UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(人教版)
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教辅
摘要:
本讲义聚焦高中英语省略句核心知识点,系统梳理简单句(主语、宾语等省略)、并列句(重复成分省略)、复合句(状语/定语/宾语从句省略)及其他情况(不定式、so/not、介词省略),通过“先感悟实例-发现规律-归纳用法-实践运用”的学习支架,构建从感知到应用的完整学习脉络。
该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为指导,融入教材典句与高考真题(如2024新课标Ⅰ卷例句),提升语言能力。通过“善归纳”环节培养思维品质,“运用练”巩固学习能力。课中辅助教师系统教学,课后借助基础题型与改写练习帮助学生查漏补缺,强化知识应用。
内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
省 略
After breakfast, Mom was doing housework in the kitchen.She talked to Tom while washing① bowls and plates.She said to Tom, “Dear son, look out for cars when crossing② the street.” Tom usually said to his mom, “See you③, Mom.”However, this time, she heard nothing.Tom hurriedly left home as if anxious④.She considered Tom rude this time, but she didn’t know why⑤.She thought she would make Tom realise⑥ his wrong doings when he came back from school.
1.加黑处①②④为状语从句的省略;
2.加黑处③为简单句的省略;
3.加黑处⑤为宾语从句的省略;
4.加黑处⑥为动词不定式的省略。
——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观
一、省略的定义
省略是一种为了避免重复、保持句子简洁而将一个或几个句子成分省略掉的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,在一定的语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥实际功能的句子就是省略句。
二、简单句中的省略
【先感悟】
①(You) Join us in our efforts to protect our environment.
②(It) Doesn’t matter.
③He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid).
④(You come) This way, please.
【会发现】
(1)句①②中省略了 ;
(2)句③中省略了 ;
(3)句④中省略了 。
【善归纳】
1.省略主语
一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,常常省略主语,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语;
2.省略宾语
当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常常省略宾语;
3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)
在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
【运用练】 用省略句完成句子
① , or you will get punished.
遵守规则,否则你会受到惩罚。
② !
多美的景色啊!
③ about the plan?
对这个计划有什么想法吗?
三、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。
【先感悟】
①(教材典句) This district used to be a poor area of town, but (this district) is now a centre for art, music, and food.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I ran like crazy through the airport building and (I) jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
③When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.
④My brother likes sports and I (like) music.
⑤They tried their best but (they tried) in vain.
【会发现】
(1)句①②中省略了共同的 ;
(2)句③④中省略了共同的 ;
(3)句⑤中省略了共同的 。
【善归纳】
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。
4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。
【运用练】 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①He gave up drinking several months ago, but he returned to his old way later.
②Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.
③His claim made me happy, but his claim made Jim angry.
④He has a knowledge of China but his friend doesn’t have a knowledge of China.
四、复合句中的省略
【先感悟】
①While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
②My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit (that) we had ever eaten.
③They said (that) the meeting was very important and that we mustn’t be late.
【会发现】
(1)句①中省略了从句中的 和 ;
(2)句②中省略了在定语从句中作 的关系代词that;
(3)句③中省略了引导 从句的第一个that,第二个that不可省略。
【善归纳】
1.状语从句中的省略
状语从句的主语跟主句的主语相同或从句主语是it且从句谓语中含有be动词时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
2.定语从句中的省略
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时,可以省略关系代词。
3.宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略;
(2)when、where、how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
【运用练】 用省略句完成句子
①More importantly, there are teachers online .
更重要的是,你可以向网上的老师寻求帮助。
②The new technology has been changing the way .
新技术一直在改变我们的生活方式。
③ , don’t forget to look at the traffic lights.
骑自行车时,别忘了看交通信号灯。
④He said and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。
五、其他情况的省略
【先感悟】
①You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question).
②We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
③—Can you finish your work today?
—I think so.
④The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
【会发现】
(1)句①中省略了和主句中相同的成分,仅保留 ;
(2)句②中感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为 时要还原to;
(3)句③中的so代替 ;
(4)句④中省略了 。
【善归纳】
1.动词不定式的省略
(1)当动词不定式在形容词afraid、anxious、eager、glad、happy、ready、willing等后面作状语时, to后面的内容常省略;
(2)某些使役动词,如make、let、have等和感官动词,如see、watch、notice、observe、hear等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to,但这些动词若用于被动语态,则不省略to;
(3)并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to,但若两个动词不定式之间表示对比关系时,则不能省略to;
(4)当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常常可以省略to后面的内容,常见的动词有agree、afford、expect、forget、hope、know、manage、pretend、remember、refuse、want、wish、would like等;如果不定式中含有be或完成式,通常保留be或have;
(5)介词but(除了)、 except (除了) 前面有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的动词不定式省略to;
(6)当动词不定式作某些复合谓语时,如be going to、 be able to、 have to、 ought to、 used to等,可以只保留不定式符号to。
2.使用so、not等时的省略
可以用so、 not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
3.介词的省略
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后面的动名词。常见的结构有:
①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
②be busy (in) doing sth
③spend some time (in) doing sth
④stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth
【运用练】 用省略句完成句子
①I told him .
我告诉他坐下来等一会儿。
②The only thing you have to do is .
你唯一要做的事情是按按钮。
③She wants to come but her .
她想来,可是她父母不允许。
④I’m sorry to learn that you are .
我很遗憾地得知你在适应新环境方面有困难。
Ⅰ.基础题型练
1.The man was noticed (enter) the classroom.
2.Kids today have fewer chances to experience nature with their parents and (adventure) outside alone.
3.To my relief, I had my father (repair) my bike yesterday.
4.You can’t imagine what difficulty we had (walk) home in the snowstorm.
5.Are you too old for fairy tales? If you think , Copenhagen is sure to change your mind.
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句
1.She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as if .
2.When he was in America, he made many friends with students from different countries.
→ , he made many friends with students from different countries.
3.You must look both ways before you cross the road.
→ before you cross the road.
◇fold vt.包;裹;折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平
教材原句 I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too.
我真的很喜欢那本折纸书,并且我的儿子也喜欢那本折纸书。
【用法】
(1)fold (up) 折叠;对折
with one’s arms folded 双臂交叉(抱在胸前)
fold one’s hands 双手交叉(或合拢)
(2)unfold v. (使)展开;打开
(3)folding adj. 可折叠的;折叠式的
【佳句】 The teacher told Ralphie to sit down.The boy did so, and folded his hands in his lap for a minute or two. (动作描写)
老师叫拉尔菲坐下。男孩照做了,双手交叉放在腿上,有一两分钟的时间。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I finished my coffee, (fold) my newspaper and stood up.
②As the story (fold), we learn more about Max’s childhood.
【写美】 完成句子
③The policeman stood next to him, , staring ahead at the windows of the train.(with的复合结构)
警察站在他身边,双臂交叉,向前凝视着火车窗口。
提示:完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ
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Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
二、会发现 (1)主语 (2)谓语和宾语 (3)主语和谓语
运用练 ①Obey the rules ②What a beautiful sight
③Got any idea
三、会发现 (1)主语 (2)谓语 (3)主语和谓语
运用练 ①省略第二个he ②省略第二个must have been ③省略his claim ④省略have a knowledge of China
四、会发现 (1)主语 was (2)宾语 (3)宾语
运用练 ①(whom) you can turn to for help ②(that/in which) we live ③While (you are) cycling ④(that) the text was very important
五、会发现 (1)不定式符号to (2)被动语态 (3)I can finish my work today (4)介词from
运用练 ①to sit down and (to) wait for a moment
②(to) press the button ③parents won’t allow her to (come)
④having trouble (in) getting used to the new surroundings
【随堂检测·要过关】
Ⅰ.1.to enter 2.(to) adventure 3.repair 4.walking 5.so
Ⅱ.1.waiting for someone 2.When in America
3.Look both ways
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①folded ②unfolds ③with his arms folded
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