Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1． qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→ vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格 → n．资格；资历；资格证书 2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→ adv.热情地→ n．热情；热忱 3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→ v．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食 4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→ n．任务；作业；分配 5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→ adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的 6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→ vi.坚持；孜孜以求 7．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→ n．决议；解决；坚定 8．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→ adv.残忍地；残酷地→ n．残忍；残酷 9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→ adv.幸运地→ n．运气；财产 10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→ n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路 11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→ vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→ n．广告；宣传 12．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→ n．(大)公司；法人 13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→ vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 一、单句语法填空 1． (fortune), by the time we arrived at the station, the last train had already left. 2．The (loyal) of the dog to its owner has become a moving story in the neighborhood. 3．The farmers (work) in the field all day because of the coming harvest. 4．His (commit) to nonviolence led to a Nobel Peace Prize in 1989. 5．You didn’t seem to be terribly (enthusiasm) about the performance. 6．The (bark) dog outside the gate made the little girl feel scared. 7．The director, together with his assistants, (work) overtime to finalize the film’s script since last week.   8．That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the (crew) efforts. 9．We found the old house (abandon) for many years. 10．Race walkers are conditioned athletes, because they’re (qualify) for the marathon. 11．She gained her (qualify) for the Olympic gymnastic competition. 12．Soon she was crying (bitter) about the pain and was holding her throat. 13．Only in (adverse) can your perseverance and endurance be tested. 14．If the earth (stop) spinning someday in the future, we would not have the change of day and night. 15．The writer eagerly opened the response from a publisher, his heart (sink) when he reached that final sentence. 16．This explanation, of course, was (thorough) understood by every one present. 17．She has a natural ability to understand the (motive) of others. 18．The children do not know how to behave themselves (decent). 19．Is your business and life often full of challenges and (adversity)? 20．He didn’t (selfish) keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. 二、单词拼写 21．The teacher will (分配) different tasks to each group for the project. 22．The company plans to (做广告) its new smartphone on social media. 23．We need your to solve the problem. (指导) 24．We should never (放弃，抛弃) our dreams, even when we face difficulties. 25．The hotel provides soft white (毯子) for every guest in winter. 26．The king was known for being very (残忍的) to those who disobeyed his orders. 27．It soon dawned on me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know, and they do take a (真正的) interest in their students’ intellectual development. 28．We’ve rearranged the (家具) in the bedroom. 29．It includes marine force, air force, (海军) and army. 30．When the thief heard the sound, he hid himself in a (衣柜；壁橱). 三、完成句子 31．The challenge an opportunity for him to prove his resilience. 挑战最终成为他证明自己韧性的机会。 32．Despite the risks, she the offer to stay safe and chose to go on the adventure. 尽管存在风险，她还是拒绝了留在安全地带的提议，选择了去冒险。 33．They to recruit more volunteers for the cleanup effort. 他们在报纸上登广告招募更多的志愿者参与清理工作。 34．They the foundation financial support to launch a campaign promoting mental health awareness. 他们向基金会申请经济支持，以发起一项促进心理健康意识的运动。 35．We new methods of language teaching for decades. 几十年来我们一直在探索语言教学的新方法。 36．陷入同一种思维模式可能会阻碍人们创新。 Getting stuck in the same thought pattern may people’s innovation. 37．The holiday that we have been     came at last. 我们一直盼望着的假期终于到来了。 38．Can you lend me some money. I can tomorrow.   你能借给我点儿钱吗？我明天就可以还给你。 39． the stress you get from having the boss ride along on a long trip. 没有比和上司坐在一起长途旅行更使人紧张的事了。 40．We show respect to students, but they don’t respect us? 我们尊重学生，万一学生不尊敬我们怎么办？ 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。 Born into a wealthy family, Jack has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young. At18, Jack resolved to join an expedition   41 (advertise) in the newspaper, but the leader turned him down 42 he thought Jack was not qualified. Full of vigour, Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so enthusiastic 43 a great voyage. On a bitter cold day, Jack went aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean. We looked at him with envy. 44 (fortunate), the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg. When the ship sank, his heart also sank. At that time, the calm captain made a   45 (commit) to save them and commanded them to throw away their belongings such as stoves, blankets, bats, cupboards and other pieces of furniture. Finally, they were fortunate enough   46 (escape) the ship. If it   47 (be) not for their endurance, resolution and perseverance, they would not have survived. On the   48 (distance) island, Jack managed to make fire with animal fat, 49 gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals. One month later, they 50 (save) by a passing ship. In summary, it has been a miserable but unforgettable episode in Jack’s life. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Inspired by Marco Polo who traveled to China along the ancient Silk Road over 700 years ago, an Italian traveler Vienna Cammarota set off from Venice on April 26, 2022 51 (trace) the route on foot one more time. 52 only a backpack and two walking poles,74-year-old Cammarota, 53 (cover) over 20,000 kilometers ever since. Throughout her trip, Cammarota saw firsthand the 54 (transform) of the ancient trade route into a corridor of economic and cultural exchange. “I have seen the bridges, highways, and railways 55 (build) under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), 56 represent the spirit of the BRI—bringing hope and development to the communities along its path.” Cammarota hopes that her travels will assist people in Italy and the West to see the true beauty and greatness of China. “People in the West often view China through political lens (镜头), without 57 (true) understanding its cultural richness and modern achievements,” she said. For her, the journey is more than just a 58 (person) challenge. She sees herself as 59 ambassador of cultural exchange and a modern-day Marco Polo. “I want people to know about Marco Polo and the Silk Road, but I also want to send a message to women of my age—it’s never too late to pursue your dreams,” she 60 (add). 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书 2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱 3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食 4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配 5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的 6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 7．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定 8．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷 9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财产 10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路 11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传 12．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→corporation n．(大)公司；法人 13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 一、单句语法填空 1． (fortune), by the time we arrived at the station, the last train had already left. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，当我们到达车站时，最后一班火车已经开走了。此处应为副词作状语修饰整个句子，结合句意可知，此处表示“不幸的是”，fortune的副词为fortunately，其反义词为unfortunately，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Unfortunately。 2．The (loyal) of the dog to its owner has become a moving story in the neighborhood. 【答案】loyalty 【详解】考查名词。句意：狗对主人的忠诚已成为邻里间流传的感人故事。空处应为名词，作主语；loyalty表示“忠诚”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填loyalty。 3．The farmers (work) in the field all day because of the coming harvest. 【答案】have been working 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：由于即将迎来丰收，这些农民一整天都在田里劳作。all day强调动作持续的时长，语境暗示农民因即将到来的丰收一直在田间劳作，动作仍在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语farmers为复数，助动词用have。故填have been working。 4．His (commit) to nonviolence led to a Nobel Peace Prize in 1989. 【答案】commitment 【详解】考查名词。句意：他对非暴力的承诺使他在1989年获得了诺贝尔和平奖。根据句意及空前的His和空后的to nonviolence可知，空处应用名词commitment，作主语，且commitment是不可数名词。故填commitment。 5．You didn’t seem to be terribly (enthusiasm) about the performance. 【答案】enthusiastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你似乎对这场演出并不怎么热心。空格前为副词terribly，后接形容词构成系表结构，enthusiasm的形容词形式为enthusiastic，且be enthusiastic about是固定搭配，意为“对……热心”，符合句子的语义逻辑和语法规则。故填enthusiastic。 6．The (bark) dog outside the gate made the little girl feel scared. 【答案】barking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：门外正在叫的狗让小女孩感到害怕。根据空后名词dog及dog与bark的主谓关系可知，此空应用现在分词barking，作定语。故填barking。 7．The director, together with his assistants, (work) overtime to finalize the film’s script since last week.   【答案】has been working 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自上周以来，导演和他的助手们一直在加班以完成电影剧本的定稿。work(工作)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“since last week”可知，此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续下去，应用现在完成进行时态；当主语后接“together with...”结构时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语“The director”保持一致，The director是单数，助动词用has。故填has been working。 8．That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the (crew) efforts. 【答案】crew’s/crews’ 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：那可能是一项危险的工作，但若有无人机协助工作人员的努力，这种危险本可避免。根据句子结构，空格位于定冠词“the”和名词“efforts”之间，且由括号提示词“crew(一组工作人员，全体人员)”可知，此处需使用名词所有格形式“crew’s”来修饰“efforts”，表示“工作人员的努力”；若要强调是多组工作人员的努力则可以用“crew”的复数形式的所有格“crews’”。故填crew’s/crews’。 9．We found the old house (abandon) for many years. 【答案】abandoned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现那栋老房子已废弃多年。句子谓语为found ，空处为非谓语动词，作the old house的宾语补足语，与逻辑主语the old house之间是被动关系，应用过去分词abandoned。故填abandoned。 10．Race walkers are conditioned athletes, because they’re (qualify) for the marathon. 【答案】qualified 【详解】考查形容词。句意：赛跑运动员属于经过严格训练的运动员，因为他们具备参加马拉松比赛的资格。作表语，用形容词qualified。故填qualified。 11．She gained her (qualify) for the Olympic gymnastic competition. 【答案】qualification 【详解】考查名词。句意：她获得了参加奥运会体操比赛的资格。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作宾语，qualification，表示“获得的资格”，为可数名词，此处特指参加奥运比赛的资格，用单数形式即可，符合语境。故填qualification。 12．Soon she was crying (bitter) about the pain and was holding her throat. 【答案】bitterly 【详解】考查副词。句意：很快，她就因为疼痛痛哭起来，还紧紧抓着自己的喉咙。空格处需修饰动词“crying”，需用副词形式作状语。所给词“bitter”是形容词，意为“痛苦的、剧烈的”，其副词形式为“bitterly”。故填bitterly。 13．Only in (adverse) can your perseverance and endurance be tested. 【答案】adversity 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有在逆境中，你的毅力和耐力才会得到考验。作介词的宾语，用名词adversity，故填adversity。 14．If the earth (stop) spinning someday in the future, we would not have the change of day and night. 【答案】stopped 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果未来某一天地球停止自转，我们就不会有昼夜交替了。分析句子可知，句子描述的是与未来事实相反的假设，属于虚拟语气范畴；此类虚拟语气中，if引导的条件状语从句需用一般过去时表虚拟，stop的过去式为stopped，符合语法规则和语境。故填stopped。 15．The writer eagerly opened the response from a publisher, his heart (sink) when he reached that final sentence. 【答案】sinking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位作家急切地打开出版商的回复，当他读到最后一句话时，他的心沉了下去。句子的主干为“The writer eagerly opened the response from a publisher”，逗号后“his heart ______ (sink) when he reached that final sentence”为独立主格结构，作伴随状语。其中逻辑主语his heart与动词sink（下沉）之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式sinking。故填sinking。 16．This explanation, of course, was (thorough) understood by every one present. 【答案】thoroughly 【详解】考查副词。句意：当然，在场的每个人都完全理解了这个解释。空格修饰动词understood，用副词thoroughly“完全地，彻底地”，作状语。故填thoroughly。 17．She has a natural ability to understand the (motive) of others. 【答案】motives 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：她有一种理解他人动机的天生能力。本空作understand的宾语，用名词motive“动机”，表示多种动机，应用复数形式。故填motives。 18．The children do not know how to behave themselves (decent). 【答案】decently 【详解】考查副词。句意：孩子们不知道如何举止得体。空处修饰动词短语behave themselves，需用副词decently“得体地，合适地”，作状语。故填decently。 19．Is your business and life often full of challenges and (adversity)? 【答案】adversities 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：你的事业和生活是否经常充满挑战与逆境？本空与challenges并列，作full of的宾语，用名词adversity“逆境，不幸”，表泛指“各类逆境”，用复数形式adversities 。故填adversities。 20．He didn’t (selfish) keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. 【答案】selfishly 【详解】考查副词。句意：他没有自私地把从叔叔那里继承来的钱据为己有。形容词selfish意为“自私的”，此处修饰动词“keep”，应用副词形式selfishly，意为“自私地”。故填selfishly。 二、单词拼写 21．The teacher will (分配) different tasks to each group for the project. 【答案】assign 【详解】考查动词。句意：老师将会为这个课题项目，给每个小组分配不同的任务。根据汉语提示“分配”可知，此处为动词assign，位于助动词will后面，使用动词原形。故填assign。 22．The company plans to (做广告) its new smartphone on social media. 【答案】advertise 【详解】考查动词。句意：该公司计划在社交媒体上为其新智能手机做广告。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词advertise，固定搭配plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，to后接动词原形，在句中作宾语。故填advertise。 23．We need your to solve the problem. (指导) 【答案】guidance 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要你的指导来解决这个问题。根据汉语提示“指导”及“need”可知，此空应是名词guidance，作宾语。故填guidance。 24．We should never (放弃，抛弃) our dreams, even when we face difficulties. 【答案】abandon 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们永远都不应放弃自己的梦想，即便在面临困难之时也是如此。根据汉语提示可知用动词abandon，且should后跟动词原形。故填abandon。 25．The hotel provides soft white (毯子) for every guest in winter. 【答案】blankets 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这家酒店在冬天为每位客人提供柔软的白色毯子。根据汉语提示“毯子”可知，此处为名词blanket，句中“every guest”表明毯子是为每位客人准备的，数量不止一条，因此需填其复数形式blankets。故填blankets。 26．The king was known for being very (残忍的) to those who disobeyed his orders. 【答案】cruel 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位国王因对违抗他命令的人非常残忍而闻名。根据汉语提示“残忍的”可知，此处为形容词cruel作表语，且“be cruel to sb.”为固定搭配，意为“对某人残忍”。故填cruel。 27．It soon dawned on me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know, and they do take a (真正的) interest in their students’ intellectual development. 【答案】genuine 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我很快意识到，许多大学教授非常乐意分享自己的知识，而且他们确实对学生的智力发展怀有真切的关注。根据汉语提示“真正的”可知，此处为形容词genuine，作定语，修饰名词interest。故填genuine。 28．We’ve rearranged the (家具) in the bedroom. 【答案】furniture 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们已经重新摆放了卧室里的家具。空白处在句子中作宾语，根据汉语提示“家具”，可知应填名词 furniture，且furniture不可数。故填furniture。 29．It includes marine force, air force, (海军) and army. 【答案】navy 【详解】考查名词。句意：它包含海军陆战队、空军、海军和陆军。“海军”应用名词navy，和marine force、air force及army并列，作includes的宾语。故填navy。 30．When the thief heard the sound, he hid himself in a (衣柜；壁橱). 【答案】cupboard 【详解】考查名词。句意：当小偷听到声音时，他把自己藏在了一个衣柜里。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“衣柜；壁橱”可知，此处应填名词cupboard，空前有不定冠词a，后接可数名词单数。故填cupboard。 三、完成句子 31．The challenge an opportunity for him to prove his resilience. 挑战最终成为他证明自己韧性的机会。 【答案】turned out to be 【详解】考查时态和短语。turn out to be“结果是,证明是”，陈述过去的事实，为一般过去时。故填turned out to be。 32．Despite the risks, she the offer to stay safe and chose to go on the adventure. 尽管存在风险，她还是拒绝了留在安全地带的提议，选择了去冒险。 【答案】turned down 【详解】考查动词短语。结合句意“拒绝”可知短语为turn down，根据后文chose可知为一般过去时。故填turned down。 33．They to recruit more volunteers for the cleanup effort. 他们在报纸上登广告招募更多的志愿者参与清理工作。 【答案】put an advertisement in a newspaper 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“登广告”短语为put an advertisement，发生在过去用一般过去时；表示“在报纸上”短语为in a newspaper。故填put an advertisement in a newspaper。 34．They the foundation financial support to launch a campaign promoting mental health awareness. 他们向基金会申请经济支持，以发起一项促进心理健康意识的运动。 【答案】 applied to for 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“向……申请某物”用动词短语apply to ... for sth.，句子描述过去的一般情况，使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填①applied to，②for。 35．We new methods of language teaching for decades. 几十年来我们一直在探索语言教学的新方法。 【答案】have been seeking for 【详解】考查时态。根据句意，表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去，用现在完成进行时，表示“寻找”应为seek for，是固定短语，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been seeking for。 36．陷入同一种思维模式可能会阻碍人们创新。 Getting stuck in the same thought pattern may people’s innovation. 【答案】hold back 【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语hold back“阻止，阻挡”。空前为情态动词may，空处需要动词原形。故填hold back。 37．The holiday that we have been     came at last. 我们一直盼望着的假期终于到来了。 【答案】looking forward to 【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示，“盼望”对应的英文是look forward to，此处使用现在完成进行时态“have been doing”结构，所以填入“looking forward to”，故填 looking forward to。 38．Can you lend me some money. I can tomorrow.   你能借给我点儿钱吗？我明天就可以还给你。 【答案】pay you back 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意可知，表示“还给某人”应为pay sb. back，所以表示“还给你”应为pay you back，且位于情态动词之后，所以应使用动词原形。故填pay you back。 39． the stress you get from having the boss ride along on a long trip. 没有比和上司坐在一起长途旅行更使人紧张的事了。 【答案】There is nothing like 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意可知，此处为there be句型，表示“没有比……”可转述为“没有什么能比得上……”应为there be nothing like，结合从句中的谓语动词get可知，此处应为一般现在时态，主语为nothing，所以be动词为is，且位于句首，there的首字母需大写。故填There is nothing like。 40．We show respect to students, but they don’t respect us? 我们尊重学生，万一学生不尊敬我们怎么办？ 【答案】what if 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为固定句型what if…“如果，万一……将会怎么样”，满足句意要求。故填what if。 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。 Born into a wealthy family, Jack has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young. At18, Jack resolved to join an expedition   41 (advertise) in the newspaper, but the leader turned him down 42 he thought Jack was not qualified. Full of vigour, Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so enthusiastic 43 a great voyage. On a bitter cold day, Jack went aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean. We looked at him with envy. 44 (fortunate), the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg. When the ship sank, his heart also sank. At that time, the calm captain made a   45 (commit) to save them and commanded them to throw away their belongings such as stoves, blankets, bats, cupboards and other pieces of furniture. Finally, they were fortunate enough   46 (escape) the ship. If it   47 (be) not for their endurance, resolution and perseverance, they would not have survived. On the   48 (distance) island, Jack managed to make fire with animal fat, 49 gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals. One month later, they 50 (save) by a passing ship. In summary, it has been a miserable but unforgettable episode in Jack’s life. 【答案】 41．advertised 42．because 43．about 44．Unfortunately 45．commitment 46．to escape 47．had been 48．distant 49．which 50．were saved 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述喜欢冒险的Jack在冒险过程中发生沉船并最终被救的故事。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：杰克决定参加报纸上登广告的探险队，但领队拒绝了他，因为他认为杰克不够格。此处需要使用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词expedition，expedition与advertise是被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词形式。故填advertised。 42．考查原因状语从句。句意：杰克决定参加报纸上登广告的探险队，但领队拒绝了他，因为他认为杰克不够格。此处需要使用连接词引导状语从句，句中“he thought Jack was not qualified (他认为杰克不够格)”为原因，因此需要使用连接词because。故填because。 43．考查介词。句意：精力充沛的杰克从未放弃他的梦想，因为他对一次伟大的航行充满了热情。此处需要使用介词about，构成短语“be enthusiastic about”意为“对……充满热情”。故填about。 44．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，发动机坏了，船撞上了一座巨大的冰山。此处需要使用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，且表示“不幸的是”，应用副词“unfortunately”。故填Unfortunately。 45．考查名词。句意：当时，冷静的船长承诺要拯救他们，并命令他们扔掉炉子、毯子、蝙蝠、橱柜和其他家具等随身物品。此处需要使用名词作made的宾语，commit名词形式为“commitment”。故填commitment。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，他们很幸运地逃离了那艘船。此处需要使用非谓语动词的不定式做结果状语，即enough构成短语“形容词/副词 +enough to do”意为“足够可以做……”，主语they与escape是主动关系，因此需要使用不定式的主动形式。故填to escape。 47．考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有他们的耐力、决心和毅力，他们就不会活下来。此处需要动词作谓语，且表示与过去事实相反的动作，因此需要过去完成时表示虚拟含义。故填had been。 48．考查形容词。句意：在遥远的岛上，杰克设法用动物的脂肪生火，这种脂肪散发出一股臭味，然后他煮了海洋动物。此处需要使用形容词作定语，修饰名词island，distance形容词形式为“distant”。故填distant。 49．考查定语从句。句意：在遥远的岛上，杰克设法用动物的脂肪生火，这种脂肪散发出一股臭味，然后他煮了海洋动物。此处需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Jack managed to make fire with animal fat”整个句子，先行词在从句中作主语，指这件事，因此需要使用关系代词which。故填which。 50．考查动词语态。句意：一个月后，他们被一艘路过的船救了。总之，这是杰克一生中悲惨而难忘的一段插曲。此处需要使用动词作谓语，本句描述过去的事实，因此为一般过去时，主语they与save是被动关系，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were saved。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Inspired by Marco Polo who traveled to China along the ancient Silk Road over 700 years ago, an Italian traveler Vienna Cammarota set off from Venice on April 26, 2022 51 (trace) the route on foot one more time. 52 only a backpack and two walking poles,74-year-old Cammarota, 53 (cover) over 20,000 kilometers ever since. Throughout her trip, Cammarota saw firsthand the 54 (transform) of the ancient trade route into a corridor of economic and cultural exchange. “I have seen the bridges, highways, and railways 55 (build) under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), 56 represent the spirit of the BRI—bringing hope and development to the communities along its path.” Cammarota hopes that her travels will assist people in Italy and the West to see the true beauty and greatness of China. “People in the West often view China through political lens (镜头), without 57 (true) understanding its cultural richness and modern achievements,” she said. For her, the journey is more than just a 58 (person) challenge. She sees herself as 59 ambassador of cultural exchange and a modern-day Marco Polo. “I want people to know about Marco Polo and the Silk Road, but I also want to send a message to women of my age—it’s never too late to pursue your dreams,” she 60 (add). 【答案】 51．to trace 52．With 53．has covered 54．transformation 55．built 56．which 57．truly 58．personal 59．an 60．added 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了受700多年前沿古代丝绸之路来到中国的马可·波罗启发，意大利旅行者维耶娜·卡马罗塔于2022年4月26日从威尼斯出发，徒步重走丝绸之路的故事。 51．考查非谓语动词。句意：受700多年前沿古代丝绸之路来到中国的马可·波罗启发，意大利旅行者维耶娜·卡马罗塔于2022年4月26日从威尼斯出发，再次徒步追寻这条路线。句中已有谓语动词set off，此处需用非谓语动词，表目的，所以用动词不定式to trace，意为“为了追寻”。故填to trace。 52．考查介词。句意：74岁的卡马罗塔仅背着一个背包，拿着两根徒步杖，从那以后已经行走了2万多公里。此处表示伴随状态，“with +名词”结构在句中作状语，意为“带着……”，句首单词首字母大写，故填With。 53．考查动词时态。句意：74岁的卡马罗塔仅背着一个背包，拿着两根徒步杖，从那以后已经行走了2万多公里。根据时间状语“ever since”可知，此处强调从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语Cammarota是第三人称单数，所以用has covered。故填has covered。 54．考查名词。句意：在整个旅途中，卡马罗塔亲眼目睹了这条古老贸易路线转变为经济文化交流走廊的过程。此处应用名词形式transformation，意为“转变，变化”，不可数，作宾语。故填transformation。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我看到了在一带一路倡议下修建的桥梁、公路和铁路，它们代表了一带一路的精神——为沿途社区带来希望和发展。”句中已有谓语动词have seen，build需用非谓语形式。build与bridges, highways, and railways之间是被动关系，即“桥梁、公路和铁路被修建”，所以用过去分词built作后置定语。故填built。 56．考查定语从句。句意：“我看到了在一带一路倡议下修建的桥梁、公路和铁路，它们代表了一带一路的精神——为沿途社区带来希望和发展。”此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为bridges, highways, and railways，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 57．考查副词。句意：她说：“西方的人们常常通过政治的视角来看待中国，而没有真正了解中国丰富的文化和现代成就。”此处修饰动词understanding，应用副词truly，意为“真正地”。故填truly。 58．考查形容词。句意：对她来说，这次旅程不仅仅是一次个人挑战。此处修饰名词challenge，应用形容词personal，意为“个人的”。故填personal。 59．考查冠词。句意：她将自己视为一名文化交流大使，一位现代的马可·波罗。ambassador意为“大使”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一名文化交流大使”，且ambassador是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 60．考查动词时态。句意：她补充道：“我想让人们了解马可·波罗和丝绸之路，但我也想向我这个年纪的女性传递一个信息——追求梦想永远都不晚。”根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，add的过去式为added。故填added。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $