Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年译林版高一英语必修第三册

Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地 2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→try v．尝试 4．limited adj.有限的→limit n．& vt.限制 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含 6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示 8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物 9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示 10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智 11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favorable adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 13．electricity n．电，电能→electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的 14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的 16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人 17．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地 19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→permission n．允许，许可 20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责任的 21．nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n．国家；民族 22．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚 一、单句语法填空 1．He took no (responsible) for that accident. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：他对那次事故不承担责任。空格处用名词作宾语，responsible的名词是responsibility，意为“责任”，此处为抽象概念，不可数，故填responsibility。 2．She was kept in (ignore) of her husband’s activities. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】考查名词。句意：她对丈夫的活动一无所知。空处作介词in的宾语，用名词ignorance“无知”，in ignorance of“不知道，不了解”，固定搭配。故填ignorance。 3． (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. 【答案】Seen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山顶上看，这座城市就像一个花园。本句谓语为looks like，此处为非谓语动词，且the city与see“看”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Seen。 4．In fact, failure is (benefit) to our growth. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：事实上，失败对我们的成长是有益的。空处需用形容词作表语；benefit的形容词为beneficial“有益的”，构成短语be beneficial to“对……有益”符合题意。故填beneficial。 5．The advances in AI can greatly improve patient’s chances of (survive). 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：人工智能的进步可以大大提高病人的生存机会。空处应填名词作介词of的宾语，survival表示“生存”为不可数名词，故填survival。 6． (pay) off all his debts in time, he had to do several jobs every day. 【答案】To pay 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了及时还清所有的债务，他不得不每天做几份工作。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式to pay，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To pay。 7．It is a pity that the sports meeting (postpone) twice so far. 【答案】has been postponed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：遗憾的是，到目前为止，运动会已经推迟了两次。空处为主语从句的谓语动词，主语meeting和postpone为被动关系，结合时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知，句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been postponed。 8．Apart from these, the school has advanced laboratories, which enable us to conduct interesting (science) experiments. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：除此之外，学校还拥有先进的实验室，使我们能够进行有趣的科学实验。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词experiments，science的形容词scientific“科学的”符合句意。故填scientific。 9．Charles Dickens’ novel (entitle) Great Expectations enjoys great popularity among readers. 【答案】entitled 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：查尔斯・狄更斯的小说《远大前程》在读者中广受欢迎。设空处修饰名词novel作后置定语，“entitle”与“novel”之间是被动关系，意为“被命名为”，应用过去分词entitled。故填entitled。 10．The (frighten) look on her face suggested that something terrible must have happened to her. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她脸上惊恐的表情表明，她一定发生了可怕的事情。空格处需用形容词修饰名词“look(表情)”，作定语；frightened表示“感到惊恐的”，可用于修饰人或与人相关的表情、眼神等，符合语境。故填frightened。 11．The event, (schedule) to take place next month, is aimed at raising people’s awareness of environmental protection. 【答案】scheduled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该活动定于下个月举行，旨在提高人们的环保意识。已有谓语动词is aimed at，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the event和schedule为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填scheduled。 12．Her (nation) is American. 【答案】nationality 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的国籍是美国。此处作主语，应用名词nationality“国籍”，此处特指她的国籍，应用单数形式。故填nationality。 13．Anyone (devote) to environmental protection will take action to reduce plastic waste in daily life. 【答案】devoted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：任何致力于环境保护的人都会采取行动减少日常生活中的塑料垃圾。be devoted to...致力于……，作后置定语，修饰Anyone，所以用过去分词形式。故填devoted。 14．One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger, (know) as the Northeast Tiger in China. 【答案】known 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：世界上最濒危的动物之一是西伯利亚虎，在中国被称为东北虎。空处是非谓语，作the Siberian tiger的后置定语，know“将……称为”和the Siberian tiger逻辑上是被动关系，因此用know的过去分词形式。故填known。 15． (ask) to answer the question, he felt a little nervous. 【答案】Being asked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当被要求回答这个问题时，他感到有点紧张。ask与he是被动关系（被要求回答问题），且表示动作正在进行，故用being done形式。首字母大写。故填Being asked。 16．The book, (base) on a true story, came out last month and turned out to be a bestseller. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本根据真实故事改编的书上个月刚出版就成了畅销书。句子主干成分完整，空处作The book的后置定语，短语be based on（基于、以……为基础），此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语，故填based。 17．There is a leader in each area of the town and each town has an (elect) leader. 【答案】elected 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：镇上每个区域都有一名负责人，而且每个镇都有一名民选领导人。elect与leader为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填elected。 18．Our school plans to organize a Chinese workshop activity, (intend) to promote cultural exchange between China and the UK. 【答案】intended 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们学校计划组织一场中文工作坊活动，旨在促进中英两国之间的文化交流。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a Chinese workshop activity，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填intended。 19． (occupy) in practicing the piano for her upcoming recital, she turned down all weekend outing invitations. 【答案】Occupied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于忙着为即将到来的独奏会练习钢琴，她拒绝了所有周末外出的邀请。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据“be occupied in doing sth.”意为“忙于做某事”可知，occupy与主语she之间为被动关系，所以此处为过去分词短语作原因状语，且位于句首首字母需大写，符合语境。故填Occupied。 20． (found) in 1949, the People’s Republic of China is the third country in the world to send man into space. 【答案】Founded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中华人民共和国成立于1949年，是世界上第三个将人类送入太空的国家。句中is为谓语动词，found在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the People’s Republic of China构成被动关系，表示“被建立”，故用过去分词作状语，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填Founded。 21．Mrs. Smith took out a handful of beans from the glass (contain) and began to count them. 【答案】container 【详解】考查名词。句意：史密斯太太从玻璃容器里拿出一把豆子，开始数。空处作from的宾语，被glass修饰，名词container符合题意，意为“容器”。故填container。 22．My parents gave me much (free) to do whatever I liked. 【答案】freedom 【详解】考查名词。句意：我父母给了我很大的自由，让我做任何我喜欢的事。空处为宾语，应用名词freedom，表示“自由”，不可数名词。故填freedom。 23．In addition, the hospital (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood. 【答案】attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，附属于附近医学院的那家医院在洪水中被毁了。the hospital与attach之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词attached作后置定语。 故填attached。 24．The hotel manager has all guest rooms (equip) with smart control systems. 【答案】equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：酒店经理为所有客房配备了智能控制系统。be equipped with配备，在句中作后置定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填equipped。 25．The novel The Old Man and the Sea, by Hemingway, is well worth reading. (write) 【答案】written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海明威的小说《老人与海》很值得一读。句中已有谓语动词is，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语novel和write之间为被动关系，应用过去分词written作后置定语。故填written。 二、单词拼写 26．Due to the heavy rain, we will have to (推迟) the sports meeting until next Wednesday afternoon. 【答案】postpone 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于雨势很大，我们不得不将运动会推迟到下周三下午举行。根据汉语提示可知用动词postpone，且上文为短语have to do sth.。故填postpone。 27．According to numerous scientific researches, exposing children to art is (有益) to their brain development. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据大量的科学研究，让孩子接触艺术对他们的大脑发育有益。“有益”的英文表达是beneficial，在句中作表语，构成固定短语be beneficial to，意为“对……有益”。故填beneficial。 28．I don’t feel ready to take on new (责任). 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：我觉得自己还没准备好承担新的责任。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“责任”应用名词responsibility，这里为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语，符合语境。故填responsibility。 29． (与……相比较) with Hongyadong, Danzishi Old Street is less crowded.   【答案】Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与洪崖洞相比，弹子石老街没那么拥挤。“与……相比较”用动词compare，作比较状语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“Danzishi Old Street”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Compared。 30． (实验) over the past years have shown that birds are genetically programmed to learn celestial reference points in order to determine their flight direction during migration. 【答案】Experiments 【详解】考查名词。句意：过去数年的实验表明，鸟类在基因层面被设定为会学习天体参照点，以便在迁徙过程中确定飞行方向。根据汉语提示“实验”可知，此处为名词experiment，作主语，结合谓语have shown可知，主语使用复数形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Experiments。 31．In the harsh desert environment, finding enough water and food is crucial for the (存活) of both humans and animals.. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：在严酷的沙漠环境中，为人类和动物找到足够的水和食物对于它们的存活至关重要。根据汉语提示“存活”和句意，此处为名词survival作介词for的宾语。故填survival。 32．He practices hard so he can (应用) his computer skills to help his classmates fix their laptop problems. 【答案】apply 【详解】考查动词。句意：他刻苦练习，以便能运用自己的计算机技能帮助同学修理笔记本电脑。apply…to表示“将……应用于”，固定搭配。 can是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填apply。 33．We attended a dinner party (主办) by the president of the company. 【答案】hosted/osted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们参加了公司总裁举办的晚宴。根据汉语提示“主办”可知，本空用动词host，本句已有谓语动词attended，空处需填非谓语动词，作后置定语，名词party和host为逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词形式。故填hosted。 34．The old house, (废弃，抛弃) for years, stood there silently, telling stories of the past. 【答案】abandoned 【详解】考查动词。句意：这座废弃多年的老房子静静地矗立在那里，诉说着过去的故事。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“废弃，抛弃”应用abandon，为动词，在本句中作非谓语；The old house与abandon为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词形式作定语，符合语境。故填abandoned。 35．His job is to record how (政客) vote on major issues. 【答案】politicians 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的工作是记录政客们在重大问题上的投票情况。根据汉语提示“政客”可知，用名词politician，此处指不止一个政客投票，用复数形式politicians，在how引导的宾语从句中作主语。故填politicians。 36．Online courses (目标) at working professionals usually offer flexible schedules. 【答案】aimed/targeted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：针对职场人士的网络课程通常提供灵活的时间表。根据汉语提示“目标”，对应的英文单词为aim或target。空处为非谓语动词作定语，且与逻辑主语Online courses构成被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。故填aimed/targeted。 37．The scientist spent 10 years verifying the (理论) he proposed in his early paper, and finally proved it correct through experiments. 【答案】theory 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位科学家花了10年时间来验证他在早期论文中提出的理论，并最终通过实验证明了它的正确性。根据汉语提示“理论”可知，用名词theory，此处特指他在早期论文中提出的理论，用单数形式，作verifying的宾语。故填theory。 38．Look at the title, then predict what you will read in the (以……为特色的) report. 【答案】featured 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看标题，然后预测你将在专题报道中读到什么。结合“report”可知，“以……为特色”应用动词feature，空处作修饰report的定语，feature和report逻辑上是被动关系，因此用feature的过去分词形式，featured report意为“专题报道”。故填featured。 39． (提倡) by many well-known experts, the product was very popular at one time. 【答案】Advocated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多知名专家的提倡下，该产品一度非常受欢迎。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词advocate“提倡”，空处作非谓语，和逻辑主语the product之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Advocated。 40．The company (声称) that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river. 【答案】claims/declares 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：该公司声称其对河流污染一事不负责任。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据句意和后文is可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；表示“声称”用claim/declare，句子主语company为第三人称单数。故填claims/declares。 三、完成句子 41．我无法集中注意力做这个实验。 I couldn’t . 【答案】 concentrate on the experiment 【详解】考查短语。根据句意，句中“集中注意力”用短语concentrate on；“这个实验”翻译为the experiment。情态动词couldn’t后接动词原形。故填concentrate on the experiment。 42．当他获得比赛一等奖时，他花在独自练习上的额外时间终于得到了回报。 When he won the first prize of the competition, all the extra hours that he spent practicing alone at last. 【答案】 paid off 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“得到了回报”，“得到回报”英文表达为pay off，为主句的谓语；由时间状语从句中的won可知，句子时态为一般过去时，因此动词pay需用过去式paid。故填①paid；②off。 43．不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。 , she jumps into his grave. 【答案】 Overcome with sorrow 【详解】考查动词短语。动词短语be overcome with sorrow表示“不胜伤悲”，该句中overcome作状语，故应用过去分词形式，表被动；句首字母大写。故空①填Overcome；空②填with；空③sorrow。 44．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant . 你最好写下餐馆里的电话号码供将来查阅。 【答案】for you to refer to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“供将来查阅”可用动词不定式短语to refer to，作后置定语，修饰名词the phone number of that restaurant。不定式的逻辑主语用for you表达。故填for you to refer to。 45．To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, . 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。 【答案】the researchers conducted two experiments 【详解】考查动词和名词。“研究人员”翻译为the researchers；“进行”用动词conduct表示；“两个实验”翻译为two experiments；句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填the researchers conducted two experiments。 46．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city   for health care reform. 去年进行的一项调查显示，本市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的提议。 【答案】were in favour of the proposal 【详解】考查动词短语和名词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“赞成”应用be in favour of ，为动词短语，在本句中作从句谓语，由last year可知，这里时态用一般过去时，主语80% of the middle aged in this city为复数，谓语动词应用were；表示“提议”应用the proposal，作介词后宾语。故填were in favour of the proposal。 47． , which makes his parents very anxious. 这个学生对电脑游戏上瘾，这让他父母很担心。 【答案】The student is addicted to computer games 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。“某人对……上瘾”用固定短语sb. be addicted to...；“电脑游戏”译为 computer games。句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时。主语the student是单数，be动词用is。空处填入The student is addicted to computer games作为主句，后接which引导的非限制性定语从句，符合句子逻辑。故填The student is addicted to computer games。 48．他们发出了出人意料的响亮的声音。 They . 【答案】let out a surprisingly loud voice 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“发出（声音）”用动词短语let out；“声音”用名词voice作宾语；“响亮的”用形容词loud，作定语修饰名词voice；“出人意料地”用副词surprisingly，作状语修饰形容词loud，表示出乎意料的程度，surprisingly是辅音音素开头的单词，前面使用不定冠词a；句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填let out a surprisingly loud voice。 49．我在查看我的文档时，意外地发现了她的信。 I found her letter accident as I was looking through my files. 【答案】by 【详解】考查介词短语。根据中英文句子可知，空处缺少“意外地”的英文表达，“by accident”是固定短语，意为“意外地、偶然地”，符合语境。故填by。 50．老人安慰那个被他人取笑的孩子。 The old man comforted the child by others. 【答案】 made fun of 【详解】考查固定短语及非谓语动词。根据句意，“取笑”对应固定短语make fun of。句中“the child”与“make fun of”之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语made fun of作后置定语，修饰“the child”，相当于定语从句who was made fun of by others。故填①made②fun③of。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous 51 (contribution) to the world, the most well-known 52 (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a 53 (courage) and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, 54 obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, 55 (enter) university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, 56 was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he 57 (gradual) became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he 58 (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his 59 (explain) of the photoelectric effect. To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received 60 electric shock. On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist 【答案】 51．contributions 52．being 53．courageous 54．despite 55．entering 56．which 57．gradually 58．was awarded 59．explanation 60．an 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦的生平、科学成就及公众形象。 51．考查名词的数。句意：他为世界做出了无数贡献，其中最著名的便是广义相对论和质能方程E=mc²。空处为名词形式担当宾语，根据numerous可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填contributions。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：他为世界做出了无数贡献，其中最著名的便是广义相对论和质能方程E=mc²。空处为非谓语动词引导的独立主格；逻辑主语“the most well-known”和“be”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填being。 53．考查形容词。句意：爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，更是一个勇敢且善良的人，深受人们爱戴。修饰名词用形容词形式，意为“勇敢的”。故填courageous。 54．考查介词。句意：16岁时，他试图进入瑞士的大学，但尽管数学和物理成绩优异，却因入学考试中综合科目分数较低而失败。空处为介词形式，意为“虽然、尽管”，用介词“despite”。故填despite。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：又学习了一年后，他终于通过了考试，1896年进入大学，并在1900年毕业。空处为非谓语动词形式担当结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填entering。 56．考查定语从句。句意：同年，后来被称为科学史上的“奇迹之年”，他发表了四篇极具分量的物理学论文。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词“That same year”在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 57．考查副词。句意：此后，他逐渐以“新艾萨克・牛顿”的身份闻名于世。修饰动词，担当句子的状语，表示“逐渐”。故填gradually。 58．考查谓语动词。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年度诺贝尔物理学奖。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“In 1922”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语“he”和动词“award”之间为被动关系。故填was awarded。 59．考查名词。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年度诺贝尔物理学奖。空处为名词形式担当宾语，意为“解释”。故填explanation。 60．考查冠词。句意：他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时头发直立，仿佛刚遭受了电击一般。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Chen-Ning, a world-renowned physicist and Nobel laureate, passed away in Beijing on Saturday at the age of 103. Yang, together with his colleague Tsung-Dao Lee, 61 (award) the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 for their theory of parity non-conservation in weak interaction, which made 62 (he) the first Chinese Nobel winner. Born in Hefei in 1922, Yang moved to Tsinghua with his family in 1929. Growing up on the campus of Tsinghua University, 63 his father taught mathematics, he developed a deep love for science. He later went to the United States for 64 (far) studies in 1945. His work with Robert Mills, known as the“Yang-Mills theory”, is considered one of the foundation of modern physics and is comparable in 65 (significant) to Maxwell’s equations. 66 his outstanding international achievements, Yang always maintained a deep connection with China. His first visit to the People’s Republic of China in 1971 is 67 (wide) believed to have helped initiate a wave of visits by overseas Chinese scholars. He personally raised funds 68 (establish) a committee for educational exchange with China. Upon his return to Tsinghua, he dedicated himself 69 the development of the Institute for Advanced Study and the cultivation of talent. The life of Professor Yang was an immortal legend, 70 (explore) the unknown with a heart devoted to his nation. 【答案】 61．was awarded 62．him 63．where 64．further 65．significance 66．Despite 67．widely 68．to establish 69．to 70．exploring 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。103岁的诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁先生在北京逝世。他凭相关理论及“杨-米尔斯理论”成现代物理巨匠，1971年归国推动中外学术交流，后深耕清华育人才，兼具科学成就与家国情怀。 61．考查时态语态。句意：杨振宁与他的同事李政道因在弱相互作用中的宇称不守恒理论而共同荣获 1957 年诺贝尔物理学奖，这使他成为了首位获得该奖项的中国科学家。主语Yang与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in 1957可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语与together with前的主语Yang一致，用单数。故填was awarded。 62．考查代词。句意：杨振宁与他的同事李政道因在弱相互作用中的宇称不守恒理论而共同荣获 1957 年诺贝尔物理学奖，这使他成为了首位获得该奖项的中国科学家。作动词的宾语，用宾格him。故填him。 63．考查定语从句。句意：他在清华大学的校园里长大，而他的父亲就在那里教授数学，因此，他深深地爱上了科学。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Tsinghua University，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 64．考查比较级。句意：后来他在1945年前往美国继续深造。表示“深造”用further study。故填further。 65．考查名词。句意：他与罗伯特·米尔斯的合作成果，即所谓的“杨-米尔斯理论”，被认为是现代物理学的基石之一，其重要性堪比麦克斯韦方程组。作介词的宾语，用名词significance。故填significance。 66．考查介词。句意：尽管他在国际上取得了卓越的成就，但杨始终与中国的联系紧密相连。表示“尽管”用介词despite，首字母大写。故填Despite。 67．考查副词。句意：1971年他首次访问中华人民共和国，人们普遍认为这一举动促进了海外华裔学者纷纷前来访问的局面的形成。修饰动词believe用副词widely。故填widely。 68．考查非谓语动词。句意：他亲自筹集资金，成立了一个与中国进行教育交流的委员会。此处establish作目的状语用不定式。故填to establish。 69．考查介词。句意：回到清华大学后，他全身心投入到高等研究院的建设以及人才培养的工作中。短语dedicate oneself to表示“全身心投入”。故填to。 70．考查非谓语动词。句意：杨教授的一生堪称不朽传奇，他怀着对祖国的赤诚之心，勇敢地探索未知领域。此处explore与Professor Yang构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填exploring。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→ adv.广泛地 2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→ n．打算 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→ v．尝试 4．limited adj.有限的→ n．& vt.限制 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→ vt.包含 6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→ n．益处 vt.对……有益处 7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→ n．图解，图示 8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→ adj.周围的→ n．周围的事物 9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→ n．表明；暗示 10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→ n．才智 11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→ adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→ n．政治→ adj.政治的 13．electricity n．电，电能→ adj.电的，发电的，电动的 14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→ n．科学→ n．科学家 15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→ adj.不道德的 16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→ n．申请；应用→ n．申请人 17． ignorance n．无知→ adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ vt.忽视；不理睬 18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→ adv.自由地 19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→ n．允许，许可 20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→ adj.负责任的 21．nationality n．国籍；民族→ adj.国家的；民族的→ n．国家；民族 22．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→ v．结婚 一、单句语法填空 1．He took no (responsible) for that accident. 2．She was kept in (ignore) of her husband’s activities. 3． (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. 4．In fact, failure is (benefit) to our growth. 5．The advances in AI can greatly improve patient’s chances of (survive). 6． (pay) off all his debts in time, he had to do several jobs every day. 7．It is a pity that the sports meeting (postpone) twice so far. 8．Apart from these, the school has advanced laboratories, which enable us to conduct interesting (science) experiments. 9．Charles Dickens’ novel (entitle) Great Expectations enjoys great popularity among readers. 10．The (frighten) look on her face suggested that something terrible must have happened to her. 11．The event, (schedule) to take place next month, is aimed at raising people’s awareness of environmental protection. 12．Her (nation) is American. 13．Anyone (devote) to environmental protection will take action to reduce plastic waste in daily life. 14．One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger, (know) as the Northeast Tiger in China. 15． (ask) to answer the question, he felt a little nervous. 16．The book, (base) on a true story, came out last month and turned out to be a bestseller. 17．There is a leader in each area of the town and each town has an (elect) leader. 18．Our school plans to organize a Chinese workshop activity, (intend) to promote cultural exchange between China and the UK. 19． (occupy) in practicing the piano for her upcoming recital, she turned down all weekend outing invitations. 20． (found) in 1949, the People’s Republic of China is the third country in the world to send man into space. 21．Mrs. Smith took out a handful of beans from the glass (contain) and began to count them. 22．My parents gave me much (free) to do whatever I liked. 23．In addition, the hospital (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood. 24．The hotel manager has all guest rooms (equip) with smart control systems. 25．The novel The Old Man and the Sea, by Hemingway, is well worth reading. (write) 二、单词拼写 26．Due to the heavy rain, we will have to (推迟) the sports meeting until next Wednesday afternoon. 27．According to numerous scientific researches, exposing children to art is (有益) to their brain development. 28．I don’t feel ready to take on new (责任). 29． (与……相比较) with Hongyadong, Danzishi Old Street is less crowded.   30． (实验) over the past years have shown that birds are genetically programmed to learn celestial reference points in order to determine their flight direction during migration. 31．In the harsh desert environment, finding enough water and food is crucial for the (存活) of both humans and animals.. 32．He practices hard so he can (应用) his computer skills to help his classmates fix their laptop problems. 33．We attended a dinner party (主办) by the president of the company. 34．The old house, (废弃，抛弃) for years, stood there silently, telling stories of the past. 35．His job is to record how (政客) vote on major issues. 36．Online courses (目标) at working professionals usually offer flexible schedules. 37．The scientist spent 10 years verifying the (理论) he proposed in his early paper, and finally proved it correct through experiments. 38．Look at the title, then predict what you will read in the (以……为特色的) report. 39． (提倡) by many well-known experts, the product was very popular at one time. 40．The company (声称) that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river. 三、完成句子 41．我无法集中注意力做这个实验。 I couldn’t . 42．当他获得比赛一等奖时，他花在独自练习上的额外时间终于得到了回报。 When he won the first prize of the competition, all the extra hours that he spent practicing alone at last. 43．不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。 , she jumps into his grave. 44．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant . 你最好写下餐馆里的电话号码供将来查阅。 45．To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, . 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。 46．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city   for health care reform. 去年进行的一项调查显示，本市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的提议。 47． , which makes his parents very anxious. 这个学生对电脑游戏上瘾，这让他父母很担心。 48．他们发出了出人意料的响亮的声音。 They . 49．我在查看我的文档时，意外地发现了她的信。 I found her letter accident as I was looking through my files. 50．老人安慰那个被他人取笑的孩子。 The old man comforted the child by others. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous 51 (contribution) to the world, the most well-known 52 (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a 53 (courage) and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, 54 obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, 55 (enter) university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, 56 was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he 57 (gradual) became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he 58 (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his 59 (explain) of the photoelectric effect. To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received 60 electric shock. On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Chen-Ning, a world-renowned physicist and Nobel laureate, passed away in Beijing on Saturday at the age of 103. Yang, together with his colleague Tsung-Dao Lee, 61 (award) the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 for their theory of parity non-conservation in weak interaction, which made 62 (he) the first Chinese Nobel winner. Born in Hefei in 1922, Yang moved to Tsinghua with his family in 1929. Growing up on the campus of Tsinghua University, 63 his father taught mathematics, he developed a deep love for science. He later went to the United States for 64 (far) studies in 1945. His work with Robert Mills, known as the“Yang-Mills theory”, is considered one of the foundation of modern physics and is comparable in 65 (significant) to Maxwell’s equations. 66 his outstanding international achievements, Yang always maintained a deep connection with China. His first visit to the People’s Republic of China in 1971 is 67 (wide) believed to have helped initiate a wave of visits by overseas Chinese scholars. He personally raised funds 68 (establish) a committee for educational exchange with China. Upon his return to Tsinghua, he dedicated himself 69 the development of the Institute for Advanced Study and the cultivation of talent. The life of Professor Yang was an immortal legend, 70 (explore) the unknown with a heart devoted to his nation. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $