2026年中考英语三轮冲刺 微专题04定语从句·关系词秒选与高分突破

2026 届中考英语三轮冲刺 微专题04定语从句·关系词秒选与高分突破 定语从句是中考英语的“隐形杀手”，每年必考，且错误率常年居高不下。近三年真题显示，考查重点集中在：① 关系代词 (who/whom/which/that/whose) 的辨析；② 关系副词 (when/where/why) 的用法；③ 只用that或只用which的特殊情况；④ 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。2026年预计会加大在传统文化、校园生活、科技话题语境下的综合考查，尤其是whose与介词+which的转换，将是高分冲刺的关键。 一线教师观察·来自课堂的真实困惑 教了十几年定语从句，我发现学生最头疼的不是背规则，而是“到底该选哪个关系词”。很多学生一看到“人”就选who，一看到“物”就选which，结果遇到“whose”或“where”就懵了。其实，判断关系词的根本方法是看从句中缺什么成分：缺主语、宾语用关系代词；缺时间状语用when；缺地点状语用where；缺原因状语用why。下面的“三步填空法”是我从上千道错题中提炼出来的，学生用了都说“原来这么简单”。 核心知识·秒杀公式（教师精编版） 秒杀公式1：关系词选择“三步填空法” 第一步：看先行词是人还是物。 第二步：看从句中缺什么成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语）。 第三步：根据缺的成分选择关系词： • 缺主语/宾语 → 关系代词 (who/whom/which/that) • 缺定语 → whose • 缺时间状语 → when • 缺地点状语 → where • 缺原因状语 → why 我的口诀：“人who物which，主语宾语都可接；定语whose表所属，时间when地点where；原因why是特例，介词+which要灵活。” 秒杀公式2：关系代词辨析——who, whom, which, that • who：指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语时可省略) • whom：指人，作宾语，口语中可用who代替 • which：指物，作主语或宾语 • that：指人或物，作主语或宾语 (可代替who/which) 易错点：在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that；关系词作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可以省略。 秒杀公式3：只用that的特殊情况（高频考点） • 先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much等不定代词时 • 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the first, the best等修饰时 • 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 • 先行词既有人又有物时 教学小妙招：让学生把这四种情况编成一句话：“不定代词、最高级、序数词、the only，人和物都齐，that一定行。” 秒杀公式4：关系副词 vs 关系代词的终极判断 当先行词是时间、地点、原因时，不要盲目用when/where/why，要看从句缺什么： • 缺主语/宾语 → 用关系代词 (which/that) • 缺状语 → 用关系副词 (when/where/why) 经典例题： I'll never forget the day ______ we spent together. (缺宾语 → which/that) I'll never forget the day ______ we first met. (缺时间状语 → when) 典型错误：学生一看到“day”就用when，一看到“place”就用where，这是典型的“只见树木不见森林”。 秒杀公式5：介词 + 关系代词——最难的考点 当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可提前到关系代词前，关系代词只能用which(物)或whom(人)，不能用that/who。 经典转换： This is the house I lived in last year. → This is the house in which I lived last year. 我的口诀：“介词提前要用which/whom，后面句子不缺少，that/who不能行。” 三步解题法（考场实战） ① 找先行词：确定是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。 ② 析从句：看从句中缺什么成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）。 ③ 选关系：根据缺的成分和先行词选对关系词。 最新模拟题·实战演练 A. 单项选择（10题） 1. The boy ______ is standing under the tree is my cousin. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 2. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. who 3. Do you know the girl ______ father is a doctor? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 4. I still remember the day ______ we first met. A. which B. when C. where D. why 5. The factory ______ we visited last week is very big. A. where B. when C. which D. what 6. The man ______ you talked to just now is my uncle. A. which B. whom C. whose D. when 7. All ______ you need is patience. A. what B. that C. which D. who 8. He failed the exam, ______ made his parents very upset. A. that B. which C. what D. who 9. This is the house ______ Lu Xun once lived. A. which B. in which C. that D. where 10. The reason ______ he was late is unknown. A. which B. when C. why D. where B. 完形填空（定语从句语境·10题） My grandfather is a man 11 I respect deeply. He grew up in a small village 12 there was no electricity. He often tells me about the days 13 he had to walk five miles to school. The school 14 he attended was a one-room building. His teacher, 15 name I still remember, was very strict but kind. Grandfather says the years 16 he spent in that school were the happiest of his life. The reason 17 he values education so much is that it changed his life. He always says, "A person 18 loves learning will never be poor." Now he is old, but his spirit 19 never fades. The stories 20 he shares with us are full of wisdom. 选择正确答案填空。 11. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 12. A. which B. where C. when D. why 13. A. when B. which C. where D. that 14. A. where B. which C. when D. what 15. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 16. A. where B. when C. which D. what 17. A. which B. why C. where D. when 18. A. who B. whom C. which D. what 19. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 20. A. what B. which C. who D. whom C. 阅读理解（1篇·2小题） Have you ever heard of the Forbidden City in Beijing? It is a place that attracts millions of visitors every year. The Forbidden City was built in the 15th century. It was the home of emperors who ruled China for over 500 years. The buildings whose roofs are covered with yellow glazed tiles are the most important ones. Yellow was the color that represented the emperor. Today, the Forbidden City is a museum where people can learn about Chinese history. The reason why it is so well preserved is that it has been carefully protected. If you visit Beijing, don't miss this amazing place which shows the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. Now answer the questions below. 21. What does the yellow roof in the Forbidden City represent? A. The emperor. B. The museum. C. The visitors. D. The history. 22. Why is the Forbidden City well preserved according to the passage? A. Because it is a museum. B. Because it is carefully protected. C. Because it is very old. D. Because it is in Beijing. D. 语篇填空（定语从句综合·6题） My hometown is a small city 23 is famous for its ancient temple. The temple 24 was built in the Tang Dynasty attracts many tourists. The guide 25 showed us around was very knowledgeable. He told us the stories 26 are passed down from generation to generation. The reason 27 people come from far away is to see the rare murals. I will never forget the day 28 I visited this place. 23. _____________ 24. _____________ 25. _____________ 26. _____________ 27. _____________ 28. _____________ E. 短文改错（4处错误） I have a friend which is from Canada. He told me about the city where he was born. It is a beautiful place which people are very friendly. The house which he grew up in was very old. The reason why he left his hometown is because he wanted to study in China. I hope to visit the city where he comes from someday. 29. _____________ 30. _____________ 31. _____________ 32. _____________ F. 2026命题预测·押题练（4题） 33. The museum ______ we will visit next week is famous for its ancient art. A. where B. which C. what D. when 34. — Do you know the boy ______ is playing the piano? — Yes, he is my classmate. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 35. This is the only book ______ I have read this year. A. which B. that C. what D. who 36. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the bus. A. which B. why C. where D. when 参考答案 单项选择：1-5 C B D B C 6-10 B B B D C 完形填空：11-15 B B A B C 16-20 C B A A B 阅读理解：21-22 A B 语篇填空：23. which/that 24. which/that 25. who/that 26. which/that 27. why 28. when 短文改错：29. which→who 30. which→where 31. which→where (或in which) 32. 正确 (或删除where前的he comes from) 预测押题：33-36 B B B B 三轮冲刺·教师备考锦囊 1. “三步填空法”实战演练：每次遇到定语从句题，都让学生按“找先行词→析从句→选关系”三步走，形成条件反射。课堂上用粉笔在黑板上标出每一步，强化记忆。 2. “where vs which”专项对比：设计一组句子，让学生判断用where还是which。例如：This is the factory ____ I visited. (缺宾语 → which) / This is the factory ____ I worked. (缺地点状语 → where) 对比练习效果最好。 3. “that只能用”的速记口诀：“不定代词、最高级、序数词、the only，人和物都齐，that一定行。” 每天课前齐读，形成肌肉记忆。 4. “介词+which/whom”转换训练：给出十几个简单句，让学生改写成定语从句。比如：The girl is my sister. I talked to her. → The girl (whom) I talked to is my sister. → The girl to whom I talked is my sister. 从简到繁，逐步提升。 5. 错题归因卡片：让学生把错题按类型（关系代词混淆、关系副词误用、that/which特殊用法、介词+关系代词）分类，做成小卡片，考前反复看。 6. 最后叮嘱：考前一周，把定语从句的错题本拿出来，只做错题，每题写出选择理由。不讲量，只讲透。 冲刺寄语：定语从句是中考英语的“分水岭”，掌握它，你的阅读理解会更顺畅，书面表达会更高级。愿你和你的学生都能在最后关头，把这道坎踩成得分点！ 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $