that human babies may pay more attention to speech with a wide range of tones. Female Rhesus monkeys (横河猴) may change their calls to attract and hold a young monkey’s attention. And zebra finch birds use higher tones and slow down their songs to address their young, perhaps making it easier to learn birdsong. For the dolphin study, the researchers focused only on the signature call, so they don’t know if dolphins also use baby talk for other exchanges — or whether it helps their kids learn to “talk”. “It would make sense if there are similar adaptations in bottlenose dolphins — a long lived and highly acoustic (声音型的) species, where the young must learn to pronounce many sounds to communicate,” said Frants Jensen, a behavioral ecologist and a study co-author. Another possible reason for using specific tones is to catch the kids’ attention. “It’s really important for the baby animal to know ‘Oh, Mom is here and talking to me now,’” added Janet Mann, a marine biologist at Georgetown University. 21．What can we learn from the study? A．Baby dolphins are raised to learn unique baby talk. B．Mother dolphins’ whistle sounds like that of humans. C．Mother dolphins speak to their babies in special tones. D．Baby dolphins can tell their mothers’ whistle from others’. 22．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The difficulty in recording the data. B．The findings from the data analysis. C．The assessment of the research result. D．The procedures to conduct the research. 23．Why are the examples in Paragraph 4 mentioned? A．To illustrate a definition. B．To challenge a theory. C．To support an assumption. D．To make a comparison. 24．What might be a reason for a mother dolphin’s baby talk according to Janet Mann? A．To help the kids to pronounce new sounds. B．To make the kids aware of her presence. C．To build a deep connection with the kids. D．To protect the kids from potential enemies. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) To Karanth, everyone in every part of the world is born with a basic connection to nature. Growing up in Karnataka, she began accompanying her father into the wild at just two years old. But in her hometown, kids grew up with a negative view on wildlife. Elephants destroyed crops and sometimes people were badly injured or killed. Karanth discovered kids wouldn’t realize that it’s the best place to watch the wonderful animals. In 2017, a conversation with her friend Gabby changed her attitude towards education. Within half a year, Karanth and Gabby had the first version of “Wild Shaale” on their hands. A program designed for students who come into frequent contact with wildlife, Wild Shaale aims to develop a real understanding of wildlife and wild spaces and move from conflicts with wildlife to animal and environmental protection. The conservation education program fills a gap in environmental learning. Although it is fortunate that a basic environmental education is supported by the local government, Karanth believes the challenge lies in the quality of the curriculum and whether it’s delivered effectively and consistently. “You have to imagine what these schools look like. They may not have electricity—forget having computers, Internet, iPads, or anything.” Encouraging the students to find common points between themselves and the animals is the first step to changing views and hopefully, behaviors. “It comes down to the same things: we need food; we need water; we need space. Then they start to understand why situations of conflict appear,” Karanth says. “But then how do you persuade them not to get angry, not to act in a way that leads to harm? That’s something we’re trying to work on. It’s not easy.” 29．What problem might Karanth’s hometown have faced? A．Loss of wildlife habitats. B．Human-wildlife conflict. C．Overpopulation of elephants. D．Disregard for wildlife balance. 30．Why did Karanth launch the program Wild Shaale? A．To help students identify animals. B．To fill a gap in local education. C．To improve students’ understanding of wildlife. D．To publicize wildlife diversity. 31．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The barrier to the program. B．The support to the plan. C．The curriculum arrangement. D．The schools’ conditions. 32．What is Karanth trying to achieve in the program? A．A change in humans’ attitudes and behavior. B．Approaches to changing animals’ behavior. C．A breakthrough in environmental studies. D．Suitable ways to end local conflicts. Passage 3 (24-25高二下·云南师范大学附属中学·期中) Florida manatees (海牛) have faced a severe shortage of seagrass. With their main food source dying off, manatees in Florida’s Indian River Lagoon (潟湖) have turned to eating large amounts of algae (海藻) as their food. Researchers are concerned about the effect of the change on the animals’ health. Scientists from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission noticed that many manatees were dying in the Indian River Lagoon for an unknown reason. Researcher Aarin-Conrad Allen, a PhD student at Florida International University, Institute of Environment, had just finished work on manatees’ diets in Belize and began studying the Florida situation. Allen and a team of researchers found some of the first evidence that manatees in Indian River Lagoon dramatically changed their diet after an algal bloom. About a decade ago, algal blooms clearly reduced the amount of seagrass in the lagoon. These blooms happen when algae grow out of control and they can have bad effects on living things in the ecosystem and use up all the oxygen in the water. Around that time Florida manatees went from eating mainly seagrass to eating mainly algae, a team of researchers found Manatees mainly eat seagrass, but will sometimes eat other food like algae. Researchers collected more than 100 stomach samples from manatees that had died in the lagoon between 2013 and 2015. They found that their diets consisted of about 50% algae and 34% seagrass. They compared those samples with some that had been recorded from the late 1970s to the late 1980s when the lagoon was not so unhealthy. Then, the manatees’ diets were almost 62% seagrass and only 28% algae. The rest of their diets included other plants and small fish. “I’ll continue to study the effects of these changes. In addition to investigating how much seagrass remains in Indian River Lagoon, I am measuring the nutritional value of algae to understand if it’s the equivalent of junk food for these large herbivores,” Allen says. 41．What can be learned about the Florida manatees? A．Manatees preferred algae to seagrass in Indian River Lagoon. B．Manatees completely stopped eating seagrass in algae blooming. C．Manatees died from eating a large amount of harmful algae. D．Manatees mainly fed on seagrass in the 20th century. 42．How did the researchers carry out their research? A．By analyzing the water change in the lagoon. B．By interviewing fishermen near the lagoon. C．By experimenting with some seagrass and algae. D．By comparing the data kept for several decades. 43．Why are researchers concerned about manatees eating algae? A．Algae may be poisonous to manatees. B．Algae may provide insufficient nutrition. C．Algae may enhance oxygen supplies. D．Algae may prevent the death of seagrass. 44．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The potential threat caused by manatees’ diet shift. B．The effects of algal blooms on Florida’s ecosystem. C．The ability of manatees to adapt to new food sources. D．The diet diversity of manatees in the lagoon. Passage 4 (24-25高二下·云南保山腾冲第八中学·期中) The concentric circles (同心圆状斑点), also known as eyespots on butterfly, not only look like real eyes but may also appear to glare directly at predators (捕食者) from many directions, scientists have found. This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape. Scientists suspect that eyespots, with dark “pupils (瞳孔)” in the center look like real eyes to predators. Hannah Rowland, an ecologist at the Max Planck Institute wanted to see if the direction of this fake gaze contributed to the effect. First, Rowland and her co-author trained chicks to attack a worm hidden behind a paper printout of two eyespots at the end of a path. When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking. But when the pupils instead appeared to look away from the direction of the chicks’ approach, the birds attacked in seconds. Centrally located pupils, though not as effective as ones that stared directly at the chicks, resulted in longer delays than pupils that looked the other way. “This suggests that they really are paying attention to the direction of the pupils in the eyespots and are perceiving them as eyelike stimulation. The concentric eyespots found most often in the insect world may seem to the chicks like a pair of eyes that follow them regardless of approach angle,” says Rowland. National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro, who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots. “These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes. 65．What is the function of eyespots on the butterfly? A．Making them look more beautiful. B．Spotting potential dangers. C．Helping them identify the direction. D．Protecting them from being attacked. 66．How did the chicks react when shown the specifically-pointed eyespots? A．They attacked immediately. B．They turned away in seconds. C．They reacted cautiously. D．They became very excited. 67．What does Monteiro mean in the last paragraph? A．The eyespot is a butterfly’s powerful weapon. B．The experiment needs further proof. C．The study first proposes an evolutionary theory of eyespots. D．Butterflies in nature have small eyespots. 68．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To appeal to readers to preserve butterflies. B．To uncover the hidden biological secret of butterflies. C．To analyze the social behaviour of butterflies. D．To demonstrate the evolutionary theory for eyespots. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 说明文 阅读理解C篇 以下汇编的阅读理解体裁为说明文，按三大主题分类，并按难度系数由高到低排序： 主题01 人与自我——心理发展、健康观念、个人成长 1. 激光相机监测心跳｜难度0.65 介绍远程监测心跳技术。 2. 奇迹果作为糖替代品｜难度0.65 介绍奇迹果的特性及替代潜力。 3. 婴儿自我识别研究｜难度0.65 揭示触摸体验对婴儿自我识别的影响。 4. 彩叶草的园艺价值｜难度0.85 介绍彩叶草多样性及育种历程。 主题02 人与社会——文化差异、科技创新、社会现象 1. Natural Reader程序介绍｜难度0.85 介绍文本转语音程序的功能与应用。 2. 24节气的文化意义｜难度0.65 分析24节气对农业、养生及人生观的影响。 3. AI与濒危语言保护｜难度0.65 讨论人工智能在保护濒危语言中的作用。 4. 贝聿铭与卢浮宫金字塔｜难度0.65 介绍贝聿铭设计卢浮宫金字塔的历程。 5. 脑控机械臂技术｜难度0.65 介绍脑机接口技术帮助瘫痪患者恢复功能。 6. 基因疗法的发展历程｜难度0.65 回顾基因疗法的成功与挑战。 7. 生物钟基因的性别差异｜难度0.65 研究生物钟基因在男女中的不同作用。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护、动物行为、生态意识 1. 海豚使用婴儿语｜难度0.85 研究发现海豚与幼崽交流使用特殊音调。 2. Wild Shaale环保教育项目｜难度0.65 讲述教育改变学生对野生动物的看法。 3. 佛罗里达海牛饮食变化｜难度0.65 研究海牛转向食用海藻的健康威胁。 4. 蝴蝶眼状斑点的作用｜难度0.65 研究眼状斑点如何吓退捕食者。 主题01 人与自我——心理发展、健康观念、个人成长 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南师范大学附属中学·期中) Glasgow University researchers have created a laser (激光) camera using AI and quantum technologies to remotely detect a person’s heartbeat, potentially changing health monitoring. Professor Faccio imagines various applications, such as setting up this technology in shopping malls or fixing laser heart monitors in homes. These monitors could be part of an extensive system tracking different health aspects, such as blood pressure and slight changes in movement, indicating early signs of conditions like Alzheimer’s. Monitoring a person’s heartbeat from a distance holds significant value, as it can detect irregularities like abnormal heart rates, providing crucial warnings of potential heart issues. In contrast to the traditional use of stethoscopes (听诊器), this system overcomes limitations associated with proper stethoscope usage, such as the need for training and the potential reduction of heartbeat signals. The system developed by Faccio and his team involves high-speed cameras which can record images at speeds of 2, 000 frames per second. A laser beam is shone on to the skin of a person’s throat and the reflections are used to measure exactly how much their skin is rising and falling as their main artery (动脉) expands and contracts as blood is forced through it. These changes involve movements of only a few billionths of a metre. Such acuity is striking, though on its own the tracking of these tiny changes would not be enough to track a heartbeat. Other, much larger movements occur on a person’s chest — from their breathing, for example — which would flood signals from their heartbeat. “That is where AI comes in,” Faccio said. “We use advanced computing systems to separate out everything except the vibrations caused by a person’s heartbeat. We know the frequency range of the human heartbeat, and the AI focuses on that. The prime use of this technology — which we hope to have ready next year — will be to measure heartbeats easily and quickly outside hospitals. The benefits could be considerable.” 49．What can the laser camera do? A．It can directly measure a person’s blood pressure. B．It can remotely monitor a person’s heartbeat. C．It can diagnose Alzheimer’s disease accurately. D．It can replace traditional stethoscopes completely. 50．What can we infer from the passage about the traditional use of stethoscopes? A．They are more accurate than the new laser camera. B．They can be used correctly without any training. C．They may not always effectively capture heartbeat signals. D．They haven’t been used since the laser camera was invented. 51．What does the underlined word “acuity” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Complexity. B．Precision. C．Frequency. D．Stability. 52．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new health monitoring technology. B．To discuss the potential applications of AI in medical fields. C．To emphasize the importance of early detection of heart problems. D．To compare the traditional and new ways of monitoring heartbeat. 【答案】49．B 50．C 51．B 52．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了格拉斯哥大学的研究人员利用人工智能和量子技术开发了一种激光相机，可以远程检测人的心跳，这可能会改变健康监测的方式。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段“Glasgow University researchers have created a laser camera using AI and quantum technologies to remotely detect a person’s heartbeat, potentially changing health monitoring.(格拉斯哥大学的研究人员利用人工智能和量子技术开发了一种激光相机，可以远程检测人的心跳，这可能会改变健康监测的方式。)”可知，激光相机可以远程监测一个人的心跳。故选B。 50．推理判断题。根据第二段“In contrast to the traditional use of stethoscopes (听诊器), this system overcomes limitations associated with proper stethoscope usage, such as the need for training and the potential reduction of heartbeat signals.(与传统的听诊器使用相比，该系统克服了正确使用听诊器所带来的局限性，例如需要培训和心跳信号的潜在减少。)”可知，听诊器可能并不总是有效地捕捉心跳信号。故选C。 51．词句猜测题。根据画线词前的Such可知，Such acuity指的是前文的内容，根据第三段“The system developed by Faccio and his team involves high-speed cameras which can record images at speeds of 2, 000 frames per second. A laser beam is shone on to the skin of a person’s throat and the reflections are used to measure exactly how much their skin is rising and falling as their main artery expands and contracts as blood is forced through it. These changes involve movements of only a few billionths of a metre.(法乔和他的团队开发的这个系统包括高速相机，可以以每秒2000帧的速度记录图像。激光束照射在人喉咙的皮肤上，反射光被用来准确测量当血液被迫通过主动脉时，他们的皮肤在主动脉扩张和收缩时的升降幅度。这些变化只涉及几十亿分之一米的运动。)”可知，这个系统以每秒2000帧的速度记录图像，而且记录的变化只涉及几十亿分之一米的运动。由此可推测出，这个系统非常灵敏，acuity意为“精确性（Precision）”。故选B。 52．推理判断题。根据第一段“Glasgow University researchers have created a laser camera using AI and quantum technologies to remotely detect a person’s heartbeat, potentially changing health monitoring.(格拉斯哥大学的研究人员利用人工智能和量子技术开发了一种激光相机，可以远程检测人的心跳，这可能会改变健康监测的方式。)”和接下来文章详细介绍了这种技术的原理、应用以及它与传统方法的区别可知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一种新的健康监测技术。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·云南玉溪第一中学·期中) Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods to provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet. In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mostly used as a sweetener to have with sour foods and drinks, says Dedeou from a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin (奇迹果蛋白) is very appreciated by local consumers, especially the kids and people with diabetes (糖尿病). Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow. To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoue whose team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome (基因图谱) of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. Spanish start-up Baia Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry’s taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your tongue, then try tasting acidic foods, such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes. 17．What do we know about Synsepalum dulcificum? A．It contains high calories. B．It is related to weight gain. C．It grows fast in West Africa. D．It doesn’t taste sweet itself. 18．What is the problem with miracle berries? A．They are difficult to produce and transport. B．They are not as healthy as expected. C．They are not liked by consumers. D．They have a short-term effect. 19．What can we say about tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries from the last paragraph? A．They are sour. B．They are accessible. C．They are inexpensive. D．They are adaptable. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Miracle Berries: A Promising Sugar Substitute B．Miracle Berries: A Popular Fruit in Benin C．Miracle Berries: A Costly Product Online D．Miracle Berries: A Genetically Engineered Wonder 【答案】17．D 18．A 19．B 20．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了原产于西非的奇迹果可作为糖替代品，但产量有限且运输不便，还提及了一些扩大生产的努力和相关产品情况。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.(一种很有希望的替代品是原产于西非的奇迹果。这些所谓的奇迹果本身并不甜，但如果你之后吃点酸的东西，它会尝起来异常甜)”可知，奇迹果本身并不甜。故选D项。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow.(这些浆果不耐运输，而且这种植物生长缓慢)”可知，奇迹果存在生产和运输困难的问题。故选A项。 19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You can order tablets of freeze dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a pack of 10.(你可以在网上订购冻干奇迹果片剂，但它们价格昂贵，一包10片大约要18英镑)”可知，人们可以通过网络订购冻干奇迹果片剂，说明它们是可以获取到的。故选B项。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods to provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native to West Africa.(大多数人很难抗拒糖的诱惑。我们的大脑需要大量的能量和含糖食物来提供足够的能量。但是当卡路里太容易获得时，很容易过量。关于不含卡路里的糖替代品的研究并不缺乏，但来自动物和人类研究的证据表明，一些糖与体重增加有关。一种有前景的替代品来自原产于西非的植物奇迹果的果实)”和后文内容可知，文章主要围绕奇迹果作为有前景的糖替代品展开。故A项“Miracle Berries: A Promising Sugar Substitute (奇迹果：一种有前景的糖替代品)”能概括文章内容，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·云南昭通第一中学·) The experience of touch is key to babies beginning to recognize themselves in a mirror, new research shows, which usually happens when babies are about a year and a half old. “Babies pulling on their toes (脚趾) or hitting lightly their fingers are not just playing,” says Jeffrey Lockman, senior author of the research paper. “They are trying to recognize themselves.” The researchers began by placing small vibrating (震动的) discs on the foreheads of babies around 14 months old, before the usual age at which self-recognition occurs. In response to the vibration, they would reach up and touch the discs. Next, researchers turned the children to face a mirror and watched as they reached up to touch the discs. The researchers then had the children perform the standard mirror-mark test for self-recognition in which a small mark of paint or makeup was placed on each child’s face. If the child looked in the mirror and touched the mark on their own face or said words like their name or “me”, they demonstrated self-recognition. The researchers also observed a control group of children exposed to the laboratory experience with mirrors but not the vibrating discs. The children who touched their face more frequently recognized themselves in the mirror about two months earlier, on average, than those who typically first begin to recognize-themselves in a mirror. This indicates a possible mechanism that self-awareness can develop based on engaged experiences that human babies naturally generate. The study challenges a long-standing assumption that self-recognition in early childhood is somehow hardwired. For a long time, scientists believed early recognition in the mirror was a built-in function of human brains and those of our closest primate (灵长类) relatives, rather than linked to sensory or motor experiences. “Interventions for babies who have issues related to motor skills are typically focused on reaching for objects in the external world and controlling them,” Lockman says. “According to our findings, reaching to the body is equally important and exploring the body is the gateway to self-knowledge.” 13．Why do babies hit their fingers lightly at an early age? A．To explore their surroundings. B．To build up self-identification. C．To signal their self-recognition. D．To engage in playful activities. 14．How did the babies in the experiment form self-recognition? A．Through active exploration. B．By seeing vibration in mirrors. C．Through word-related response. D．By copying others’ movements. 15．What is a common misunderstanding of early-childhood self-recognition? A．It is an inborn capability. B．It develops through learning. C．It is related to experiences. D．It exists in men and animals. 16．What do the findings suggest about treating children’s motor delays? A．Staring at themselves in the mirror. B．Intervening as early as possible. C．Enhancing external motor activities. D．Having interactions with their bodies. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．A 16．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，表明触摸体验对婴儿在镜子中识别自己至关重要，还挑战了早期自我识别是天生能力的传统观点。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中““Babies pulling on their toes (脚趾) or hitting lightly their fingers are not just playing,” says Jeffrey Lockman, senior author of the research paper. “They are trying to recognize themselves.”(该研究论文的资深作者杰弗里·洛克曼说：“婴儿拉自己的脚趾或轻轻敲击手指，不仅仅是在玩耍。他们是在试图识别自己。”)可知，婴儿早期轻轻敲击手指是为了建立自我识别。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers began by placing small vibrating (震动的) discs on the foreheads of babies around 14 months old, before the usual age at which self recognition occurs. In response to the vibration, they would reach up and touch the discs. Next, researchers turned the children to face a mirror and watched as they reached up to touch the discs. The researchers then had the children perform the standard mirror mark test for self recognition in which a small mark of paint or makeup was placed on each child’s face. If the child looked in the mirror and touched the mark on their own face or said words like their name or “me”, they demonstrated self recognition.(研究人员首先在通常自我识别年龄之前，即大约14个月大的婴儿的额头上放置了小型震动圆盘。作为对震动的反应，他们会伸手触摸圆盘。接下来，研究人员让孩子们面对镜子，观察到他们会伸手触摸圆盘。然后，研究人员让孩子们进行标准的镜子标记自我识别测试，即在每个孩子的脸上涂上一小点颜料或化妆品。如果孩子看着镜子并触摸自己脸上的标记，或者说出自己的名字或“我”这样的话，就表明他们有自我识别能力)”可知，实验中的婴儿通过伸手触摸圆盘、在镜子前触摸标记等积极探索的行为来形成自我识别。故选A项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“The study challenges a long standing assumption that self recognition in early childhood is somehow hardwired.(这项研究挑战了一个长期存在的假设，即幼儿的自我识别在某种程度上是天生的)”可知，对幼儿自我识别的常见误解是它是一种天生的能力。故选A项。 16．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Interventions for babies who have issues related to motor skills are typically focused on reaching for objects in the external world and controlling them,” Lockman says. “According to our findings, reaching to the body is equally important and exploring the body is the gateway to self knowledge.(洛克曼说：“针对有运动技能问题的婴儿的干预措施通常集中在伸手去够外界的物体并控制它们。根据我们的发现，触摸自己的身体同样重要，探索身体是获得自我认知的途径。”)”可知，研究结果表明治疗儿童运动迟缓需要让他们与自己的身体进行互动。故选D项。 Passage 4 (24-25高二下·云南丽江第一高级中学·期中) Coleus (彩叶草) is truly a standout in the plant world. Its leaves display an astonishing variety of colors, making it a game-changer in garden design, much like how the right decoration elements can transform a living space. Chris Baker, an enthusiast coleus breeder, has a long-standing bond with these plants. His journey with coleus traces back to the cuttings his grandmother was nurturing on the kitchen window, their vivid colors leaving a lasting mark on him. Baker’s path to becoming a coleus breeder was far from straightforward. After his ambitions of a music career faded, he took on different jobs. Eventually, a job in a greenhouse led him to his true calling. The sight of seedlings emerging from self-sown seeds inspired him to study hybridization. At first, he painstakingly used magnifying glasses (放大镜) and paintbrushes for pollination, but later discovered that bees could do the job just as well, if not better. The International Coleus Society has documented over 1, 800 named plant varieties, with an estimated 400-500 available commercially. Instead of taking the easy way out and sourcing from suppliers, Baker dedicated himself to breeding his own unique varieties. His greenhouse is home to around 50 of his self-developed coleus. Modern breeders, including Baker, focus on more than just leaf color. They’re also interested in traits like leaf size, shape, and the plant’s growth habits. Baker has successfully bred coleus that can tolerate more sunlight and have a denser growth pattern. Coleus’s genetic diversity provides countless opportunities for gardeners to create stunning displays. Moreover, the unique colors and patterns of coleus can also be used to create eye-catching plant combinations. For example, pairing a bright red-leaved coleus with some delicate white flowers can enhance the garden’s color contrast. Additionally, coleus plants are relatively easy to care for, making them a great choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. 25．Why does the author mention “decoration elements” in Paragraph 1? A．To stress the importance of coleus plants in home decoration. B．To illustrate coleus’s role in landscaping with a familiar comparison. C．To emphasize the economic value of garden design. D．To introduce basic requirements for coleus growth. 26．Which of the following statements about Baker is right? A．His grandmother’s coleus sparked his interest in coleus. B．His career path was smooth and well-planned. C．His first choice for pollination is Bees. D．His reliance on suppliers helped him create unique varieties. 27．What does the underlined word “novice” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．professional B．specialist C．master D．beginner 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of coleus cultivation in garden design. B．The vital role of bees in pollinating coleus plants. C．From music to garden design: Chris Baker’s unusual career. D．Coleus’s gardening value and Chris Baker’s breeding journey. 【答案】25．B 26．A 27．D 28．D 【难度】0.85 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了彩叶草的园艺价值、多样性特点，以及育种师Chris Baker从音乐转行到培育彩叶草的历程和成就。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Its leaves display an astonishing variety of colors, making it a game-changer in garden design, much like how the right decoration elements can transform a living space.(它的叶子呈现出惊人的各种颜色，使其成为园艺设计中的一个改变游戏规则的因素，就像合适的装饰元素可以改变生活空间一样)”可知，作者在第一段提到“装饰元素”，是用一个熟悉的比较来说明彩叶草在园艺中的作用。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His journey with coleus traces back to the cuttings his grandmother was nurturing on the kitchen window, their vivid colors leaving a lasting mark on him. (他与彩叶草的缘分可以追溯到祖母在厨房窗台上培育的插枝，它们鲜艳的颜色给他留下了深刻的印象)”可知，祖母的彩叶草激发了他对彩叶草的兴趣。故选A。 27．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Additionally, coleus plants are relatively easy to care for, making them a great choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. (此外，彩叶草相对容易照料，是novice和有经验的园丁的绝佳选择)”可知，彩叶草相对容易照料，所以是初学者和有经验的园丁的绝佳选择，故novice意思是“初学者”。故选D。 28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Coleus (彩叶草) is truly a standout in the plant world. (彩叶草在植物界确实是一个突出的存在)”以及第二段中“Baker’s path to becoming a coleus breeder was far from straightforward.(Baker成为彩叶草培育者的道路绝非一帆风顺)”可知，文章主要讲述了彩叶草的园艺价值以及Chris Baker如何成为彩叶草培育者的历程。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是彩叶草的园艺价值及Chris Baker的培育历程。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——文化差异、科技创新、社会现象 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南大理白族祥华中学·期中) Drag and drop your files, or type, paste, and edit text here. Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. Free users can use any available Free Voices unlimitedly, sample Premium Voices for 20 minutes per day, and Plus Voices for 5 minutes per day. Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages. You can also listen on the go with our mobile app. By using your phone’s camera, you can scan physical books and notes and change them into speech. Offline listening is also supported, making it convenient for travel or other situations where internet access is limited. If you are interested in using our voices for non-personal purposes, such as YouTube videos, e-learning, or other commercial or public projects, please check out our Natural Reader AI Voice Generator web application for more information and licensing options. Our Chrome extension allows you to listen to webpages, Google Docs, online Kindle books, and emails directly from your browser. The extension supports both free and subscription voices, depending on your plan. 93．What is the major function of Natural Reader? A．Create videos. B．Write a speech. C．Generate images. D．Turn text into audio. 94．What is only available for paid subscription? A．Offline use of LLM. B．Automatic text translation. C．Efficient voice cloning. D．Access to digitalized books. 95．What is the text? A．A subscription plan. B．A program user guide. C．A job advertisement. D．A mobile app review. 【答案】93．D 94．C 95．B 【难度】0.85 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为Natural Reader的应用程序，介绍了其功能以及收费项目。 93．细节理解题。根据第一段“Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology.(自然阅读器是一个专业的文本到语音程序，可以将任何文本，PDF，图像，网页和实体书籍转换为自然的声音，具有最新和最高的人工智能语音技术)”可知，自然阅读器的主要功能是将文本转换为音频。故选D。 94．细节理解题。根据第三段“Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages.(我们的Plus订阅包括独家功能，例如访问Plus和LLM（大型语言模型）语音，这是我们最新和最先进的语音。使用LLM技术，您甚至可以在几分钟内克隆自己的声音，并使其说100多种语言)”可知，高效的语音克隆只适用于付费订阅。故选C。 95．推理判断题。根据第一段“Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. (自然阅读器是一个专业的文本到语音程序，可以将任何文本，PDF，图像，网页和实体书籍转换为自然的声音，具有最新和最高的人工智能语音技术。我们的应用程序有免费和付费订阅，以满足不同预算的不同用户的需求)”以及文章主要介绍了一个名为Natural Reader的应用程序，介绍了其功能以及收费项目。可知，文章是程序使用指南。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·云南昆明第一中学·期中) The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Winter Games kicked off with a 24-second countdown video of the 24 solar terms. The ceremony coincided with Lichun (Beginning of Spring), the first of the 24 solar terms of the year. Audiences around the world admired on the screen the changes in natural rhythm at different solar terms. Described in some books and documentaries, the ancient Chinese understood the importance of time in developing agriculture. They arranged farming activities based on the 24 solar terms. According to a survey by a British agronomist in the 19th century, farmers in China used the land well. With unchanged energy and labor, each acre of land could support six times more people than a similar plot in Britain at the time, demonstrating Chinese farmers’ deep understanding of time. The solar terms not only affect agriculture but shape Chinese regimen. The solar terms guide people to live and work out according to the laws of nature and to seek harmony with it. Lots of traditions and customs regarding the solar terms are sill popular, such as weighing oneself on Lixia (Beginning of Summer), eating newly harvested wheat on Xiaoman (Grain Buds) and gaining weight on Liqiu (Beginning of Autumn). Production and life follow the rhythm of time, as do individuals and society. The 24 solar terms not only mark changes of time, but also serve as cultural symbols reminding people to maintain certain principles. As the solar term Lichun arrives, it is the time for planning activities of plants and animals. For Chinese, it also means humans should develop self-discipline and avoid pursuing their own interests at the expense of other lives on the planet. As the name of the solar term Qingming (Pure Brightness) suggests, people should lead a life of honesty and fairness. 37．Why does the writer mention Beijing Olympic Winter Games? A．To praise the organizing committee. B．To present the solar terms to readers. C．To appeal to readers to admire the video. D．To introduce the changes in natural world. 38．What benefit does the solar terms bring to agriculture? A．Advanced sowing techniques. B．Increased grain harvests. C．Deepened understanding of labor. D．Improved energy use scheme. 39．What does the underlined word “regimen” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Rules about employing leisure time. B．Rules about controlling body weight. C．Rules about consuming nutritional food. D．Rules about maintaining physical health. 40．What can be inferred about the solar terms from the last paragraph? A．They reflect Chinese philosophy of life. B．They force people to lead an honest life. C．They enjoy increasing popularity in China. D．They escape people’s mind in modem times. 【答案】37．B 38．B 39．D 40．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了24节气对中国人农耕、养生之道以及人生观各方面的影响。 37．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Winter Games kicked off with a 24-second countdown video of the 24 solar terms.(北京冬奥会开幕式以24秒的24节气倒计时视频拉开帷幕)”以及全文内容可知，第一自然段提到北京冬奥会是为了引出主题，即“24节气”。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段中“With unchanged energy and labor, each acre of land could support six times more people than a similar plot in Britain at the time, demonstrating Chinese farmers’ deep understanding of time.(在能源和劳动力不变的情况下，每英亩土地可以养活的人口是当时英国同类土地的6倍，显示出中国农民对时间的深刻理解)”可知，中国人根据节气进行耕种，使得农业产量得以增长。故选B。 39．词句猜测题。根据第三段的第二句话“The solar terms guide people to live and work out according to the laws of nature and to seek harmony with it.( 节气引导人们按照自然规律生活和工作，并寻求与自然的和谐)”可知，24节气引导人们按照自然规律生活和锻炼，并寻求与自然的和谐，即养生之道。由此可知regimen一词的意思为“养生之道”。故选D。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容“The 24 solar terms not only mark changes of time, but also serve as cultural symbols reminding people to maintain certain principles. As the solar term Lichun arrives, it is the time for planning activities of plants and animals. For Chinese, it also means humans should develop self-discipline and avoid pursuing their own interests at the expense of other lives on the planet. As the name of the solar term Qingming (Pure Brightness) suggests, people should lead a life of honesty and fairness.(二十四节气不仅标志着时间的变化，也是提醒人们保持一定原则的文化符号。随着立春节气的到来，是动植物计划活动的时候了。对中国人来说，这也意味着人类应该自律，避免以牺牲地球上其他生命为代价来追求自己的利益。正如节气清明的名字所暗示的那样，人们应该过一种诚实和公平的生活)”可知，24节气影响了中国人的人生观。故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·云南昭通第一中学·) Languages represent far more than mere communication tools; they are complex carriers of cultural memory, showing unique viewpoints, cultural traditions, and collective wisdom. Language loss occurs when the final native speakers disappear, transforming vivid linguistic (语言的) traditions into historical artifacts. The loss of a language is not merely a loss of words but a deep loss of human heritage (遗产), disconnecting communities from their ancestral roots and their unique worldview. While language extinction is not a new phenomenon, languages are disappearing at the fastest rate in recorded history, with one language lost every three to four months. Artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced innovative methods for preserving and refreshing endangered languages, offering tools that were unimaginable in traditional linguistic research. Automated Transcription Tools can change spoken language into written text, while Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on extensive datasets to perform translations across a wide range of languages. While AI offers promising solutions, it faces a significant challenge which blocks its full potential. The vast majority of these endangered languages are underrepresented digitally. If one language doesn’t have a lot of text online, it will be less represented in those technologies. This digital divide is further worsened by the dominance of a few languages on the Internet. Consequently, endangered languages are often excluded from AI technologies, leaving their speakers pushed aside in the digital space. Tech companies, linguists and local communities are all vital in ensuring that AI tools are culturally relevant and technically effective, which can lead to the developments that meet the unique needs of each language community. By involving native speakers in the design and use of AI technologies, create resources that reflect the true-essence of the language and encourage a sense of ownership among community members. This shared approach is essential for building trust and ensuring the long-term sustainability of language preservation efforts. 5．Why are the roles of languages talked about in paragraph 1? A．To call for global language unity. B．To draw attention to lost languages. C．To show the effect of language loss. D．To prove the uniqueness of languages. 6．What major difficulty does AI face in handling endangered languages? A．Their limited speakers. B．Their poor digital data. C．The dominant languages. D．The backward technologies. 7．What does the author urge people to do in the end? A．Prioritize communities over experts! B．Meet common needs of communities. C．Create technically effective AI models. D．Make joint efforts at specific solutions. 8．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Save Dying Languages Through Technology. B．Bridge the Digital Language Gap with AI Tools. C．AI in Teaching People Endangered Languages. D．Fruitful Smart Projects in Language Protection. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在保护濒危语言方面的作用和挑战，并强调了多方合作的重要性。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“The loss of a language is not merely a loss of words but a deep loss of human heritage, disconnecting communities from their ancestral roots and their unique worldview.(语言的丧失不仅仅是词汇的丧失，更是人类遗产的深刻丧失，使社区与他们的祖先根源和独特的世界观脱节。)”可知，在第一段中讨论语言的作用是为了展示语言消亡的影响。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The vast majority of these endangered languages are underrepresented digitally. If one language doesn’t have a lot of text online, it will be less represented in those technologies.(绝大多数这些濒危语言在数字领域的代表性不足。如果一种语言在网上没有大量的文本，它在这些技术中的代表性就会较低。)”可知，人工智能在处理濒危语言时面临的主要困难是它们的数字数据不足。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tech companies, linguists and local communities are all vital in ensuring that AI tools are culturally relevant and technically effective, which can lead to the developments that meet the unique needs of each language community.(科技公司、语言学家和当地社区在确保人工智能工具具有文化相关性和技术有效性方面都至关重要，这可以推动满足每个语言社区独特需求的发展。)”可知，作者最后呼吁人们为具体的解决方案共同努力。故选D。 8．主旨大意题。文章第一段描述了语言的重要性以及语言消失所带来的影响，第二段提到人工智能为保护和复兴濒危语言提供了创新方法，第三段提到人工智能在处理濒危语言时面临的主要困难，最后一段提到科技公司、语言学家和当地社区在确保人工智能工具在文化上相关且技术上有效方面都至关重要。由此可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能在保护濒危语言方面的作用和挑战，并强调了多方合作的重要性。因此，选项A“通过技术拯救濒危语言”最能概括文章的主题。故选A。 Passage 4 (24-25高二下·云南保山·期中) I. M. Pei (April 26,1917–May 16,2019), born in Guangzhou, China, is titled as the last master of modern architecture. As a world-known Chinese-American architect, Pei created numerous buildings combining modernism with Eastern elegance. It is for this reason that his works have been widely accepted and can be found across four continents and ten countries, establishing him as a top figure in this field, especially the remodeling of the Louvre Glass Pyramid. In 1980, when the palace became an old museum due to its aging facilities and the entrance could no longer accommodate the increasing visitors, French President Francois Mitterrand entrusted Pei to redesign the Louvre. Having visited the Louvre for countless times, Pei, at the age of 67, proposed a plan to build a glass pyramid in Napoleon Courtyard, which initially faced considerable criticism because it’s beyond imagination to use glass to build such a historical museum. A French newspaper criticized Pei’s pyramid as “an addition to Disneyland”. An environmental group joked it belonged to a desert. Others charged Pei with ruining one of the world’s greatest landmarks. After a lasting discussion, the design was chosen by thirteen museum directors for the values of mixing the past with the present. Thus, the Louvre reopened in the spring of 1989. Over the following years, the structure got to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics. Here comes the Louvre Glass Pyramid today—it stands 21 meters high and has a base width of 34 meters with 673 glass panels on its four sides, covering an area of approximately one thousand square meters, of which 80% are exhibition space. Thanks to Pei’s thorough understanding of architecture, the Louvre keeps its role, and his other buildings are narrators that tell stories of time, culture, and progress, serving as a reminder that architecture is not just about building itself, but also about building a better future. 33．What makes I. M. Pei a master in modern architecture? A．His multi-nationality. B．The long-term architectural practice. C．The rebuilding of the Louvre Museum. D．His special combination of different building styles. 34．How did the public think of Pei’s proposal at first? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Acceptable. D．Indifferent. 35．Which statement is TRUE about the Louvre Glass Pyramid? A．It has become a symbol of innovation. B．It was remodeled due to its small size. C．It took about five years to complete. D．It was based on the ancient Egyptian pyramids. 36．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．The History of the Louvre Glass Pyramid B．The Legend of Chinese-American Architects C．Louvre Glass Pyramid: A Symbol of France D．I. M. Pei: The Last Master of Modern Architecture 【答案】33．D 34．A 35．C 36．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇传记类说明文。文章介绍了著名美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭的生平与成就，重点讲述他设计卢浮宫玻璃金字塔的过程及其意义，展现其作为现代建筑大师的独特风格和对建筑领域的贡献。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I. M. Pei (April 26,1917–May 16,2019), born in Guangzhou, China, is titled as the last master of modern architecture. As a world-known Chinese-American architect, Pei created numerous buildings combining modernism with Eastern elegance. It is for this reason that his works have been widely accepted and can be found across four continents and ten countries, establishing him as a top figure in this field, especially the remodeling of the Louvre Glass Pyramid.(贝聿铭（1917年4月26日- 2019年5月16日），出生于中国广州，被誉为最后一位现代建筑大师。作为世界知名的美籍华人建筑师，贝聿铭创作了许多将现代主义与东方优雅相结合的建筑。正是因为这个原因，他的作品被广泛接受，可以在四大洲和十个国家找到，使他成为这个领域的顶级人物，特别是卢浮宫玻璃金字塔的改造。)”可知，贝聿铭的独特之处在于将不同风格融合在一起，这种融合使他的作品在全球范围内被广泛接受，故选D。 34．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Having visited the Louvre for countless times, Pei, at the age of 67, proposed a plan to build a glass pyramid in Napoleon Courtyard, which initially faced considerable criticism because it’s beyond imagination to use glass to build such a historical museum. A French newspaper criticized Pei’s pyramid as “an addition to Disneyland”. An environmental group joked it belonged to a desert. Others charged Pei with ruining one of the world’s greatest landmarks.(贝聿铭在67岁时曾无数次参观卢浮宫，他提出了在拿破仑庭院建造玻璃金字塔的计划，最初遭到了相当多的批评，因为用玻璃建造这样一座历史博物馆超出了人们的想象。一家法国报纸批评贝聿铭的金字塔是“迪士尼乐园的附加物”。一个环保组织开玩笑说它属于沙漠。其他人则指责贝聿铭破坏了世界上最伟大的地标之一。)”可知，Pei提出在拿破仑庭院建造玻璃金字塔的计划最初面临相当大的批评，有法国报纸批评这样设计出来的金字塔是迪士尼乐园的附属品，还有环保组织开玩笑说它属于沙漠，许多人甚至指责这样的设计破坏了世界上最伟大的地标之一。这些描述表明公众最初对他的提议是持怀疑态度的，故选A。 35．细节理解题。根据第一段的“I. M. Pei (April 26,1917–May 16,2019), born in Guangzhou, China, is titled as the last master of modern architecture.(贝聿铭（1917年4月26日- 2019年5月16日），出生于中国广州，被誉为最后一位现代建筑大师。)”和第三段的“Having visited the Louvre for countless times, Pei, at the age of 67, proposed a plan to build a glass pyramid in Napoleon Courtyard…(贝聿铭在67岁时多次参观卢浮宫，提出了在拿破仑庭院建造玻璃金字塔的计划……)”可知，大概在1984年提出重修计划，以及第四段“Thus, the Louvre reopened in the spring of 1989.(因此，卢浮宫于1989年春季重新开放。​)”可计算得出完成修建大概要5年左右，故选C。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段的“As a world-known Chinese-American architect, Pei created numerous buildings combining modernism with Eastern elegance. It is for this reason that his works have been widely accepted and can be found across four continents and ten countries, establishing him as a top figure in this field, especially the remodeling of the Louvre Glass Pyramid.( 作为世界知名的美籍华人建筑师，贝聿铭创作了许多将现代主义与东方优雅相结合的建筑。正是因为这个原因，他的作品被广泛接受，可以在四大洲和十个国家找到，使他成为这个领域的顶级人物，特别是卢浮宫玻璃金字塔的改造。)”可知，文章主要介绍了贝聿铭作为现代建筑大师的成就，尤其是他设计的卢浮宫玻璃金字塔。虽然文章也提到了他的其他建筑作品，但核心主题是强调他作为现代建筑大师的地位，故选D。 Passage 5 (23-24高二下·云南玉溪师范学院附属中学·期中) Gene therapy (治疗)—which involves fixing or replacing a disease-causing gene or changing its activity—has recorded some remarkable successes and some fatal missteps. Having experienced those extreme ups and downs in the past decades, gene therapy has now begun advancing at a rapid pace. This report explores how the field has moved beyond its early failures and fully grown to embrace its bright future. Over the past few years, not only has the discipline changed but the definition of gene therapy has evolved. Today the field includes not just direct permanent changes to a cell’s DNA but also temporary changes to how genes are translated into proteins. Researchers have now reported a number of success stories: they have alleviated some cases of blindness, cured cancers, addressed the underlying causes of some blood diseases, and begun to treat some born disorders. The history of gene therapy has had a lot to overcome, both in fame and at the lab bench. Early tragedies led researchers to different paths—while some of them turned away from the field, others fought to pursue ways to prevent the side effects. What has resulted is a range of new viral vectors (载体), engineered to mix their genetic material more safely and efficiently into the genome, as well as the rapid adoption and development of tools, such as the Nobel Prize-winning technique known as CRISPR. Gene therapy has more than compensated (弥补) for its shaky scientific start and the field also managed to restore its reputation. Consequently, both patients and the public now connect this approach with the hope for seemingly miraculous cures. And with that hope comes other problems: problems of over-expectation, of affordability and of accessibility. Current gene therapy approaches are pricey and not easily available, and both issues limit their possible reach. Solving these problems may be the field’s next big challenge. 81．Which description of Gene therapy is correct according to Paragraph 1? A．It is faced with lots of difficulties. B．It had setbacks but also successes. C．It works by damaging gene activity. D．It developed steadily in early times. 82．What does the underlined word “alleviated” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Increased. B．Promoted. C．Witnessed. D．Eased. 83．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．People think gene therapy is too hard to get. B．Patients would be cured easily in the future. C．Researchers will lower the price of gene therapy. D．Patients have high expectations for gene therapy. 84．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Gene therapy has a long history. B．The age of gene therapy has come. C．People can benefit from gene therapy. D．Gene therapy has been widely applied. 【答案】81．B 82．D 83．C 84．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经历一些失败后，基因疗法正在走向成熟。 81．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Gene therapy (治疗)—which involves fixing or replacing a disease-causing gene or changing its activity—has recorded some remarkable successes and some fatal missteps. (基因疗法——包括修复或替换致病基因或改变其活性——已经取得了一些显著的成功，也出现了一些致命的失误。)”可知，基因疗法有挫折也有成功。故选B。 82．词义猜测题。根据划线处前“Researchers have now reported a number of success stories (研究人员已经报道了一些成功的案例)”以及下文“some cases of blindness, cured cancers, addressed the underlying causes of some blood diseases, and begun to treat some born disorders. (一些失明的病例，治愈了癌症，解决了一些血液疾病的根本原因，并开始治疗一些先天性疾病。)”可知，基因治疗有了一些成功案例，包括治愈癌症和先天性疾病。由此猜测，它们也缓解或治愈了失明。因此划线处和D项：Eased.(缓解)含义接近。故选D。 83．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Current gene therapy approaches are pricey and not easily available, and both issues limit their possible reach. Solving these problems may be the field’s next big challenge.(目前的基因治疗方法价格昂贵且不易获得，这两个问题都限制了它们的可能。解决这些问题可能是该领域的下一个重大挑战。)”推知，研究人员将降低基因治疗的价格。故选C。 84．主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Gene therapy (治疗)—which involves fixing or replacing a disease-causing gene or changing its activity—has recorded some remarkable successes and some fatal missteps. Having experienced those extreme ups and downs in the past decades, gene therapy has now begun advancing at a rapid pace. This report explores how the field has moved beyond its early failures and fully grown to embrace its bright future. (基因疗法——包括修复或替换致病基因或改变其活性——已经取得了一些显著的成功，也出现了一些致命的失误。在经历了过去几十年的极端起起落落之后，基因疗法现在已经开始快速发展。本报告探讨了该领域如何走出早期的失败，并充分成长，迎接光明的未来。)” 可知，文章主要介绍了经历一些失败后，基因疗法正在走向成熟，基因治疗的时代已经到来。故选B。 Passage 6 (24-25高二下·云南普洱·期中) New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological or circadian (生理节奏的) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyse circadian blood pressure rhythms in female mice. The body’s biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called “non-dippers”, are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins (encoded by “clock genes”) that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation. Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PERI) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PERI and compared them with a healthy. female control group. On both low- and high-salt diets, both groups “kept an apparent circadian rhythm” of blood pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PERI showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight. These results suggest that the lack of PERI acts differently in males and females; The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. “This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular (心血管的) function by the circadian clock.” the researchers wrote. 89．What is the function of circadian clock according to the text? A．Tt assists in curing men’s kidney disease. B．It helps blood pressure vary normally. C．It is. helpful to unusual variations in blood pressure. D．Its four main proteins regulate all genes in the body. 90．What does the underlined word “dips” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disappears. B．Rises. C．Falls. D．Exists. 91．What can we know about the men that lack PERI? A．They may have health problems. B．They may have the lower blood pressure. C．They are less likely to suffer from the heart disease. D．They have the same response as the women in blood pressure. 92．What-do the results: of the study suggest? A．Biological clock may protect males from heart disease. B．Biological blood pressure rhythms in male mice act normally. C．Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period. D．A gene governing biological clock works differently between men and women. 【答案】89．B 90．C 91．A 92．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究发现控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同。 89．细节理解题。根据第二段“The body’s biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. (在24小时内组织身体活动的人体生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。)” 可知，生物钟有助于血压正常变化，故选B。 90．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“People who do not experience this temporary drop, called “non-dippers”, are more likely to develop heart disease. (没有经历过这种暂时性下降的人，被称为“非下降者”，更有可能患上心脏病。)” 可知，“non-dippers”是指没有经历这种暂时下降的人，所以“dips”意思是“下降”，与“falls”意思同义，故选C。 91．细节理解题。根据第三段“Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PERI) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. (先前的研究表明，缺少四种生物钟基因（PERI）中的一种的雄性老鼠变得不喜欢游泳，患心脏和肾脏疾病的风险更高。)” 可知， 缺少 PERI 基因的雄性老鼠（类比人类即缺少 PERI基因的男性）患心脏和肾脏疾病的风险更高，即他们可能会有健康问题，故选A。 92．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological or circadian (生理节奏的) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. (新的研究表明，一种控制人体生物或昼夜节律时钟的基因在男性和女性身上的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。)”和最后一段“These results suggest that the lack of PERI acts differently in males and females; (这些结果表明，缺乏PERI对男性和女性的影响是不同的；)”可知，研究结果表明控制生物钟的基因在男性和女性中作用不同，故选D。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护、自然灾害防护 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·云南玉溪第一中学·期中) People use baby talk when speaking to a baby or small child. It turns out that dolphin mothers also use a sort of baby talk. A study published found that female bottlenose dolphins change their tone and length of their whistle when addressing their young. The research team recorded signature whistles of 19 mother dolphins living in the Sarasota Bay of Florida and found that the length and tone of the sounds changed for all the 19 moms. The study describing the findings was recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Obtaining the data was no simple task. Microphones were repeatedly placed on the same wild dolphin mothers to capture the recordings. On average, young dolphins stay with their mothers for about three years in Sarasota Bay. The research was carried out over more than 30 years. Why people, dolphins or other creatures use baby talk isn’t certain, but scientists believe it may help the young to learn to pronounce novel sounds. Research dating back to the 1980s suggests that human babies may pay more attention to speech with a wide range of tones. Female Rhesus monkeys (横河猴) may change their calls to attract and hold a young monkey’s attention. And zebra finch birds use higher tones and slow down their songs to address their young, perhaps making it easier to learn birdsong. For the dolphin study, the researchers focused only on the signature call, so they don’t know if dolphins also use baby talk for other exchanges — or whether it helps their kids learn to “talk”. “It would make sense if there are similar adaptations in bottlenose dolphins — a long lived and highly acoustic (声音型的) species, where the young must learn to pronounce many sounds to communicate,” said Frants Jensen, a behavioral ecologist and a study co-author. Another possible reason for using specific tones is to catch the kids’ attention. “It’s really important for the baby animal to know ‘Oh, Mom is here and talking to me now,’” added Janet Mann, a marine biologist at Georgetown University. 21．What can we learn from the study? A．Baby dolphins are raised to learn unique baby talk. B．Mother dolphins’ whistle sounds like that of humans. C．Mother dolphins speak to their babies in special tones. D．Baby dolphins can tell their mothers’ whistle from others’. 22．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The difficulty in recording the data. B．The findings from the data analysis. C．The assessment of the research result. D．The procedures to conduct the research. 23．Why are the examples in Paragraph 4 mentioned? A．To illustrate a definition. B．To challenge a theory. C．To support an assumption. D．To make a comparison. 24．What might be a reason for a mother dolphin’s baby talk according to Janet Mann? A．To help the kids to pronounce new sounds. B．To make the kids aware of her presence. C．To build a deep connection with the kids. D．To protect the kids from potential enemies. 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．C 24．B 【难度】0.85 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人类、海豚以及其他一些生物在和婴儿或幼崽交流时会使用一种特殊的“婴儿语”，并探讨了这种交流方式的可能原因。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“A study published found that female bottlenose dolphins change their tone and length of their whistle when addressing their young.(一项已发表的研究发现，雌性宽吻海豚在和幼崽说话时会改变口哨的音调和长度)”可知，海豚妈妈会用特殊的语调与宝宝交谈。故选C。 22．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Obtaining the data was no simple task. Microphones were repeatedly placed on the same wild dolphin mothers to capture the recordings. On average, young dolphins stay with their mothers for about three years in Sarasota Bay. The research was carried out over more than 30 years.(获取数据并非易事。研究人员反复在同一只野生海豚妈妈身上放置麦克风来捕捉录音。在萨拉索塔湾，幼年海豚平均和妈妈待在一起大约三年。这项研究进行了30多年)”可知，第三段主要讲述了研究人员为了获取海豚妈妈和幼崽交流的数据所面临的困难，包括需要反复在同一只野生海豚妈妈身上放置麦克风以及长时间的研究。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据第四段“Why people, dolphins or other creatures use baby talk isn’t certain, but scientists believe it may help the young to learn to pronounce novel sounds. Research dating back to the 1980s suggests that human babies may pay more attention to speech with a wide range of tones. Female Rhesus monkeys may change their calls to attract and hold a young monkey’s attention. And zebra finch birds use higher tones and slow down their songs to address their young, perhaps making it easier to learn birdsong.(目前还不确定人类、海豚或其他生物为什么会使用婴儿语，但科学家认为这可能有助于幼崽学习发出新的声音。追溯到20世纪80年代的研究表明，人类婴儿可能会更关注音调范围广泛的言语。雌性恒河猴可能会改变叫声以吸引和保持幼猴的注意力。而斑胸草雀会用更高的音调并放慢歌声来和幼崽交流，也许这样更容易让幼崽学会鸟鸣)”可知，作者在第四段中提到人类、恒河猴和斑胸草雀使用婴儿语的例子，是为了支持科学家们关于婴儿语可能有助于幼崽学习发出新的声音的假设。故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Another possible reason for using specific tones is to catch the kids’ attention. “It’s really important for the baby animal to know ‘Oh, Mom is here and talking to me now,’” added Janet Mann, a marine biologist at Georgetown University.(使用特定音调的另一个可能原因是吸引孩子们的注意力。乔治城大学的海洋生物学家Janet Mann补充说：“对于幼崽来说，知道‘哦，妈妈在这里，正在和我说话’真的很重要。”)”可知，Janet Mann认为海豚妈妈使用婴儿语的原因可能是为了吸引孩子们的注意力，让孩子们意识到她的存在。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) To Karanth, everyone in every part of the world is born with a basic connection to nature. Growing up in Karnataka, she began accompanying her father into the wild at just two years old. But in her hometown, kids grew up with a negative view on wildlife. Elephants destroyed crops and sometimes people were badly injured or killed. Karanth discovered kids wouldn’t realize that it’s the best place to watch the wonderful animals. In 2017, a conversation with her friend Gabby changed her attitude towards education. Within half a year, Karanth and Gabby had the first version of “Wild Shaale” on their hands. A program designed for students who come into frequent contact with wildlife, Wild Shaale aims to develop a real understanding of wildlife and wild spaces and move from conflicts with wildlife to animal and environmental protection. The conservation education program fills a gap in environmental learning. Although it is fortunate that a basic environmental education is supported by the local government, Karanth believes the challenge lies in the quality of the curriculum and whether it’s delivered effectively and consistently. “You have to imagine what these schools look like. They may not have electricity—forget having computers, Internet, iPads, or anything.” Encouraging the students to find common points between themselves and the animals is the first step to changing views and hopefully, behaviors. “It comes down to the same things: we need food; we need water; we need space. Then they start to understand why situations of conflict appear,” Karanth says. “But then how do you persuade them not to get angry, not to act in a way that leads to harm? That’s something we’re trying to work on. It’s not easy.” 29．What problem might Karanth’s hometown have faced? A．Loss of wildlife habitats. B．Human-wildlife conflict. C．Overpopulation of elephants. D．Disregard for wildlife balance. 30．Why did Karanth launch the program Wild Shaale? A．To help students identify animals. B．To fill a gap in local education. C．To improve students’ understanding of wildlife. D．To publicize wildlife diversity. 31．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The barrier to the program. B．The support to the plan. C．The curriculum arrangement. D．The schools’ conditions. 32．What is Karanth trying to achieve in the program? A．A change in humans’ attitudes and behavior. B．Approaches to changing animals’ behavior. C．A breakthrough in environmental studies. D．Suitable ways to end local conflicts. 【答案】29．B 30．C 31．A 32．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了卡兰斯通过建立WildShaale项目来改变学生对野生动物的看法。 29．推理判断题。根据第一段“But in her hometown, kids grew up with a negative view on wildlife. Elephants destroyed crops and sometimes people were badly injured or killed. (但在她的家乡，孩子们从小就对野生动物持消极态度。大象毁坏了庄稼，有时人们严重受伤或死亡)”可知，卡兰斯的家乡面临问题是人类与野生动物的冲突。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据第二段“A program designed for students who come into frequent contact with wildlife, Wild Shaale aims to develop a real understanding of wildlife and wild spaces and move from conflicts with wildlife to animal and environmental protection. (Wild Shaale是一个为经常接触野生动物的学生设计的项目，旨在培养对野生动物和野生空间的真正理解，并从与野生动物的冲突转向动物和环境保护)”可知，Karanth启动Wild Shaale项目是为了提高学生对野生动物的了解。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Although it is fortunate that a basic environmental education is supported by the local government, Karanth believes the challenge lies in the quality of the curriculum and whether it’s delivered effectively and consistently. “You have to imagine what these schools look like. They may not have electricity—forget having computers, Internet, iPads, or anything.”(Karanth认为，挑战在于课程的质量，以及课程是否有效和持续。“你必须想象一下这些学校是什么样子。他们可能没有电——更别提有电脑、互联网、ipad或任何东西了。”)”可知，第三段主要讲了项目的障碍。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Encouraging the students to find common points between themselves and the animals is the first step to changing views and hopefully, behaviors.(鼓励学生发现自己和动物之间的共同点是改变观念和行为的第一步)”可知，卡兰斯想在这个项目中实现人类态度和行为的转变。故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·云南师范大学附属中学·期中) Florida manatees (海牛) have faced a severe shortage of seagrass. With their main food source dying off, manatees in Florida’s Indian River Lagoon (潟湖) have turned to eating large amounts of algae (海藻) as their food. Researchers are concerned about the effect of the change on the animals’ health. Scientists from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission noticed that many manatees were dying in the Indian River Lagoon for an unknown reason. Researcher Aarin-Conrad Allen, a PhD student at Florida International University, Institute of Environment, had just finished work on manatees’ diets in Belize and began studying the Florida situation. Allen and a team of researchers found some of the first evidence that manatees in Indian River Lagoon dramatically changed their diet after an algal bloom. About a decade ago, algal blooms clearly reduced the amount of seagrass in the lagoon. These blooms happen when algae grow out of control and they can have bad effects on living things in the ecosystem and use up all the oxygen in the water. Around that time Florida manatees went from eating mainly seagrass to eating mainly algae, a team of researchers found Manatees mainly eat seagrass, but will sometimes eat other food like algae. Researchers collected more than 100 stomach samples from manatees that had died in the lagoon between 2013 and 2015. They found that their diets consisted of about 50% algae and 34% seagrass. They compared those samples with some that had been recorded from the late 1970s to the late 1980s when the lagoon was not so unhealthy. Then, the manatees’ diets were almost 62% seagrass and only 28% algae. The rest of their diets included other plants and small fish. “I’ll continue to study the effects of these changes. In addition to investigating how much seagrass remains in Indian River Lagoon, I am measuring the nutritional value of algae to understand if it’s the equivalent of junk food for these large herbivores,” Allen says. 41．What can be learned about the Florida manatees? A．Manatees preferred algae to seagrass in Indian River Lagoon. B．Manatees completely stopped eating seagrass in algae blooming. C．Manatees died from eating a large amount of harmful algae. D．Manatees mainly fed on seagrass in the 20th century. 42．How did the researchers carry out their research? A．By analyzing the water change in the lagoon. B．By interviewing fishermen near the lagoon. C．By experimenting with some seagrass and algae. D．By comparing the data kept for several decades. 43．Why are researchers concerned about manatees eating algae? A．Algae may be poisonous to manatees. B．Algae may provide insufficient nutrition. C．Algae may enhance oxygen supplies. D．Algae may prevent the death of seagrass. 44．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The potential threat caused by manatees’ diet shift. B．The effects of algal blooms on Florida’s ecosystem. C．The ability of manatees to adapt to new food sources. D．The diet diversity of manatees in the lagoon. 【答案】41．D 42．D 43．B 44．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了佛罗里达海牛面临海草严重短缺的问题，由于它们的主要食物来源正在消失，佛罗里达印度河潟湖的海牛开始大量食用海藻作为食物，研究人员担心这种变化对动物健康的影响。 41．细节理解题。根据第五段“They compared those samples with some that had been recorded from the late 1970s to the late 1980s when the lagoon was not so unhealthy. Then, the manatees’ diets were almost 62% seagrass and only 28% algae.(他们将这些样本与20世纪70年代末到80年代末潟湖环境还不太糟糕时记录的一些样本进行了比较。那时，海牛的饮食中近62%是海草，只有28%是海藻。)”可知，在20世纪，海牛主要以海草为食。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据第五段“Researchers collected more than 100 stomach samples from manatees that had died in the lagoon between 2013 and 2015. They found that their diets consisted of about 50% algae and 34% seagrass. They compared those samples with some that had been recorded from the late 1970s to the late 1980s when the lagoon was not so unhealthy. Then, the manatees’ diets were almost 62% seagrass and only 28% algae.(研究人员从2013年至2015年在潟湖中死亡的海牛身上收集了100多个胃样本。他们发现，这些海牛的饮食中约50%是海藻，34%是海草。他们将这些样本与20世纪70年代末到80年代末潟湖环境还不太糟糕时记录的一些样本进行了比较。那时，海牛的饮食中近62%是海草，只有28%是海藻。)”可知，研究人员通过比较几十年来保存的数据来进行研究。故选D。 43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In addition to investigating how much seagrass remains in Indian River Lagoon, I am measuring the nutritional value of algae to understand if it’s the equivalent of junk food for these large herbivores.(除了调查印度河潟湖还剩下多少海草外，我还在测量海藻的营养价值，以了解它对这些大型食草动物来说是否相当于垃圾食品。)”可知，研究人员担心海牛吃海藻是因为海藻可能提供的营养不足。故选B。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Florida manatees have faced a severe shortage of seagrass. With their main food source dying off, manatees in Florida’s Indian River Lagoon have turned to eating large amounts of algae as their food. Researchers are concerned about the effect of the change on the animals’ health.(佛罗里达海牛面临海草严重短缺的问题。由于它们的主要食物来源正在消失，佛罗里达印度河潟湖的海牛开始大量食用海藻作为食物。研究人员担心这种变化对动物健康的影响。)”和接下来文章详细介绍了研究人员对海牛饮食变化的研究和担忧可知，文章主要讨论了海牛饮食变化带来的潜在威胁。故选A。 Passage 4 (24-25高二下·云南保山腾冲第八中学·期中) The concentric circles (同心圆状斑点), also known as eyespots on butterfly, not only look like real eyes but may also appear to glare directly at predators (捕食者) from many directions, scientists have found. This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape. Scientists suspect that eyespots, with dark “pupils (瞳孔)” in the center look like real eyes to predators. Hannah Rowland, an ecologist at the Max Planck Institute wanted to see if the direction of this fake gaze contributed to the effect. First, Rowland and her co-author trained chicks to attack a worm hidden behind a paper printout of two eyespots at the end of a path. When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking. But when the pupils instead appeared to look away from the direction of the chicks’ approach, the birds attacked in seconds. Centrally located pupils, though not as effective as ones that stared directly at the chicks, resulted in longer delays than pupils that looked the other way. “This suggests that they really are paying attention to the direction of the pupils in the eyespots and are perceiving them as eyelike stimulation. The concentric eyespots found most often in the insect world may seem to the chicks like a pair of eyes that follow them regardless of approach angle,” says Rowland. National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro, who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots. “These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes. 65．What is the function of eyespots on the butterfly? A．Making them look more beautiful. B．Spotting potential dangers. C．Helping them identify the direction. D．Protecting them from being attacked. 66．How did the chicks react when shown the specifically-pointed eyespots? A．They attacked immediately. B．They turned away in seconds. C．They reacted cautiously. D．They became very excited. 67．What does Monteiro mean in the last paragraph? A．The eyespot is a butterfly’s powerful weapon. B．The experiment needs further proof. C．The study first proposes an evolutionary theory of eyespots. D．Butterflies in nature have small eyespots. 68．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To appeal to readers to preserve butterflies. B．To uncover the hidden biological secret of butterflies. C．To analyze the social behaviour of butterflies. D．To demonstrate the evolutionary theory for eyespots. 【答案】65．D 66．C 67．A 68．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，蝴蝶身上的同心圆状的类似瞳孔的图案可以起到保护蝴蝶的作用，让捕食者畏惧，并给以蝴蝶足够多的逃生时间。 65．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape.（这种视觉错觉被称为“蒙娜丽莎效应”，可以吓到潜在的攻击者，并为昆虫赢得足够的时间逃跑。）”可知，这种视觉上的假象，可以吓走那些潜在的攻击者，给以蝴蝶足够多的时间逃生。故选D。 66．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking.（当眼状斑点的瞳孔特别指向小鸟的方向时，这些鸟会反复朝纸跑去，然后后退，等几分钟再攻击。）”可知，当瞳孔直接对着这些小鸟时，他们会重复的跑过去又退回来，在攻击之前会等上几分钟。这是谨慎的表现。故选C。 67．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句““These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes.（Monteiro说：“这些蝴蝶可以从任何角度看到，所以把瞳孔放在中心位置就很好了。”不过，她说，研究中使用的眼状斑点甚至比自然界中常见的最大斑点还要大几毫米，这增加了一种可能性，即雏鸟可能被纸眼睛的大小吓坏了。）”可知，生物学家Monteiro认为，这个类似瞳孔的图案形状是可以吓到雏鸟的，对蝴蝶来讲，可以起到有力的保护作用的。故选A。 68．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段的“ This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape.(这种视觉错觉被称为“蒙娜丽莎效应”，可以吓到潜在的攻击者，并为昆虫赢得足够的时间逃跑。)”，最后一句“National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro, who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots.（新加坡国立大学的进化生物学家Antonia Monteiro没有参与这项研究，但他说这项研究是对眼状斑点进化理论的一个“很酷”的证明。）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了蝴蝶背上的瞳孔图案的作用，因此推断文章的目的是揭示蝴蝶身上隐藏的生物学秘密。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $