Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking-分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The whistle blew at 8 a.m.and the train 　　　　　　(滑动) forward.  2.Millions of people offered help to the people in the 　　　　　　(被淹没的) area.  3.The captain fell into an icy river and was fortunately r　　　　　 by some local villagers. 4.93 p　　　　　 of the students in our class have mastered the grammars in this textbook. 5.Our English teacher requests us to guess the meanings of unfamiliar words according to 　　　　　(语境).  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.This experience caused the athlete much mental 　　　　　　(suffer).  2.The typhoon did damage 　　　　　　the area and caused 100 deaths.  3.Nearly everything in the city 　　　　　　(destroy) by the terrible disaster last week.  4.The organization spared no effort 　　　　　　(supply) the homeless with food or shelter. 5.Compared to me,my partner is 　　　　　　(bury) in learning and studies better than me. 6.I was shocked 　　　　　　(find)that my son could hardly bear so much learning stress. 7.After the terrible landslide,the whole village lay 　　　　　　ruins and many volunteers came to the villagers’ rescue.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.这个男孩又没通过考试,但他表现得若无其事。(as if/though) The boy failed to pass the exam again,but he behaved 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.如果你用心去做,这个问题不难解决。(主语+be+形容词+to do) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 if you put your heart into it. 3.他们善良且乐于助人,在灾难面前,他们非常愿意帮助那些处于困境中的人。(too+形容词/副词+to do) They were so kind and helpful that they were 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　those in trouble in the face of disasters.  4.在下课之前,老师要求我们写总结。(come to an end) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,our teacher requests us to write a summary. 5.无论你跌倒了多少次,你都应该重新站起来。(fall down) No matter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you should keep getting back up. Ⅳ.阅读微写作 请再读“THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP”,注意文中的单词、短语和句型,并完成下列练习。 Activity 1　单句写作 1.我们震惊地发现每年会发生许多自然灾害。(shock) We 　　　　　　　　　　　that many natural disasters happen every year.  2.面对灾难,人们感觉好像世界末日到了。(as if) Facing disasters,people feel 　　　　　　　　　　.  3.人们将经受许多困境,他们的家园将成为废墟。(in ruins) People will go through many hardships and 　　　　　　　　　　.  4.幸运的是,政府不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受灾难的人。(effort) Luckily,the government 　　　　　　　　　　those who are suffering from disasters.  5.通过共同努力,新的家园不难重建。(effort;主语+be+形容词+to do) With joint 　　　　　　,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词)。 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Workers continue to search the ruins of a large earthquake that hit Morocco Friday.Officials say almost 2,500 were killed in the quake,but that they expect that number will rise.The United Nations said the 6.9-magnitude earthquake affected 300,000 people.The damage was great because the starting point of the shaking was not far below the ground. It has been the strongest quake to hit the North African nation since 1900.And,it is reported to be the country’s deadliest since 1960,when at least 12,000 people were killed in and near the city of Agadir. So far,Morocco has accepted support from four countries—Spain,The State of Qatar,Great Britain and the United Arab Emirates.Other nations have offered help as well.Groups from the Moroccan army left Monday from Amizmiz to move into the small mountain villages.Heavy equipment was sent to clear the roads and both visitors and local people lined up to give blood. Many people continued to sleep outside,fearing smaller earthquakes that often follow a major one.In the village of Imgdal,women and children gathered outside and some kept warm around an open fire on Monday morning. On a road near the town of Adassil,near the epicenter(震中),one rescue worker,Ayman Koait,was trying to clear the rocks that were restraining trucks from getting by.He said other roads were in bad shape.“We’re trying to open them,too,” said Ayman Koait. People said they dug through the ruins of their homes looking for relatives.They also moved rocks and walls looking for important items. Many of the homes are made of wood,rock and mud,which made them fall easily when the ground started shaking.One military worker said “it is difficult to pull people out alive” because the walls turned into ruins and did not leave any space for air. 1.Why was the earthquake so serious? A.It happened close to the ground. B.It broke out at midnight. C.Rescue was not timely enough. D.There was no proper protection. 2.Why did the local people keep staying outside after the earthquake? A.To receive supplies. B.To get ready for leaving for other towns. C.To avoid possible following ones. D.To keep themselves warm around open fires. 3.What does the underlined word “restraining” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Guiding. B.Preventing. C.Repairing. D.Supporting. 4.Why did the military worker think the rescue was almost hopeless? A.The villages were out of reach. B.The roads were badly damaged. C.The damaged areas were too close to the epicenter. D.The special houses made it hard for people to be alive. B (2025河南高一上学期大联考) Cold nights do not stop 15-year-old Gabe Bisonette.He has been learning fishing with a spear(矛) on a lake,a tradition of the Ojibwe Native American tribe(部落),for a long time.They are fighting to keep this way of fishing alive.But there are fewer and fewer walleye fish in the lake because of warming waters,seasonal changes and lake development.Climate(气候) change is influencing the home of the fish.Walleye fish grow best in unclear waters.But because of long periods of dry weather,or drought,the flow of rivers into the lake has lessened.This leads to clearer water. Losing this kind of fish would mean losing a food source for village members and a deep connection to tradition and nature. People in the village say that with science and good management,they will be able to continue this tradition in the future.But there are also worries about the changes that are already happening. People are finding ways to protect walleye fish and the fishing tradition.For walleye fishing,people are required to get permits(许可证) that control the number of fish they can take.And some lakes are filled with fish born in a hatchery(孵化场) and put into the lake.But in many cases,the goal is still to increase natural reproduction. As inland lakes warm with climate change,tribe members experience the influences first.With their knowledge of the lakes,Bisonette and others who put their hopes in fishing with a spear will continue to fight for it. For now,because of protection efforts,Martin,Bisonette’s father,catches enough fish in the traditional way to help feed elders in the village.He and others work long hours to get the fish ready and take it to them.Martin says he loves these visits because he gets to listen to stories of the elders. 5.What helps walleye fish grow well? A.Enough food. B.Warm weather. C.Unclear water. D.Traditional fishing methods. 6.What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 4? A.History of spear fishing. B.Worries about the walleye fish’s situation. C.Ways to protect walleye fish. D.Importance of following tradition. 7.Why does Martin work for a long time? A.To prepare food for the old in the village. B.To spread the importance of fish protection. C.To teach others how to keep traditional fishing. D.To share ancient stories with other tribe members. 8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Clean Water May Sometimes Mean No Fish B.Technology Helps Save Traditional Culture C.Traditional Fishing Methods Are Disappearing D.Climate Change Influences Traditional Fishing C (2025江苏泰州高一第一次调研) Humans’ light at night does not spare even the sea from its glare(强光).Researchers published the first global map of ocean light pollution.It shows large parts of the sea are lit up at night.And that risks confusing or disrupting the behaviors of sea life.  Tim Smyth led a team to research the areas of the ocean where light pollution is strongest.Smyth and his colleagues started with a world map of man-made night-sky brightness that had been created in 2016.Then they added data on the ocean and atmosphere.Some data came from shipboard measurements of man-made light in the water.Others came from satellite images that judge how clear the water is.Particles(微粒)in the water,such as tiny floating plants and animals,can affect how far downward light travels.These factors vary from place to place and may change with the seasons.The team also used computers to copy how different wavelengths of light move through water. Next,they wanted to know how that underwater light might affect animals.Not all species will be easily affected.The team focused on copepods(桡足亚纲甲壳动物).These common creatures are a key part of many ocean food chains.They use light as a signal to move all together to the dark deep,seeking safety from other surface creatures.Normally they use the sun or the winter moon as their signal.Too much man-made light can mess up their usual patterns. Light pollution is strongest in about three feet of the water.Here,man-made light can be strong enough to confuse the copepods.Nearly 2 million square kilometers of ocean get such strong night light.That’s an area about the size of Mexico.Farther down,the light gets weaker.But even 65 feet deep,it’s still bright enough to bother copepods across 840,000 square kilometers of ocean. The team published its findings on December 13 in Elementa:Science of the Anthropocene. 9.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disrupting” in paragraph 1? A.Upsetting. B.Observing. C.Ensuring. D.Protecting. 10.What do we know about copepods from the passage? A.They are main eaters of other creatures. B.They are not affected by underwater light. C.They can escape attacks with the help of light. D.They can weaken the effect of man-made light. 11.How does the author show the seriousness of light pollution in paragraph 4? A.By stating opinions. B.By listing numbers. C.By raising questions. D.By giving reasons. 12.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A.Light Pollution from Sea Life B.Living Conditions of Copepods C.Discoveries of Copepods D.Light Pollution Even in Sea 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.drought n.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→dry adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.require v.　　　　　　　　　　　  3.colleague n.　　　　　  4.vary v.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→various adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.seek(sought;sought) v.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.alive　本文义:adj.　　　　　　　　　　  其他义:adj.　　　　　　　　　　　  2.spare　本文义:v.　　　　　　　　　　　  其他义:v.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.in many cases　　　　　　　　　　　  2.be lit up at night　　　　　　　　　　　  3.a key part of　　　　　　　　　　　  4.mess up　　　　　　　　　　　  5.farther down　　　　　　　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 Not all species will be easily affected.(not all...部分否定) 句意:    五、长难句分析 With their knowledge of the lakes,Bisonette and others who put their hopes in fishing with a spear will continue to fight for it. 分析:这是一个复合句。主句是Bisonette and others ...will continue to fight for it,who引导定语从句,修饰Bisonette and others。 句意:    参考答案 Ⅰ.1.slid　2.flooded　3.rescued　4.percent　5.contexts Ⅱ.1.suffering　2.to　3.was destroyed　4.to supply　5.buried　6.to find　7.in Ⅲ.1.as if/though nothing had happened　2.The problem is not difficult to solve　3.too willing to help　4.Before the class comes to an end　5.how many times you fall down Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.are shocked to find　2.as if the world were coming to an end　3.their homes will be in ruins　4.spares no effort to help　5.efforts;the new home is not difficult/hard to rebuild Activity 2 Ladies and gentlemen, I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech here on natural disasters. We are shocked to find that many natural disasters happen every year,which causes damage to local people.Facing disasters,people feel as if the world were coming to an end.There is no doubt that people will go through many hardships and their homes will be in ruins.Luckily,the government spares no effort to help those who are suffering from disasters.At the same time,individuals give away foods,clothes and some daily necessities to the disaster-stricken areas.With joint efforts,the new home is not difficult/hard to rebuild. Thanks for your listening. Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了摩洛哥发生大地震,大约有2500人在地震中丧生,救援人员在废墟中搜救被困人员,帮助摩洛哥地震灾民的故事。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The damage was great because the starting point of the shaking was not far below the ground.”可知,地震严重是因为震源靠近地面。故选A项。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Many people continued to sleep outside,fearing smaller earthquakes that often follow a major one.”可知,地震后许多当地人继续睡在外面是为了避免之后可能会发生的余震。故选C项。 3.B　词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“On a road near the town of Adassil,near the epicenter,one rescue worker,Ayman Koait,was trying to clear the rocks”和下文“trucks from getting by”可推知,地震救援人员清理岩石的目的应该是让卡车可以通过道路。由此推知,这些岩石目前阻碍了卡车通行,restrain的意思应该是“阻碍”,与prevent意思相近。故选B项。 4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,军方工作人员认为救援无望是因为特殊的房屋构造让人们很难活下来。故选D项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述气候改变影响了Ojibwe美洲原住民部落的居民捕鱼的传统文化以及他们正努力采取措施补救。 5.C　细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Walleye fish grow best in unclear waters.”可知,Walleye鱼在不清澈的水里能很好地生长。故选C项。 6.C　主旨大意题。由文章第四段“People are finding ways to protect walleye fish and the fishing tradition.For walleye fishing,people are required to get permits that control the number of fish they can take.And some lakes are filled with fish born in a hatchery and put into the lake.But in many cases,the goal is still to increase natural reproduction.”可知,本段主要讲了保护walleye鱼的方法。故选C项。 7.A　细节理解题。由文章最后一段“For now,because of protection efforts,Martin,Bisonette’s father,catches enough fish in the traditional way to help feed elders in the village.He and others work long hours to get the fish ready and take it to them.Martin says he loves these visits because he gets to listen to stories of the elders.”可知,Martin要长时间工作来为村里的老人准备食物。故选A项。 8.D　主旨大意题。由文章第一段中“Climate change is influencing the home of the fish.Walleye fish grow best in unclear waters.But because of long periods of dry weather,or drought,the flow of rivers into the lake has lessened.This leads to clearer water.”以及上下文可知,文章主要讲述气候改变影响Ojibwe美洲原住民部落的居民捕鱼的传统文化以及他们正努力采取措施补救。所以D项适合作本文标题。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是海洋中也有光污染以及光污染对海洋生物的影响。 9.A　词句猜测题。根据第一段的“It shows large parts of the sea are lit up at night.And that risks confusing”和“the behaviors of sea life”可知,画线词所在的句子表示“大片海域在夜间被点亮。这可能会混淆或扰乱海洋生物的行为”,因此画线词disrupting的意思是“扰乱”,和upset意思相近。故选A项。 10.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“They use light as a signal to move all together to the dark deep,seeking safety from other surface creatures.”可知,桡足亚纲甲壳动物可以在光的帮助下躲避攻击。故选C项。 11.B　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Nearly 2 million square kilometers of ocean get such strong night light.That’s an area about the size of Mexico.Farther down,the light gets weaker.But even 65 feet deep,it’s still bright enough to bother copepods across 840,000 square kilometers of ocean.”可推知,作者在第四段通过列出数字来展示光污染的严重性。故选B项。 12.D　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的“Humans’ light at night does not spare even the sea from its glare.Researchers published the first global map of ocean light pollution.It shows large parts of the sea are lit up at night.And that risks confusing or disrupting the behaviors of sea life.”可知,本文主要讲的是光污染对海洋生物的影响。由此可知,D项适合作本文标题。 知识积累卡 一、1.长期缺乏,严重短缺;干旱,旱灾　干的;干旱的;口干的,口渴的　2.需要;要求做(某事),规定　3.同事　4.(使)不同,(使)呈现差异;变化,改变　各种各样的　5.寻找;寻求,谋求;试图,设法;找出,找到 二、1.仍然存在的　活着的;活跃的;热闹的;尚未失败 2.豁免;赦免　抽出;省得,免去;剩余,剩下 三、1.在许多情况下　2.在晚上灯火通明　3.……的关键部分　4.搞砸;弄乱　5.更远的地方 四、并非所有物种都容易受到影响。 五、凭借对湖泊的了解,Bisonette和其他希望用矛捕鱼的人将继续为之奋斗。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $