UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“跨洋贸易与文化交流”核心知识点，梳理从古代丝绸之路、郑和航海到现代“一带一路”的发展脉络。通过Pre-reading匹配航海家事件激活背景知识，While-reading分架构分析、细节理解、难句拆解，Post-reading观点表达与语法填空，构建完整学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力（难句分析、语法填空提升理解与表达）、文化意识（对比中外航海史，增强家国情怀与人类命运共同体意识）、思维品质（观点表达促进分析与创造）。课中活动设计助教师引导学生深度探究，课后词汇默写、语法练习助学生巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Pre-reading 　1.D； 2.A； 3.B； 4.E； 5.C While-reading 第一步 （1）passion　（2）cultural　（3）African royal families （4）efforts　（5）reach out 第二步 1－4　DBDA 第三步 1.宾语　宾语 在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。 2.which　 中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。 Post-reading 第一步 ①Trade and enhance relationships with more other countries and areas in the world； ②Learn more about the seas and oceans in the world and make use of them to serve our civil lives； ③Make our motherland more powerful. 第二步 1.were inspired　2.encouraged　3.earlier　4.its 5.merchants　6.different　7.which　8.understanding 9.the　10.enhancing 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.find one’s way to ...　2.negotiate trade deals　3.lead to more awareness of each other’s cultures　4.over the centuries　5.a sight to behold　6.in a league of one’s own 7.under the command of　8.in return for　9.encourage cooperation　10.strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world　11.for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange　12.from a scientific point of view Ⅱ.1.what became known as the Silk Road 2.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation 3.with the latest technology in hand 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 1.①up　②for　③aside　④set about rebuilding their homes； set out to rebuild their homes 2.①extending　②extension ③extended my heartfelt gratitude to his trust in me 3.①had withdrawn all his savings to buy ②forced her to withdraw from 4.①didn’t have one penny in hand　②by hand 重点句型解构 1.①there is an urgent need to　②there is no need to worry about　③A friend in need is a friend indeed 2.①with butterflies in my stomach　②with my eyes fixed on the ceiling　③With no one to turn to 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.extend　2.negotiate　3.merchants Ⅱ.1.in a league of their own 2.there is an urgent need to protect the sea from being destroyed　 3.With tears in his eyes 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Pre-reading Do you know any navigators？Please match the events. 1.Marco Polo 　　　　2.Zheng He 　　　 3.Columbus 　　 4.Da Gama 　　 5.Magellan 　　 A.Made seven voyages to the Western Seas from 1405－1433. B.Made four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain and discovered a new world in 1492. C.Succeeded in sailing a complete circle around the world. D.Wrote a book that described the mysterious culture of the Eastern world in 1295. E.Opened a sea route from Europe to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope. While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 Skim the text and fill in the blanks. 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.Why did European explorers look for sea routes from west to east？（　　） A.To find the sea routes from east to west. B.To discover the mysteries of the sea. C.The need to trade and curiosity. D.Being inspired by Marco Polo’s tales. 2.What’s the author’s attitude towards Zheng He？（　　） A.Critical.　　　　　B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Doubtful. 3.Why did China start the Belt and Road Initiative？（　　） A.To sell tea to the western countries. B.To make business with neighbouring countries. C.To spread Chinese cultures to other countries. D.To strengthen the bonds between China and other countries. 4.How is the text developed？（　　） A.By time. B.By space. C.By process. D.By comparison. 第三步：辨难句拆分解读 1.In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road. 句式分析：该句为主从复合句。主干部分是silk from China found its way，为主谓宾结构；what 引导　　　　从句，作介词along的　　　　。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. 句式分析：该句为复合句。　　　　　　引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Post-reading 第一步：抒己见提升思维 What are the advantages of China’s reaching out across the sea？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　It was human beings’ great passion to complete a map of the world in the history.That’s why people 1.　　　　　　　　 （inspire） to find sea routes from west to east.In the past， western explorers 2.　　　　　　 （encourage） by Marco Polo’s stories about China， wanted to find a sea route to China.Merchants from China also traveled to western countries by sea route， who made their sea voyage much 3.　　　　　　 （early） than Columbus ever set sail. 　　Silk from China found 4.　　　　　　 （it） way by land to India， the Middle East and Rome along what is now known as the Silk Road.Ancient Chinese 5.　　　　　　 （merchant） also discovered a route by sea into the Indian Ocean.On their meetings， business people from 6.　　　　　　 （difference） countries negotiated their trade deals， 7.　　　　　　 resulted in a better 8.　　　　　　 （understand） of each other’s cultures.Later on， Zheng He， from the Ming Dynasty， set sail between 1405 and 1433， from 9.　　　　　　 South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa. 　　Now， China has joined other countries in many ocean projects for the purpose of doing trade and 10.　　　　　　 （enhance） bonds with these countries. REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA Trade and curiosity① have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.[1]To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.Marco Polo’s tales② inspired European explorers to③ search for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants④ and explorers from the East set sail⑤ from east to west many years before Columbus first did. In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to⑥ India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended⑦ along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around⑧ Ceylon （now Sri Lanka）.[2]Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate⑨ trade deals，which also led to more awareness⑩ of each other’s cultures.Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century. 　　[1]动词不定式短语To complete the great map of the world作主语。 　　[2]which引导非限制性定语从句。 　　Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets⑪ sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold⑫ and were in a league⑬ of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal⑭ families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for⑮ gold，silk，and spices⑯.[3]Although China withdrew⑰ from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels⑱ between other cultures for centuries. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.[4]The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited⑲with the 21st Century Maritime⑳ Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative㉑.[5]The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds㉒ between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of㉓ future trade and cultural exchange. 　　[3]Although引导让步状语从句。 　　[4]过去分词短语travelled by Zheng He作后置定语，修饰routes。 　　[5]动词不定式短语to encourage cooperation and trade作表语。 　　China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times， there are still many other places left to explore.[6]In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.From a scientific point of view㉔， there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. [7]Hundreds of years on㉕， and with the latest technology in hand㉖， the need to trade and the desire to enhance㉗ relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 　　[6]动词不定式短语to explore the Arctic作目的状语。 [7]with the latest technology in hand是“with＋名词＋介词短语”的复合结构。 ①curiosity n.好奇；好奇心 ②tale n.故事；叙述 ③inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事 ④merchant n.商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的 ⑤set sail起航；开航 ⑥find one’s way to ...找到去……的路 ⑦extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长 ⑧centre around 以……为中心 ⑨negotiate vt.商定；达成（协商） vi.谈判；磋商；协商 ⑩awareness n.知道；认识；意识；兴趣 ⑪fleet n.舰队；机群；车队 ⑫behold vt.看；看见 a sight to behold壮观的景象 ⑬league n.等级；水平；联合会；联赛 in a league of one’s own独领风骚 ⑭royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的 ⑮in return for作为对……的回报 ⑯spice n.（调味）香料 ⑰withdraw vi.& vt.（使）撤回；撤离 withdraw from退出；撤回 ⑱channel n.航道；海峡；频道 ⑲revisit vt.重提；重游；再访；再次讨论 ⑳maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的 ㉑initiative n.倡议；新方案 ㉒bond n.纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合 ㉓for the benefit of为了……的利益 ㉔from a ...point of view从一个……的角度来看 ㉕hundreds of years on数百年后 ㉖in hand 在手头；可供使用 ㉗enhance vt.提高；加强；增进 参考译文 跨海越洋 　　贸易和好奇心通常构成人类最伟大成就的基础。在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。 　　在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。几个世纪间，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了，这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。 　　后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年至1433年间，七支大型船队西渡重洋，开展贸易和探索。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，船队从南中国海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵红海口，然后前往非洲东海岸。非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友好，同时也是作为他们获得黄金、丝绸和香料的回赠。尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。 　　今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将继续增长。中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。 　　中国还与海洋彼岸的友邦一起参与了其他重要项目。尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一道开展了多次北极考察。从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。 　　数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　　　　　　　　　找到去……的路 2.　　　　　　　 洽谈贸易协议 3.　　　　　　　 增进对彼此文化的认识 4.　　　　　　　 几个世纪以来 5.　　　　　　　 壮观的景象 6.　　　　　　　 独领风骚 7.　　　　　　　 在……的指挥下 8.　　　　　　　 作为对……的回报 9.　　　　　　　 鼓励合作 10.　　　　　　　 加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系 11.　　　　　　　 有利于未来的贸易和文化交流 12.　　　　　　　 从科学角度看 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”）. 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （这项倡议旨在鼓励合作） and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. 3.Hundreds of years on， and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（由于拥有了最新技术）， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 3　Section Ⅰ （1） 核心词汇集释 1.set sail 起航；开航 教材原句　However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did. 然而，在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。 【用法】 set sail for ...　　　起航去……；动身去…… set aside 保留；储蓄；忽视；不顾 set about doing sth 开始做某事 set out （to do sth） 出发；开始（做某事） set off 动身；引爆；引发；触发 set down 放下；记下 set up 创立；建立；搭建 【佳句】　In the summer of 1405， Zheng He， one of China’s greatest explorers， set sail from Taicang on his first voyage. （译林选必三） 1405年夏天，中国最伟大的探险家之一郑和从太仓起锚，开始首次航海之行。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Setting 　　　　　　a new business can be challenging， but it can also be very rewarding. ②The merchant ship， which was loaded with precious goods， set sail 　　　　　　the distant port. ③Learning English well is not easy and you should set 　　　　　some time every day to read it. 【写美】　一句多译 ④地震过后，人们开始着手重建他们的家园。 →After the earthquake， the people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. →After the earthquake， the people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长 教材原句　A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon （now Sri Lanka）. 以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。 【用法】 （1）extend to ...　　延长到…… extend by ... 延长了…… extend one’s thanks to sb 向某人表示感谢 （2）extension n. 延长，延伸，扩展 extensive adj. 广阔的；广泛的；巨大的 【佳句】　We are so excited because the teacher has extended the deadline of our paper by twenty-four hours. 我们非常激动，因为老师把我们论文的截止时间延长了24小时。 【联想】　“感谢”的其他表达： extend/express/convey one’s gratitude/thanks/appreciation to sb for sth 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①In addition， the Yangtze River， 　　　　　（extend） as long as about 6，300 kilometers， can provide different kinds of splendid landscapes for visitors. ②The 　　　　　　（extend） of the highway brought great convenience to the local residents. 【写美】　完成句子 ③The instant we met， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， and gave him the fare and some tips as well. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷） 我们一见面，我由衷感谢他对我的信任，给了他车费和一些小费。 3.withdraw vi.& vt.（withdrew， withdrawn）（使）撤回；撤离；从银行账户等提（款）；取（钱） 教材原句　Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries. 尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。 【用法】 withdraw from　　　 　退出，撤回 withdraw sth from 从……中提出某物 withdraw to 撤退到 【佳句】　As expected， I failed all of my classes and had to withdraw from MIT. 不出所料，我所有的课程都不及格，不得不从麻省理工学院退学。 【写美】　完成句子 ①Grandpa 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the laptop for me. 爷爷为了给我买这台笔记本电脑，取出了他所有的积蓄。 ②A knee injury 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the competition. 膝盖受伤迫使她退出了比赛。 4.in hand 在手头；可供使用 教材原句　Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。 【用法】 at hand　　　 　　　　在手边；在附近 at first hand 第一手；亲自 by hand 用手工 hand in hand 手拉手 【佳句】　With the project deadline approaching， we must use the resources in hand more efficiently to ensure its successful completion. 随着项目截止日期临近，我们必须更高效地利用手头资源，确保项目顺利完成。 【写美】　完成句子 ①Jessie didn’t panic at first until it hit her that she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　. （心理描写） 杰西一开始并不惊慌，直到她意识到她手里没有一分钱了。 ②A famous folk artist was invited to teach us how to make lanterns 　　　　　　　　. 一位著名的民间艺术家应邀教我们如何手工制作灯笼。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：There is a need to do sth有必要做某事 教材原句　From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。 【用法】 in need　　　　　在困难中，在危急中 There is no need for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事没有必要 【品悟】　There is no need to be anxious about making new friends， because many teenagers find that they meet the same situation when in a new environment. 没有必要为结交新朋友而焦虑， 因为许多青少年发现他们在新环境中遇到了同样的情况。 【写美】　完成句子 ①We have all realised that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　deal with the air pollution. 我们都意识到迫切需要处理空气污染问题。 ②I quite understand how you are feeling now and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it so much. 我很理解你现在的感受，没有必要太担心。 ③As the old saying goes，“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.” 俗话说：“患难见真情。” 2.句型公式：with复合结构 教材原句　Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。 【用法】 with＋宾语＋ 【品悟】　With the sun setting behind the mountains， the two friends sat on the top of the hill， silently enjoying the peaceful moment after a long day’s hike.夕阳在群山后缓缓落下，两个朋友坐在山顶，在漫长的徒步旅行后静静享受这宁静的时刻。 【写美】　完成句子 ①On the first day of my first grade， I stood by the door 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 一年级的第一天，我站在门口，心里七上八下。 ②I sat in my room for a few minutes， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 我在我的房间里坐了几分钟，眼睛盯着天花板。 ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he had difficulty getting rid of the present dilemma. 没有人可以求助，他很难摆脱现在的窘境。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.I’d like to e　　　　　　 my sincere invitation to you to attend the elaborately-prepared gala and celebrate the traditional festival together. 2.If a schoolmate’s sandwich or cookie appeared to be more appetizing than your own， you tried to n　　　　　　 a trade. 3.Good 　　　　　　（商人） are those who stick to their contracts regardless of the price. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.While passengers love to complain about taxi drivers， the drivers of New York are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（独领风骚）. 2.But too much exploration is harmful and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（急需保护海洋免遭破坏）. 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （眼里含着泪水）， he threw himself into my arms. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 3　Section Ⅰ （2） 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $