UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(人教版)

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摘要:

本讲义聚焦高中英语省略句核心知识点,系统梳理简单句(主语、宾语等省略)、并列句(重复成分省略)、复合句(状语/定语/宾语从句省略)及其他情况(不定式、so/not、介词省略),通过“先感悟实例-发现规律-归纳用法-实践运用”的学习支架,构建从感知到应用的完整学习脉络。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为指导,融入教材典句与高考真题(如2024新课标Ⅰ卷例句),提升语言能力。通过“善归纳”环节培养思维品质,“运用练”巩固学习能力。课中辅助教师系统教学,课后借助基础题型与改写练习帮助学生查漏补缺,强化知识应用。

内容正文:

Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures 省 略   After breakfast, Mom was doing housework in the kitchen.She talked to Tom while washing① bowls and plates.She said to Tom, “Dear son, look out for cars when crossing② the street.” Tom usually said to his mom, “See you③, Mom.”However, this time, she heard nothing.Tom hurriedly left home as if anxious④.She considered Tom rude this time, but she didn’t know why⑤.She thought she would make Tom realise⑥ his wrong doings when he came back from school. 1.加黑处①②④为状语从句的省略; 2.加黑处③为简单句的省略; 3.加黑处⑤为宾语从句的省略; 4.加黑处⑥为动词不定式的省略。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、省略的定义   省略是一种为了避免重复、保持句子简洁而将一个或几个句子成分省略掉的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,在一定的语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥实际功能的句子就是省略句。 二、简单句中的省略 【先感悟】 ①(You) Join us in our efforts to protect our environment. ②(It) Doesn’t matter. ③He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid). ④(You come) This way, please. 【会发现】 (1)句①②中省略了     ; (2)句③中省略了      ; (3)句④中省略了      。 【善归纳】 1.省略主语 一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,常常省略主语,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语; 2.省略宾语 当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常常省略宾语; 3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分) 在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 【运用练】 用省略句完成句子 ①          , or you will get punished. 遵守规则,否则你会受到惩罚。 ②                ! 多美的景色啊! ③           about the plan? 对这个计划有什么想法吗? 三、并列句中的省略   在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。 【先感悟】 ①(教材典句) This district used to be a poor area of town, but (this district) is now a centre for art, music, and food. ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I ran like crazy through the airport building and (I) jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. ③When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. ④My brother likes sports and I (like) music. ⑤They tried their best but (they tried) in vain. 【会发现】 (1)句①②中省略了共同的     ; (2)句③④中省略了共同的     ; (3)句⑤中省略了共同的      。 【善归纳】 1.省略共同的主语或宾语。 2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。 4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。 【运用练】 写出下列句中可以省略的部分 ①He gave up drinking several months ago, but he returned to his old way later.         ②Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.         ③His claim made me happy, but his claim made Jim angry.         ④He has a knowledge of China but his friend doesn’t have a knowledge of China.         四、复合句中的省略 【先感悟】 ①While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. ②My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit (that) we had ever eaten. ③They said (that) the meeting was very important and that we mustn’t be late. 【会发现】 (1)句①中省略了从句中的      和      ; (2)句②中省略了在定语从句中作    的关系代词that; (3)句③中省略了引导    从句的第一个that,第二个that不可省略。 【善归纳】 1.状语从句中的省略 状语从句的主语跟主句的主语相同或从句主语是it且从句谓语中含有be动词时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 2.定语从句中的省略 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时,可以省略关系代词。 3.宾语从句中的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略; (2)when、where、how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 【运用练】 用省略句完成句子 ①More importantly, there are teachers online                . 更重要的是,你可以向网上的老师寻求帮助。 ②The new technology has been changing the way            . 新技术一直在改变我们的生活方式。 ③            , don’t forget to look at the traffic lights. 骑自行车时,别忘了看交通信号灯。 ④He said               and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。 五、其他情况的省略 【先感悟】 ①You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question). ②We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. →She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态) ③—Can you finish your work today? —I think so. ④The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 【会发现】 (1)句①中省略了和主句中相同的成分,仅保留       ; (2)句②中感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为      时要还原to; (3)句③中的so代替                  ; (4)句④中省略了      。 【善归纳】 1.动词不定式的省略 (1)当动词不定式在形容词afraid、anxious、eager、glad、happy、ready、willing等后面作状语时, to后面的内容常省略; (2)某些使役动词,如make、let、have等和感官动词,如see、watch、notice、observe、hear等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to,但这些动词若用于被动语态,则不省略to; (3)并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to,但若两个动词不定式之间表示对比关系时,则不能省略to; (4)当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常常可以省略to后面的内容,常见的动词有agree、afford、expect、forget、hope、know、manage、pretend、remember、refuse、want、wish、would like等;如果不定式中含有be或完成式,通常保留be或have; (5)介词but(除了)、 except (除了) 前面有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的动词不定式省略to; (6)当动词不定式作某些复合谓语时,如be going to、 be able to、 have to、 ought to、 used to等,可以只保留不定式符号to。 2.使用so、not等时的省略 可以用so、 not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 3.介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后面的动名词。常见的结构有: ①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth ②be busy (in) doing sth ③spend some time (in) doing sth ④stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth 【运用练】 用省略句完成句子 ①I told him                         . 我告诉他坐下来等一会儿。 ②The only thing you have to do is             . 你唯一要做的事情是按按钮。 ③She wants to come but her                   . 她想来,可是她父母不允许。 ④I’m sorry to learn that you are                      . 我很遗憾地得知你在适应新环境方面有困难。 Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.The man was noticed         (enter) the classroom. 2.Kids today have fewer chances to experience nature with their parents and         (adventure) outside alone. 3.To my relief, I had my father       (repair) my bike yesterday. 4.You can’t imagine what difficulty we had     (walk) home in the snowstorm. 5.Are you too old for fairy tales? If you think       , Copenhagen is sure to change your mind. Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句 1.She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. →She stood at the gate as if             . 2.When he was in America, he made many friends with students from different countries. →        , he made many friends with students from different countries. 3.You must look both ways before you cross the road. →          before you cross the road. ◇fold vt.包;裹;折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平 教材原句 I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too. 我真的很喜欢那本折纸书,并且我的儿子也喜欢那本折纸书。 【用法】 (1)fold (up)      折叠;对折 with one’s arms folded 双臂交叉(抱在胸前) fold one’s hands 双手交叉(或合拢) (2)unfold v. (使)展开;打开 (3)folding adj. 可折叠的;折叠式的 【佳句】 The teacher told Ralphie to sit down.The boy did so, and folded his hands in his lap for a minute or two. (动作描写) 老师叫拉尔菲坐下。男孩照做了,双手交叉放在腿上,有一两分钟的时间。 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①I finished my coffee,       (fold) my newspaper and stood up. ②As the story       (fold), we learn more about Max’s childhood. 【写美】 完成句子 ③The policeman stood next to him,             , staring ahead at the windows of the train.(with的复合结构) 警察站在他身边,双臂交叉,向前凝视着火车窗口。 提示:完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ 4 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures 【重难语法·要攻克】 二、会发现 (1)主语 (2)谓语和宾语 (3)主语和谓语 运用练 ①Obey the rules ②What a beautiful sight ③Got any idea 三、会发现 (1)主语 (2)谓语 (3)主语和谓语 运用练 ①省略第二个he ②省略第二个must have been ③省略his claim ④省略have a knowledge of China 四、会发现 (1)主语 was (2)宾语 (3)宾语 运用练 ①(whom) you can turn to for help ②(that/in which) we live ③While (you are) cycling ④(that) the text was very important 五、会发现 (1)不定式符号to (2)被动语态 (3)I can finish my work today (4)介词from 运用练 ①to sit down and (to) wait for a moment ②(to) press the button ③parents won’t allow her to (come) ④having trouble (in) getting used to the new surroundings 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.to enter 2.(to) adventure 3.repair 4.walking 5.so Ⅱ.1.waiting for someone 2.When in America 3.Look both ways 【知识要点·须拾遗】 ①folded ②unfolds ③with his arms folded 4 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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