UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式作定语和状语，系统梳理其构成形式（一般式、完成式、进行式等）及句法功能，通过“先感悟例句—会发现规律—善归纳用法—运用练巩固”的学习支架，构建从形式到意义再到使用的完整知识脉络。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为核心，通过对比不定式与-ing作结果状语等设计培养思维品质，结合高考真题及分层练习提升语言能力。课中助力教师高效授课，课后学生可通过基础题型、语法填空等自主查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 动词不定式作定语和状语 　　Good afternoon， ladies and gentlemen.I’m glad to introduce this English speech contest①.As we all know， it is very important for us to master a foreign language.Taking part in an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn English②.Everyone wants to make use of the opportunity to show their best③.When we prepare for it， we can improve our ability to learn English④. 句①动词不定式作原因状语。 句②动词不定式作定语。 句③动词不定式作目的状语。 句④动词不定式作定语。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 　　动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，由“不定式符号to＋动词原形”构成。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等，还可用在复合结构中，而且有一般式、进行式、完成式和否定形式。 一、动词不定式的构成形式 【先感悟】 ①Eva decided to use the same trick to deal with the school building. （2024·1月浙江卷） ②The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. ③The boy pretended to be reading when the teacher came in. ④I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing. ⑤ The factory is reported to have been burnt down. 【会发现】 不定式有形式和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）： 形式 主动 被动 一般式 （1）　to do　 to be done 完成式 （2）　to have done　 to have been done 进行式 （3）　to be doing　 【善归纳】 1.动词不定式的一般式：动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。 2.动词不定式的进行式：动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，并且正在进行着。 3.动词不定式的完成式：动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 4.动词不定式的被动式：动词不定式的被动式只有一般式（to be done）和完成式（to have been done），完成式表示动作已完成或者先于谓语动词发生。 5.动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式需要在动词不定式前加 “not”。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①We interviewed students and professors 　to get　 （get） their advice about online courses. （2024·1月浙江卷） ②I am honoured 　to deliver　 （deliver） a speech at the opening ceremony on behalf of our school. ③The building 　to be built　 （build） next year is our new teaching building. ④The book is said to 　have been translated　 （translate） into four languages so far. ⑤When the boss came in， the workers pretended 　to be working　 （work） hard on their machines. ⑥All the students got very excited at the news that the scientist， who was reported 　to have won　 （win） the Nobel Prize， was coming to their school. 二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，可修饰名词或代词，动词不定式和它所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。动词不定式通常要放在这些被修饰词的后面。 【先感悟】 ① （教材典句）On 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. ②（教材典句）However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die. ③He has a chance to ask the teacher questions this evening. ④I’d like to express my warm welcome to you all to the Traditional Chinese Cultural Week to be held in the Arts Center. ⑤Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit. ⑥As time went by， I made an attempt to read foreign fictions， through which my English improved greatly. ⑦At last we found a small restaurant to eat at. 【会发现】 （1）句①②③⑤⑥⑦为动词不定式作定语的　主动　语态； （2）句④为动词不定式作定语的　被动　语态。 【善归纳】 1.动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，通常与该名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，常表示未发生的动作。 2.当中心词为序数词、最高级， the last， the only 等或中心词被这类词修饰时，多用动词不定式作定语。 3.有些名词也常跟动词不定式作定语，常见的有way， chance， promise， plan， desire， offer， decision， ability， warning等。 4.作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，或动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作发生的地点、使用的工具等时，动词不定式后面需有相应的介词。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine， becoming the first Chinese scientist 　to get　 （get） the prize. ②We want to get the opportunity 　to acquire　 （acquire） knowledge and make a difference to the society. ③We are not children anymore， so we have the ability 　to be　 （be） responsible for our behavior. ④Among all these activities of the Science and Technology Festival 　to be held　 （hold） next week， I highly recommend “My New Invention”. ⑤He is the only person 　to know　 （know） the truth of the accident. ⑥In the sports meet， there will be many events for you 　to join　 （join） in. 三、动词不定式作状语 不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。 【先感悟】 ① To celebrate this day， people like to set off fireworks， especially in the countryside. ② Knowing that you are interested in my travel plan， I am delighted to share with you my arrangements. ③ I hope we are lucky enough to have you here and expect to learn more with your presence and participation. ④ They were very surprised to be informed of the news. 【会发现】 （1）句①中的动词不定式To celebrate this day作　目的状语　； （2）句②的动词不定式to share作　原因状语　； （3）句③中的动词不定式to have作　结果状语　； （4）句④中的动词不定式to be informed of the news作　原因状语　。 【善归纳】 1.动词不定式可作目的状语、原因状语和结果状语。表示原因、结果时一般不置于句首。 2.动词不定式作目的状语时，可置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order或so as 组成短语。 3.动词不定式作原因状语，多见于“sb＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”结构中。 4.动词不定式作结果状语，多见于too ...to、enough to ...、only to do（表示意料之外的结果的发生）、so/such ...as to（意为“如此……以至于……”）等结构中。 名师点津 1.动词-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别 （1）不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。 Jane and Tom rushed in， followed by their neighbors， only to find Makcik lying unconscious in bed. 简和汤姆冲了进来，后面跟着他们的邻居，结果发现马克西克躺在床上不省人事。 （2）动词-ing形式作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的、必然造成的结果。 Jack has made great progress， making his parents very happy. 杰克取得了巨大的进步，让他的父母很高兴。 2.独立不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。 如：to be frank 坦率地说；to be honest 说实在的；to tell you the truth 实话告诉你；to make things worse 更糟糕的是；to sum up 总而言之；to start with 首先一点；to begin with首先。 To be frank， Miss Wang is open-minded and gets along well with us. 坦率地说，王老师思想很开放，和我们相处得很好。 【运用练】　 单句语法填空 ①Most of the students are too young 　to live　 （live） by themselves without any living experience. ②　To help　 （help） those kids who can’t receive good education in poor areas， our school held a charity sale in our playground. ③I felt lucky 　to have　 （have） such an activity， making us have a chance to become fond of reading. ④He won the first prize in the contest， 　making　 （make） his teacher proud. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） ⑤Without a second thought， Paul drove the car quickly back to the two cyclists， only 　to find　 （find） they were gone. ⑥Upon arriving at the door of his home， he was surprised 　to discover　 （discover） that it was two dogs that were greeting him. Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.（2023·全国乙卷）Four years later， she was the first African American woman 　to receive　 （receive） a medical degree. 2.Our health experts will be glad to tell you what steps you can take 　to improve　 （improve） your situation. 3.There is no doubt about China’s ability 　to deal　 （deal） with some emergencies. 4.There are many ways 　to enjoy　 （enjoy） spring bamboo shoots， from nutritious soups to fun snacks. 5.　To learn　 （learn） more about Chinese culture， Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 6.We walked miles to see him， only 　to be informed　 （inform） that he had just left for the countryside. 7.The vet was very upset 　to find　 （find） that the dog was seriously injured in the front legs. 8.My brother is the youngest one 　to be awarded　 （award） the prize. Ⅱ.语法填空 　　Hello， my dear friends！ I am greatly honoured 1.　to share　 （share） the event with you.The theme of the activity is 2.　to introduce　 （introduce） traditional Chinese culture.During this month， there will be various activities for you 3.　to experience　 （experience） the rich and colourful Chinese culture.You will have a chance 4.　to make　 （make） paper-cutting or 5.　to appreciate　 （appreciate） Chinese arts. 　　There will be some lectures for you 6.　to attend　 （attend）， which are beneficial to your understanding about China.7.　To learn　 （learn） more about China， don’t hesitate 8.　to contact　 （contact） us and be the first 9.　to sign　 （sign） up for the activity. 1.lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏 教材原句　Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity， so they need to exercise every day， which will help them stay healthy.由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。 【用法】 （1）（a） lack of ...　　缺少…… for lack of ...　　由于缺乏…… （2）lacking adj.　　缺乏的；缺少的（不用于名词前） be lacking in sth　　缺少某物 【佳句】　①There is no lack of beauty in life， but a lack of the eye to discover it. （主旨升华） 生活中不是缺少美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。 ②I determined to work hard in the hope of making up for a lack of ability. 我决心努力学习，希望能弥补能力上的不足。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①　Lacking　 （lack） the skill to communicate with others， they failed in the competition. ②Though 　lacking　 （lack） money， his parents managed to send him to university. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　For lack of confidence　， I stood on the stage with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control. 因缺少自信，我站在舞台上，低着头，双腿不受控制地颤抖。 2.beyond prep.在更远处；超出 教材原句　Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. 把人们送到其他星球，甚至是超出太阳系并不是很容易就能实现的目标。 【用法】 beyond words　　　　　　难以言喻 beyond one’s reach　　够不着 beyond expectation　　出乎意料 beyond control　　失去控制 beyond sb　　使某人无法想象 【佳句】　It is beyond belief that I won the first prize in the writing competition and I couldn’t contain my inner excitement. 难以置信的是，我在写作比赛中获得了第一名，我无法抑制内心的兴奋。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I can promise that the beauty of the park will be 　beyond　 your imagination. ②Moved 　beyond words， she swallowed a swelling lump in her throat. 【写美】　完成句子 ③I turned to my teacher for help， for 　the whole problem was beyond me　. 我向老师寻求帮助，因为我无法理解整个问题。 Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.As a senior high school student， you must make efforts 　to improve　 （improve） your communication and problem-solving skills. 2.The plant 　to be built　 （build） next year is our new solar power station. 3.I have a lot of work 　to finish　 （finish）， so I can’t go to the shopping mall with you. 4.Thousands of words are not enough 　to express　 （express） how grateful we are to you. 5.Thanks to your encouragement， I finally got the courage 　to face　 （face） the challenge. 6.With the world changing fast， we have something new 　to deal　 （deal） with all by ourselves every day. 7.Deeply moved by the story， she felt a strong desire 　to help　 （help） and care for others. 8.　To succeed　 （succeed）， we must make good preparations for the coming football match. 9.The performance had intended to please the audience and draw their attention， only 　to be greeted　 （greet） with an embarrassing silence. 10.As a matter of fact， they were very surprised 　to be informed　 （inform） of the news. 11.My friend told me he had a lot of reading tasks 　to complete　 （complete） before the end of the term. 12.She was the first woman 　to win　 （win） the gold medal in the Olympic Games. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.　To promote a healthy and active lifestyle　， you should incorporate some physical activities into your daily routine. （2024·1月浙江卷） 为了促进健康和积极的生活方式，你应该在日常生活中加入一些体育活动。 2.We came home after our holiday， 　only to find our garden neat and tidy　. 我们度假后回到家，却发现我们的花园既干净又整洁。 3.We’re to hold a meeting in half an hour.　The decision to be made at the meeting　 will influence the development of our company. 我们半小时后将要举行一个会议。会议上做出的决定将影响我们公司的发展。 4.Her next goal is to start a charity website 　to raise money for children in poor countries　. 她的下一个目标是创建一个慈善网站，为贫穷国家的儿童募捐。 5.The future is a dream which is pleasant 　to look forward to　， but what we have is now. 未来是一个值得期待的梦，但现在才是我们真正拥有的。 6.I’m 　delighted to learn that you’re keen on learning Tang poetry　， so I’d like to offer you some relevant information. 我很高兴得知你热衷于学习唐诗，所以我想为你提供一些相关的信息。 7.We should be 　brave enough to take on new challenges　 and choose our own path. 我们应该足够勇敢来接受新的挑战，选择我们自己的道路。 8.When the wind and rain stopped， I looked out of the window， 　only to see huge trees lying　 across the street and water everywhere！ 当风雨停了下来，我向窗外望去，只见大树横躺在街道上，到处都是水！ Ⅰ.完形填空 　　（2025·嘉兴高一检测）Rachel Beckwith was a 9-year-old girl from America.She had a special birthday 　1　.Instead of asking for presents， she dreamed of 　2　 $300 for “Charity： Water”， a group that helps bring clean water to people in developing countries.Rachel 　3　 to collect $220 from her family and friends， but she fell a bit short of her 　4　.She made a（n） 　5　 to her mom that she would try again next year. 　　Unfortunately， on 20 July 2011， Rachel was 　6　 in a car accident with her mom and sister.　7　 her family only suffered minor injuries， Rachel was badly hurt and was 　8　 to the hospital.Three days later， her family had to make the 　9　 decision to take her off life support. 　　After Rachel’s passing， news of her birthday wish 　10　 worldwide.People started donating to “Charity： Water” in her 　11　， and the contributions poured in.Rachel’s heart was donated to a man in California， who also supported her 　12　. 　　By the end of Rachel’s birthday campaign （活动） in September， more than $1.26 million had been gifted to clean water projects.To 　13　 Rachel’s legacy （遗产）， her family started a nonprofit called Rachel’s Wishing Well Foundation， 　14　 to spreading awareness about giving and helping others. 　　Anyone can make a big 　15　， no matter how small the contribution. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Rachel有一个特别的生日愿望，梦想着为“慈善之水”（Charity： Water）筹集300美元，后来她因意外事故去世了，但是她的生日愿望传遍了整个世界，人们为了纪念她，纷纷为“慈善之水”捐款。这告诉我们任何人都可以为世界带来很大的改变，不管贡献有多小。 1. A.party　 B.gift C.wish　 D.surprise 解析：C　根据下文Instead of asking for presents， she dreamed of 　2　 $300 for “Charity： Water”可知，梦想给一个慈善组织集资，这是Rachel的生日愿望。 2. A.borrowing　 B.raising C.having　 D.earning 解析：B　根据空后的$300 for “Charity： Water”可知，此处表示为慈善组织筹集资金。 3. A.managed　 B.planned C.decided　 D.needed 解析：A　根据空后的to collect $220 from her family and friends， but she fell a bit short of可知， Rachel设法筹集了220美元。 4. A.chances　 B.resources C.experience　 D.goal 解析：D　根据空前句可知，她已经筹集到了220美元，所以离300美元的目标还差一点。 5. A.suggestion　 B.request C.apology　 D.promise 解析：D　根据空后的that she would try again next year可知，这是Rachel向她妈妈做出的承诺。 6. A.caught　 B.frightened C.seen　 D.included 解析：A　根据空后的in a car accident可知， Rachel遭遇车祸。 7. A.While　 B.After C.Once　 D.Since 解析：A　根据空后her family only suffered minor injuries， Rachel was badly hurt and was 　8　 to the hospital.可知，虽然家人只受了轻伤，但Rachel伤势严重。 8. A.guided　 B.moved C.rushed　 D.introduced 解析：C　根据空前的Rachel was badly hurt以及常识可知， Rachel伤的很重，所以被紧急送往医院。 9. A.quick　 B.tough C.wise　 D.correct 解析：B　根据空后的decision to take her off life support可知，对于Rachel的家人来说，这是一个艰难的决定。 10. A.unfolded　 B.came C.spread　 D.appeared 解析：C　根据空后的People started donating to “Charity： Water” in her 　11　， and the contributions poured in.可知， Rachel的生日愿望，也就是为慈善组织筹集资金的消息传遍了世界。 11. A.interest　 B.favor C.power　 D.honor 解析：D　根据空前句可知，人们纷纷捐款是为了纪念Rachel，帮她圆生日愿望。in one’s honor意为“为了纪念”。 12. A.approach　 B.cause C.opinion　 D.experiment 解析：B　根据空前的who also supported her可知，这名男子支持Rachel的生日愿望，为慈善组织筹集资金的目标。 13. A.continue　 B.protect C.get　 D.keep 解析：A　根据空后句可知，她的家人创办了“Rachel的许愿井”基金会这一非营利组织，是为了传播帮助别人的意识，所以是延续了Rachel的生日愿望。 14. A.addicted　 B.limited C.used　 D.devoted 解析：D　根据空前句可知，此处应该是致力于传播给予和帮助他人的意识。devote to 意为“致力于”。 15. A.change　 B.mark C.difference　 D.leap 解析：C　根据空后的no matter how small the contribution可知，前后是让步关系，所以应是任何人都可以做出改变。make a difference意为“有作用或影响”。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　（2025·山东名校联盟高一3月校际联考）China’s Shenzhou ⅩⅨ crew recently completed the in-orbit test of a pipeline check robot at the Tiangong space station， 16.　　　　　　 （lay） a technical foundation for future space station maintenance. 　　Astronauts built a simulated （模拟的） pipeline containing straight， curved， and conical sections.They tested the robot’s movement， 17.　　　　　　 （recover） from power failures， and safety mechanisms.Authorities reported the robot moved 18.　　　　　　 （stable） through complex pipes and confirmed its ability to escape safely during emergencies — a critical feature for space robots. 　　However， the authority noted that a pipeline check robot faces numerous challenges within pipelines， like adapting to varying pipe sizes 19.　　　　　　 avoiding becoming stuck in the pipeline in unexpected situations.20.　　　　　　 （inspire） by starfish tube feet， scientists designed 21.　　　　　 combined active and passive leg-scissor mechanism for the robot.The passive legs adjust swiftly to pipe diameter changes， while the active legs control pressure against walls for steady movement.Its 22.　　　　　　 （intelligence） “brain” uses sensors to calculate its position and plan motion strategies. 　　During the test， ground teams 23.　　　　　　 （monitor） the robot’s position， current， contact force and other status data in real-time through ground support software， 24.　　　　　　 allowed them to assist astronauts in completing in-orbit operations. 　　“This test confirmed the robot’s adaptability in complex environments，” said the authority.The success provides experience 25.　　　　　　 future robot applications in space station maintenance. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了中国神舟十九号飞船的宇航员在天宫空间站完成了管道检查机器人的在轨测试，解释了操作的过程，以及这一成就为未来的空间站维护奠定了技术基础。 16.laying　此处lay与上文句子构成主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填laying。 17.recovery　作动词的宾语，用名词。故填recovery。 18.stably　修饰动词move用副词。故填stably。 19.and　adapting to varying pipe sizes和avoiding becoming stuck in the pipeline in unexpected situations是并列关系，所以用 and连接。故填and。 20.Inspired　inspire与句子主语 scientists 之间是被动关系。故填Inspired。 21.a　此处mechanism为可数名词单数，表泛指，意为“一种”。故填a。 22.intelligent　修饰名词brain用形容词。故填intelligent。 23.monitored　根据后文allowed可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填monitored。 24.which　非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语。故填which。 25.for　provide sth for sth 意为 “为…… 提供……”。故填for。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $