专题07 阅读理解（议论文）（天津专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题07 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 （2026·天津南开·一模）Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them. Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good. One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible. Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from. It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience. Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter? Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life. 1．What does the author think of most entrepreneurs? A．They are more willing to risk their own lives. B．They are more ambitious than ordinary people. C．They achieve greater nonconventional success. D．They have more positive qualities than most of us. 2．What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case”? A．Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success. B．Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities. C．Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm. D．Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success. 3．If one wants to become a successful entrepreneur, he must _________. A．hold on to his original vision B．be able to adapt to new situations C．focus determinedly on one particular goal D．avoid radical change in one’s career direction 4．How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor? A．It will awaken them to reality. B．It is a lesson they have to learn. C．It means the end of their career. D．It will result in a slow recovery. 5．What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition? A．Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal. B．Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs. C．Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business. D．Prioritize health and happiness over material success. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讲的是作者认为大多数企业家比普通人更有野心，然而事实上，在某些情况下，极端的野心最终可能弊大于利。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition.(我们创业圈中的大多数人都是幸运的——或者说不幸的是——他们有着高于平均水平的雄心壮志。)”可知，作者认为大多数企业家比普通人更有雄心壮志。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.(显然，如果你天生更倾向于设定目标，你就更有可能成功。但事实并非总是如此。事实上，在某些情况下，过度的野心最终可能弊大于利。)”可知，作者说“事实并非总是如此”这句话暗示了有野心的人不一定更有可能成功。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段的“One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur.(过度的雄心所带来的一个主要副作用是，人们往往会过于坚定地专注于某个特定的愿景或最终目标。这确实是个问题，因为它会妨碍你适应新情况的能力，而如果你想要成为一名成功的企业家，适应新情况的能力是至关重要的。)”可知，极端的野心会阻碍成功，因为它可能会阻止企业家适应新环境，因此能够适应新的环境对成为一个成功的企业家至关重要。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from.(不幸的是，对于那些雄心勃勃的创业者来说，失败被视为灾难性的，而且是无法挽回的。)”可知，那些最具雄心壮志的创业者对于自己事业中的失败意味着他们职业生涯的终结。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter?(这表明，尽管有雄心的人更有可能获得传统意义上的“成功”，但这种成功对于他们的健康和幸福毫无意义——而如果没有健康和幸福，还有什么能真正重要呢？)”可知，作者建议我们把健康和快乐放在物质成功之前。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026·天津南开·一模）“I write to find out what I’m thinking,” wrote the great American journalist John Dos Passos. Anyone engaged in writing understands this truth: the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought. What sounds coherent when spoken often appears weak and illogical when committed to paper. A recent MIT study provides convincing scientific evidence for this claim. Researchers used wearable brain scanners to compare students who wrote essays independently with those using AI assistance. The findings were clear: AI-assisted writers “consistently underperformed at brain, verbal, and behavioral levels.” They demonstrated that we need to write in order to think deeply. This research emerges at a critical historical moment for literacy. Childhood reading has reached record lows, with nearly half of British adults not reading a single book last year. Adult literacy is declining or making no progress across most OECD countries. Notably, average IQs have begun to decline since the 1980s, along with reasoning and problem-solving abilities — a trend that is unlikely to be random. Walter Ong’s influential work “Orality and Literacy” illuminates why writing is essential. He argued that literacy enabled Ancient Greece’s intellectual revolution. Oral cultures must “think memorable thoughts”, relying on rhyme, emotion, and cliché (陈词滥调) to preserve knowledge. Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments. In our digital age, no technology has surpassed the complicated architecture of the book. While the internet offers fragmented information, books provide rich context and sustained logical connections. Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text. As our culture becomes increasingly dominated by short-form videos and attention-fragmenting content, we risk losing the capacity for complex reasoning. Reading and writing form the foundation of serious thought — a habit that unites history’s greatest minds. Before we yield our cognitive development to screens and algorithms, we must carefully consider what we might be sacrificing. 6．What is the function of writing according to John Dos Passos? A．Revealing flaws in speech. B．Organizing thoughts. C．Recording spoken words. D．Ensuring fluency. 7．What is the key advantage of writing over oral cultures? A．It makes for logical statements. B．It ensures greater objectivity. C．It preserves knowledge longer. D．It requires “memorable thoughts”. 8．Why does the author describe reading as “thinking in dialogue with the text”? A．To underline its logical structure. B．To contrast with online reading. C．To show its interactive feature. D．To highlight its cultural relevance. 9．What is the author’s attitude towards people’s reasoning capacity? A．Dismissive. B．Skeptical. C．Critical. D．Concerned. 10．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Writing, Reading, and Thinking: Why Literacy Matters More Than Ever. B．The Digital Age: How Technology Is Reshaping Our Minds. C．The Power of Writing: How Putting Pen to Paper Shapes Thought. D．The Decline of Reading: A Warning Against Digital Distraction. 【答案】6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了写作、阅读与思考的紧密关系，强调读写能力对深度思考不可或缺，并对当代读写下滑、思维碎片化表示担忧。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“‘I write to find out what I’m thinking’(我写作是为了弄清楚自己在想什么)”，同时结合其后内容“Anyone engaged in writing understands this truth: the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought.(任何从事写作的人都明白这个道理：写作这一行为能够将不完整的想法转化为清晰、有条理的思维。)”可知，在他看来，写作让自己弄清楚自己在想什么，能把模糊想法变成清晰、有逻辑的思想，即，写作的功能是整理思路。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Oral cultures must ‘think memorable thoughts’, relying on rhyme, emotion, and cliché to preserve knowledge. Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments.(口头文化必须“思考那些易于记忆的想法”，依靠韵律、情感和陈词滥调来保存知识。相比之下，书写则能够实现精确、复杂的表述，这些表述可以被审视、回顾，并进而发展成为逻辑严密的论证。)”可知，与口头文化相比，书写的表述精确，复杂，可以被审视和回顾，具有严密的逻辑论证，即，写作能形成精准、复杂、有逻辑的表达。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text.(阅读是一个主动的过程，需要投入精力和集中注意力 —— 本质上，它是与文本进行对话式的思考。)”可知，作者指出阅读是需要读者投入专注的主动过程，由此推知，“与文本对话”是形象的说法，意在说明阅读不是被动接收信息，而是读者主动和文本互动、开展思考的过程。故选C项。 9．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段“As our culture becomes increasingly dominated by short-form videos and attention-fragmenting content, we risk losing the capacity for complex reasoning.(随着我们的文化日益被短视频和分散注意力的内容所主导，我们有可能丧失复杂推理的能力。)”可知，作者提出在短视频碎片化的背景下，人们有可能丧失复杂推理的能力。由此推知，作者对人们的推理能力表示担忧。故选D项。 10．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章末尾段内容“Reading and writing form the foundation of serious thought — a habit that unites history’s greatest minds.(阅读和写作构成了严肃思考的基础——这一习惯将历史上最伟大的思想家们联系在一起。)”点明了文章的主旨核心，即，全文既论述了写作对深度思考的作用，也论述了阅读的价值，指出当前读写素养下降的现状，强调读写是严肃思考的基础，在数字时代愈发重要。选项A“Writing, Reading, and Thinking: Why Literacy Matters More Than Ever(写作、阅读与思考：为何识字能力比以往任何时候都更为重要)”覆盖全文三大核心内容，匹配主旨。故选A项。 Passage 3 （2026·天津南开·一模）In an era dominated by digital streams, my appreciation deepens for physical diaries — handwritten on paper — as a vital guard against the widespread influence of AI. Human thoughts and expressions risk being abused, processed by algorithms (算法) that lack insights. AI models often greedily swallow artists’ and writers’ works to fuel their systems, putting almost all online content under threat. The physical nature of diaries forms a crucial defense. If we hope to preserve the real human voice from chatbots and refuse to let our writing train AI, a pen and a simple notebook may be our strongest tools. Diaries are uniquely suited to capturing individual lives and imaginations. The very essence of a diary is temporary, meant to catch life’s short-lived moments. This is a task chatbots cannot perform, because they lack genuine perception, thought, or tender human senses. A diary serves as a secure space for one’s deepest feelings and reflections on the world, a form of thinking irreplaceable by AI. Its physical form offers a screen-free shelter for mindfulness, fostering a deeper connection with one’s thoughts. The power of handwritten diaries also lies in their resistance to digital erosion. Unlike mobile phones that limit prospects and lock users out of their own minds, a physical diary does not fog brains, numb fingers, or profit from personal data. It remains a personal possession, beyond the reach of AI companies seeking training data. The act of writing by hand enhances memory and emotional expression, creating a physical record of one’s life journey. This non-digital activity offers a deliberate break from the restless digital pace, offering a routine of self-care and a bridge between the past, present and future. Throughout history, diaries have served as lasting records against powerful structures. Our collective memory would be poorer without Anne Frank’s messages or the diary that begins George Orwell’s “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. Diarists form a universal underground, using pen and paper to resist the threats of the digital world. They protect not just privacy but the very integrity of personal stories from algorithm-based control of information and data mining. Ultimately, the humble diary is more than a record; it is an act of protection. In the quiet conversation between pen and paper, we safeguard the human voice— imperfect, personal, and free from the tide of artificial intelligence. What role does the physical diary play in the digital world? 11．What role does the physical diary play in the digital world? A．A tech-free space for deeper self-reflection. B．A tool to quickly generate more information. C．An opportunity to defend passed-down heritage. D．An instruction on how to embrace new technology. 12．What advantage does handwriting have over mobile phones to keep diaries? A．It bears significant health and social benefits. B．It allows for much faster data input and output. C．It raises much awareness of self, time and space. D．It involves both mental and emotional responses. 13．How does the fourth paragraph contribute to the passage’s argument? A．By suggesting potentials in economy and reputation. B．By listing supporting and typical examples in history. C．By summarizing previously discussed perspectives. D．By analyzing from the view of diary enthusiasts. 14．What can be inferred about those who keep diaries? A．They are strongly opposed to technological progress. B．They believe AI will wipe out diaries sooner or later. C．They value privacy and sincerity over convenience. D．They write mainly for public recognition and fame. 15．What is the author’s attitude towards physical diaries? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在数字时代，纸质日记作为抵御人工智能影响、保护人类真实声音和思想的重要作用。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A diary serves as a secure space for one’s deepest feelings and reflections on the world, a form of thinking irreplaceable by AI. Its physical form offers a screen-free shelter for mindfulness, fostering a deeper connection with one’s thoughts. (日记是一个安全的空间，容纳一个人最深层的情感和对世界的反思，这是一种AI无法替代的思维形式。它的实体形式提供了一个无屏幕的正念庇护所，培养与自身思想的更深层次联系)”可知，纸质日记在数字世界中扮演着无技术空间以供深度自省的角色。故选A项。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The act of writing by hand enhances memory and emotional expression, creating a physical record of one’s life journey. (手写的行为能增强记忆和情感表达，创造一个人生旅程的实体记录)”可知，手写日记相对于手机的优势在于它涉及了记忆和情感表达，即心智和情感反应。故选D项。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Our collective memory would be poorer without Anne Frank’s messages or the diary that begins George Orwell’s “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. (如果没有安妮·弗兰克的信息，或者没有开启乔治·奥威尔《一九八四》的那本日记，我们的集体记忆将会更加贫乏)”可知，第四段通过列举历史上具有代表性的日记例子来支持文章关于日记是抵御强大力量、保护个人故事的论据。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It remains a personal possession, beyond the reach of AI companies seeking training data. (它仍然是个人财产，不受寻求训练数据的人工智能公司的触及)”以及第四段中“They protect not just privacy but the very integrity of personal stories from algorithm-based control of information and data mining. (他们不仅保护隐私，还保护个人故事的真实完整性，使其免受基于算法的信息控制和数据挖掘)”可推知，写日记的人重视隐私和真诚胜过便利。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“my appreciation deepens for physical diaries — handwritten on paper — as a vital guard against the widespread influence of AI. (我对纸质日记——手写在纸上的日记——的欣赏加深了，它是抵御人工智能广泛影响的重要卫士)”以及最后一段中“Ultimately, the humble diary is more than a record; it is an act of protection. (最终，这本不起眼的日记不仅仅是一份记录；它是一种保护行为)”可知，作者对纸质日记持积极、肯定的态度。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2026·天津河北·一模）In 1995, a biologist had an unconventional idea. He studied brainless slime moulds (无脑黏菌) and became convinced it was intelligent. It solved problems and made decisions as if it had a mind. To test this, he reproduced a rail network on an agar (琼脂) plate, using oat flakes for cities. He placed the slime moulds at the “central station”. Within a day, the organism rebuilt an efficient network matching the human-designed system — without a brain. This experiment challenges a cherished assumption: that intelligence requires neurons, a skull, or something behind our eyes. Today, “intelligence” is being reduced to something that looks just like human cognition. AI has become our cultural wallpaper. We debate AI’s impacts but rarely the fundamental question: What is intelligence? The danger isn’t that machines are becoming too smart, but that our understanding of “smart” has collapsed into something narrow and focused only on humans. In our rush to create artificial minds, we’ve forgotten to study the real ones. The planet is already filled with superintelligent systems. Water is intelligent in how it adapts and carves canyons. Trees are intelligent in how they share nutrients and warn neighbours. Whole forests operate like connected networks. Even rocks possess a form of wisdom. We use “dumb as rocks” as an insult, but rocks endure. They are stable; they do not self-destruct. “Rock bottom” is not a collapse but the foundation you build upon. We miss these insights because we’ve narrowed intelligence to human-like traits (特征): problem-solving, language, planning. The longest-lived systems — forests, reefs — behave like slime moulds and gardens. They are slow, steady, adaptive, indifferent to public noise. Their ambition is simply to keep living without causing unnecessary harm — a useful metaphor for us now. This leads to a pressing need: to reimagine intelligence itself. Perhaps intelligence isn’t defined by computational speed, but by depth of connection. This brings me to my daughter, fifteen months old, pre-verbal. She experiences the world as sensation and connection. She doesn’t think or judge; she is simply present. There’s a brilliance in that state we dismiss because it doesn’t look like analysis or output. Maybe the highest form of intelligence is simply presence: perception without preconception. She understands how to inhabit the moment fully. What does that suggest about where wisdom truly exists? 16．Why does the author begin with the slime mold experiment? A．To introduce a new AI technology. B．To praise human engineering skills. C．To challenge a common assumption. D．To highlight a biological breakthrough. 17．What does the author imply about current AI discussions? A．They underestimate human thinking. B．They are too focused on cultural values. C．They are obsessed with processing speed. D．They oversimplify the nature of intelligence. 18．What can be learned about the natural systems mentioned in the passage? A．They actively compete for limited resources. B．They possess wisdom ignored by human standards. C．They depend on fast computation to solve problems. D．They function efficiently by mimicking human brains. 19．The author uses the example of his daughter to ______. A．illustrate pre-linguistic learning B．stress parental observation skills C．highlight the value of pure presence D．present humans as uniquely intelligent beings 20．What is the central argument of the passage? A．Scientific experiments reveal hidden natural laws. B．Childhood experiences shape philosophical views. C．Biological organisms outperform artificial systems. D．True intelligence should be redefined beyond human traits. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者以黏菌实验质疑智慧需大脑的传统观点，指出人类对智慧的理解过于狭隘，只关注人类特征。自然界各类系统皆有智慧，呼吁重新定义智慧，认为全然活在当下才是最高智慧。 16．细节理解题。根据第二段“This experiment challenges a cherished assumption: that intelligence requires neurons, a skull, or something behind our eyes. (这项实验挑战了一个长期以来被人们深信不疑的假设：即智力的形成需要神经元、头骨，或者某种存在于我们眼后的东西。)”可知，作者以黏菌实验作为开篇是为了挑战一个常见的假设。故选C。 17．推理判断题。根据第二段“The danger isn’t that machines are becoming too smart, but that our understanding of “smart” has collapsed into something narrow and focused only on humans. In our rush to create artificial minds, we’ve forgotten to study the real ones. (危险并不在于机器变得过于智能，而在于我们对“智能”的定义已经变得狭隘，只关注于人类自身。在急于创造人造智能的过程中，我们却忽略了对真实人类的研究。)”可知，作者认为当前有关人工智能的讨论过于简化了智能的本质。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段“Even rocks possess a form of wisdom. (就连石头也拥有某种形式的智慧。)”以及第四段“We miss these insights because we’ve narrowed intelligence to human-like traits (特征): problem-solving, language, planning. (我们之所以会忽略这些见解，是因为我们把智能局限于人类所具有的那些特征上，比如：解决问题的能力、语言能力、规划能力。)”可知，自然系统拥有超出人类认知范畴的智慧。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Maybe the highest form of intelligence is simply presence: perception without preconception. She understands how to inhabit the moment fully. (或许最卓越的智慧形式就是“当下意识”：即无需先入为主的观念而进行的感知。她懂得如何全身心地沉浸于当下。)”可知，作者以自己的女儿为例，旨在强调纯粹投入的重要性。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This leads to a pressing need: to reimagine intelligence itself. (这就产生了一个紧迫的需求：重新定义“智能”这一概念。)”结合作者以黏菌实验质疑智慧需大脑的传统观点，指出人类对智慧的理解过于狭隘，只关注人类特征。自然界各类系统皆有智慧，呼吁重新定义智慧，认为全然活在当下才是最高智慧。可知，文章的核心观点真正的智慧应当超越人类特质而被重新定义。故选D。 Passage 5 （2026·天津·一模）In a recent article, Markham Heid shares with us an unusual life crisis. At 41, he has built what many would regard as the good life: he has a family; he is healthy, productive, and creative; he has time to travel, read, exercise, and see friends. Yet, he feels that “something is off.” To fight against this feeling, some of his friends have turned to special retreats, while others try to solve it through fitness. What makes Heid’s problem somewhat odd is that it does not seem to arise from anything specific. If he had lost his job, had no time for himself, or was struggling in his marriage, the feeling would be understandable. In the history of philosophy, there have been many attempts to understand such a powerful but objectless feeling. Boredom, anxiety, depression and despair are some of the descriptions this mood has received. Heid ends up attributing his crisis to the lack of new experiences. The Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard calls this the “illusion of crop rotation”, the idea that changing the environment frequently can save us from this mood. The German philosopher Martin Heidegger also describes a similar state: one may still be surrounded by the same people and activities, but these no longer engage us as they used to. He calls it a kind of “anxiety” created by nothing in particular. No wonder the psychologist Sigmund Freud once described anxiety as a “riddle.” But what really drives this mood is not the need for new experiences. It is not even the particulars of our individual lives or the cultures we belong to, but that we have been given a life to live in the first place, the taste of possibility that comes with being alive. This mood is not due to doubts like “Do I have enough hobbies?” or “Have I achieved my goal?” It is related to the more fundamental questions like “What does it mean to be human?” “What am I supposed to do with the fact that I was given a life?” and “What kind of life is possible for me?” This is why this mood is likely to appear frequently in our life. This is why once many of our life goals are fulfilled, we begin to wonder what life itself is for. These questions never have a final answer and they can always leave us with a great sense of anguish about who we are and how we should go on. Nevertheless, recognizing that these doubts are there, and that they matter, can at least allow us to know what may be missing, even when everything is good. 21．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show Markham Heid’s perfect life is envied by many people B．To introduce a confusing life crisis that lacks a specific cause C．To suggest special retreats and fitness are the best ways to solve the crisis D．To prove that a family and some leisure activities can never bring happiness 22．The author shares Markham Heid’s crisis mainly to________. A．present an argument B．introduce a topic C．make an assumption D．evaluate an event 23．According to the author, how can the crisis in the passage be dealt with? A．By studying philosophy. B．By developing new hobbies. C．By going travelling frequently. D．By embracing the objectless feeling. 24．What does the word “anguish” underlined in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Pain. B．Wonder. C．Direction. D．Achievement. 25．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．What leads to a Life Crisis B．Letting Go of Dark Moods C．Boredom Makes Us Human D．Anxiety Gives Us Life Goals 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了无明确诱因的生活危机及其本质与应对。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a recent article, Markham Heid shares with us an unusual life crisis. At 41, he has built what many would regard as the good life: he has a family; he is healthy, productive, and creative; he has time to travel, read, exercise, and see friends. Yet, he feels that “something is off.” To fight against this feeling, some of his friends have turned to special retreats, while others try to solve it through fitness. What makes Heid’s problem somewhat odd is that it does not seem to arise from anything specific. If he had lost his job, had no time for himself, or was struggling in his marriage, the feeling would be understandable.(在最近发表的一篇文章中，马克姆·海德向我们讲述了一种不同寻常的人生困境。41 岁的他，已然过上了许多人眼中的理想生活：拥有美满的家庭，身体健康，工作高效且富有创造力，还有时间旅行、阅读、健身以及和朋友相聚。然而，他却总觉得 “哪里不对劲”。为了摆脱这种心绪，他的一些朋友选择参加特色静修营，另一些人则试图通过健身来消解。海德的困扰有些特别之处——这种感觉并非源于任何具体的人和事。若是他失业在家、无暇自顾，或是婚姻陷入危机，那么产生这种情绪倒也情有可原。)”可知，第一段的主要目的是介绍一种缺乏特定原因的令人困惑的生活危机。故选B。 22．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“In a recent article, Markham Heid shares with us an unusual life crisis. At 41, he has built what many would regard as the good life: he has a family; he is healthy, productive, and creative; he has time to travel, read, exercise, and see friends. Yet, he feels that “something is off.” To fight against this feeling, some of his friends have turned to special retreats, while others try to solve it through fitness. What makes Heid’s problem somewhat odd is that it does not seem to arise from anything specific. If he had lost his job, had no time for himself, or was struggling in his marriage, the feeling would be understandable.(在最近发表的一篇文章中，马克姆・海德向我们讲述了一种不同寻常的人生困境。41岁的他，已然过上了许多人眼中的理想生活：拥有美满的家庭，身体健康，工作高效且富有创造力，还有时间旅行、阅读、健身以及和朋友相聚。然而，他却总觉得 “哪里不对劲”。为了摆脱这种心绪，他的一些朋友选择参加特色静修营，另一些人则试图通过健身来消解。海德的困扰有些特别之处 —— 这种感觉并非源于任何具体的人和事。若是他失业在家、无暇自顾，或是婚姻陷入危机，那么产生这种情绪倒也情有可原。)”、第二段中“In the history of philosophy, there have been many attempts to understand such a powerful but objectless feeling. Boredom, anxiety, depression and despair are some of the descriptions this mood has received. Heid ends up attributing his crisis to the lack of new experiences. The Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard calls this the “illusion of crop rotation”, the idea that changing the environment frequently can save us from this mood.(在哲学史上，学者们曾多次尝试剖析这种强烈却又无具体缘由的心境。人们将其描述为无聊、焦虑、消沉与绝望等种种状态。海德最终将自己的人生困境归咎于缺乏新鲜体验。丹麦哲学家索伦·克尔凯郭尔将这种现象称为“轮作的错觉”，其核心观点是：频繁更换生活环境，就能让我们摆脱这种心绪的困扰。)”可知，作者以马克姆·海德的经历开篇，进而展开哲学与心理学层面的分析，并探讨其深层根源与应对态度，显然是为了引出本文的主题。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Nevertheless, recognizing that these doubts are there, and that they matter, can at least allow us to know what may be missing, even when everything is good.(尽管如此，认识到这些怀疑的存在，并且它们很重要，至少可以让我们知道即使一切都好，也可能缺少什么。)”可知，作者认为，可以通过接受这种无客体的感觉来处理文章中的危机。故选D。 24．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“These questions never have a final answer and they can always leave us with a great sense of anguish about who we are and how we should go on.(这些问题永远没有最终的答案，它们总是会让我们对自己是谁以及应该如何继续下去感到极大的anguish。)”可知，这些关于人生的问题没有最终答案，会让人感到痛苦，所以anguish意为“痛苦”。故选A。 25．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“In the history of philosophy, there have been many attempts to understand such a powerful but objectless feeling. Boredom, anxiety, depression and despair are some of the descriptions this mood has received. Heid ends up attributing his crisis to the lack of new experiences. The Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard calls this the “illusion of crop rotation”, the idea that changing the environment frequently can save us from this mood.(在哲学史上，学者们曾多次尝试剖析这种强烈却又无具体缘由的心境。人们将其描述为无聊、焦虑、消沉与绝望等种种状态。海德最终将自己的人生困境归咎于缺乏新鲜体验。丹麦哲学家索伦·克尔凯郭尔将这种现象称为“轮作的错觉”，其核心观点是：频繁更换生活环境，就能让我们摆脱这种心绪的困扰。)”、最后一段中“Nevertheless, recognizing that these doubts are there, and that they matter, can at least allow us to know what may be missing, even when everything is good.(尽管如此，认识到这些怀疑的存在，并且它们很重要，至少可以让我们知道即使一切都好，也可能缺少什么。)”可知，通过哲学与心理学视角，作者指出这种“无对象的焦虑”源于对生命意义的追问，而非外部环境。认识这种情绪本身，有助于理解生活的缺失与价值。所以，C选项“Boredom Makes Us Human(无聊使我们成为人类)”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 6 （2026·天津河西·一模）They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group apart, even from their tech-skilled Millennial (千禧年的) elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing (包罗万象的) sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation. The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has declared the birth of a new generation in his new book, Rewired. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials that they deserve the distinction of a new generation, which he has called the “iGeneration”. “The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘i’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-schoolers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger. Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.” Portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly. “The growth curve on the use of technology with children is increasing very rapidly, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. “We have to give them opportunities to learn in a way that matches their expectations and their digital experiences.” 26．What is the main factor that distinguishes the iGeneration from previous generations, according to the passage? A．Their deeply integrated use of technology. B．Their higher intelligence quotients (IQs). C．Their improved social skills. D．Their greater interest in traditional media. 27．We can infer from the passage that Millennials ________. A．deserve the distinction of a new generation B．have an individualized mindset C．are less reliant on constant tech connection D．are not interested in innovation 28．What is a key characteristic of the iGeneration’s expectations towards technology? A．They prefer standardized products. B．They expect novelty and customization. C．They are skeptical of new inventions. D．They favor face-to-face communication. 29．What unexpected observation is noted concerning adolescents and interruptions to their focus? A．Their ability to concentrate is far weaker than that of mature adults. B．Doing multiple tasks leads to a dramatic drop in their school results. C．They cope with interruptions more effectively than their age would suggest. D．They fail to recognize how digital tools pull their attention away. 30．What major challenge does the author highlight for the educational system? A．The necessity of banning smartphones and laptops during lessons. B．The pressure of rising operational costs on educational budgets. C．The difficulty of training teachers to use conventional teaching materials. D．The danger of falling behind the cognitive and learning patterns of today’s youth. 【答案】26．A 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科技催生了“iGeneration”一代，阐述其特征、思维方式及给现有教育体系带来的改变挑战。 26．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group apart, even from their tech-skilled Millennial (千禧年的) elders. (对于研究他们的心理学家、社会学家以及代际和媒体专家来说，他们的数字设备使这个新群体与众不同，甚至与精通技术的千禧一代长辈也不一样。)”可知，使iGeneration与前几代人区分开的主要因素是他们对科技的深度融合使用。故选A项。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get.(他们想要时刻保持在线、随时可联系，这种方式甚至他们的哥哥姐姐都不太理解。)”可知，千禧一代对持续科技连接的依赖程度更低。故选C项。 28．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.”(他说：“只要他们能想到，就可能已经有人发明出来，或者将来会有人发明。他们期待创新。”他们满怀期待，认为任何自己想要或能用的东西“都能够根据自身的需求、心愿和渴望量身定制”。)”可知，他们期待科技的新颖性与个性化定制。故选B项。 29．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.(但研究结果表明，青少年应对干扰的能力远比我们根据他们的年龄和大脑发育状况所预测的要好得多。)”可知，他们应对注意力干扰的效果远超其年龄段预期。故选C项。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““The growth curve on the use of technology with children is increasing very rapidly, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. (罗森说：“儿童使用科技产品的增长曲线上升得非常快，就他们的学习方式和思维方式而言，我们有可能与这一代人脱节。”)”可知，教育系统面临的主要挑战是可能落后于当代青少年的认知与学习模式。故选D项。 Passage 7 （2026·天津·一模）The question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) will take away our jobs is on many people’s minds today. Current applications, from AI robotics performing complex surgeries to large language models like ChatGPT writing academic essays and solving tough problems, have not only demonstrated remarkable capabilities but also sparked significant moral concerns. Broadly speaking, public opinion is divided. Some view AI as the ultimate tool for solving society’s most pressing challenges, from disease to climate change. Others, however, fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. Both views rest on a common assumption that AI possesses, or will possess, a superior form of intelligence that could replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all directed by the human mind. Therefore, before AI evolves into a potential threat, the global community must reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. For instance, while future robots might develop a form of emotional intelligence, enabling them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, we must establish clear boundaries to prevent AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The new industrial revolution, driven by AI, is an unstoppable force. This change, much like the steam and internet revolutions that brought once-unimaginable shifts, will definitely reshape the world of work, meaning some jobs will disappear. Yet, history repeatedly shows that humanity possesses a great capacity for adaptation. Following each technological leap, new forms of work have emerged, often more creative and fulfilling than the previous ones. Consequently, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than resisting its progress for fear of the unknown. 31．Why does the author provide examples of AI applications in Paragraph 1? A．To compare the functions of different AIs. B．To explain the principles of deep learning. C．To show evidence for worries about AI. D．To predict breakthroughs in medical fields. 32．What does the author imply about AI’s progress? A．It will be too complex to control. B．It depends on human innovation. C．It will overtake human intelligence. D．It helps human break boundaries. 33．How can we prevent AI’s potential threat? A．By preventing it threatening humans. B．By stopping it expressing emotions. C．By changing global agreements. D．By setting clear rules and laws. 34．What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A．Deal with it positively. B．Accept it passively. C．Respond to it randomly. D．Defend it unconditionally. 35．Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A newspaper column on science. B．A textbook on computer science. C．An advertisement for AI software. D．A research paper on AI development. 【答案】31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕人工智能是否会取代人类工作的问题展开，分析了公众对AI的不同看法，指出AI的发展由人类主导，并提出应对AI潜在威胁的措施，最后表明AI时代的变革不可阻挡，人类应积极迎接而非抗拒。 31．推理判断题。根据第一段“The question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) will take away our jobs is on many people’s minds today. Current applications, from AI robotics performing complex surgeries to large language models like ChatGPT writing academic essays and solving tough problems, have not only demonstrated remarkable capabilities but also sparked significant moral concerns. (如今，人工智能是否会抢走我们的工作，这个问题萦绕在很多人的心头。当前的人工智能应用，从能完成复杂手术的人工智能机器人，到像生成式预训练转换器这样能撰写学术论文、解决难题的大型语言模型，不仅展现出了惊人的能力，也引发了人们极大的道德担忧。)”可知，作者先提出人们对AI会抢走工作的担忧，接着列举AI的各类应用案例，这些案例体现了AI的强大能力，正是这些能力成为人们产生担忧的依据。故选C。 32．推理判断题。根据第二段“But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all directed by the human mind. (但事实上，科技是人类文明的产物，人工智能带来的挑战，是人类在不断突破自身边界的过程中为自己创造的。换句话说，人工智能的发展、功能以及未来的发展方向，均由人类的思维主导。)”可知，科技由人类创造，AI的各项发展都受人类引导，由此可推断AI的发展依赖于人类的创新探索。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段“Therefore, before AI evolves into a potential threat, the global community must reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life... Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. (因此，在人工智能演变成潜在威胁之前，国际社会必须就其将要扮演的角色达成共识。更重要的是，相关法律法规必须确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命……没有法律的约束，人工智能可能会成为一场社会灾难。)”可知，要防范AI的潜在威胁，核心是制定相关的法律法规，明确其发展边界。故选D。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段“While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than resisting its progress for fear of the unknown. (在科技飞速发展的当下，我们要做的是迎接人工智能时代的到来，而非因对未知的恐惧而抗拒它的发展。)”可知，作者认为面对人工智能时代的到来，人们应该以积极的态度去面对和接纳。故选A。 35．推理判断题。通读全文，文章围绕人工智能的发展影响、公众看法、应对措施等社会关注度较高的话题展开论述，内容贴合当下社会科技发展现状，语言通俗易懂，符合报纸上科技专栏的文章特点。故选A。 Passage 1 （2026·天津·一模）Technology seems to discourage slow, immersive reading. Reading on a screen, particularly a phone screen, tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list-like than print. The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new norm” of skim reading is producing ‘an invisible, game-changing transformation’ in how readers process words. The neuronal circuit (神经元回路) that sustains the brain’s capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis. We shouldn’t overplay (过度强调) this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully. From about the age of nine, our eyes start to bounce around the page, reading only about a quarter of the words properly, and filling in the gaps by inference. Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far the anxieties have proved to be false alarms . Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever” said that poems were evidence of short attention spans. And yet the internet has certainly changed the way we read. For a start, it means that there is more to read, because more people than ever are writing. If you time travelled just a few decades into the past, you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom. And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder (素材) to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard. Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement. But this advocacy often emphasizes “enthusiastic”, “passionate” or “eager” reading, none of which adjectives suggest slow, quiet absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys now his body feels and moves in water. The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious (坚决的) for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change can’t be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading. 36．What is the function of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a prediction. B．To expose a debate. C．To present a phenomenon. D．To explain a theory. 37．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin Browns opinion? A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 38．The author would probably agree that . A．advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading B．digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection C．the public should be aware of the impact skimming has on neuronal circuits D．the number of online readers is declining due to the advances of technology 39．How does the author explain what slow reading is? A．By showing examples. B．By making comparison. C．By analyzing details. D．By explaining the concept. 40．Why does the author write this article? A．To criticize the fast-paced society destroys reading habit. B．To show how digital technology prevents slow reading. C．To promote reading and responding on the Internet. D．To argue that slow reading is and will not be out of date. 【答案】36．C 37．A 38．B 39．B 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了慢阅读在数字时代的重要性和必要性，认为慢阅读不会过时。 36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Technology seems to discourage slow, immersive reading. Reading on a screen, particularly a phone screen, tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list-like than print.(科技似乎阻碍了缓慢、沉浸式的阅读。在屏幕上阅读，尤其是在手机屏幕上阅读，会让你的眼睛疲劳，让你更难保持注意力。因此，与印刷品相比，网络写作往往更易于浏览，更像列表)”可知，第一段描述了科技对阅读方式的影响这一现象。故选C。 37．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far the anxieties have proved to be false alarms Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, the American author Selvin Brown wrote.(这些关于注意力持续时间缩短的担忧也并无新意。到目前为止，这些焦虑已被证明是虚惊一场。美国作家塞尔文·布朗写道：“最近不少评论家都在担心注意力持续时间的问题，并将短篇故事视为文化衰退的迹象。”)”可知，作者认同对注意力时长下降的担忧是虚惊一场的观点，而塞尔文・布朗的话正是为佐证该观点服务，因此作者对其观点持支持态度。故选A。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段“And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder (素材) to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard.(数字写作是为了快速发布和回应。一篇在线文章一发表，下面就开始形成评论串。这种写作和阅读模式可以是互动的、有趣的。但它常常把别人的话当作可以迅速收获的素材，用来表达其他意思。每个人都抢着说话，渴望被听到)”可知，作者可能会同意数字写作导致了过多的说话而缺乏足够的反思。故选B。 39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys now his body feels and moves in water.(对于一个慢读者来说，一篇文章只有沉浸在文字中，慢慢理解一条思路，才能完全理解。慢读者就像一个游泳者，他不再计算自己游了多少圈，而是享受着自己的身体在水中的感觉和移动)”可知，作者通过将慢阅读与游泳者的感受进行比较来解释慢阅读是什么。故选B。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious(坚决的) for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change can’t be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.(人类对这种深度阅读的需求根深蒂固，任何新技术都无法将其抹杀。我们总以为技术变革无法阻挡、单向发展，于是认为纸质书这类传统媒介会被更新颖、更虚拟的形式取代。但实际情况是，传统技术与新技术能够共存。电子书阅读器并未取代纸质书，就像汽车从未取代自行车一样。我们依然渴望品读那些历经沉淀的思想，欣赏那些精心锤炼的文字。即便在这个步履匆匆的时代，慢阅读也从未缺席)”可知，文章主要讨论了慢阅读在数字时代的重要性和必要性，认为慢阅读不会过时。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026·天津·一模）Technology is supposed to simplify our lives. Smartphones provide a palm-sized window on the world, enabling us to do almost anything with a mere tap. Smart homes manage themselves, and virtual meetings mean that commuting (通勤) is a thing of the past for many. So, we should have more time to sleep, relax, or simply enjoy a moment of doing nothing, right? If this idea strikes you as a bit of a paradox, you are not alone. Growing evidence suggests that while digital technology indeed helps us save some time, we often end up using that time to do more things. We recently conducted interviews across Europe to understand how people use digital devices in their daily lives. Whether it was waiting for a bus, waking up in the morning, or lying in bed at night, our respondents reported that time that would have previously been “empty” was now filled with tech-driven tasks. The growth in digital tasks is partly due to how technology is changing our perception of free time. For many, it is no longer enough to simply eat a meal, watch TV, or take an exercise class. Instead, in an attempt to avoid “wasting” time, they often do these activities while browsing the Web in search of the ingredients for a perfect life and a sense of achievement. These changes are also thought to be intensifying work. Home and hybrid working, enabled by video conferencing technology, have blurred the boundaries between work time and personal time. With the office now just a room away, it is tempting to think, “I’ll just finish this up after putting the kids to bed.” Digital technologies are speeding up the pace of life. However, poorly designed technology can also force us to do more work because of the inefficiencies it creates. We have all encountered the frustration of entering data into system A only to find that it does not integrate with system B, forcing us to re-enter the same information in both. By adding more tasks to our plates, we may end up achieving less and feeling worse. Reclaiming the time “saved” by technology requires a shift in how we use our time. To break free of the habit of filling time with more and more tasks, we need to first accept that sometimes it is okay to do less or nothing at all. In the work environment, employers and employees alike need to create an environment in which disconnection is acceptable. This means setting realistic expectations about what can be achieved in a typical workday. Moreover, technology itself may hold the key to reclaiming our time. Imagine if, instead of telling you to stand up and move around for another task, your smartwatch reminded you to stop working because you had reached your contracted work hours. Perhaps when technology starts to tell us to do less, we will finally be able to regain control of our time. 41．The “paradox” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to the fact that ______. A．smart homes require more management than traditional ones B．technology is meant to free up time but often leads to more tasks C．people feel frustrated when technology fails to integrate systems D．virtual meetings eliminate commuting but add new forms of work 42．What is the author’s attitude to the idea that “digital technology helps us save time”? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Skeptical. D．Unconcerned. 43．What role does Paragraph 3 play in the passage? A．It contrasts the different ways people use smartphones in various situations. B．It illustrates how digital devices fill previously “leisure” time with new tasks. C．It explains the technical reasons behind the integration failure of digital systems. D．It provides statistical evidence to support the claim about tech-driven assignments. 44．What does the author imply by mentioning the smartwatch example? A．Technology should prioritize reminding users to rest over suggesting tasks. B．Employers should equip employees with advanced time-management devices. C．Physical movement reminders are unnecessary additions to digital routines. D．Smartwatches are currently ineffective in helping users manage time. 45．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To criticize the inefficiency of current digital technologies. B．To compare the traditional way of life with the digitalized one. C．To advocate a shift in perceiving and using free time in digital age. D．To reveal the unexpected outcome of employing digital technology. 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．B 44．A 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了数字技术虽节省时间却常致更多任务，需转变观念。 41．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Growing evidence suggests that while digital technology indeed helps us save some time, we often end up using that time to do more things.(越来越多的证据表明，虽然数字技术确实帮助我们节省了一些时间，但我们最终往往用这些时间做更多的事情)”可知，第二段中提到的“悖论”指的是技术本意是节省时间，但往往导致更多任务这一事实。故选B。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段“Growing evidence suggests that while digital technology indeed helps us save some time, we often end up using that time to do more things.(越来越多的证据表明，虽然数字技术确实帮助我们节省了一些时间，但我们最终往往用这些时间做更多的事情)”及全文内容可知，作者指出科技看似节省时间，实则让人们更忙碌、生活节奏更快，对“数字技术帮我们节省时间”这一观点持怀疑态度。故选C。 43．主旨大意题。根据第三段“We recently conducted interviews across Europe to understand how people use digital devices in their daily lives. Whether it was waiting for a bus, waking up in the morning, or lying in bed at night, our respondents reported that time that would have previously been “empty” was now filled with tech-driven tasks.(我们最近在欧洲各地进行了采访，以了解人们在日常生活中如何使用数字设备。无论是等公交车、早上醒来，还是晚上躺在床上，我们的受访者都报告说，以前“空闲”的时间现在都被技术驱动的任务填满了)”可知，第三段举例说明数字设备如何用新任务填满原本的空闲时间。故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Imagine if, instead of telling you to stand up and move around for another task, your smartwatch reminded you to stop working because you had reached your contracted work hours. Perhaps when technology starts to tell us to do less, we will finally be able to regain control of our time.(想象一下，如果你的智能手表不是让你站起来为另一项任务四处走动，而是提醒你因为已经达到了合同规定的工作时间而停止工作。也许当技术开始告诉我们少做些事情时，我们最终将能够重新掌控自己的时间)”可知，作者通过提到智能手表的例子，暗示技术应该优先考虑提醒用户休息，而不是建议任务。故选A。 45．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“By adding more tasks to our plates, we may end up achieving less and feeling worse. Reclaiming the time “saved” by technology requires a shift in how we use our time. To break free of the habit of filling time with more and more tasks, we need to first accept that sometimes it is okay to do less or nothing at all.(通过增加更多的任务，我们最终可能会取得更少的成就，感觉更糟。夺回被技术“节省”的时间需要改变我们利用时间的方式。为了摆脱用越来越多的任务填满时间的习惯，我们首先需要接受有时候少做或什么都不做也是可以的)”以及全文内容可知，作者主要论述数字时代下人们对空闲时间的使用方式发生了变化，写这篇文章的目的是倡导在数字时代改变对空闲时间的看法和利用方式。故选C。 Passage 3 （2026·天津河西·一模）Modern society celebrates freedom of choice as a fundamental good. From cereal aisles (超市麦片区) to career paths, we are presented with an unprecedented array of options. Psychologist Barry Schwartz, however, argues in his book The Paradox of Choice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead to anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfaction — a phenomenon he calls “the tyranny of choice”. The logic seems counterintuitive (违反直觉的). More choices should mean a greater chance of finding the perfect fit, leading to higher satisfaction. Yet, Schwartz contends that the process of choosing from numerous alternatives is psychologically taxing. Each option requires evaluation, which consumes time and cognitive energy. The fear of making a suboptimal choice — of missing out on a better alternative — generates what economists term “opportunity costs” on an emotional level. After a decision is made, this fear often changes into regret or doubt about the foregone options, diminishing the enjoyment of the chosen one. Furthermore, the responsibility that comes with choice can be burdensome. When outcomes are poor, we have no one to blame but ourselves. In a world with limited options, fate or limited availability could be the scapegoat (替罪羊). With limitless choice, failure is personalized. This “self-blame” for less-than-perfect results can weaken our sense of well-being. Schwartz distinguishes between “maximizers” and “satisficers.” Maximizers strive to make the absolute best choice, exhaustively researching all possibilities. Satisficers, on the other hand, aim for “good enough,” settling for an option that meets their core criteria. Unsurprisingly, research shows that maximizers, despite often achieving objectively better outcomes, report lower levels of happiness, optimism, and life satisfaction compared to satisficers. They are more likely to regret and depression. The solution is not to eliminate choice but to curtail (削减) it consciously. We can adopt the satisficer’s mindset by defining our standards beforehand and stopping the search once they are met. We can learn to appreciate “good enough” and recognize that the quest for the perfect is often the enemy of the good. By setting sensible limits on our own freedom to choose — in what we buy, how we spend our time, even in our personal relationships — we might just find the liberation we sought in choice in the first place. 46．Which of the following best summarizes the “paradox” mentioned in the passage? A．The pursuit of perfect freedom ultimately restricts our happiness. B．Society provides more choices, but individuals still feel they are not sufficient. C．Having abundant options is intended to increase satisfaction, but it often results in greater anxiety and regret. D．Economists believe more choices are beneficial, while psychologists prove they are harmful. 47．What does the phrase “a suboptimal choice” most probably mean? A．The choice that is the perfect fit. B．The choice whose logic seems counterintuitive. C．The choice bringing enjoyment. D．The choice that is less ideal. 48．According to the passage, why does the burden of personal responsibility increase in the face of abundant choices? A．Because it requires more knowledge to evaluate complex options. B．Because with limited choice, failure can be blamed on external factors. C．Because society places higher expectations on individuals who have many choices. D．Because making a wrong choice among many leads to greater financial loss. 49．According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements is TRUE about maximizers and satisficers? A．Although maximizers may achieve better objective outcomes, they tend to be less happy due to post-decision regret. B．Maximizers are generally more efficient because they research thoroughly before deciding. C．Satisficers are happier simply because they have lower standards and expectations. D．Becoming a satisficer means giving up on quality and settling for what is average in all situations. 50．What is the author’s overall attitude towards the abundance of choice in modern life? A．Strongly critical and dismissive. B．Cautiously critical but offering a solution. C．Entirely supportive and enthusiastic. D．Neutral and purely descriptive. 【答案】46．C 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在其著作《选择的悖论》中提出的观点：过多的选择并不会带来更多的自由和满足，反而可能导致焦虑、后悔和不满。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Modern society celebrates freedom of choice as a fundamental good. From cereal aisles (超市麦片区) to career paths, we are presented with an unprecedented array of options. Psychologist Barry Schwartz, however, argues in his book The Paradox of Choice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead to anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfaction — a phenomenon he calls “the tyranny of choice”. (现代社会崇尚选择的自由，认为这是一种基本的好处。从超市的麦片区到职业道路，我们面临着前所未有的选择。然而，心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在他的《选择的悖论》一书中指出，这种丰富非但没有解放我们，反而会引发焦虑、犹豫不决与不满——他称之为“选择的专制”的现象)”可知，文章所讨论的“paradox(悖论)”指的是丰富的选择本应提升满意度，却常常导致更大的焦虑和后悔。故选C项。 47．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The fear of making a suboptimal choice — of missing out on a better alternative — generates what economists term “opportunity costs” on an emotional level. (对做出suboptimal choice的恐惧——害怕错过更好的选择——在情感层面上产生了经济学家所说的“机会成本”)”以及后文“this fear often changes into regret or doubt about the foregone options, diminishing the enjoyment of the chosen one. (这种恐惧常常转变为对被放弃选项的后悔或怀疑，从而削弱了对所选之物的享受)”可推知，suboptimal choice与“a better alternative”相对，指的是会让人产生恐惧的选择，是不够理想的选择。故选D项。 48．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When outcomes are poor, we have no one to blame but ourselves. In a world with limited options, fate or limited availability could be the scapegoat (替罪羊). With limitless choice, failure is personalized. This “self-blame” for less-than-perfect results can weaken our sense of well-being.(当结果不尽如人意时，我们只能归咎于自己。在选择有限的世界里，命运或资源匮乏尚可充当替罪羊；而面对无限选择时，失败则被个人化。这种因不够完美的结果而产生的“自责”，会削弱我们的幸福感)”可知，在选择有限的情况下，失败可以归咎于外部因素，而当有无限的选择的时候，失败则更多地被视为个人的责任。所以可以理解为：面对丰富的选择，个人责任的负担反而增加了，这是因为选择有限时，失败可以归咎于外部因素。故选B项。 49．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Maximizers strive to make the absolute best choice, exhaustively researching all possibilities. Satisficers, on the other hand, aim for “good enough,” settling for an option that meets their core criteria. Unsurprisingly, research shows that maximizers, despite often achieving objectively better outcomes, report lower levels of happiness, optimism, and life satisfaction compared to satisficers. They are more likely to regret and depression.(最大化者努力做出绝对最好的选择，详尽地研究所有可能性。另一方面，满足者追求“足够好”，满足于符合他们核心标准的选择。不出所料，研究表明，与满足者相比，最大化者尽管通常能取得客观上更好的结果，但他们的幸福感、乐观程度和生活满意度都较低。他们更容易后悔和抑郁)”可知，最大化者虽然可能取得更好的客观结果，但由于决策后的后悔，他们往往不太快乐”可知，关于最大化者和满足者，正确的说法是：尽管最大化者可能获得更好的客观结果，但由于决策后的后悔，他们往往不那么快乐。故选A项。 50．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Psychologist Barry Schwartz, however, argues in his book The Paradox of Choice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead to anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfaction (然而，心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在他的《选择的悖论》一书中指出，这种丰富非但没有解放我们，反而会导致焦虑、麻木和不满)”可知，作者借用名人的观点对现代生活中的过多选择表达了批判态度；同时，结合最后一段中“The solution is not to eliminate choice but to curtail (削减) it consciously. (解决办法不是消除选择，而是有意识地削减它)”可知，作者提出了有意识地削减选择的解决方案。因此，作者的态度是谨慎批判但提供解决方案。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 （2026·天津南开·一模）Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them. Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed. Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good. One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible. Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from. It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience. Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter? Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life. 1．What does the author think of most entrepreneurs? A．They are more willing to risk their own lives. B．They are more ambitious than ordinary people. C．They achieve greater nonconventional success. D．They have more positive qualities than most of us. 2．What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case”? A．Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success. B．Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities. C．Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm. D．Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success. 3．If one wants to become a successful entrepreneur, he must _________. A．hold on to his original vision B．be able to adapt to new situations C．focus determinedly on one particular goal D．avoid radical change in one’s career direction 4．How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor? A．It will awaken them to reality. B．It is a lesson they have to learn. C．It means the end of their career. D．It will result in a slow recovery. 5．What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition? A．Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal. B．Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs. C．Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business. D．Prioritize health and happiness over material success. Passage 2 （2026·天津南开·一模）“I write to find out what I’m thinking,” wrote the great American journalist John Dos Passos. Anyone engaged in writing understands this truth: the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought. What sounds coherent when spoken often appears weak and illogical when committed to paper. A recent MIT study provides convincing scientific evidence for this claim. Researchers used wearable brain scanners to compare students who wrote essays independently with those using AI assistance. The findings were clear: AI-assisted writers “consistently underperformed at brain, verbal, and behavioral levels.” They demonstrated that we need to write in order to think deeply. This research emerges at a critical historical moment for literacy. Childhood reading has reached record lows, with nearly half of British adults not reading a single book last year. Adult literacy is declining or making no progress across most OECD countries. Notably, average IQs have begun to decline since the 1980s, along with reasoning and problem-solving abilities — a trend that is unlikely to be random. Walter Ong’s influential work “Orality and Literacy” illuminates why writing is essential. He argued that literacy enabled Ancient Greece’s intellectual revolution. Oral cultures must “think memorable thoughts”, relying on rhyme, emotion, and cliché (陈词滥调) to preserve knowledge. Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments. In our digital age, no technology has surpassed the complicated architecture of the book. While the internet offers fragmented information, books provide rich context and sustained logical connections. Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text. As our culture becomes increasingly dominated by short-form videos and attention-fragmenting content, we risk losing the capacity for complex reasoning. Reading and writing form the foundation of serious thought — a habit that unites history’s greatest minds. Before we yield our cognitive development to screens and algorithms, we must carefully consider what we might be sacrificing. 6．What is the function of writing according to John Dos Passos? A．Revealing flaws in speech. B．Organizing thoughts. C．Recording spoken words. D．Ensuring fluency. 7．What is the key advantage of writing over oral cultures? A．It makes for logical statements. B．It ensures greater objectivity. C．It preserves knowledge longer. D．It requires “memorable thoughts”. 8．Why does the author describe reading as “thinking in dialogue with the text”? A．To underline its logical structure. B．To contrast with online reading. C．To show its interactive feature. D．To highlight its cultural relevance. 9．What is the author’s attitude towards people’s reasoning capacity? A．Dismissive. B．Skeptical. C．Critical. D．Concerned. 10．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Writing, Reading, and Thinking: Why Literacy Matters More Than Ever. B．The Digital Age: How Technology Is Reshaping Our Minds. C．The Power of Writing: How Putting Pen to Paper Shapes Thought. D．The Decline of Reading: A Warning Against Digital Distraction. Passage 3 （2026·天津南开·一模）In an era dominated by digital streams, my appreciation deepens for physical diaries — handwritten on paper — as a vital guard against the widespread influence of AI. Human thoughts and expressions risk being abused, processed by algorithms (算法) that lack insights. AI models often greedily swallow artists’ and writers’ works to fuel their systems, putting almost all online content under threat. The physical nature of diaries forms a crucial defense. If we hope to preserve the real human voice from chatbots and refuse to let our writing train AI, a pen and a simple notebook may be our strongest tools. Diaries are uniquely suited to capturing individual lives and imaginations. The very essence of a diary is temporary, meant to catch life’s short-lived moments. This is a task chatbots cannot perform, because they lack genuine perception, thought, or tender human senses. A diary serves as a secure space for one’s deepest feelings and reflections on the world, a form of thinking irreplaceable by AI. Its physical form offers a screen-free shelter for mindfulness, fostering a deeper connection with one’s thoughts. The power of handwritten diaries also lies in their resistance to digital erosion. Unlike mobile phones that limit prospects and lock users out of their own minds, a physical diary does not fog brains, numb fingers, or profit from personal data. It remains a personal possession, beyond the reach of AI companies seeking training data. The act of writing by hand enhances memory and emotional expression, creating a physical record of one’s life journey. This non-digital activity offers a deliberate break from the restless digital pace, offering a routine of self-care and a bridge between the past, present and future. Throughout history, diaries have served as lasting records against powerful structures. Our collective memory would be poorer without Anne Frank’s messages or the diary that begins George Orwell’s “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. Diarists form a universal underground, using pen and paper to resist the threats of the digital world. They protect not just privacy but the very integrity of personal stories from algorithm-based control of information and data mining. Ultimately, the humble diary is more than a record; it is an act of protection. In the quiet conversation between pen and paper, we safeguard the human voice— imperfect, personal, and free from the tide of artificial intelligence. What role does the physical diary play in the digital world? 11．What role does the physical diary play in the digital world? A．A tech-free space for deeper self-reflection. B．A tool to quickly generate more information. C．An opportunity to defend passed-down heritage. D．An instruction on how to embrace new technology. 12．What advantage does handwriting have over mobile phones to keep diaries? A．It bears significant health and social benefits. B．It allows for much faster data input and output. C．It raises much awareness of self, time and space. D．It involves both mental and emotional responses. 13．How does the fourth paragraph contribute to the passage’s argument? A．By suggesting potentials in economy and reputation. B．By listing supporting and typical examples in history. C．By summarizing previously discussed perspectives. D．By analyzing from the view of diary enthusiasts. 14．What can be inferred about those who keep diaries? A．They are strongly opposed to technological progress. B．They believe AI will wipe out diaries sooner or later. C．They value privacy and sincerity over convenience. D．They write mainly for public recognition and fame. 15．What is the author’s attitude towards physical diaries? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. Passage 4 （2026·天津河北·一模）In 1995, a biologist had an unconventional idea. He studied brainless slime moulds (无脑黏菌) and became convinced it was intelligent. It solved problems and made decisions as if it had a mind. To test this, he reproduced a rail network on an agar (琼脂) plate, using oat flakes for cities. He placed the slime moulds at the “central station”. Within a day, the organism rebuilt an efficient network matching the human-designed system — without a brain. This experiment challenges a cherished assumption: that intelligence requires neurons, a skull, or something behind our eyes. Today, “intelligence” is being reduced to something that looks just like human cognition. AI has become our cultural wallpaper. We debate AI’s impacts but rarely the fundamental question: What is intelligence? The danger isn’t that machines are becoming too smart, but that our understanding of “smart” has collapsed into something narrow and focused only on humans. In our rush to create artificial minds, we’ve forgotten to study the real ones. The planet is already filled with superintelligent systems. Water is intelligent in how it adapts and carves canyons. Trees are intelligent in how they share nutrients and warn neighbours. Whole forests operate like connected networks. Even rocks possess a form of wisdom. We use “dumb as rocks” as an insult, but rocks endure. They are stable; they do not self-destruct. “Rock bottom” is not a collapse but the foundation you build upon. We miss these insights because we’ve narrowed intelligence to human-like traits (特征): problem-solving, language, planning. The longest-lived systems — forests, reefs — behave like slime moulds and gardens. They are slow, steady, adaptive, indifferent to public noise. Their ambition is simply to keep living without causing unnecessary harm — a useful metaphor for us now. This leads to a pressing need: to reimagine intelligence itself. Perhaps intelligence isn’t defined by computational speed, but by depth of connection. This brings me to my daughter, fifteen months old, pre-verbal. She experiences the world as sensation and connection. She doesn’t think or judge; she is simply present. There’s a brilliance in that state we dismiss because it doesn’t look like analysis or output. Maybe the highest form of intelligence is simply presence: perception without preconception. She understands how to inhabit the moment fully. What does that suggest about where wisdom truly exists? 16．Why does the author begin with the slime mold experiment? A．To introduce a new AI technology. B．To praise human engineering skills. C．To challenge a common assumption. D．To highlight a biological breakthrough. 17．What does the author imply about current AI discussions? A．They underestimate human thinking. B．They are too focused on cultural values. C．They are obsessed with processing speed. D．They oversimplify the nature of intelligence. 18．What can be learned about the natural systems mentioned in the passage? A．They actively compete for limited resources. B．They possess wisdom ignored by human standards. C．They depend on fast computation to solve problems. D．They function efficiently by mimicking human brains. 19．The author uses the example of his daughter to ______. A．illustrate pre-linguistic learning B．stress parental observation skills C．highlight the value of pure presence D．present humans as uniquely intelligent beings 20．What is the central argument of the passage? A．Scientific experiments reveal hidden natural laws. B．Childhood experiences shape philosophical views. C．Biological organisms outperform artificial systems. D．True intelligence should be redefined beyond human traits. Passage 5 （2026·天津·一模）In a recent article, Markham Heid shares with us an unusual life crisis. At 41, he has built what many would regard as the good life: he has a family; he is healthy, productive, and creative; he has time to travel, read, exercise, and see friends. Yet, he feels that “something is off.” To fight against this feeling, some of his friends have turned to special retreats, while others try to solve it through fitness. What makes Heid’s problem somewhat odd is that it does not seem to arise from anything specific. If he had lost his job, had no time for himself, or was struggling in his marriage, the feeling would be understandable. In the history of philosophy, there have been many attempts to understand such a powerful but objectless feeling. Boredom, anxiety, depression and despair are some of the descriptions this mood has received. Heid ends up attributing his crisis to the lack of new experiences. The Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard calls this the “illusion of crop rotation”, the idea that changing the environment frequently can save us from this mood. The German philosopher Martin Heidegger also describes a similar state: one may still be surrounded by the same people and activities, but these no longer engage us as they used to. He calls it a kind of “anxiety” created by nothing in particular. No wonder the psychologist Sigmund Freud once described anxiety as a “riddle.” But what really drives this mood is not the need for new experiences. It is not even the particulars of our individual lives or the cultures we belong to, but that we have been given a life to live in the first place, the taste of possibility that comes with being alive. This mood is not due to doubts like “Do I have enough hobbies?” or “Have I achieved my goal?” It is related to the more fundamental questions like “What does it mean to be human?” “What am I supposed to do with the fact that I was given a life?” and “What kind of life is possible for me?” This is why this mood is likely to appear frequently in our life. This is why once many of our life goals are fulfilled, we begin to wonder what life itself is for. These questions never have a final answer and they can always leave us with a great sense of anguish about who we are and how we should go on. Nevertheless, recognizing that these doubts are there, and that they matter, can at least allow us to know what may be missing, even when everything is good. 21．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show Markham Heid’s perfect life is envied by many people B．To introduce a confusing life crisis that lacks a specific cause C．To suggest special retreats and fitness are the best ways to solve the crisis D．To prove that a family and some leisure activities can never bring happiness 22．The author shares Markham Heid’s crisis mainly to________. A．present an argument B．introduce a topic C．make an assumption D．evaluate an event 23．According to the author, how can the crisis in the passage be dealt with? A．By studying philosophy. B．By developing new hobbies. C．By going travelling frequently. D．By embracing the objectless feeling. 24．What does the word “anguish” underlined in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Pain. B．Wonder. C．Direction. D．Achievement. 25．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．What leads to a Life Crisis B．Letting Go of Dark Moods C．Boredom Makes Us Human D．Anxiety Gives Us Life Goals Passage 6 （2026·天津河西·一模）They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group apart, even from their tech-skilled Millennial (千禧年的) elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing (包罗万象的) sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation. The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has declared the birth of a new generation in his new book, Rewired. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials that they deserve the distinction of a new generation, which he has called the “iGeneration”. “The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘i’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-schoolers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger. Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.” Portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly. “The growth curve on the use of technology with children is increasing very rapidly, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. “We have to give them opportunities to learn in a way that matches their expectations and their digital experiences.” 26．What is the main factor that distinguishes the iGeneration from previous generations, according to the passage? A．Their deeply integrated use of technology. B．Their higher intelligence quotients (IQs). C．Their improved social skills. D．Their greater interest in traditional media. 27．We can infer from the passage that Millennials ________. A．deserve the distinction of a new generation B．have an individualized mindset C．are less reliant on constant tech connection D．are not interested in innovation 28．What is a key characteristic of the iGeneration’s expectations towards technology? A．They prefer standardized products. B．They expect novelty and customization. C．They are skeptical of new inventions. D．They favor face-to-face communication. 29．What unexpected observation is noted concerning adolescents and interruptions to their focus? A．Their ability to concentrate is far weaker than that of mature adults. B．Doing multiple tasks leads to a dramatic drop in their school results. C．They cope with interruptions more effectively than their age would suggest. D．They fail to recognize how digital tools pull their attention away. 30．What major challenge does the author highlight for the educational system? A．The necessity of banning smartphones and laptops during lessons. B．The pressure of rising operational costs on educational budgets. C．The difficulty of training teachers to use conventional teaching materials. D．The danger of falling behind the cognitive and learning patterns of today’s youth. Passage 7 （2026·天津·一模）The question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) will take away our jobs is on many people’s minds today. Current applications, from AI robotics performing complex surgeries to large language models like ChatGPT writing academic essays and solving tough problems, have not only demonstrated remarkable capabilities but also sparked significant moral concerns. Broadly speaking, public opinion is divided. Some view AI as the ultimate tool for solving society’s most pressing challenges, from disease to climate change. Others, however, fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. Both views rest on a common assumption that AI possesses, or will possess, a superior form of intelligence that could replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all directed by the human mind. Therefore, before AI evolves into a potential threat, the global community must reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. For instance, while future robots might develop a form of emotional intelligence, enabling them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, we must establish clear boundaries to prevent AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The new industrial revolution, driven by AI, is an unstoppable force. This change, much like the steam and internet revolutions that brought once-unimaginable shifts, will definitely reshape the world of work, meaning some jobs will disappear. Yet, history repeatedly shows that humanity possesses a great capacity for adaptation. Following each technological leap, new forms of work have emerged, often more creative and fulfilling than the previous ones. Consequently, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than resisting its progress for fear of the unknown. 31．Why does the author provide examples of AI applications in Paragraph 1? A．To compare the functions of different AIs. B．To explain the principles of deep learning. C．To show evidence for worries about AI. D．To predict breakthroughs in medical fields. 32．What does the author imply about AI’s progress? A．It will be too complex to control. B．It depends on human innovation. C．It will overtake human intelligence. D．It helps human break boundaries. 33．How can we prevent AI’s potential threat? A．By preventing it threatening humans. B．By stopping it expressing emotions. C．By changing global agreements. D．By setting clear rules and laws. 34．What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A．Deal with it positively. B．Accept it passively. C．Respond to it randomly. D．Defend it unconditionally. 35．Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A newspaper column on science. B．A textbook on computer science. C．An advertisement for AI software. D．A research paper on AI development. Passage 1 （2026·天津·一模）Technology seems to discourage slow, immersive reading. Reading on a screen, particularly a phone screen, tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list-like than print. The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new norm” of skim reading is producing ‘an invisible, game-changing transformation’ in how readers process words. The neuronal circuit (神经元回路) that sustains the brain’s capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis. We shouldn’t overplay (过度强调) this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully. From about the age of nine, our eyes start to bounce around the page, reading only about a quarter of the words properly, and filling in the gaps by inference. Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far the anxieties have proved to be false alarms . Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever” said that poems were evidence of short attention spans. And yet the internet has certainly changed the way we read. For a start, it means that there is more to read, because more people than ever are writing. If you time travelled just a few decades into the past, you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom. And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder (素材) to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard. Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement. But this advocacy often emphasizes “enthusiastic”, “passionate” or “eager” reading, none of which adjectives suggest slow, quiet absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys now his body feels and moves in water. The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious (坚决的) for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change can’t be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading. 36．What is the function of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a prediction. B．To expose a debate. C．To present a phenomenon. D．To explain a theory. 37．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin Browns opinion? A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 38．The author would probably agree that . A．advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading B．digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection C．the public should be aware of the impact skimming has on neuronal circuits D．the number of online readers is declining due to the advances of technology 39．How does the author explain what slow reading is? A．By showing examples. B．By making comparison. C．By analyzing details. D．By explaining the concept. 40．Why does the author write this article? A．To criticize the fast-paced society destroys reading habit. B．To show how digital technology prevents slow reading. C．To promote reading and responding on the Internet. D．To argue that slow reading is and will not be out of date. Passage 2 （2026·天津·一模）Technology is supposed to simplify our lives. Smartphones provide a palm-sized window on the world, enabling us to do almost anything with a mere tap. Smart homes manage themselves, and virtual meetings mean that commuting (通勤) is a thing of the past for many. So, we should have more time to sleep, relax, or simply enjoy a moment of doing nothing, right? If this idea strikes you as a bit of a paradox, you are not alone. Growing evidence suggests that while digital technology indeed helps us save some time, we often end up using that time to do more things. We recently conducted interviews across Europe to understand how people use digital devices in their daily lives. Whether it was waiting for a bus, waking up in the morning, or lying in bed at night, our respondents reported that time that would have previously been “empty” was now filled with tech-driven tasks. The growth in digital tasks is partly due to how technology is changing our perception of free time. For many, it is no longer enough to simply eat a meal, watch TV, or take an exercise class. Instead, in an attempt to avoid “wasting” time, they often do these activities while browsing the Web in search of the ingredients for a perfect life and a sense of achievement. These changes are also thought to be intensifying work. Home and hybrid working, enabled by video conferencing technology, have blurred the boundaries between work time and personal time. With the office now just a room away, it is tempting to think, “I’ll just finish this up after putting the kids to bed.” Digital technologies are speeding up the pace of life. However, poorly designed technology can also force us to do more work because of the inefficiencies it creates. We have all encountered the frustration of entering data into system A only to find that it does not integrate with system B, forcing us to re-enter the same information in both. By adding more tasks to our plates, we may end up achieving less and feeling worse. Reclaiming the time “saved” by technology requires a shift in how we use our time. To break free of the habit of filling time with more and more tasks, we need to first accept that sometimes it is okay to do less or nothing at all. In the work environment, employers and employees alike need to create an environment in which disconnection is acceptable. This means setting realistic expectations about what can be achieved in a typical workday. Moreover, technology itself may hold the key to reclaiming our time. Imagine if, instead of telling you to stand up and move around for another task, your smartwatch reminded you to stop working because you had reached your contracted work hours. Perhaps when technology starts to tell us to do less, we will finally be able to regain control of our time. 41．The “paradox” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to the fact that ______. A．smart homes require more management than traditional ones B．technology is meant to free up time but often leads to more tasks C．people feel frustrated when technology fails to integrate systems D．virtual meetings eliminate commuting but add new forms of work 42．What is the author’s attitude to the idea that “digital technology helps us save time”? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Skeptical. D．Unconcerned. 43．What role does Paragraph 3 play in the passage? A．It contrasts the different ways people use smartphones in various situations. B．It illustrates how digital devices fill previously “leisure” time with new tasks. C．It explains the technical reasons behind the integration failure of digital systems. D．It provides statistical evidence to support the claim about tech-driven assignments. 44．What does the author imply by mentioning the smartwatch example? A．Technology should prioritize reminding users to rest over suggesting tasks. B．Employers should equip employees with advanced time-management devices. C．Physical movement reminders are unnecessary additions to digital routines. D．Smartwatches are currently ineffective in helping users manage time. 45．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To criticize the inefficiency of current digital technologies. B．To compare the traditional way of life with the digitalized one. C．To advocate a shift in perceiving and using free time in digital age. D．To reveal the unexpected outcome of employing digital technology. Passage 3 （2026·天津河西·一模）Modern society celebrates freedom of choice as a fundamental good. From cereal aisles (超市麦片区) to career paths, we are presented with an unprecedented array of options. Psychologist Barry Schwartz, however, argues in his book The Paradox of Choice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead to anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfaction — a phenomenon he calls “the tyranny of choice”. The logic seems counterintuitive (违反直觉的). More choices should mean a greater chance of finding the perfect fit, leading to higher satisfaction. Yet, Schwartz contends that the process of choosing from numerous alternatives is psychologically taxing. Each option requires evaluation, which consumes time and cognitive energy. The fear of making a suboptimal choice — of missing out on a better alternative — generates what economists term “opportunity costs” on an emotional level. After a decision is made, this fear often changes into regret or doubt about the foregone options, diminishing the enjoyment of the chosen one. Furthermore, the responsibility that comes with choice can be burdensome. When outcomes are poor, we have no one to blame but ourselves. In a world with limited options, fate or limited availability could be the scapegoat (替罪羊). With limitless choice, failure is personalized. This “self-blame” for less-than-perfect results can weaken our sense of well-being. Schwartz distinguishes between “maximizers” and “satisficers.” Maximizers strive to make the absolute best choice, exhaustively researching all possibilities. Satisficers, on the other hand, aim for “good enough,” settling for an option that meets their core criteria. Unsurprisingly, research shows that maximizers, despite often achieving objectively better outcomes, report lower levels of happiness, optimism, and life satisfaction compared to satisficers. They are more likely to regret and depression. The solution is not to eliminate choice but to curtail (削减) it consciously. We can adopt the satisficer’s mindset by defining our standards beforehand and stopping the search once they are met. We can learn to appreciate “good enough” and recognize that the quest for the perfect is often the enemy of the good. By setting sensible limits on our own freedom to choose — in what we buy, how we spend our time, even in our personal relationships — we might just find the liberation we sought in choice in the first place. 46．Which of the following best summarizes the “paradox” mentioned in the passage? A．The pursuit of perfect freedom ultimately restricts our happiness. B．Society provides more choices, but individuals still feel they are not sufficient. C．Having abundant options is intended to increase satisfaction, but it often results in greater anxiety and regret. D．Economists believe more choices are beneficial, while psychologists prove they are harmful. 47．What does the phrase “a suboptimal choice” most probably mean? A．The choice that is the perfect fit. B．The choice whose logic seems counterintuitive. C．The choice bringing enjoyment. D．The choice that is less ideal. 48．According to the passage, why does the burden of personal responsibility increase in the face of abundant choices? A．Because it requires more knowledge to evaluate complex options. B．Because with limited choice, failure can be blamed on external factors. C．Because society places higher expectations on individuals who have many choices. D．Because making a wrong choice among many leads to greater financial loss. 49．According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements is TRUE about maximizers and satisficers? A．Although maximizers may achieve better objective outcomes, they tend to be less happy due to post-decision regret. B．Maximizers are generally more efficient because they research thoroughly before deciding. C．Satisficers are happier simply because they have lower standards and expectations. D．Becoming a satisficer means giving up on quality and settling for what is average in all situations. 50．What is the author’s overall attitude towards the abundance of choice in modern life? A．Strongly critical and dismissive. B．Cautiously critical but offering a solution. C．Entirely supportive and enthusiastic. D．Neutral and purely descriptive. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（议论文） 参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B A B C D B A C D A 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A D B C C C D B C D 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 B B D A C A C B C D 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 C B D A A C A B B D 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 B C B A C C D B A B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $