专题01 Units 7～9（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材仁爱科普版

专题01 Units 7~9（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握Units 7-9的易错点和辨析点 复习难点： 1. 掌握Units 7-9的构词法 2. 掌握Units 7-9的语法 考情规律 题型 1.单项选择 2.看图写句子 3.短文填空 Unit7 知识点1 辨析 hardly 和 hard 单词 词性 含义 例句 hardly 副词 I can hardly wait.我几乎等不及。 hard 副词 You must try harder.你必须更加努力。 It was raining hard when we set off.我们出发时正下着 大雨。 hard 形容词 It’s hard to see how they can lose.很难理解他们怎么 会输。 The stone is hard.这块石头很坚硬。 知识点2 until conj./prep.直到……为止用法： 用法①肯定句：主句动词为延续性动词，表示“做某事直到……”。 e.g.I will wait you come back.我会一直等到你回来。 ②否定句：not..until...直到……·才…… e.g.I didn't go to bed I finished my homework.我直到做完作业才睡觉。 abroad adv.在国外；到国外，前面不加介词in/on/at。 高频短语：at home and abroad国内外go abroad出国study abroad出国留学 同类地点副词(通用规则) home、here、there均为地点副词，前面不加介词to/in/at。 正确：go home、come here、go there 错误：go to home、come to here 知识点3 辨析disappoint,disappointed,disappointing和disappointment 单词 词性 含义及用法 例句 disappoint v. I don't want to disappoint you.我不想让你 失望。 disappointed adj. She is disappointed with the result.她对这个 结果感到失望。 disappointing adj. It was a disappointing mateh.这是一场令人失 望的比赛。 disappointment n. To my disappointment,he didn't come.令我失 望的是，他没来。 知识点4 imagine v.想象；设想；认为 用法(1)imagine+n./p ron.想象某人/某物 e.g.I can't life without the children now.我现在无法想象没有孩子们的生活。 (2)imagine+doing sth.想象做某事(只能接动名词，不能接to do) imagine sb.doing sth.想象某人做某事 e.g.She imagined into the office,and taking a deep breath before speaking.她想象着走进办公室，深吸一口气再开口。 I imagine him the game.我想象他赢得比赛。 (3)imagine+(that)从句想象/认为…… e.g.I (that)you are right.我认为你是对的。 知识点5 increase 用法(1)v.(使)增长，增多，增加 ①及物动词用法 结构：increase+名词(直接接宾语，强调主语主动使某物增加) ②不及物动词用法 结构：increase单独使用，后面不加宾语 含义：(数量、价格、数值等事物自身)上升、增长 e.g.The price of oil .石油价格上涨了。 ③不及物动词+介词结构(表幅度/结果) increase by+数字/百分比：增长了……(强调增长的幅度) e.g.They the price by 50%.他们把价格提高了50%。 increase to+具体数值：增长到……(强调增长后的最终结果) e.g.The population to 2 million.人口增长到了两百万。 (2)n.增长；增多；增加常用搭配： an increase in+名词“在某方面/某事物上的增长” on the increase“正在增长中，不断增加” e.g.There is a sharp in the number of students.学生数量有了大幅增长。 Traffic accidents are on the .交通事故正在不断增多。 知识点6make yourself understood让别人听懂你 用法(1)make+宾语+过去分词“使某人/某物被……”(被动含义) 常用固定搭配：make oneself understood使自己被理解make oneself heard使自己被听见make oneself known使自己被认识 e.g.You have to speak aloud to make yourself .你必须大声说话才能让别人听见。 (2)make的复合宾语结构： ①make+宾语+do(省to不定式):使某人做某事 e.g.The boss made him all day.老板让他整天工作。 ②make+宾语+adj.:使某人/某物处于某种状态 e.g.The news made her .这个消息让她很开心。 ③make+宾语+n.:使某人/某物成为…… e.g.They made him .他们选他当班长。 知识点7辨析except,except for,besides和but 词汇 含义及用法 例句 except We go to school every day except Sunday.除周 日外，我们每天上学。 except for The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.这篇作文写得很好，除了几处拼写 错误外。 besides Besides English,he speaks French.除英语外， 他还说法语。 but Nobody but Tom can answer the question.除汤 姆外，无人能答此题。 知识点8 find+sb./sth.+adj.“发现某物/某事……"”(形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态) e.g.I find the movie interesting.我发现这部电影很有趣。 用法find+it(形式宾语)+形容词+真正宾语(to do) e.g.I find hard to remember new words.我发现记新单词很难。 常用同类动词：think(认为)、feel(感觉)、believe(相信) e.g.I think easy to solve the problem.我认为解决这个问题很简单。 She feels it comfortable to study in this classroom.她觉得在这间教室学习很舒服。 They believe useful to read English every morning.他们相信每天早上读英语是很有用的。 知识点9 语法 1.-al 后缀用法 (1)-al 后缀构成的形容词 绝大多数由名词加-al 构成，核心含义为“与……相关的、具有……性质的”,部分需注意拼写 变形。 名词 形容词 nature自然；天性 culture文化 tradition传统 music音乐 center中心；中央 (2)-al 后缀构成的名词 多由动词派生而来，表“动作、过程、结果或相关事物”。 动词 名词 Arrive到达 refuse拒绝 survive幸存 (3)-al 后缀构成的兼类词 同时具备形容词和名词两种词性，且含义相关。 词汇 形容词含义 名词含义 chemical 化学的 化学物质 official 官方的；正式的 官员 physical 身体的；物理的 体检 时间状语从句 (1)概念：在复合句中充当时间状语，用来修饰主句的谓语动词，明确说明主句动作发生、进行 或结束的时间，由相应时间连词引导从句，构成完整复合结构。 (2)常用引导连词用法对照表 连词 含义 用法 例句 when 可接短暂性/延续性动词，时间 点、时间段通用 She was cooking when the phone rang.电话铃响的时候，她正在 做饭。 while 仅接延续性动词/进行时态，强 调时间段 I was doing my homework while my brother was watching TV.我 弟弟看电视的时候，我正在写 作业。 as 主从句动作同步发生 We walked as we talked.我们边 走边聊。 before 主句动作先发生，从句动作后 发生 I will finish my work before I go to bed.我睡觉前会完成工作。 after 从句动作先发生，主句动作后 发生 After he finished his meal,he went out for a walk.他吃完饭 后，出去散步了。 as soon as 动作紧密衔接，无间隔 I will call you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.我一到上海就给 你打电话。 until/till 肯定句：动作延续至某刻； 否定句：not .until直到……才 He waited until his mother came back.他一直等到他妈妈回来。 She didn’'t go to bed until she finished her homework.她直到 做完作业才睡觉。 (3)时态规则 ①主过从过：时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用相应过去时态。 e.g. he came in,I was reading a book. 他进来的时候，我正在看书。 ②主将从现：时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。 e.g. I will tell him the news he comes back. 他一回来，我就把这个消息告诉他。 ③一般真理用一般现在时：描述客观真理、自然规律，主从句一律用一般现在时。 e.g.Water boils the temperature reaches 100℃. 温度达到100摄氏度时，水会沸腾。 Unit8 知识点1 用法more ...than ...可用于连接对等成分，意为“与 其说……不如说……"" e.g. It is more a choice a task. 这与其说 是一项任务，不如说是一个选择。 知识点2 用法(1) v.实现(梦想、目标、愿望等) 搭配：realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 同义替换： achieve one's dream、make one's dream come true e.g.She finally her dream of becoming a teacher. 她最终实现了当老师的梦想。 (2)v. 意识到，领会 搭配：realize that 从句/realize sth. e.g. I my mistake at once. 我立刻意识到了我的错误。 知识点3 the key to+名词/动名词( doing), 意为 “……的关键；……的答案/钥匙”。 用法 此处 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，不 可接动词原形。 同类拓展短语： the answer to ... …… the secret to ...…… the solution to ... …… the way to ... 知识点4 stick 用法①v.粘贴；卡住(过去式：stuck) 短语：stick to( doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 e. g. Stick your plan and you will succeed. 坚 持你的计划，你就会成功。 He sticks to every day. 他坚持每天 阅读。 ②n.枝条；枯枝 e.g. We collected dry to start a fire. 我们 捡了些枯枝生起火来。 知识点5 辨析pay,spend,cost和take 单词 用法 常用搭配 例句 pay pay(sb . )+钱+for sth.pay for sth. I paid 10 yuan for the pen.我 为这支笔付了10元。 spend sb.spend+钱/时间+on sth.sb.spend+钱/时 间+(in)doing sth. She spends an hour on English every day. He spent 20 yuan buying a book. cost sth.cost(sb.)+钱 The book cost me 15 yuan.这 本书花了我15元。 take It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. It takes me 20 minutes to walk to school. 知识点6 prefer 用法 ①prefer A to B 比起B 更喜欢A(A、B 均为名 词/动名词) e.g. He prefers tea coffee. 比起咖啡，他更喜 欢茶。 She prefers to watching TV. 比起看电 视，她更喜欢看书。 ②prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事(习惯性、经 常性) e.g. They prefer out for dinner. 他们更喜 欢出去吃晚饭。 ③prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事(具体、一次 性) e.g. I prefer stay at home today. 我今天更喜 欢待在家里。 知识点7 辨析accept和receive 单词 含义及用法 例句 accept She accepted the gift happily.她开心地收下了礼物。 receive I received a letter yesterday.我昨天收到了一封信。 知识点8 way 相关短语辨析 短语 含义及用法 例句 by the way By the way,where did you go yesterday? 顺便问一下，你昨天去哪里了? in the way Your bag is in the way.Please move it. 你的包挡路了，请挪一下。 on the way I’m on the way to school. 我在去学校的路上。 in this way In this way,you can remember new words easily. 用这种方法，你能轻松记住新单词。 知识点9 be made相关短语辨析 短语 含义及用法 典型例句 be made of The pants are made of brown cloth. 这条裤子是棕色布料做的。 be made from Paper is made from wood.纸是木头做的。 be made in This watch is made in China.这块手表是 中国制造的。 be made by This cake is made by my mother.这个蛋 糕是我妈妈做的。 知识点10 辨析borrow,lend和keep 单词 含义及用法 例句 borrow 及物动词，表“借入”,侧重从他人处拿到自己这 边。常用搭配borrow sth.from sb.,属于短暂性动 词，不可接“for+时间段”类时间状语。 I a pen from Tom.我从汤 姆那借了一支笔。 lend 及物动词，表“借出”,侧重从自己这边给到他人。 常用搭配lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.,属于短暂 性动词，不可接“for+时间段”类时间状语。 Tom a pen to me.汤姆借了 一支笔给我。 keep 及物动词，表“保留”,侧重延续性，专门用于表达 “借多久”。常用搭配keep sth.for+时间段，属于 延续性动词，可接“for+时间段”类时间状语。 I can the pen for three days. 这支笔我可以借三天。 知识点11 continue v. 继续说；持续，继续做 用法(1)continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事 e.g. He continued after lunch. 他午饭 后继续看书。 (2)continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事 e.g.He finished reading and continued do homework. 他看完书，接着去写作业了。 (3)单独使用，表“继续说/做” e.g. She stopped for a while and . 她停了一会儿，然后继续说。 知识点12 persuade v. 使信服；使相信 用法 (1)persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 e .g. She persuaded me go. 她说服我去。 (2)persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做 某事 e.g. She persuaded me into . 她说服 我去。 (3)persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 e.g. I persuaded her my honesty. 我让她相 信了我的诚实。 知识点13 case n. 情况；案例 常用短语： 用法①in this case在这种情况下(特指前文提及情 况) ②in case以防；万一(后接从句) e.g. Take a coat it is cold. 带上外套， 以防天冷。 ③in case of 倘若；假使(后接名词/短语) e.g. rain,the match will be canceled. 倘若下雨，比赛将被取消。 知识点14 易混短语辨析 短语 含义及用法 例句 a number of “许多；大量”,相当于many,修饰可数 名词复数，谓语动词用复数。 A number of students English.许多学 生喜欢英语。 the number of “……的数量”,中心词为number,后 接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。 The number of teachers 30.教师的数量 是30人。 知识点15 用法(1)do with→ 搭配 what 因为do 是及物动词，需要宾语，what 在句中作 do的宾语。 句式为：What+助动词+主语+do with+宾语? e.g. What do you with your old books? 你怎 么处理你的旧书? (2)deal with→ 搭配how 因为deal 是不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾 语，how 在句中作方式状语。 句式为：How+助动词+主语+deal with +宾语? e.g.How do you with your study problems? 你怎么应对你的学习问题? 改写原句：How do you often with your pocket money? 你怎么使用/处理你的零花钱? 知识点16 to one's+情感名词令某人……的是(介词短 语，作状语，引出情绪反应) 用法to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 to one's joy 令某人高兴的是 to one's sadness 令某人难过的是 to one's excitement 令某人兴奋的是 e.g.To my ,he passed the exam easily. 令我惊讶的是，他轻松通过了考试。 知识点17 语法 1.-ion后缀 用法：动词变抽象名词的后缀，表动作、行为、过程、结果或状态。 变形规则： (1)常规变形：直接加-ion;以不发音的 e 结尾,去e加-ion。 如 ：act→action;create→creation (2)变体变形 ①-sion:以 -d/-de/-se 结尾的动词，去e 或直接替换为-sion。 如：decide→decision;revise→revision ②-ation:以-ate 结尾的动词，去e 加-ation 如：celebrate →celebration; educate→education 2.if 引导的条件状语从句 (1)定义： if引导条件状语从句，表假设的条件(如果),从句修饰主句的动作/状态，说明主句发生的前提。 (2)两种基本形式： ①从句后置(无逗号):主句+if+从句 e.g.We will have a picnic if the weather is fine.如果天气好，我们就去野餐。 ②从句前置(必加逗号):If+从句，+主句. e.g.If the weather is fine,we will have a picnic. 如果天气好，我们就去野餐。 (3)时态 口诀：主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现 规则 从句时态 主句形式 例句 主将从现 一般现在时 will+动词原形 If you study hard,you get good grades. 如果你努力学习，你会取得好成绩。 主情从现 一般现在时 can/may/must+动词 原形 If you try,you finish the task by yourself. 如果你试一试，你就能自己完成这项任务。 主祈从现 一般现在时 Do/Don't+动词原形 If you finish homework, it in at once. 如果你完成了作业，立刻交上来。 注意： if引导的从句若主语是第三人称单数( he/ she/it/ 单数名词/不可数名词),谓语动词必须变三单，单选常考。 ×错：If he come,we will play together. ☑ 对：If he comes, we will play together. 拓展：if...not = unless(同义转换)“如果 不；除非” e.g.If you don't study hard,you won't pass the exam. 同义句：Unless _you study hard, you won't pass the exam. Unit9 知识点1 prevent v.阻止；预防 用法prevent...from doing sth.阻止……做某事；防止……发生 e.g.We should prevent fire from the forest.我们应该防止火烧毁森林。 Wearing masks can prevent people from colds.戴口罩可以预防人们感冒。 知识点2 in need处于困境；需要帮助的常见搭配： 用法people in need=those in need有困难的人 be in need of sth.需要某物 e.g.We should care for people .我们应该关心有困难的人。 He is in need more rest.他需要更多休息。 知识点3疑问词+to do 用法适用疑问词：what/how/when/where/who 用法：在句中作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句，即： 疑问词+to do=疑问词+主语+can/should+动词原形 e.g.I don't know .=I don't know what I should do.我不知道该做什么。 Can you tell me him?=Can you tell me how I should help him?你能告诉我该怎么帮助他吗? 注意： what to do做什么(what作do的宾语，不加it)how to do it怎样做(how是方式状语，必须加it/them) 知识点4 die/dead/dying/death/deadly 用法①die v.死亡(动作) e.g.Many birds in cold winter.很多鸟在寒冬死去。 ②dead adj.死的(状态) e.g.The tree has been for weeks.这棵树已经死了好几周。 ③dying adj.垂死的 e.g.He is saving the dog.他正在救那只奄奄一息的狗。 ④death n.死亡(名词) e.g.His sudden surprised us.他的突然离世让我们很惊讶。 ⑤deadly adj.致命的；极度的 e.g.This is a disease.这是一种致命疾病。 知识点5 danger n.危险常考搭配： 用法①in danger处于危险中 e.g.The cat is in .这只猫处于危险中。 ②out of danger脱离危险 e.g.He is out of now.他现在脱离危险了。 ③辨析danger和dangerous danger名词(n.),意为“危险”,指危险的状态或事情。 e.g.We must learm to keep away from .我们必须学会远离危险。 dangerous形容词(adj.),意为“危险的”,指人/事物本身具有危险性。 e.g.It's to play with fire.玩火是很危险的。 知识点6 whether conj.是否常用结构： 用法(1)whether...or not e.g.I don't know he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。 (2)whether to do sth. e.g.She doesn't know whether accept the gift.她不知道是否要接受这个礼物。 (3)whether+宾语从句 e.g.I wonder it will rain tomorrow.我想知道明天是否会下雨。 易错提醒： 表示“是否”时，if和whether常可互换；但与or not连用、位于介词后、后接to do时，多用/只用whether。 break down打倒，砸破(某物);使分解为 e.g.My car broke down on the way.我的车在路上抛锚了。 We can break down the task into small steps.我·们可以把任务分解为小步骤。 知识点7 break相关短语拓展： 用法break out(战争、火灾、疾病)爆发 breakup破碎；解散；分手 break into pieces破成碎片 break off中断；突然停止 break through突破 e.g.A big fire broke last night.昨晚一场大火爆发了。 They decided to break the partnership.他们决定拆伙。 知识点8近义辨析 词汇 含义 用法 例句 none 没有一个(人物) None of us knows the answer.我们中没有人知道答案。 no one 没有人 No one can help him.没有人能帮他。 nothing 什么也没有 There is nothing in the bag.袋子里什么也没有。 知识点9 语法 1. 合成词 合成词就是由两个或两个以上独立单词组合而成、表达一个完整新含义的单词。 构成方式 构成 合成词 名词+名词 snow(雪)+storm(暴风雨) snowstorm(暴风雪) 形容词+名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板) blackboard(黑板) 副词/介词+名词 after(在……之后)+noon(中午) afternoon(下午) 动词+名词 play(玩)+ground(地面) playground(操场) 副词/介词+动词 out(出去)+look(看) outlook(展望；观点) 2. 副词比较级和最高级 与形容词类似，副词也有原级、比较级和最高级，用于比较动作的程度或方式。 (1)构成规则 1.规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est fast near 以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st late 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y变i，再加 -er或 -est easy early 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er或-est big hot fat wet thin 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most careful beautiful quickly carefully 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well many/much bad/badly far little 形容词和副词的比较等级的常用结构 1.原级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 as+形容词原形/副词原形+as She is as beautiful as her mother. I worked as hard as before. not+so/as+形容词原形/副词原形+as I can't type so fast as you. 2.比较级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 比较级+than Cassie's room is bigger than mine. The weather here is hotter than that in Yunnan. 比较级+and+比较级 It's getting warmer and warmer. the+比较级， the+比较级 The more books you read, the more you know. Which/What/Who...+比较级,A or B? Who plays tennis better, Mike or Sam? the+比较级+of the two... Anne is the taller of the two girls. 3.最高级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 （the+）最高级（+单数名词）+in/of/among+比较范围 It is the biggest city in China. Soccer is the most popular sport in the country. He could jump （the） farthest of all. one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers. sth.+be+the+形容词最高级+名词（+that）+ sb. have/has/had ever +过去分词 He said it was the quietest and most beautiful place he had ever been to. the+序数词+形容词最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 易错点 1.表示程度的副词（quite、very、too、so、enough等）只能修饰形容词和副词原级。 例：He is very tall. She is old enough to drive. 2.much/a lot/even/far/a little/a bit可修饰比较级，放在比较级前面，表程度。 例：It's a bit colder today than yesterday. She is much better today. 3.more只能用于构成比较级,不可用于修饰比较级。 4.形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the,但其前面有形容词性物主代词（如my/his...）或名词所有格（如Lily's）时不加the；副词最高级前的the可省略。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） Unit7 一、语法一：-al 形容词后缀 (一)构词规律：加在名词后，将名词转化为形容词，含义为“与……相关的；具有……性质的； 属于……的”。 (二)高频基础例词 1.person→ (个人的；私人的) 2.tradition→ (传统的) 3.culture → (文化的) 4.center→ (中心的) 5.music→ (音乐的) 6.education → ( 教育的) (三)用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We love our (nation)flag very much. 2.It's a (nature)lake in the mountain. 3.This is my (person)phone.You can't use it. 4.Spring Festival is a (tradition)festival in China. 5.We have many (culture)activities at school. Unit8 一、语法一：-ion名词后缀 (一)构词规律：加在动词词尾，将动作类动词转化为抽象名词，表示某个动作、行为、过程或该 动作的结果或状态。 (二)高频基础例词 1. act → ( n. 行动) 2.invent→ (n. 发明) 3.invite → ( n. 邀请) 4.collect → (n. 收集) 5.decide → (n. 决定) 6.protect → (n. 保护) (三)选词并用适当形式填空 invite,decide,act,operate,collect 1.My mother made a to learn English well. 2.The doctor will do an for the old man tomorrow. 3.I received an to the birthday party yesterday. 4.We must take to save the animals in danger. 5.Tom has a big of toy cars. Unit9 一、语法一：合成词 (一)构词规律：由两个或两个以上独立基础单词组合而成，形成新单词、新含义，词性和用法 可通过拆分原词快速判断。 (二)高频基础例词 1.school+bag→ ( 书包) 2.home+work → (家庭作业) 3.play+ground→ (操场) 4.some+times→ (有时) 5.else+where → (在别处) 6.class+room→ (教室) (三)选词填空 handbag,snowstorm,grassland,flashlight,earthquake 1.We see many sheep and cows walking on the green 2.A small happens and people all run out of the house. 3.My mom puts her keys,phone and a wallet in her new 4.A heavy comes and the children have to stay at home. 5.Jane takes a bright when she goes for a walk at night. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） Unit7 时间状语从句 (一)用法：说明动作发生时间的从句，由时间连词引导，可放在主句前或主句后，重点掌握基 础连词+语序规则+时态搭配。 (二)高频例句 1.When she , we were talking. ( 当她进来时，我们正在聊天。) 2.While my mother is cooking,I my homework. ( 妈妈做饭时，我写作业。) 3.Sally will go out as soon as she her dinner. ( 莎莉一煮完饭就会出去。) 4.I until I finish my homework. (我直到写完作业才睡觉。) (三)选词填空 when,while,as soon as,until,after 1. my father is watching TV,I am cleaning the room. 2. you see him,please tell him to call me back. 3. the rain stopped, we went out for a walk. 4. it is sunny,we usually walk a pet dog in the park. 5.She won't go to the zoo her friend comes tomorrow. 三、句型转换 1. The children went to play on the playground. The rain stopped. ( 用 as soon as 合并为一句) 2.I was doing my homework when my mother came back.( 改为一般疑问句) your homework when your mother came back? 3. The students play basketball twice a week after school. (对画线部分提问) the students play basketball after school? Unit8 if引导的条件状语从句 (一)用法：if 意为“如果；假如”,表示主句动作发生的条件或前提。if 引导的条件状语从句 可放在主句前也可以放主句后，位置不同标点有差异。 如：You will pass the exam if you study hard.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (二)核心时态规则 1. 主将从现：主句用 ,从句用 表将来的条件。 如：If it tomorrow,we to the park. (如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。) 2.主情从现：主句用 ,从句仍用 如：We if the light . (如果红灯亮了，我们必须停下。) 3.主祈使从现：主句祈使句( 原形/Don't+动词原形开头),从句仍用一般现在时。 如： if the floor wet. ( 地面湿的话，别跑。) (三)用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.If she (get)up late,she (be)late for school. 2.We (go)fishing if the weather (be)fine tomorrow. 3.He (can speak)English well if he (practice)every day. 4.If he (come)home, (give)him this letter. 三、句型转换 1.If you don't study hard,you can't pass the exam. ( 改为同义句) ,or you can't pass the exam. 2.Emma has an art class on Tuesday.( 对画线部分提问) Emma have an art class? Unit9 副词比较级和最高级 (一)用法： 1.比较级用法(两者比较) 标志词：than(比);常用结构：A+比较级+ +B 如：She dances than her friend at the party.她在派对上跳舞比她朋友更美。 2. 最高级用法(三者及以上比较) 标志词：in+范围(in our class)/ of+群体(of all the students) 常用结构：A+(the)+ 最高级+in/of 如：He swims of all the boys in our school.他是我们学校所有男生中游得最快的。 (二)用所给副词的适当形式填空 1.My mother cooks (well) than my father,and the food tastes great. 2.The old man walks (slowly)than the young man on the street. 3.Li Ming speaks English (clearly)in our English group. 4.He answers the teacher's questions (quickly)than any other student. 5.This red bike can go (far)on the same road. 三、句型转换 1.Tina was reading in the library when the storm came. (对画线部分提问) What Tina when the storm came? 2.There will be a thunder shower tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句) there a thunder shower tomorrow? 3.I can finish the work on time.He'll help me. ( 用 if 合并为一句) he me,I the work on time. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （1） （25-26八年级下·福建泉州·期中）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Nowadays people use money every day. It is very important in our 1 (social) and life. Without money, you cannot buy anything you want. But 2 (actual), few people know the history of money. Long ago, people did not need money. They lived on wild animals, fruits and other plants. As time 3 (pass), people learned to grow plants and keep animals. Sometimes, families produced more things than they needed, so they started to sell 4 (they) to others. Later, people began to use money, 5 it was not the kind of money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt, large stones, etc. During the 600s BC, people began using coins 6 money. They were 7 (easy) to carry. Later, countries started to make their own coins. The Chinese were 8 first to use paper money, probably as early as the late10th century. The Italian traveler Marco Polo told 9 (foreigner) about Chinese paper money when he visited China in the 1200s. Today, we have many ways to buy things. We not only use coins and paper money, but also use bank cards and mobile phones. 10 (pay) with a card or a phone is easier and safer than carrying a lot of “real” money. （2） （25-26八年级下·福建宁德·期中）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整，行文连贯。 Hello, everyone! Today, I’m going to share some thoughts on fire safety, because an accident 1 (happen) a week ago in my community. Here is some advice on how to prevent fires and keep safe from fires. First, never play with 2 (match). They are not toys and can easily start 3 fire. Second, make sure you have smoke alarms at home. They will ring 4 there is a fire and give you time to run away. 5 (three), make a plan to leave your home. Practice it with your family, so everyone 6 (know) how to do it. Finally, always remember to stay away from fire and heat sources (热源). Get out as 7 (quick) as possible and call 119. All in all, fire safety is important in our daily lives. It’s necessary to know what to do when there is a fire. Always be 8 (care) and prepared. Thank you for listening! 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units 7~9（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握Units 7-9的易错点和辨析点 复习难点： 1. 掌握Units 7-9的构词法 2. 掌握Units 7-9的语法 考情规律 题型 1.单项选择 2.看图写句子 3.短文填空 Unit7 知识点1 辨析 hardly 和 hard 单词 词性 含义 例句 hardly 副词 几乎不(表否定) I can hardly wait.我几乎等不及。 hard 副词 努力地；大量地 You must try harder.你必须更加努力。 It was raining hard when we set off.我们出发时正下着 大雨。 hard 形容词 困难的；硬的 It’s hard to see how they can lose.很难理解他们怎么 会输。 The stone is hard.这块石头很坚硬。 知识点2 until conj./prep.直到……为止用法： 用法①肯定句：主句动词为延续性动词，表示“做某事直到……”。 e.g.I will wait until you come back.我会一直等到你回来。 ②否定句：not..until...直到……·才…… e.g.I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.我直到做完作业才睡觉。 abroad adv.在国外；到国外，前面不加介词in/on/at。 高频短语：at home and abroad国内外go abroad出国study abroad出国留学 同类地点副词(通用规则) home、here、there均为地点副词，前面不加介词to/in/at。 正确：go home、come here、go there 错误：go to home、come to here 知识点3 辨析disappoint,disappointed,disappointing和disappointment 单词 词性 含义及用法 例句 disappoint v. 使失望，后接人作宾语 I don't want to disappoint you.我不想让你 失望。 disappointed adj. 感到失望的，修饰人， 表主观感受 She is disappointed with the result.她对这个 结果感到失望。 disappointing adj. 令人失望的，修饰事 物，表客观属性 It was a disappointing mateh.这是一场令人失 望的比赛。 disappointment n. 失望；沮丧，可构成固 定短语作状语 To my disappointment,he didn't come.令我失 望的是，他没来。 知识点4 imagine v.想象；设想；认为 用法(1)imagine+n./p ron.想象某人/某物 e.g.I can't imagine life without the children now.我现在无法想象没有孩子们的生活。 (2)imagine+doing sth.想象做某事(只能接动名词，不能接to do) imagine sb.doing sth.想象某人做某事 e.g.She imagined walking into the office,and taking a deep breath before speaking.她想象着走进办公室，深吸一口气再开口。 I imagine him winning the game.我想象他赢得比赛。 (3)imagine+(that)从句想象/认为…… e.g.I imagine(that)you are right.我认为你是对的。 知识点5 increase 用法(1)v.(使)增长，增多，增加 ①及物动词用法 结构：increase+名词(直接接宾语，强调主语主动使某物增加) ②不及物动词用法 结构：increase单独使用，后面不加宾语 含义：(数量、价格、数值等事物自身)上升、增长 e.g.The price of oil increased.石油价格上涨了。 ③不及物动词+介词结构(表幅度/结果) increase by+数字/百分比：增长了……(强调增长的幅度) e.g.They increased the price by 50%.他们把价格提高了50%。 increase to+具体数值：增长到……(强调增长后的最终结果) e.g.The population increased to 2 million.人口增长到了两百万。 (2)n.增长；增多；增加常用搭配： an increase in+名词“在某方面/某事物上的增长” on the increase“正在增长中，不断增加” e.g.There is a sharp increase in the number of students.学生数量有了大幅增长。 Traffic accidents are on the increase.交通事故正在不断增多。 知识点6make yourself understood让别人听懂你 用法(1)make+宾语+过去分词“使某人/某物被……”(被动含义) 常用固定搭配：make oneself understood使自己被理解make oneself heard使自己被听见make oneself known使自己被认识 e.g.You have to speak aloud to make yourself heard.你必须大声说话才能让别人听见。 (2)make的复合宾语结构： ①make+宾语+do(省to不定式):使某人做某事 e.g.The boss made him work all day.老板让他整天工作。 ②make+宾语+adj.:使某人/某物处于某种状态 e.g.The news made her happy.这个消息让她很开心。 ③make+宾语+n.:使某人/某物成为…… e.g.They made him monitor.他们选他当班长。 知识点7辨析except,except for,besides和but 词汇 含义及用法 例句 except 除……外(不包含);剔除同类整 体中的部分，强调“减去” We go to school every day except Sunday.除周 日外，我们每天上学。 except for 除……外；修正整体，排除不同 类细节/瑕疵 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.这篇作文写得很好，除了几处拼写 错误外。 besides 除……外(还有);追加同类对 象，强调“加上” Besides English,he speaks French.除英语外， 他还说法语。 but 同except,仅搭配不定代词 (nobody/all等) Nobody but Tom can answer the question.除汤 姆外，无人能答此题。 知识点8 find+sb./sth.+adj.“发现某物/某事……"”(形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态) e.g.I find the movie interesting.我发现这部电影很有趣。 用法find+it(形式宾语)+形容词+真正宾语(to do) e.g.I find it hard to remember new words.我发现记新单词很难。 常用同类动词：think(认为)、feel(感觉)、believe(相信) e.g.I think it easy to solve the problem.我认为解决这个问题很简单。 She feels it comfortable to study in this classroom.她觉得在这间教室学习很舒服。 They believe it useful to read English every morning.他们相信每天早上读英语是很有用的。 知识点9 语法 1.-al 后缀用法 (1)-al 后缀构成的形容词 绝大多数由名词加-al 构成，核心含义为“与……相关的、具有……性质的”,部分需注意拼写 变形。 名词 形容词 nature自然；天性 natural自然的；天生的 culture文化 cultural文化的 tradition传统 traditional传统的 music音乐 musical音乐的 center中心；中央 central中心的 (2)-al 后缀构成的名词 多由动词派生而来，表“动作、过程、结果或相关事物”。 动词 名词 Arrive到达 arrival到达；到来 refuse拒绝 refusal拒绝 survive幸存 survival幸存；存活 (3)-al 后缀构成的兼类词 同时具备形容词和名词两种词性，且含义相关。 词汇 形容词含义 名词含义 chemical 化学的 化学物质 official 官方的；正式的 官员 physical 身体的；物理的 体检 时间状语从句 (1)概念：在复合句中充当时间状语，用来修饰主句的谓语动词，明确说明主句动作发生、进行 或结束的时间，由相应时间连词引导从句，构成完整复合结构。 (2)常用引导连词用法对照表 连词 含义 用法 例句 when 当……时候 可接短暂性/延续性动词，时间 点、时间段通用 She was cooking when the phone rang.电话铃响的时候，她正在 做饭。 while 在……期间 仅接延续性动词/进行时态，强 调时间段 I was doing my homework while my brother was watching TV.我 弟弟看电视的时候，我正在写 作业。 as 一边……一边 ……;随着 主从句动作同步发生 We walked as we talked.我们边 走边聊。 before 在……之前 主句动作先发生，从句动作后 发生 I will finish my work before I go to bed.我睡觉前会完成工作。 after 在……之后 从句动作先发生，主句动作后 发生 After he finished his meal,he went out for a walk.他吃完饭 后，出去散步了。 as soon as -……就 …… 动作紧密衔接，无间隔 I will call you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.我一到上海就给 你打电话。 until/till 直到 肯定句：动作延续至某刻； 否定句：not .until直到……才 He waited until his mother came back.他一直等到他妈妈回来。 She didn’'t go to bed until she finished her homework.她直到 做完作业才睡觉。 (3)时态规则 ①主过从过：时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用相应过去时态。 e.g.When he came in,I was reading a book. 他进来的时候，我正在看书。 ②主将从现：时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。 e.g. I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来，我就把这个消息告诉他。 ③一般真理用一般现在时：描述客观真理、自然规律，主从句一律用一般现在时。 e.g.Water boils when the temperature reaches 100℃. 温度达到100摄氏度时，水会沸腾。 Unit8 知识点1 用法more ...than ...可用于连接对等成分，意为“与 其说……不如说……"" e.g. It is more a choice than a task. 这与其说 是一项任务，不如说是一个选择。 知识点2 用法(1) v.实现(梦想、目标、愿望等) 搭配：realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 同义替换： achieve one's dream、make one's dream come true e.g.She finally realized her dream of becoming a teacher. 她最终实现了当老师的梦想。 (2)v. 意识到，领会 搭配：realize that 从句/realize sth. e.g. I realized my mistake at once. 我立刻意识到了我的错误。 知识点3 the key to+名词/动名词( doing), 意为 “……的关键；……的答案/钥匙”。 用法 此处 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，不 可接动词原形。 同类拓展短语： the answer to ... ……的答案 the secret to ...……的秘诀 the solution to ... ……的解决办法 the way to ...去……的路；……的方法 知识点4 stick 用法①v.粘贴；卡住(过去式：stuck) 短语：stick to( doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 e. g. Stick to your plan and you will succeed. 坚 持你的计划，你就会成功。 He sticks to reading every day. 他坚持每天 阅读。 ②n.枝条；枯枝 e.g. We collected dry sticks to start a fire. 我们 捡了些枯枝生起火来。 知识点5 辨析pay,spend,cost和take 单词 用法 常用搭配 例句 pay 主语是人，直接接“钱”,后接for 加物品；单独pay for表“为…… 买单”。 pay(sb . )+钱+for sth.pay for sth. I paid 10 yuan for the pen.我 为这支笔付了10元。 spend 主语是人，可接“钱/时间”,接 物用on,接动作用(in)doing(in 可省)。 sb.spend+钱/时间+on sth.sb.spend+钱/时 间+(in)doing sth. She spends an hour on English every day. He spent 20 yuan buying a book. cost 主语是物，不能用人作主语，可 直接接“钱”,也可加sb.表“花 某人多少钱”。 sth.cost(sb.)+钱 The book cost me 15 yuan.这 本书花了我15元。 take 固定句型It作形式主语，真正主语 是后面的to do,仅表“花费时间”。 It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. It takes me 20 minutes to walk to school. 知识点6 prefer 用法 ①prefer A to B 比起B 更喜欢A(A、B 均为名 词/动名词) e.g. He prefers tea to coffee. 比起咖啡，他更喜 欢茶。 She prefers reading to watching TV. 比起看电 视，她更喜欢看书。 ②prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事(习惯性、经 常性) e.g. They prefer going out for dinner. 他们更喜 欢出去吃晚饭。 ③prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事(具体、一次 性) e.g. I prefer to stay at home today. 我今天更喜 欢待在家里。 知识点7 辨析accept和receive 单词 含义及用法 例句 accept 主观接受(愿意收下、认可) She accepted the gift happily.她开心地收下了礼物。 receive 客观收到(被动接到) I received a letter yesterday.我昨天收到了一封信。 知识点8 way 相关短语辨析 短语 含义及用法 例句 by the way 顺便提/问一下；用作插入语，可转移 话题、补充提问，口语和书面语通用。 By the way,where did you go yesterday? 顺便问一下，你昨天去哪里了? in the way 挡路、妨碍；表阻碍人/事，后可接介词 for,侧重“挡住去路”。 Your bag is in the way.Please move it. 你的包挡路了，请挪一下。 on the way 在途中、在路上；后接to+地点，地点为 home/here/there时省略to。 I’m on the way to school. 我在去学校的路上。 in this way 用这种方法、通过这种方式；表做某事 的方式，可置于句首或句末。 In this way,you can remember new words easily. 用这种方法，你能轻松记住新单词。 知识点9 be made相关短语辨析 短语 含义及用法 典型例句 be made of 由……制成；物理变化，能直接看出原 材料，仅改变形状、大小等外在形态。 The pants are made of brown cloth. 这条裤子是棕色布料做的。 be made from 由……制成；化学变化，无法直接看出 原材料，物质本质发生改变。 Paper is made from wood.纸是木头做的。 be made in 在……制造；后接产地、国家或城市， 表产品的生产地点。 This watch is made in China.这块手表是 中国制造的。 be made by 由……(人/单位)制作；后接动作的 执行者，表产品的制作主体。 This cake is made by my mother.这个蛋 糕是我妈妈做的。 知识点10 辨析borrow,lend和keep 单词 含义及用法 例句 borrow 及物动词，表“借入”,侧重从他人处拿到自己这 边。常用搭配borrow sth.from sb.,属于短暂性动 词，不可接“for+时间段”类时间状语。 I borrow a pen from Tom.我从汤 姆那借了一支笔。 lend 及物动词，表“借出”,侧重从自己这边给到他人。 常用搭配lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.,属于短暂 性动词，不可接“for+时间段”类时间状语。 Tom lends a pen to me.汤姆借了 一支笔给我。 keep 及物动词，表“保留”,侧重延续性，专门用于表达 “借多久”。常用搭配keep sth.for+时间段，属于 延续性动词，可接“for+时间段”类时间状语。 I can keep the pen for three days. 这支笔我可以借三天。 知识点11 continue v. 继续说；持续，继续做 用法(1)continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事 e.g. He continued reading after lunch. 他午饭 后继续看书。 (2)continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事 e.g.He finished reading and continued to do homework. 他看完书，接着去写作业了。 (3)单独使用，表“继续说/做” e.g. She stopped for a while and continued. 她停了一会儿，然后继续说。 知识点12 persuade v. 使信服；使相信 用法 (1)persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 e .g. She persuaded me to go. 她说服我去。 (2)persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做 某事 e.g. She persuaded me into going. 她说服 我去。 (3)persuade sb. ofsth. 使某人相信某事 e.g. I persuaded her of my honesty. 我让她相 信了我的诚实。 知识点13 case n. 情况；案例 常用短语： 用法①in this case在这种情况下(特指前文提及情 况) ②in case以防；万一(后接从句) e.g. Take a coat in case it is cold. 带上外套， 以防天冷。 ③in case of 倘若；假使(后接名词/短语) e.g.In case of rain,the match will be canceled. 倘若下雨，比赛将被取消。 知识点14 易混短语辨析 短语 含义及用法 例句 a number of “许多；大量”,相当于many,修饰可数 名词复数，谓语动词用复数。 A number of students like English.许多学 生喜欢英语。 the number of “……的数量”,中心词为number,后 接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。 The number of teachers is 30.教师的数量 是30人。 知识点15 用法(1)do with→ 搭配 what 因为do 是及物动词，需要宾语，what 在句中作 do的宾语。 句式为：What+助动词+主语+do with+宾语? e.g. What do you do with your old books? 你怎 么处理你的旧书? (2)deal with→ 搭配how 因为deal 是不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾 语，how 在句中作方式状语。 句式为：How+助动词+主语+deal with +宾语? e.g.How do you deal with your study problems? 你怎么应对你的学习问题? 改写原句：How do you often deal with your pocket money? 你怎么使用/处理你的零花钱? 知识点16 to one's+情感名词令某人……的是(介词短 语，作状语，引出情绪反应) 用法to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 to one's joy 令某人高兴的是 to one's sadness 令某人难过的是 to one's excitement 令某人兴奋的是 e.g.To my surprise,he passed the exam easily. 令我惊讶的是，他轻松通过了考试。 知识点17 语法 1.-ion后缀 用法：动词变抽象名词的后缀，表动作、行为、过程、结果或状态。 变形规则： (1)常规变形：直接加-ion;以不发音的 e 结尾,去e加-ion。 如 ：act→action;create→creation (2)变体变形 ①-sion:以 -d/-de/-se 结尾的动词，去e 或直接替换为-sion。 如：decide→decision;revise→revision ②-ation:以-ate 结尾的动词，去e 加-ation 如：celebrate →celebration; educate→education 2.if 引导的条件状语从句 (1)定义： if引导条件状语从句，表假设的条件(如果),从句修饰主句的动作/状态，说明主句发生的前提。 (2)两种基本形式： ①从句后置(无逗号):主句+if+从句 e.g.We will have a picnic if the weather is fine.如果天气好，我们就去野餐。 ②从句前置(必加逗号):If+从句，+主句. e.g.If the weather is fine,we will have a picnic. 如果天气好，我们就去野餐。 (3)时态 口诀：主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现 规则 从句时态 主句形式 例句 主将从现 一般现在时 will+动词原形 If you study hard,you will get good grades. 如果你努力学习，你会取得好成绩。 主情从现 一般现在时 can/may/must+动词 原形 If you try,you can finish the task by yourself. 如果你试一试，你就能自己完成这项任务。 主祈从现 一般现在时 Do/Don't+动词原形 If you finish homework,hand it in at once. 如果你完成了作业，立刻交上来。 注意： if引导的从句若主语是第三人称单数( he/ she/it/ 单数名词/不可数名词),谓语动词必须变三单，单选常考。 ×错：If he come,we will play together. ☑ 对：If he comes, we will play together. 拓展：if...not = unless(同义转换)“如果 不；除非” e.g.If you don't study hard,you won't pass the exam. 同义句：Unless _you study hard, you won't pass the exam. Unit9 知识点1 prevent v.阻止；预防 用法prevent...from doing sth.阻止……做某事；防止……发生 e.g.We should prevent fire from burning the forest.我们应该防止火烧毁森林。 Wearing masks can prevent people from catching colds.戴口罩可以预防人们感冒。 知识点2 in need处于困境；需要帮助的常见搭配： 用法people in need=those in need有困难的人 be in need of sth.需要某物 e.g.We should care for people in need.我们应该关心有困难的人。 He is in need of more rest.他需要更多休息。 知识点3疑问词+to do 用法适用疑问词：what/how/when/where/who 用法：在句中作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句，即： 疑问词+to do=疑问词+主语+can/should+动词原形 e.g.I don't know what to do.=I don't know what I should do.我不知道该做什么。 Can you tell me how to help him?=Can you tell me how I should help him?你能告诉我该怎么帮助他吗? 注意： what to do做什么(what作do的宾语，不加it)how to do it怎样做(how是方式状语，必须加it/them) 知识点4 die/dead/dying/death/deadly 用法①die v.死亡(动作) e.g.Many birds die in cold winter.很多鸟在寒冬死去。 ②dead adj.死的(状态) e.g.The tree has been dead for weeks.这棵树已经死了好几周。 ③dying adj.垂死的 e.g.He is saving the dying dog.他正在救那只奄奄一息的狗。 ④death n.死亡(名词) e.g.His sudden death surprised us.他的突然离世让我们很惊讶。 ⑤deadly adj.致命的；极度的 e.g.This is a deadly disease.这是一种致命疾病。 知识点5 danger n.危险常考搭配： 用法①in danger处于危险中 e.g.The cat is in danger.这只猫处于危险中。②out of danger脱离危险 e.g.He is out of danger now.他现在脱离危险了。 ③辨析danger和dangerous danger名词(n.),意为“危险”,指危险的状态或事情。 e.g.We must learm to keep away from danger.我们必须学会远离危险。 dangerous形容词(adj.),意为“危险的”,指人/事物本身具有危险性。 e.g.It's dangerous to play with fire.玩火是很危险的。 知识点6 whether conj.是否常用结构： 用法(1)whether...or not e.g.I don't know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。 (2)whether to do sth. e.g.She doesn't know whether to accept the gift.她不知道是否要接受这个礼物。 (3)whether+宾语从句 e.g.I wonder whether it will rain tomorrow.我想知道明天是否会下雨。 易错提醒： 表示“是否”时，if和whether常可互换；但与or not连用、位于介词后、后接to do时，多用/只用whether。 break down打倒，砸破(某物);使分解为e.g.My car broke down on the way.我的车在路上抛锚了。 We can break down the task into small steps.我·们可以把任务分解为小步骤。 知识点7 break相关短语拓展： 用法break out(战争、火灾、疾病)爆发 breakup破碎；解散；分手 break into pieces破成碎片 break off中断；突然停止 break through突破 e.g.A big fire broke out last night.昨晚一场大火爆发了。 They decided to break up the partnership.他们决定拆伙。 知识点8近义辨析 词汇 含义 用法 例句 none 没有一个(人物) 三者及以上，可指人或物；可与of连用；回答How many/How much None of us knows the answer.我们中没有人知道答案。 no one 没有人 只指人，不指物；不与of连用；回答W h o No one can help him.没有人能帮他。 nothing 什么也没有 只指物，不指人；不与of连用；回答What There is nothing in the bag.袋子里什么也没有。 知识点9 语法 1. 合成词 合成词就是由两个或两个以上独立单词组合而成、表达一个完整新含义的单词。 构成方式 构成 合成词 名词+名词 snow(雪)+storm(暴风雨) snowstorm(暴风雪) 形容词+名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板) blackboard(黑板) 副词/介词+名词 after(在……之后)+noon(中午) afternoon(下午) 动词+名词 play(玩)+ground(地面) playground(操场) 副词/介词+动词 out(出去)+look(看) outlook(展望；观点) 2. 副词比较级和最高级 与形容词类似，副词也有原级、比较级和最高级，用于比较动作的程度或方式。 (1)构成规则 1.规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est fast faster fastest near nearer nearest 以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st late later latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y变i，再加 -er或 -est easy easier easiest early earlier earliest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er或-est big hot fat wet thin bigger hotter fatter wetter thinner biggest hottest fattest wettest thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most careful beautiful quickly carefully more careful more beautiful more quickly more carefully most careful most beautiful most quickly most carefully 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest little less least 形容词和副词的比较等级的常用结构 1.原级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 as+形容词原形/副词原形+as 和……一样…… She is as beautiful as her mother. I worked as hard as before. not+so/as+形容词原形/副词原形+as 不如……那样…… I can't type so fast as you. 2.比较级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 比较级+than 比……更…… Cassie's room is bigger than mine. The weather here is hotter than that in Yunnan. 比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… It's getting warmer and warmer. the+比较级， the+比较级 越……，就越…… The more books you read, the more you know. Which/What/Who...+比较级,A or B? 哪一个/什么/谁更……,A还是B? Who plays tennis better, Mike or Sam? the+比较级+of the two... 两者中较……的那一个 Anne is the taller of the two girls. 3.最高级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 （the+）最高级（+单数名词）+in/of/among+比较范围 在……中最…… It is the biggest city in China. Soccer is the most popular sport in the country. He could jump （the） farthest of all. one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一 Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers. sth.+be+the+形容词最高级+名词（+that）+ sb. have/has/had ever +过去分词 某事物是某人所有经历中最……的 He said it was the quietest and most beautiful place he had ever been to. the+序数词+形容词最高级 第几最……的 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 易错点 1.表示程度的副词（quite、very、too、so、enough等）只能修饰形容词和副词原级。 例：He is very tall. She is old enough to drive. 2.much/a lot/even/far/a little/a bit可修饰比较级，放在比较级前面，表程度。 例：It's a bit colder today than yesterday. She is much better today. 3.more只能用于构成比较级,不可用于修饰比较级。 4.形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the,但其前面有形容词性物主代词（如my/his...）或名词所有格（如Lily's）时不加the；副词最高级前的the可省略。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） Unit7 语法一：-al 形容词后缀 (一)构词规律：加在名词后，将名词转化为形容词，含义为“与……相关的；具有……性质的； 属于……的”。 (二)高频基础例词 1.person→ (个人的；私人的) 2.tradition→ (传统的) 3.culture → (文化的) 4.center→ (中心的) 5.music→ (音乐的) 6.education → ( 教育的) 【答案】1.personal 2.traditional 3.cultural 4.central 5.musical6.educational (三)用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We love our (nation)flag very much. 2.It's a (nature)lake in the mountain. 3.This is my (person)phone.You can't use it. 4.Spring Festival is a (tradition)festival in China. 5.We have many (culture)activities at school. 【答案】1 .national 2.natural 3. personal 4.traditional 5.cultural Unit8 一、语法一：-ion名词后缀 (一)构词规律：加在动词词尾，将动作类动词转化为抽象名词，表示某个动作、行为、过程或该 动作的结果或状态。 (二)高频基础例词 1. act → ( n. 行动) 2.invent→ (n. 发明) 3.invite → ( n. 邀请) 4.collect → (n. 收集) 5.decide → (n. 决定) 6.protect → (n. 保护) 【答案】1.action 2.invention 3.invitation 4.collection 5.decision 6.protection (三)选词并用适当形式填空 invite,decide,act,operate,collect 1.My mother made a to learn English well. 2.The doctor will do an for the old man tomorrow. 3.I received an to the birthday party yesterday. 4.We must take to save the animals in danger. 5.Tom has a big of toy cars. 【答案】1.decision 2.operation 3.invitation 4.action 5.collection Unit9 语法一：合成词 (一)构词规律：由两个或两个以上独立基础单词组合而成，形成新单词、新含义，词性和用法 可通过拆分原词快速判断。 (二)高频基础例词 1.school+bag→ ( 书包) 2.home+work → (家庭作业) 3.play+ground→ (操场) 4.some+times→ (有时) 5.else+where → (在别处) 6.class+room→ (教室) 【答案】1.schoolbag 2.homework 3.playground 4.sometimes 5.elsewhere 6.classroom (三)选词填空 handbag,snowstorm,grassland,flashlight,earthquake 1.We see many sheep and cows walking on the green 2.A small happens and people all run out of the house. 3.My mom puts her keys,phone and a wallet in her new 4.A heavy comes and the children have to stay at home. 5.Jane takes a bright when she goes for a walk at night. 【答案】1.grassland 2.earthquake 3.handbag 4.snowstorm 5.flashlight 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） Unit7 时间状语从句 (一)用法：说明动作发生时间的从句，由时间连词引导，可放在主句前或主句后，重点掌握基 础连词+语序规则+时态搭配。 (二)高频例句 1.When she , we were talking. ( 当她进来时，我们正在聊天。) 2.While my mother is cooking,I my homework. ( 妈妈做饭时，我写作业。) 3.Sally will go out as soon as she her dinner. ( 莎莉一煮完饭就会出去。) 4.I until I finish my homework. (我直到写完作业才睡觉。) 【答案】1.came in 2.am doing 3.cooks 4.don't go to bed (三)选词填空 when,while,as soon as,until,after 1. my father is watching TV,I am cleaning the room. 2. you see him,please tell him to call me back. 3. the rain stopped, we went out for a walk. 4. it is sunny,we usually walk a pet dog in the park. 5.She won't go to the zoo her friend comes tomorrow. 【答案】1.While 2.As soon as 3.After 4.When 5.until 三、句型转换 1. The children went to play on the playground. The rain stopped. ( 用 as soon as 合并为一句) 2.I was doing my homework when my mother came back.( 改为一般疑问句) your homework when your mother came back? 3. The students play basketball twice a week after school. (对画线部分提问) the students play basketball after school? 【答案】1.The children went to play on the playground as soon as the rain stopped.2.Were;doing3.How;often;do Unit8 if引导的条件状语从句 (一)用法：if 意为“如果；假如”,表示主句动作发生的条件或前提。if 引导的条件状语从句 可放在主句前也可以放主句后，位置不同标点有差异。 如：You will pass the exam if you study hard.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (二)核心时态规则 1. 主将从现：主句用 ,从句用 表将来的条件。 如：If it tomorrow,we to the park. (如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。) 2.主情从现：主句用 ,从句仍用 如：We if the light . (如果红灯亮了，我们必须停下。) 3.主祈使从现：主句祈使句( 原形/Don't+动词原形开头),从句仍用一般现在时。 如： if the floor wet. ( 地面湿的话，别跑。) 【答案】1.一般将来时；一般现在时； doesn't rain;will go 2.情态动词；一般现在时；must stop;is red 3.动词；Don't run;is (三)用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.If she (get)up late,she (be)late for school. 2.We (go)fishing if the weather (be)fine tomorrow. 3.He (can speak)English well if he (practice)every day. 4.If he (come)home, (give)him this letter. 【答案】1.gets;will be 2.will go; is 3.can speak;practices 4.comes;give 三、句型转换 1.If you don't study hard,you can't pass the exam. ( 改为同义句) ,or you can't pass the exam. 2.Emma has an art class on Tuesday.( 对画线部分提问) Emma have an art class? 【答案】1.Study;hard 2.When;does Unit9 副词比较级和最高级 (一)用法： 1.比较级用法(两者比较) 标志词：than(比);常用结构：A+比较级+ +B 如：She dances than her friend at the party.她在派对上跳舞比她朋友更美。 2. 最高级用法(三者及以上比较) 标志词：in+范围(in our class)/ of+群体(of all the students) 常用结构：A+(the)+ 最高级+in/of 如：He swims of all the boys in our school.他是我们学校所有男生中游得最快的。 【答案】1.than; more beautifully2.(the)fastest (二)用所给副词的适当形式填空 1.My mother cooks (well) than my father,and the food tastes great. 2.The old man walks (slowly)than the young man on the street. 3.Li Ming speaks English (clearly)in our English group. 4.He answers the teacher's questions (quickly)than any other student. 5.This red bike can go (far)on the same road. 【答案】1.better 2. more slowly 3.(the)most clearly 4.more quickly 5.(the)farthest 三、句型转换 1.Tina was reading in the library when the storm came. (对画线部分提问) What Tina when the storm came? 2.There will be a thunder shower tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句) there a thunder shower tomorrow? 3.I can finish the work on time.He'll help me. ( 用 if 合并为一句) he me,I the work on time. 【答案】1.was;doing 2.Will;be 3.If;helps;can finish 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （1） （25-26八年级下·福建泉州·期中）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Nowadays people use money every day. It is very important in our 1 (social) and life. Without money, you cannot buy anything you want. But 2 (actual), few people know the history of money. Long ago, people did not need money. They lived on wild animals, fruits and other plants. As time 3 (pass), people learned to grow plants and keep animals. Sometimes, families produced more things than they needed, so they started to sell 4 (they) to others. Later, people began to use money, 5 it was not the kind of money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt, large stones, etc. During the 600s BC, people began using coins 6 money. They were 7 (easy) to carry. Later, countries started to make their own coins. The Chinese were 8 first to use paper money, probably as early as the late10th century. The Italian traveler Marco Polo told 9 (foreigner) about Chinese paper money when he visited China in the 1200s. Today, we have many ways to buy things. We not only use coins and paper money, but also use bank cards and mobile phones. 10 (pay) with a card or a phone is easier and safer than carrying a lot of “real” money. 【答案】1．society 2．actually 3．passed 4．them 5．but 6．as 7．easier 8．the 9．foreigners 10．Paying 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了货币的历史与发展，从物物交换到现代电子支付的演变过程。 1．句意：金钱在我们的社会和生活当中非常重要。该处需填一个名词，放在形容词性物主代词our的后面，social的名词形式是society，符合“在社会和生活中”的语境。 2．句意：但事实上，很少有人了解货币的历史。该处修饰整个句子，需要副词，actual的副词形式为actually。 3．句意：随着时间的推移，人们学会了种植植物和饲养动物。本文讲述过去的历史，用一般过去时，pass的过去式为passed，as time passed是固定表达“随着时间的推移”。 4．句意：有时，家庭生产的东西超出了他们的需求，所以他们开始把多余的东西卖给其他人。动词sell后接人称代词宾格作宾语，they的宾格是them，指代前文生产的多余物品。 5．句意：后来，人们开始使用货币，但并不是我们今天所使用的这种货币。前文说人们开始使用钱，后文说不是我们如今使用的钱币，前后是转折关系，填连词but。 6．句意：公元前600年左右，人们开始使用硬币作为货币。此处是固定搭配use sth as sth，意为“把某物用作某物”，表示将硬币当作钱使用，填as。 7．句意：它们便于携带。此处隐含和早期笨重的货币形式对比，硬币更容易携带，用easy的比较级easier，符合语境。 8．句意：中国人是最早使用纸币的，可能最早在10世纪末就开始使用了。序数词first前需要加定冠词the，the first to do sth表示“第一个做某事的”，符合语法规则。 9．句意：意大利旅行家马可·波罗在13世纪访问中国时，向外国人讲述了中国的纸币。foreigner是可数名词，此处表示泛指多个外国人，用复数形式foreigners。 10．句意：用卡或手机支付比携带大量现金更容易、更安全。空格处在句中作主语，需要用pay的动名词形式Paying，句首首字母需大写。 （2） （25-26八年级下·福建宁德·期中）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整，行文连贯。 Hello, everyone! Today, I’m going to share some thoughts on fire safety, because an accident 1 (happen) a week ago in my community. Here is some advice on how to prevent fires and keep safe from fires. First, never play with 2 (match). They are not toys and can easily start 3 fire. Second, make sure you have smoke alarms at home. They will ring 4 there is a fire and give you time to run away. 5 (three), make a plan to leave your home. Practice it with your family, so everyone 6 (know) how to do it. Finally, always remember to stay away from fire and heat sources (热源). Get out as 7 (quick) as possible and call 119. All in all, fire safety is important in our daily lives. It’s necessary to know what to do when there is a fire. Always be 8 (care) and prepared. Thank you for listening! 【答案】1．happened 2．matches 3．a 4．if 5．Third 6．knows 7．quickly 8．careful 【导语】本文作者结合社区一周前发生的火灾事故，分享了几条消防安全建议，强调了日常生活中消防安全的重要性。 1．句意：今天，我想分享一些关于消防安全的想法，因为一周前我的社区发生了一起事故。句中“a week ago”表明动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 2．句意：首先，永远不要玩火柴。此处泛指“火柴”，需用名词复数形式，match的复数形式为matches。 3．句意：它们不是玩具，很容易引发火灾。此处泛指“一场火灾”，fire是辅音音素开头的单词，用a修饰。 4．句意：如果有火灾，它们会响起，给你逃跑的时间。“there is a fire”是“They will ring”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。 5．句意：第三，制定一个离开家的计划。前文用 First、Second表示顺序，此处表示“第三”，用序数词Third。 6．句意：和家人一起练习，这样每个人都知道怎么做。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是不定代词everyone，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 7．句意：尽快出去并拨打119。as...as结构中，中间用形容词或副词原级，此处修饰动词短语Get out，应用副词原级。 8．句意：始终保持小心和做好准备。be后接形容词作表语，care的形容词为careful。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $