UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Pre-reading Before reading the passage， answer the following question. Nowadays， what can robots do to help humans？ 　Robots can provide entertainment for us， give our room a thorough cleaning and do dangerous work instead of us.　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 1.Skim the passage and match the main idea with each part. PartⅠ　　　A.The process of the robot helping Claire. PartⅡ 　 B.The result of Claire living with the robot. PartⅢ 　　C.Larry persuaded Claire to accept the robot that would be tested out. 2.What is the main idea of the passage？（　　） A.The robot could fall in love with humans. B.The robot could do everything that man can. C.An experiment tested out by the household robot Tony. D.An experiment where a household robot was tested out. 答案：1.PartⅠ－C；PartⅡ－A；PartⅢ－B　2.D 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the robot？（　　） A.Because she didn’t like him. B.Because the robot was in fact not a machine. C.Because she had seen the robot before. D.Because the robot was more like a human than a machine. 2.What caused the change of Claire’s feelings？（　　） A.Tony’s wisdom and encouragement. B.Tony’s appearance and unique temper. C.Claire’s appreciation and attachment to Tony. D.Claire’s support and trust to Tony. 3.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　） A.Tony falls in love with Claire. B.Tony will have a rest that night. C.Tony will stay with Claire forever. D.Tony， the robot， needs to be improved. 4.What is the text type of this passage？（　　） A.Argumentative writing. B.Narrative writing. C.Expository writing.　 D.An advertisement. 答案：1－4　DADB 第三步：辨难句拆分解读 1.Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks， but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. 句式分析：该句为并列复合句。but连接前后两个并列分句；as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks是　时间状语　从句；that引导的是　宾语　从句。 自主翻译：　克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。　 2.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 句式分析：该句为并列复合句。but连接表示　转折　关系的并列分句；it was ridiculous ...by a robot是省略that的　宾语　从句，从句中that引导　主语　从句，it作　形式主语　。 自主翻译：　克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。　 3.She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry，who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. 句式分析：该句为复合句。how引导的是　宾语　从句，that也引导宾语从句；who引导　非限制性定语　从句，修饰前面的名词Larry。 自主翻译：　克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高自己的社会地位。　 Post-reading 第一步：抒己见提升思维 What do you think of the future relationship between humans and robots？ 　It seems to me that we humans will live in harmony with robots. Robots will always be our servants and make our lives better.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　The company for which Larry worked was to have a newly-made robot 1.　called　 （call） Tony， which was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife Claire at home.At the first sight of Tony， Claire felt 2.　alarmed　 （alarm）.She thought 3.　it　 was ridiculous that a robot should look so much like a human，4.　with　 his smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.On the second morning，Tony wanted to help her to dress，which made Claire 5.　embarrassed　 （embarrass） and she refused him.But later she was glad that Tony could make her home 6.　elegant　 （elegance）， give her a new hairstyle and improve her makeup.To decorate her home， Tony could also write out a list of 7.　items　 （item） for her to buy.And finally， Tony helped Claire to finish all the work.Tony suggested Claire that she 8.　（should） invite　 （invite） Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was 9.　to leave　 （leave） and Larry was to return.10.　What　 made us unbelievable was that Tony didn’t want to leave Claire in the end！ SATISFACTION① GUARANTEED （Adapted） 　　[1]Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots.Recently it had begun experimenting with a household② robot.It was going to be tested out ③by Larry’s wife， Claire. 　　[2]Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip④ for three weeks， but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.It would be a bonus⑤.However， when she first saw the robot， she felt alarmed⑥.His name was Tony.He seemed more like⑦ a human than a machine.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice， [3]although his facial expression never changed. 　　[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a company。 　　[2]as引导时间状语从句。 　　[3]although引导让步状语从句。 　　On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.She felt embarrassed⑧ and quickly told him to go.[4]Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human， and it was disturbing⑨. 　　One day， Claire mentioned that she didn’t think she was clever.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.Claire thought it was ridiculous⑩ that she was being offered sympathy⑪ by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity⑫ and began to trust him. He always treated her with dignity⑬. [5]She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant⑭ enough for Larry， who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary⑮. She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern， one of the richest and most powerful women around. 　　As a favour⑯， Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read， or rather⑰， scan⑱.[6]She looked at his fingers with wonder⑲ as they turned each page.How absurd⑳， she thought.He was just a machine. 　　[4]此句为过去进行时的被动语态，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a robot。 　　[5]how引导宾语从句，作told的直接宾语；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Larry。 　　[6]as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 　　Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle㉑ and improved her makeup㉒.As he was not allowed to accompany㉓ her to the shops， he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.Claire went downtown and bought these things.She had an appointment㉔ to paint her nails㉕， then she went into an expensive clothes shop.The saleswoman㉖ there was rude to㉗ her， so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.He spoke to the woman，who immediately changed her attitude.Claire thanked Tony， [7]telling him that he was a “dear”.[8]As she turned around㉘， there stood Gladys Claffern.How awful㉙ to be discovered by her， Claire thought.By the look on her face， Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship㉚.After all， she knew Claire’s husband’s name was Larry， not Tony.Although it was completely innocent㉛， Claire felt guilty㉜. 　　[7]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。 　　[8]there stood Gladys Claffern是完全倒装句。 　　When Claire got home， she wept.[9]Gladys was everything Claire wished to be.[10]Tony told her she was being sensitive㉝ and was just as good as Gladys.[11]He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.By that time， Tony expected that the house， which was being completely transformed㉞， would be ready. 　　[9]Claire wished to be是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。 　　[10]was being sensitive 属于“be＋being＋形容词”结构，常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常（暂时的特点或表现）以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备等情绪。 　　[11]that引导宾语从句，作suggested的宾语，从句用虚拟语气。 　　Tony worked steadily㉟ on the improvements.[12] Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended㊱ from the ceiling， but she fell off the ladder.[13]Even though Tony had been in the next room， he managed to catch㊲ her in time.[14]As he held her， she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed， pushed him away， and ran to her room. 　　The night of the party arrived.The clock struck eight.The guests would be arriving soon， so Claire dismissed㊳ Tony for the rest of the night.At that moment， Tony took her in his arms， bringing his face close to hers. She heard him declare㊴that he did not want to leave her the next day， and that he felt more than㊵ just the desire to please her.Then the front door bell rang. 　　[12]过去分词短语suspended from the ceiling作后置定语，修饰a light。 　　[13]Even though引导让步状语从句。 　　[14]As引导时间状语从句。 ①satisfaction n.满意；满足；令人满意的事物 ②household adj.家庭的；家用的 n.一家人；家庭 ③test out 检验；测试 ④on a business trip 出差 ⑤bonus n.意外收获；奖金；红利 ⑥alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n.警报；惊恐 ⑦more like更像是；更接近 ⑧embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的 embarrassing adj.让人难堪（尴尬、害羞）的 ⑨disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼 ⑩ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 ⑪sympathy n.同情；理解；支持；赞同 offer sb sympathy 向某人表示同情 ⑫integrity n.诚实正直；完整；完好 ⑬dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严 ⑭elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的 ⑮salary n.薪水；薪金 ⑯favour n.帮助；赞同；恩惠 vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 as a favour 作为恩惠 ⑰or rather更确切地说 ⑱scan vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地读；浏览；扫描 ⑲with wonder惊奇地 ⑳absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 ㉑hairstyle n.发型；发式 ㉒makeup n.化妆品；妆容 ㉓accompany vt.陪伴；陪同；伴随；为……伴奏 ㉔appointment n.预约；约会；委任 ㉕nail n.指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.（用钉子）钉牢；固定 ㉖saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员 ㉗be rude to对……粗鲁的 ㉘turn around转身；翻转 ㉙awful adj.很坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；（口语）糟透的 ㉚in a relationship在恋爱中 ㉛innocent adj.无辜的 innocence n.天真；单纯；无罪 ㉜guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 ㉝sensitive adj.敏感的 ㉞transform v.转变；改变 ㉟steadily adv.稳定地 ㊱suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 ㊲manage to do sth 设法做成某事 ㊳dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 ㊴declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 ㊵more than 不仅仅是，远非 参考译文 包你满意（改编版） 　　拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家机器人制造公司工作。该公司最近开始试验家用机器人。机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。 　　克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。还会是个意外收获。然而，第一次看到机器人时，克莱尔还是有点惊慌。这个机器人名叫托尼，看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。托尼高大英俊，头发顺滑，嗓音低沉，不过他的面部表情始终不变。 　　第二天早晨，托尼给克莱尔端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。克莱尔感到非常尴尬，立刻让托尼走开。现在，她正由一个看起来这么像人类的机器人照料着，这很令人不安。 　　有一天，克莱尔说她觉得自己并不聪明。托尼说她肯定是感到很不开心才会这么说。克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。托尼对她彬彬有礼。克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高自己的社会地位。克莱尔与格拉迪丝·克拉芬不同，后者是当地最有钱有势的女性之一。 　　作为一项恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的家变得更雅致些。于是，克莱尔从图书馆借来了一些书让托尼阅读，应该说是让他扫视。她惊奇地看着托尼的手指翻动书页的样子，心想这太荒唐了。他只不过是一台机器罢了。 　　托尼给克莱尔做了一个新发型，还改善了她的妆容。但是，由于托尼被禁止陪同克莱尔去商店，所以他开具了一张装修房子所需材料的清单。克莱尔去市中心购买了这些东西。她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。女店员对她很粗鲁，于是她打电话给托尼，告诉他说自己受到了不礼貌的对待。托尼同店员交谈之后，店员立刻改变了态度。克莱尔向托尼道谢，称托尼为“亲爱的”。当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。被她发现了，这多么难堪啊，克莱尔心想。从她脸上的表情判断，克莱尔知道格拉迪丝认为自己出轨了。毕竟她知道克莱尔丈夫的名字是拉里，而不是托尼。虽然完全无辜，克莱尔还是感到内疚。 　　到家后，克莱尔啜泣不止。格拉迪丝是她竭力模仿的对象。托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪丝一样好。托尼还建议在他离开，也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上，克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。到那个时候，托尼预计这栋正在彻底改造的房子将大功告成。 　　托尼的装修工作稳步进展。克莱尔试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯，但从梯子上摔了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间，但他还是及时接住了她。托尼抱着她的时候，她感受到了他身体的热度。她尖叫了一声，一把推开他，然后跑回了自己的房间。 　　聚会之夜到了。时钟敲响了八点整，客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作，说当夜不再需要他了。就在那一瞬间，托尼将她揽入怀中，慢慢地贴近她的脸庞。克莱尔听着托尼宣布说他次日并不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。就在这时，前门的门铃响了。 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　experiment with a household robot　 对一个家用机器人进行试验 2.　feel alarmed　　　　　　　　　感到害怕 3.　on the second morning　　　在第二天早晨 4.　make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant　　 把她变得更漂亮，把她的家变得更雅致 5.　accompany her to the shops　　　陪她去商店 6.　on a business trip　　　出差 7.　facial expression　　　面部表情 8.　improve his social position　　　提高他的社会地位 9.　with wonder　　　惊奇地 10.　be completely transformed　　　被彻底改造 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.He seemed 　more like a human than a machine　 （更像一个人，而不像一台机器）. 2.Claire thought 　it was ridiculous　 （十分荒谬） that she was being offered sympathy by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 3.As she turned around， 　there stood Gladys Claffern　（格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里）. 阅读理解 A 　　（2025·湖北十堰高二下期中）When most kids go to the beach， they’re too focused on making sandcastles and splashing around to notice litter， but several years ago， for 7-year-old Cash Daniels， noticing a plastic straw sparked a lifelong passion for saving the planet. 　　Cash， who is now known as the “conservation kid”， has always loved nature. He grew up fishing along the Chattanooga River， after all！ But once he learned that 80 percent of all trash from land and rivers ends up in the ocean， he couldn’t brush it aside. 　　He started with cleanups along the river， something that quickly went from a family affair to a community effort with volunteers and neighbors. In 2019， Cash， together with a Canadian conservationist， Ella Galaski-Rossen， started a nonprofit called the Cleanup Kids. Despite living in different countries， they managed to create educational videos on their YouTube channel. “We hope to be a really big nonprofit that eliminates plastic in the US and Canada，” Cash said. “We want to inform kids and adults in the landlocked states of how their actions are connected to the water and the ocean.” 　　Cash was selected as one of America’s top 10 youth volunteers of 2021 by the Prudential Spirit of Community Awards. He also earned the title of National Honoree， where he received a $5，000 grant to go to a nonprofit of his choice， and he became the first person to win the Youth Conservationist Award two years in a row from the Tennessee Wildlife Federation. 　　“I want to travel the world， teach others， and help them feel connected to the ocean. Because if you are connected to the ocean — if you love it and what lives in it — you’ll want to protect it，” he said. “This is my fun， and it becomes more fun with every new discovery.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是Cash Daniels热爱大自然，他从7岁开始就对保护地球充满了热情，他先从清理河流沿岸开始，并将此发展成一项人们可以广泛参与的活动。他被评选为2021年美国十大青年志愿者之一。 1.Which can replace the underlined words “brush it aside” in paragraph 2？（　　） A.Keep awake.　　　　 B.Lose heart. C.Turn a clear eye to it.　 D.Put it on one side. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句以及第三段第一句可知，当Cash Daniels了解到80％来自陆地和河流的垃圾最终都进入了海洋以后，他开始对河流岸边的垃圾进行清理，最终河流清理活动成为人们可以广泛参与的活动。由此推测，Cash Daniels对于最终进入海洋的垃圾没有置之不理，而是采取了积极的行动。 2.What is the purpose of the Cleanup Kids？（　　） A.To call for ocean protection. B.To make instructive videos. C.To spread marine knowledge. D.To recycle waste plastics. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，the Cleanup Kids的目的是让内陆各州的孩子和成年人了解他们的行为与水和海洋的关系，即号召人们保护海洋。 3.Which of the following best describes Cash Daniels？（　　） A.Determined and modest. B.Initiative and talented. C.Ambitious and humorous. D.Sympathetic and devoted. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Cash Daniels热爱大自然，关心环境，所以他是富有同情心的。根据最后一段可知，Cash Daniels想要环游世界，教育别人，帮助他们感受到与海洋的联系，所以他是有奉献精神的。 4.What does Cash Daniels’ story imply？（　　） A.Passion fuels dreams. B.Great minds think alike. C.Helping others is of great fun. D.Actions speak louder than words. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，一根塑料吸管激发了Cash Daniels拯救地球的热情，而这种热情进而转化成了他的梦想，所以Cash Daniels的故事暗示了激情可以点燃梦想。 B 　　（2025·广东湛江高二第二阶段测试）In the digital world of endless comparisons， a thought-inspiring study by a team at Ruhr University Bochum reveals a surprising truth： materialism （物质主义） on social media adds stress and reduces happiness. This research， conducted through an online survey of over 1，200 participants， highlights the unique way social media causes materialistic attitudes and the subsequent impact on mental health. 　　Conducted with a diverse group of participants， the survey analysed the social media behaviors and psychological states of individuals， focusing on their materialistic posts. The study employed six questionnaires to understand the participants’ materialistic attitudes， social media habits， stress levels， and life satisfaction. The participants， averaging over two hours a day on social media， revealed a clear pattern： higher levels of materialism on social media are associated with lower life satisfaction， increased stress symptoms， and a higher risk of social media addiction. 　　The study’s implications extend beyond numbers and charts. It suggests a worrying trend where individuals seeking validation （肯定） through materialistic displays on social media might be sacrificing their mental peace and happiness. Social media addiction is characterized by frequent use of social media platforms， often at the expense of other activities. Stress symptoms can range from anxiety to physical signs like headaches or tiredness. What’s clear is that social media may cause far more harm to users than good. 　　While the study acknowledges the risks associated with social media， especially for materialistic individuals， Dr Ozimek， a psychologist， advises against completely abandoning these platforms. 　　Instead， he suggests a balanced approach of various activities to avoid comparison. Researchers also propose incorporating materialism and social media usage assessments in mental health treatment. Recognizing these factors as potential starting points for interventions offers new methods for addressing modern-day mental health challenges. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，社交媒体上的物质主义会增加压力并降低幸福感。 5.What does the survey find about the materialistic posts？（　　） A.They produce high life satisfaction. B.They help to ease stress symptoms. C.They lead to social media addiction. D.They bring about high consumption patterns. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段对不同群体的参与者进行的调查，可知，物质主义帖子越多，社交媒体成瘾的风险也越高。 6.What is one phenomenon discovered by the study？（　　） A.Some people avoid too much use of social media. B.Some people try to seek the good of online displays. C.Some people undervalue mental peace and happiness. D.Some people pursue recognition through online material shows. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，研究发现有些人通过社交媒体上的物质展示来寻求认可。 7.What does Dr Ozimek suggest？（　　） A.Abandoning social media platforms. B.Keeping a balance among various activities. C.Assessing social media posts objectively. D.Searching for potential interventions. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段和最后一段第一句可知，Ozimek博士建议不要完全放弃这些平台，保持各种活动之间的平衡。 8.Which can be the best title for the text？（　　） A.Turn to Rich Life for Growth B.Assess Real Life for Mental Health C.Materialism on Social Media Decreases Happiness D.Understanding of Materialism Differs among Individuals 解析：C　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了波鸿鲁尔大学团队进行的一项研究，发现社交媒体上的物质主义会增加压力并降低幸福感。因此，C项适合作文章标题。 核心词汇集释 1.appointment n.预约；约会；委任 教材原句　She had an appointment to paint her nails， then she went into an expensive clothes shop. 她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。 【用法】 （1）make/have an appointment with sb与某人有约 keep an/the/one’s appointment　　赴约；守约 break an/the appointment　　失约 （2）appoint v.　　　　　 　任命；委派；安排；约定 appoint sb （as/to be）...　　任命某人（为）…… appoint sb to do sth　　指派某人去做某事 （3）appointed adj.　　指定的；约定好的 【佳句】　I apologize from the bottom of my heart for breaking this appointment. （道歉信） 对于这次失约，我发自内心地道歉。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It is an honor for me to be appointed 　as　 the guide to show you around Qufu， the hometown of Confucius. ②I regret to tell you that I can’t accompany you to Beijing at the 　appointed　 （appoint） time. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　The reason why I break the appointment is that　 my parents hope I can visit my grandparents with them this weekend. 我失约的原因是我父母希望我这个周末能和他们一起去看望我的祖父母。 2.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 教材原句　Although it was completely innocent， Claire felt guilty. 虽然完全无辜，克莱尔还是感到内疚。 【用法】 （1）be/feel guilty for/at/about ...　　　对……感到内疚，对……有愧 be guilty of ...　　犯有……罪；有……过失 （2）guilt n.　　内疚；犯罪；过失 out of guilt　　出于内疚 【佳句】　Feeling a little guilty for making my dad so worried，I faked a smile and nodded my head. （心理描写） 让爸爸这么担心，我感到有点内疚，于是我假装微笑，点了点头。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I felt guilty 　for/at/about　 my conflict with my dear friend and I must apologize to him. 【写美】　完成句子 ②He apologized to his friend 　out of guilt　 for he had lied to him. 他出于内疚向朋友道歉，因为他对他撒谎了。 ③“　I’ve been guilty for cheating my beloved grandmother　，” she murmured， 　tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks　. （心理描写） “我为欺骗了我深爱的祖母感到内疚，”她喃喃自语，内疚的泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来。 3.dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 教材原句　The guests would be arriving soon， so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. 客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作，说当夜不再需要他了。 【用法】 dismiss sb for ...　　因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss ...from ...　　将……从……中去除/消除/解雇/免职/开除 dismiss ...from one’s mind　　忘记/摒除/不再考虑…… 【佳句】　A silent exchange of glance told me that David had dismissed the idea of not joining in the running race.（2022· 新高考Ⅰ卷） 一个无声的眼神交换告诉我，大卫已经打消了不参加跑步比赛的想法。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It turned out that he was dismissed 　for　 being lazy and dishonest. ②The chairwoman 　was dismissed　 （dismiss） from her post for some so-called rumours，which threw her into the world of endless sadness. 【写美】　完成句子 ③He sang and danced with abandon，　dismissing his trouble from his mind　. 他尽情地唱歌跳舞，把他的烦恼抛到脑后。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：It＋be＋形容词＋that从句 教材原句　Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。 【用法】 “It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”是固定句式，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式还有： （1）It＋be＋名词（fact， pity， honour等）＋动词不定式/that从句 （2）It＋be＋过去分词（said， thought， hoped， believed， reported ...）＋that从句 （3）It＋不及物动词（seem，occur，happen ...）＋that从句　 【品悟】　It is an honour for me to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.（发言稿） 能和大家分享在高中应该学什么的看法，我感到非常荣幸。 【写美】　完成句子 ①　It struck/hit/occurred to her that goals are easier to achieve by small steps.（2024·1月浙江卷） 她突然意识到，这些目标可以通过小步骤逐步实现。 ②　It happened that　 I saved a hummingbird that was covered in spiderwebs， unable to escape.（2023·1月浙江卷） 碰巧我救了一只浑身是蜘蛛网、无法逃脱的蜂鸟。 ③　It is obvious that　 he has an urge to take over the company. 显然他有强烈的欲望接管这家公司。 2.句型公式：完全倒装 教材原句　As she turned around， there stood Gladys Claffern. 当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。 【用法】 （1）out， in， into， down， up， away， here， now， then， there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。 （2）当作表语的介词短语、形容词、分词提到系动词前面时，句子要完全倒装，构成“介词短语/形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。 【品悟】　Behind every book is a man， behind the man is the race， and behind the race are the natural and social environments. （译林必修二） 每本书的背后都是一个人，此人的背后是一个族群，这个族群的背后是自然和社会环境。 【写美】　完成句子 ①　Under a big tree sat disappointed David　， who unwillingly quit the cross-country run and tears of sadness streamed down his cheeks without control. 失望的大卫坐在一棵大树下，他不情愿地放弃了越野赛跑，悲伤的泪水顺着他的脸颊止不住地流淌。 ②　Here are some suggestions on　 how to create a green and harmonious environment. 这里是一些关于如何创造一个绿色和谐的环境的建议。 ③　There stands an ancient tower　， for which my hometown is famous throughout the country.（地点介绍） 那里矗立着一座古塔，我的家乡因此而闻名全国。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash 　bonus　 （奖金）. 2.His weekly 　salary　 （薪水） is higher than all of his former classmates. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.I quit the job and moved in with my parents for a year while I 　tested out a new career　 （测试一个新职业）. 2.I would like you to 　 do me a favor　 （帮我一个忙）：Could you offer me some tips on how to improve my English writing？ 3.The experience 　was more exciting than frightening　 （与其说令人害怕，不如说是令人兴奋）， during which my heart beat violently the whole time. Ⅰ.品句填词 1.If you don’t concentrate more on your work， you’ll be 　dismissed　 （解雇）. 2.His teachings remind us of the importance of 　integrity　（诚实正直）， compassion， and social responsibility. 3.No matter how rich you are， you must treat the old with 　dignity　 （尊严）. 4.The instant the ceremony was 　declared　（宣布） open， all the students in our school burst into cheers. 5.The 　saleswoman　 （女售货员） gave him his change， and then he left the store. 6.Unfortunately，the saleswoman fell off the 　ladder　 （梯子）when she attempted to reach a box on the shelf. 7.She wants to live in an apartment， 　whereas　 （然而）her husband would rather live in a house. 8.He would not accept this job for such a small 　salary　 （薪金） because he had to support a big family. Ⅱ.词形转换 1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable 　weekly　 （week）supply of fresh greens. 2.I am indeed very sorry that I missed my 　appointment　 （appoint） with you this Wednesday. 3.He grew 　guilty　 （guilt） for ignoring his parents’ love for him and for what he had done today. Ⅲ.固定搭配和句式 1.People who choose to rent their homes buy those services 　on　 a monthly basis. 2.First of all， I suggest that you 　（should） have a positive attitude towards your study　 （对学习有一个积极的态度）. 3.The government 　declared war on pollution　 （向污染宣战）， which was a crucial step to safeguard public health. 4.　Here comes a good chance　 （现在有一个好机会）that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. 5.Our class had a heated discussion about 　whether it is necessary for parents to accompany students studying at school　 （父母是否有必要陪读）. 6.　It is ridiculous that　 （这真是荒唐） they are short of water in a country where it is always raining. 7.It was 　more her hard work than her cleverness　 （与其说是她的聪明，倒不如说是她的勤奋） that led to her success. 8.The way she speaks is 　 more like　 （更像） a professional lecturer， which attracts a lot of people to listen carefully. 9.The new product 　was tested out　 （被测试） many times to ensure its durability and performance. 10.I 　am guilty for/at/about　 （对……感到内疚） the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my guilt. Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 A.解散　　　　　　　　 B.解雇 C.消除（顾虑等）　 D.拒绝考虑 1.dismiss ①What he said just now dismissed doubts from my mind.　　C　 ②To the students’ joy，the class was dismissed early today.　　A　 ③He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.　　D　 ④He was dismissed from his job for being unqualified.　　B　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 2.He holds an appointment in the English Department at present. 　n.职务　 3.The ancient castle is still there， but not in its integrity.　n.完整　 4.The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.　 n.好处；意外收获　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·烟台高二期末）Sharanya， 14， an eighth grader from Challenger School， built a solar-powered trash-collecting robot， which will play a vital role in taking care of the environment. 　　Volunteering in local city cleanups， Sharanya was always saddened to see tons of rubbish still out there after hours’ hard work. “People do have very limited time and resources， but robots don’t. They’ll collect double the amount and work for longer hours，” Sharanya says.“ I learned from a science journal that solar panels moving to always face the sun collect more energy than stationary ones.So I determined to design a trash-collecting robot powered by a sun-tracking solar panel.” 　　However， Sharanya had no experience in robotics， so it was a completely new experience. She firmly believed there’s no instant way to success and that it’s just a process of trial and error. Throughout the project， she studied operating instructions repeatedly and had to use tons of power tools and cut pieces of metal to certain lengths. Her dad would come to her rescue whenever she accidentally burned a wire. “It’s difficult to follow the scientific method， but sticking to this and changing just one variable at a time gets you the best results，” Sharanya says. 　　Sharanya’s robot has trash and recycling bins and moves with motorized wheels. The device’s front and back have object-detecting sensors. One end of the robot has a rubbish-collecting moveable arm with a pan to gather objects and drop them into the trash or recycling bins. This pan also contains a metal-detecting sensor to sort metal recyclables into the appropriate place. A solar panel sits at the robot’s other end， extended into the air. Attached to it is a light-tracking device that follows the sun， enabling the solar panel to move accordingly. 　　In tests， the sun-tracking solar panel generated more power than a stationary one over six hours. And the robot correctly identified an object every time it was presented. It picked up items and accurately classified aluminum cans as recyclables 80 percent of the time. Sharanya is confident that the robot will soon sort plastic and glass by striking the items and detecting the difference in their frequencies. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了14岁的莎兰亚建造了一个太阳能垃圾收集机器人，该机器人将在保护环境方面发挥至关重要的作用的故事。 1.What led Sharanya to intend a sun-tracking solar panel for the robot？（　　） A.Her survey findings. B.The knowledge she acquired. C.Her social experiences. D.The extra courses she attended. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，莎兰亚在一本科学杂志上了解到的知识使她打算为机器人设计一个阳光追踪太阳能电池板。 2.What does paragraph 3 focus on concerning Sharanya？（　　） A.What contributed to her success. B.Why she didn’t fear failure. C.Whether goals counted in her work. D.How she was financially supported. 解析：A　段落大意题。根据第三段前三句可知，本段主要讲莎兰亚不断地尝试和坚持使她取得了成功。 3.What may be the function of the object-detecting sensors？（　　） A.To identify colors. B.To locate metal materials. C.To discover garbage. D.To analyze moving routes. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，a metal-detecting sensor为金属探测传感器，是用来发现收集金属的，而object-detecting sensors是用来发现收集垃圾这样的物件。 4.What does the author mainly want to say in the last paragraph？（　　） A.The robot needs retesting. B.The robot reaches no desired effect. C.The robot enjoys wide popularity. D.The robot faces a promising prospect. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者想说明该机器人前景广阔。 B 　　（2025·广东湛江高二阶段考试）Most of us would like to be more creative， but we assume there is little we can do about it. Psychology professor K. Anders Ericsson claims that with enough practice， any of us can become experts. However， he is quick to add that this requires a specific kind of practice that Ericsson calls “deliberate practice”， that is， pushing beyond one’s comfort zone and setting goals that are above one’s current level of performance. He says he has yet to find the limits on being successful and he doesn’t believe them to be real. 　　Ericsson has looked primarily at artistic and athletic skills， but can these findings apply to creativity？ Most experts agree that even if most people cannot hope to become creative geniuses， they can learn to become more creative through practice. Psychologists claim that there are actually two levels of creativity， which they refer to as “Big C” and “small c”. “Big C” creativity applies to breakthrough ideas， ones that may change the course of a field or even history. “Small c” creativity refers to everyday creative problem solving， like creating a new recipe or improving a process， which psychologists subdivide further into similar and different thinking. Similar thinking involves examining all the facts and arriving at a single solution. In contrast， different thinking involves coming up with many possible solutions. What most people think of as creativity generally involves different thinking and can be taught， practised and learnt. 　　Even with practice， different thinking alone cannot make one creative， however. Scott Barry Kaufman， a cognitive psychologist， says that most creative people share one personality quality： openness to new experience. Since this quality and these processes have been identified， less creative people can try to emulate them. Normally， we tend to reproduce what we already know because creative ideas move us into unfamiliar territory involving risks and following the usual behaviors is comfortable. 　　Moving outside of our comfort zone， engaging in deliberate practice and tolerating contradictory ideas， risks and failures are all things we can learn to do better. It is unlikely that doing so will transform any of us into creative geniuses， but it does have the potential to increase our level of creativity. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过表述心理学教授K·安德斯·埃里克森和认知心理学家斯科特·巴里·考夫曼的说法表明，人们可以通过练习和学习提高自己的创造力水平。 5.What does Ericsson think of the limits of success？（　　） A.Success is determined by talent. B.Success has little to do with goals. C.There exist no restrictions to success. D.Success is only possible in some fields. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，埃里克森没有找到成功的限制，他不相信这些限制是真的。由此可知，埃里克森认为成功不存在任何限制。 6.Which of the following is an example of “small c”？（　　） A.Settling in outer space. B.Building a plastic doghouse. C.Developing robots for medical treatment. D.Explaining the theory of evolution in class. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Small c” creativity refers to ... into similar and different thinking.可知，小创造力指的是日常创造性地解决问题，比如创造一个新菜谱或改进一个过程，心理学家将其进一步细分为相似和不同的思维。由此可知，建造一个塑料狗窝是一个“small c”的例子。 7.What does the underlined word “emulate” in paragraph 3 mean？（　　） A.Defend.　 B.Limit. C.Assess.　 D.Copy. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句可知，通常情况下，我们倾向于复制我们已经知道的东西，因为创造性想法会把我们带入一个充满风险的陌生领域，而遵循通常的行为是舒适的。由此可知，此处指缺乏创造力的人会尝试模仿，所以emulate意为“模仿”，和copy意思相近。 8.What message does the author seem to convey in the text？（　　） A.We can learn to be more creative. B.Life is full of various challenges. C.It’s better to take deliberate practice. D.Most people can become creative geniuses. 解析：A　推理判断题。 根据最后一段内容可知，走出我们的舒适区，进行不经意的练习，容忍矛盾的想法、风险和失败，这些都是我们可以学会做得更好的事情。这样做不太可能把我们中的任何一个人变成有创造力的天才，但它确实有可能提高我们的创造力水平。由此推断，作者在文章中想要表达我们可以通过学习提升创造力的观念。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·安徽宿州高二下期中）People have tried everything to get more sleep. But unlike almost every other area of life， effort is not rewarded. 9.（　　） The more you try， the less you are likely to succeed. Here are some ways to improve your sleep that might just work. 　　10.（　　） There is nothing you can do between now and bedtime to guarantee that you will sleep tonight. There is， however， plenty you can start doing to improve your chances of sleeping well next month. So instead of worrying about the night ahead， make sleeping well a long-term goal and expect to see progress in a few weeks rather than tomorrow. 　　Have a late night. Adults need to be awake for at least 16 hours to generate enough sleep-drive to sleep for eight hours at night. Having an early night can mean you won’t be sleepy enough to fall asleep quickly and easily. Don’t pay too much attention to the exact times or the hours of sleep you are getting — the details don’t matter. And don’t take naps （小睡） in the day. 11.（　　） 　　Smile more. Smiling can reduce tension and promote relaxation. As you turn the light out at night， try to think of something funny and smile to yourself in the dark. 12.（　　） Even a fake smile is enough to send a message to the brain to change your mood and retrain the brain to be comfortable with being awake， thus reducing tension and allowing sleep to follow. 　　Stop reading articles about sleep. None of the researching， monitoring or analysing actually leads to better sleep. In fact， constantly looking for a solution is undoubtedly making things worse. 13.（　　） Make this article the last one you read on the subject， then go and find something more interesting to think about. A.Let go of tonight’s expectations. B.Actually， this struggle can backfire. C.Focus less on perfecting your sleep. D.Set a consistent bedtime for better results. E.Daytime naps reduce your natural tiredness. F.It doesn’t have to be a genuine， heartfelt smile. G.Breaking the cycle requires changing your approach. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些改善睡眠的方法。 9.B　上文指出努力获得更多睡眠不一定有回报。B项与上文衔接紧密，进一步说明努力获得睡眠可能产生不好的结果，即适得其反，与空后一句相呼应。 10.A　下文说明不要把注意力放在今晚能否睡好上。A项（丢掉今晚的期望）与下文内容相符，引出下文要把改善睡眠作为长期目标的内容。 11.E　空前一句指出白天不要小睡。E项解释了为什么白天不要小睡，因为白天小睡会减少自然疲劳感，不利于晚上入睡，与上文逻辑连接紧密。 12.F　下文提到了假笑的作用：即使是假笑也足以向大脑发送信息来改变你的情绪，并让大脑重新适应清醒状态，从而减轻紧张情绪，促进睡眠。F项与下文内容呼应，说明不一定要真心的笑，假笑也有作用。 13.C　根据上文可知，研究、监测或分析实际上都不能带来更好的睡眠。事实上，不断寻找解决方案无疑会让事情变得更糟，即过度关注睡眠并不能改善睡眠。C项（少关注改善你的睡眠）与上文内容一致，总结上文，引出下文建议不要再阅读关于睡眠的文章。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·重庆名校联盟高二下期中）As my then-9-year-old son， Leopold， a picky eater living on chicken soup and yogurt， was cautious to try new things due to his phobias （恐惧症）. To 　14　 him to try something new， I introduced a “Yes Day” concept in our trips. 　　With our agreement， I busily 　15　 for a mom-son ski trip to Keystone， Colorado. Before boarding our 　16　 at the airport buffet， I sampled a vegan （素的） meatball， and Leopold tried vegetable salad. Neither of us went back to fetch more， but we each 　17　 our respective new foods， smiling： “not bad”. We both bravely tried new foods， starting our “yes” 　18　. 　　After getting 　19　 at the hotel， I took Leopold to his skiing instructor. He kept to our 　20　， faced his fear of heights and went skiing on a big mountain where he’d never. Inspired by our 　21　 encouragement， I also 　22　 myself to a blue square （中级赛道）， making it down safely and feeling proud. 　　We had such a great time that we 　23　 the whole family， getting his dad and sister on board in St.Augustine， Florida， during spring break. We 　24　 said yes to bike， dance， and ride horses. 　　Saying yes on trips encourages us to 　25　 our comfort zones. The 　26　 of saying yes enriches our lives， which helps us attain new experiences and 　27　 more possibilities for adventure. Hence， be 　28　 to say yes and generate more wonderful memories. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者为让挑食惧新的儿子尝试新事物，引入“答应日”概念，全家在旅行中突破舒适区，收获美好体验。 14.A.amuse　 B.order C.persuade　 D.lecture 解析：C　根据上文可知，当时作者9岁的儿子利奥波德是个挑食的孩子，只喝鸡汤和酸奶，由于恐惧症，他对尝试新事物很谨慎。由此可知，为了说服他尝试新事物，作者在他们的旅行中引入了“答应日”的概念。persuade sb to do sth表示“说服某人做某事”。 15.A.applauded　 B.prepared C.struggled　 D.begged 解析：B　根据for a mom-son ski trip to Keystone， Colorado以及下文描述的旅行经历可知，此处表示作者为这次滑雪旅行做准备。prepare for表示“为……做准备”。 16.A.train　 B.coach C.ferry　 D.flight 解析：D　根据下文at the airport buffet可知，地点是在机场的自助餐厅，所以此处应该是在登上航班之前。 17.A.appointed　 B.imagined C.accepted　 D.served 解析：C　根据下文our respective new foods， smiling：“not bad”可知，虽然没有再去拿更多食物，但从not bad可以看出他们都接受了新食物。 18.A.project　 B.journey C.assignment　 D.bet 解析：B　根据上文提到的ski trip以及下文描述的旅行中的经历可知，这里表示开始了这次“答应日”的旅行。 19.A.settled　 B.trapped C.paid　 D.fed 解析：A　根据I took Leopold to his skiing instructor可知，此处表示在酒店安顿好之后，才去见滑雪教练。get settled表示“安顿下来”。 20.A.secret　 B.agreement C.belief　 D.principle 解析：B　根据上文With our agreement以及语境可知，此处表示儿子遵守了他们之前的约定。 21.A.decent　 B.professional C.mutual　 D.sympathetic 解析：C　根据上文描述儿子在作者的鼓励下尝试滑雪，以及下文作者在某种鼓励下挑战自己去中级赛道可知，这里是他们相互鼓励。 22.A.limited　 B.committed C.treated　 D.challenged 解析：D　根据to a blue square （中级赛道）， making it down safely and feeling proud可知，作者对去了中级赛道并安全滑下感到自豪，所以此处表示挑战自己。 challenge oneself to sth 表示“挑战自己做某事”。 23.A.involved　 B.witnessed C.forced　 D.appreciated 解析：A　根据getting his dad and sister on board in St.Augustine， Florida， during spring break可知，这里表示让爸爸和妹妹也参与到旅行中。involve sb in sth 表示“使某人参与某事”。 24.A.separately　 B.reluctantly C.casually　 D.willingly 解析：D　根据上文We had such a great time可知，他们玩得很开心，所以对于骑自行车、跳舞和骑马这些活动应该是欣然答应。 25.A.give in to　 B.break free from C.fit in with　 D.hold on to 解析：B　根据上文描述他们在旅行中尝试新事物、挑战自我等经历可知，“答应日”让他们摆脱了舒适区。give in to屈服于；break free from摆脱；fit in with适应；与……合得来；hold on to坚持；抓住。 26.A.beauty　 B.resistance C.bitterness　 D.duty 解析：A　根据下文enriches our lives ...more possibilities for adventure可知，说“好的”带来了很多积极的影响，所以此处应该是说“好的”的美妙之处。 27.A.deny　 B.exhaust C.ignore　 D.welcome 解析：D　根据语境可知，说“好的”带来了积极的结果，所以应该是迎接更多冒险的可能性。 28.A.qualified　 B.ready C.hesitant　 D.shy 解析：B　根据上文描述说“好的”带来的积极影响可知，这里是鼓励人们准备好说“好的”。be ready to do sth 表示“准备好做某事”。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $