UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“太空探索”核心主题，通过Pre-reading问题激活背景知识，While-reading分“析架构、知细节、辨难句”三步骤梳理文本脉络，Post-reading结合思维提升与语法填空，构建“输入-理解-输出”完整学习支架。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，如难句分析提升语言理解能力，中国太空成就介绍增强家国情怀。采用任务型阅读设计，课中助力教师系统引导，课后通过词汇默写、语法练习帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking Pre-reading Before reading the text， answer the following questions. 1.Why do humans want to explore space？ 　To further human exploration and to gather knowledge of the universe.　 2.What have humans done to explore the universe？ 　①We have launched satellites， space telescopes， spacecraft and detectors （探测器）.　 　②We have used detectors to detect the moon and the Mars.　 　③We have sent astronauts to space.　 　④We have established space stations.　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 1.What is the main idea of the text？（　C　） A.Scientists want to learn the secrets of space. B.China ranks first in exploring space. C.Mankind has been exploring space despite the huge risks. D.People are prevented from exploring space because of disasters. 2.Read the text again and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　A.What people achieved in the past years. Para.2　B.Why people don’t stop exploring space despite the risks. Para.3　C.The future exploration in space. Para.4　D.Human beings always want to explore space. Para.5　E.The achievements which China has made. 答案：Paras.1－5　DABEC 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.When did people make travelling into space possible？（　C　） A.In the thirteenth century. B.In the eighteenth century. C.In the mid-20th century. D.In the twenty-first century. 2.What does “one giant leap for mankind” refer to？（　D　） A.The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched and orbited around Earth. B.Yuri Gagarin entered space on 12 April 1961. C.America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977. D.American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon on 20 July 1969. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards space exploration？（　D　） A.Unclear.　 B.Careful. C.Puzzled.　 D.Positive. 4.How does the author support the theme of the text？（　A　） A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments. C.By explaining statistical data. D.By providing research. 第三步：辨难句拆分解读 1.However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die. 句式分析： 自主翻译：　然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。　 2.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk， followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. 句式分析： 自主翻译：　此后，神舟六号和神舟七号分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。　 Post-reading 第一步：抒己见提升思维 1.What do you think of the space exploration？ 　I think it is of great benefit for us.Through further study of space， people will make full use of it in the future.　 2.What do you think of the development in China’s space exploration？ Why is China’s space industry developing so fast？ （1）　China has made great progress in space exploration， and I am proud of our country.　 （2）　It’s because of China’s rapid development of economy and science， as well as the efforts of the vast number of scientific research workers.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　People have always wanted to learn more about space and scientists work hard to find answers. 　　Before the mid-20th century， most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream.However， some scientists succeeded in making rockets 1.　that/which　 could escape Earth’s gravity.In 1957， the USSR launched the Sputnik 1 satellite into space.In 1961， Yuri Gagarin became 2.　the　 first person in the world to go into space.In 1969， Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon.Following this， many more goals 3.　were achieved　 （achieve）. 　　Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong， 4.　accidents　 （accident） can still happen.Despite the huge risks， people still believe in the importance of 5.　carrying　 （carry） on space exploration. 　　China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003， when Yang Liwei 6.　successfully　 （successful） orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Later， Shenzhou 6 and 7 were sent into space， 7.　followed　 （follow） by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon.After that， China launched the Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.More recently， the launch of the Mengtian module 8.　signalled　 （signal） the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. 　　The future of space exploration 9.　is　 （be） bright.Scientists hope future discoveries will be 10.　useful　 （use） and meaningful. SPACE： THE FINAL FRONTIER 　　“Are we alone？ What’s out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.Today， scientists design vehicles① to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.Space exploration has come a long way②， and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable③ enough to support life. 　　Before the mid-20th century， most people felt [1]travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true.However， scientists were determined to realise that dream.After many experiments， they succeeded in making rockets④ that could escape Earth’s gravity⑤.On 4 October 1957， the Sputnik 1 satellite⑥ was launched⑦ by the USSR and successfully orbited⑧around Earth.Afterwards， the USSR focused on⑨ sending people into space， and [2] on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.Over eight years later， on 20 July 1969， American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon， famously saying， “That’s one small step for [a] man， one giant⑩ leap⑪ for mankind⑫.” [3]Following this， there were many more important space achievements. For example， on 5 September 1977， America’s NASA space agency⑬ launched Voyager 1 to study deep space， and it still transmits⑭ data⑮ to this day.And the International Space Station （1998） has provided a continuous human presence in space， with astronauts from many different countries on board. 　　[1]句中travelling into space为动词-ing短语作主语。 　　[2]句中to enter space为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the first person。当名词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 　　[3]句中Following this为动词-ing短语作伴随状语，follow和句中主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。 ①vehicle n.交通工具；车辆 ②come a long way 有长足进步，有极大发展 ③suitable adj.适合的 ④rocket n.火箭；火箭弹 ⑤gravity n.重力；引力 ⑥satellite n.人造卫星；卫星 ⑦launch vt. & n.发射；发起；上市 ⑧orbit n.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 ⑨focus on专注于 ⑩giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n.巨人；巨兽；伟人 ⑪ leap n.跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 ⑫ mankind n.人类 ⑬ agency n.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处 ⑭ transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送 ⑮ data n.[pl.] 资料；数据 　　Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong， accidents can still happen.For example， all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11， Challenger， and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions.However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment⑯， the desire⑰ to explore the universe did not die.[4]This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on⑱ space exploration despite⑲ the huge risks. 　　China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US， but it has made great progress⑳in a short time.[5]China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003， when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft㉑.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk㉒， followed by the vehicle Jade㉓ Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.On 23 July 2020， China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back㉔ lots of valuable information.And from 2021 to 2022， China completed a number of rocket missions㉕ to establish㉖ its own space station.In 2022， the launch of the Mengtian module㉗ signalled㉘ the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct㉙ many important experiments， greatly furthering㉚ our understanding of the universe. 　　[4]句中 because引导表语从句，位于系动词之后，用于强调原因。 　　[5]句中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词2003。 ⑯ disappointment n.失望；沮丧 ⑰ desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 desired adj.渴望的，想要的 ⑱ carry on继续做，坚持干 ⑲ despite prep.尽管；即使 ⑳ make great progress取得巨大进步 ㉑spacecraft n.航天器；宇宙飞船 ㉒spacewalk n.太空行走；太空行走的时间 ㉓ jade n.玉；翡翠；玉器 ㉔send back 发回；传回 ㉕ mission n.使命；任务 ㉖ establish v.建立 ㉗ module n.舱；组件；模块 ㉘signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志 ㉙ conduct v.实施；进行 ㉚ further v.促进；推动；增进 　　The future of space exploration remains bright.Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. 参考译文 太空：最后的边境 　　“我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？”人们一直仰望星空，对太空充满好奇。今天，科学家设计出飞行器，将宇航员送往太空，去做重大的发现。今天，人类太空探索已经获得极大的发展，我们现在希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。 　　二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为太空旅行是一个永远无法实现的梦。然而，科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”此后，人类取得了更多的重大太空探索成就。例如，为了研究外太空，美国国家航空航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传回数据。 1998年建成的国际空间站使得人类可以持续在太空中开展工作，它搭载着来自不同国家的宇航员。 　　虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。例如，“联盟11号” “挑战者号”以及“哥伦比亚号”的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。 　　中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号宇宙飞船成功环绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。此后，神舟六号和神舟七号分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中国发射“天问一号”探索火星的表面。它于2021年2月到达火星并传回大量有价值的信息。从2021到2022年，中国完成了许多火箭发射项目，来建立自己的太空空间站。2022年，梦天实验舱的成功发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。这一现代化的空间站将允许宇航员进行很多重要的实验，极大地促进我们对宇宙的了解。 　　太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。许多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究和探索火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望能做出更多有价值的发现让我们延续生存，直到未来。 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　look up at the stars　　　　仰望星空 2.　 be suitable to do sth　　　适合做某事 3.　be determined to do sth　　　下定决心做某事 4.　focus on/upon　　　集中（注意力、精力等）于 5.　step onto the moon　　　踏上月球 6.　make sure　　　确保 7.　go wrong　　　出现问题，发生故障 8.　carry on space exploration　　　坚持太空探索 9.　despite the huge risks　　　哪怕面临巨大的风险 10. 　make great progress in a short time　　　在短时间内发展迅速 11.　send humans into space　　　将人类送入太空 12.　allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments　　　允许宇航员进行很多重要的实验 13.　 further our understanding of the universe　　　促进我们对宇宙的理解 14.　remain bright　　　仍然是光明的 15.　enable the human race to survive well　　　能让人类延续生存 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.Afterwards， the USSR focused on sending people into space， and on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin 　 became the first person in the world to enter space　. 之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。 2.However， 　while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment　， the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。 3.　This is because　 people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·济宁高一检测）One of the most beautiful sights you can encounter on vacation is in the night sky where you can see the Milky Way， planets， and shooting stars.Here is a collection of four best places to visit for an amazing stargazing （观星） vacation in the US. 　　Voyageurs National Park 　　The water-based national park is a great place to explore unique lakes.What’s more， there are hundreds of picturesque landscapes to visit.Make sure to refer to NASA’s sky calendar before your vacation， so you can increase your chances of catching sight of the Northern Lights. 　　Big Bend National Park 　　Besides beautiful nights， Big Bend offers a variety of activities including camping， hiking， as well as training programs for kids.During the day you can go boating or hike the trails （小径）， but spend your evenings viewing the starry skies. 　　Grand Canyon National Park 　　Grand Canyon National Park is a must-see spot， with the area featuring plenty of campgrounds.There is so little light pollution that the park is one of the best spots for you to stargaze.Enjoy yourself hiking， sightseeing by day， but save your evenings to watch nature’s greatest show. 　　Redwood National Park 　　Located near the coast of California， Redwood National Park is a nature lover’s dream destination.You can see the largest trees in America that are preserved in the national park.Enjoy your evenings for stargazing in this less light pollution national park. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国四个最佳的观星度假地点，包括各自的特点和活动建议。 1.What is the aim of checking out NASA’s sky calendar in Voyageurs National Park？（　　） A.To view the Northern Lights. B.To research the starry skies. C.To join in water sports. D.To discover the unique lakes. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据Voyageurs National Park部分的最后一句可知，在Voyageurs National Park查看NASA的天文日历的目的是观赏北极光。 2.Which park is highly recommended for children？（　　） A.Voyageurs National Park. B.Big Bend National Park. C.Grand Canyon National Park. D.Redwood National Park. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据Big Bend National Park部分的第一句可知，孩子们非常适合去Big Bend National Park。 3.What do Grand Canyon National Park and Redwood National Park have in common？（　　） A.They hold great nature shows. B.They have low light pollution. C.They are famous for camping. D.They offer social activities. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据Grand Canyon National Park部分的第二句以及Redwood National Park部分的最后一句可知， Grand Canyon National Park和Redwood National Park的共同之处是没有严重的光污染。 B 　　（2025·温州高一检测）On a Saturday morning last November， I got up at 5 to be at the Armory track on 168th Street in Harlem， a neighborhood in Manhattan for the girls’ 4×200 relay race （接力赛）. 　　I joined the team when I was a freshman at Abraham Lincoln High School.I hadn’t considered it until a girl came up to me and said， “You look like a good runner.Would you like to join the track team？” She thought I would make a good runner because she saw my legs and arms were built， but I was just naturally slim. 　　I was excited and surprised： “I don’t know.What do I have to do？” 　　“It is a lot of hard work and devotion.It’s not easy.” 　　She was right.My team had practice every day from 3：30 to 6 except for Fridays.When we didn’t have practice， I’d run on my own on the boardwalk.I got faster and focused.Track helped me get away from troubles： arguments with my mom， problems with schoolwork， and dramas with the kids at school.I felt calm every time I ran. 　　I got to the Armory at 7.My team was already there.We gave each other hugs and high fives.When the officials called for the relay race， I went out to the starting line.Then the gun went off.As I pounded the track， I was focusing so much on myself.I started running away from my problems.I couldn’t see anyone or anything but the finish line.Everything else was just a blur.I fought to the finish line.I wasn’t only fighting against the other teams； I was also fighting to win my battle against my stress. 　　I could feel the wind blowing against my skin.I felt like I was flying.My stress disappeared.I came in second as I passed the baton （接力棒） to my teammate. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者如何开始跑步，以及跑步给作者带来的积极改变。 4.Why did the author take up running？（　　） A.By chance.　 B.Due to stress. C.Out of interest.　 D.For weight loss. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者开始跑步是因为偶然。 5.What benefit did the author get from running？（　　） A.Having a regular lifestyle. B.Escaping from her problems. C.Doing well in schoolwork. D.Getting along well with Mom. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第五段后三句可知，跑步让作者远离她遇到的问题。 6.What does paragraph 6 mainly talk about？（　　） A.The running process. B.The team spirit. C.The training hardship. D.The race purpose. 解析：A　段落大意题。通读第六段内容可知，本段主要讲了跑步过程。 7.What can we learn form the passage？（　　） A.Every dog has its day. B.Challenges build character. C.Talent is the key to success. D.Accidents can lead to the right path. 解析：B　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第五段后四句可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何开始跑步以及跑步给作者带来的积极改变。由此可推知，这篇文章告诉我们挑战能够塑造性格。 C 　　When Dylan Sam， who just finished third grade at Public School 130 Hernando De Soto， found out that Elizabeth Street Garden was in danger of being pulled down， he was shocked. “Everyone spent time planting that garden， and it brings fresh air.If they take away fresh air， they’re taking away years from you，” said Dylan， 8.“I hope it stays.” 　　Elizabeth Street Garden is located on Elizabeth Street， between Prince and Spring Streets， in downtown Manhattan.The garden， which opened to the public nearly 20 years ago on land owned by the city， allows people to find peace in a busy neighborhood.Every year， some 200，000 visitors visit the garden. 　　But in 2019， the government announced a development project called Haven Green to use the garden’s land to build affordable housing for the elderly.Supporters of the garden tried to halt the development but with little success.Now the garden could be gone as soon as September. 　　Dylan isn’t the only one concerned about the garden.Jennifer Lee， who teaches at PS 130， said， “The garden is more than just a green space； it serves as an extension （延伸） of the classroom.With no play area at school， the garden offers a place for exploration and learning， just a 10-minute walk away.When students visit the garden， they can see plants growing firsthand.These experiences are valuable.” 　　However， supporters of the development mention the high rents in the area and the urgent need for more affordable housing as reasons why the project should move forward. 　　To solve the disagreement， Adolfo Carrión Jr.， a government official， explained that Haven Green will have publicly accessible outdoor space.“The choice was never between open space and affordable housing — Haven Green will do both， creating beautiful new green space with community art while building urgently needed， affordable housing for older adults.We try to respect everyone’s needs，” he added. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。位于曼哈顿的Elizabeth Street Garden可能即将被拆除，有一些人对此表示支持，也有一些人反对。一位官员表示，新项目将同时满足人们对公共绿色空间和住房的需求。 8.What do we know about Elizabeth Street Garden？（　　） A.It may disappear soon. B.It will move to a busy street. C.It may face money problems. D.It will be taken over by a school. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Elizabeth Street Garden was in danger of being pulled down 和第三段最后一句可知，Elizabeth Street Garden可能要消失了。 9.What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 3 mean？（　　） A.Complete.　 B.Study. C.Describe.　 D.Stop. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前后文可推知，想要保留Elizabeth Street Garden的人反对实施名为Haven Green 的房地产开发项目，所以他们应是尝试过阻止这一项目，但是失败了。 10.What can be inferred about Elizabeth Street Garden from Jennifer’s words？（　　） A.It is too far away to visit often. B.It takes up too much of students’ time. C.It plays an important role in students’ lives. D.It provides teaching space for many schools. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段中Jennifer说的话可推知，Elizabeth Street Garden在学生的生活中发挥了重要作用。 11.What does Adolfo think of Haven Green？（　　） A.It will be a win-win solution. B.It will put the needs of the elderly first. C.It will help children focus on schoolwork. D.It will be a high-end housing development. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Adolfo说的话可推知， Adolfo认为Haven Green会是一个双赢的解决方案。 D 　　（2025·湖北秋季高一联考）The Perseverance rover （探测器） has discovered signs of water on the Martian surface， appearing as dark lines that change with the seasons.Scientists tend to think that these lines are caused by short-lived flows of salty water during Mars’ warmer months when temperatures rise above the freezing point. 　　Water， necessary for life， is found wherever life exists on our planet.That there may be water on Mars， even in small amounts， raises the possibility that the planet may have supported life forms in the past or could possibly host some form of life today.This latest discovery is a major step in our journey to understand Mars and its potential （可能性） to host life. 　　The Perseverance rover is equipped with a set of scientific tools that are helping scientists in examining the Martian environment.Its top task is to search for signs of ancient life forms and to collect samples of rock and soil， which could be returned to Earth in future tasks for further study.By looking closely at the dirt and rock samples， scientists are hoping to find the basic pieces that make up life， which could give us clues about whether Mars was ever a good place for life to develop. 　　The search for water on Mars is not just about finding water； it’s about finding our place in the universe.Each discovery made by the Perseverance rover announces our innovation （创新） and our endless searching.As we stand on the edge of these discoveries， the universe seems a little less vast and more familiar.The search for water on Mars is， in fact， a search for signs of life and a reflection of our own existence among the stars. 　　As the Perseverance rover continues its exploration， we can look forward to more findings that will bring us closer to answering the age-old question： Are we alone in the universe？ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“毅力号”探测器在火星发现水迹及探索火星生命迹象的过程。 12.What possibly causes the dark lines on the Martian surface？（　　） A.The freezing point. B.Rising temperature. C.Flows of salty water. D.Movement of planets. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，造成火星表面黑色线条的可能原因是咸水流动。 13.What is one aim of the Perseverance rover？（　　） A.To map the surface of Mars. B.To find clues to life forms on Mars. C.To examine samples from Mars. D.To adapt to the environment on Mars. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，“毅力号”探测器的目标之一是找到火星上生命形式的线索。 14.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs？（　　） A.Mars offers a better home to mankind. B.The survival of mankind is under threat. C.Our exploration and innovation never end. D.The discovery allows humans to land on Mars. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句以及最后一段内容可推知，我们的探索和创新永无止境。 15.What is the best title for the text？（　　） A.Research on Mars Unfinished B.Task on Mars Completed C.Martian Life Forms Discovered D.Water Signs Found on Mars 解析：D　标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了“毅力号”探测器在火星发现水迹及探索火星生命迹象的过程。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·南昌高一检测）What will happen if you look at a solar eclipse （日食）？16.（　　）， even looking at any part of the sun’s rays through ordinary equipment， like regular sunglasses， can result in serious eye damage.Here is some information about the risks of looking at the sun and how to stay safe while observing this solar event. 　　What are the risks of looking at the sun with no eye protection？ It’s never safe to look directly at the sun.Looking at the sun for even a few seconds can cause “eclipse blindness”， a dangerous condition in which solar rays damage the eyes.17.（　　）. 　　Viewing a solar eclipse could also make your eyes uncovered when facing possibly harmful UV （紫外线的） rays.The cornea， the eye’s protective surface， can also be damaged by UV rays， which cause pain and poor eyesight.18.（　　）， as well as damage to other parts in the back of the eyes. 　　19.（　　）？ During the eclipse， special eclipse glasses must be worn.That’s because the sun’s surface is so bright that if you stare at any part of it， no matter how small， it produces enough light to permanently damage your eyes.Our eyes never developed to look at the sun without suffering severe damage.Regular sunglasses are not safe to use.20.（　　）， be sure they are made by professional companies. A.If you buy eclipse glasses B.Without specific eclipse glasses C.How can we view the solar eclipse safely D.Where can we watch the solar eclipse safely E.A professional company will help you choose sunglasses F.This can happen if you are not wearing sufficient eye protection G.UV rays even cause lasting blindness and eyeball damage 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了看日食存在的风险以及需要采取的保护措施。 16.B　根据空前句可知， 本句回答上文提出的问题，结合下文可知，通过普通的太阳镜看日食会导致眼睛损伤，说明需要特定的设备。 17.F　根据上文可知，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文。故F项符合语境。 18.G　根据语境可知，本句与上文并列， 继续说明紫外线对眼睛的伤害。 19.C　根据下文以及问号可知，本句主要是引起下文如何安全观看日食的问题， 故C项（我们怎样才能安全地观看日食）符合语境。 20.A　根据空后的be sure they are made by professional companies可知，本句是在说明购买日食眼镜的情况。A项中eclipse glasses对应下文的they。 核心词汇集释 1.determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 教材原句　However， scientists were determined to realise that dream. 然而，科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。 【用法】 （1）be determined to do sth 决定做某事（表示状态） （2）determine vt.　　查明；确定；决定 determine to do sth　　决定做某事（表示动作） determine on/upon （doing） sth　　决定（做）某事 （3）determination n.　　决心；决定 【佳句】　I cast a grateful smile to my teacher and determined to practise writing even harder than before. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） 我对老师报以感激的微笑，决心比以前更加努力地练习写作。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I have determined 　on/upon　 working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation. ②（2024·1月浙江卷） With 　determination　 （determine） and the right approach， nothing was too difficult to overcome. 【写美】　完成句子 ③It was from that moment that he 　determined to be a brave person　 like his sister. （心理描写） 从那一刻起，他就决定要做一个像他姐姐那样勇敢的人。 2.disappointment n.失望；沮丧 教材原句　However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。 【用法】 （1）to one’s disappointment 使某人感到失望的是 in disappointment　　失望地 （2）disappointed adj.　　失望的；沮丧的 be disappointed by/at/in/with ...　　对……感到失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 （3）disappoint vt.　　使失望 disappointing adj.　　令人失望的 【佳句】　He searched his room carefully， but to his disappointment， he didn’t find the presents he had hoped for.他仔细搜查了自己的房间， 但是令他失望的是，他没找到自己梦寐以求的礼物。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①　Disappointed　 （disappoint） and helpless， Jane couldn’t help crying， tears of sadness streaming down her cheeks. （心理描写） ②When he saw the grade on his test paper， a 　disappointed　 （disappoint） look crossed his face. 【写美】　完成句子 ③As the twins looked around 　in disappointment　， their father appeared. 当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。 3.carry on 继续做，坚持干 教材原句　This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。 【用法】 carry on （doing） sth　　继续（做）某事；开展某事 carry on with sth　　继续进行某事；开展某事 carry out　　实施；执行；完成；实现 carry sb through　　使某人渡过难关 【佳句】　Once you begin to do something， you must carry on with it， otherwise you will never achieve anything. 一旦你开始做某件事情，你必须坚持下去，否则你将不会有所收获。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ① Nervous and anxious， Norwood struggled to calm himself down and carried 　out　 first aid to Simmons. ②Finally， his determination carried him 　through　 tough times. 【写美】　完成句子 ③With the father’s guidance， the twins 　carried on cooking　 the Mother’s Day breakfast. 在爸爸的指导下，双胞胎继续做母亲节早餐。 4.independently adv.独立地；自立地 教材原句　China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003， when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号宇宙飞船成功环绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。 【用法】 （1）independent adj.　　　独立的；自立的 be independent of sb　　不依赖某人 （2）independence n.　　独立 gain independence from　　脱离……获得独立 （3）depend on/upon 依靠；信赖；指望；取决于 【佳句】　Now that you have grown up， you should seek to be independent of your parents and solve a series of problems independently. 既然你已经长大了，你应该寻求独立于父母，独立解决一系列问题。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The exchange program allows me to live 　independently　 （independent） away from my parents. ②You need to develop a sense of 　independence　 （independent）， because it can help you form good habits of study. 【写美】　完成句子 ③Students should aim to 　become more independent of their teachers. 学生应该致力于逐渐减少对老师的依赖。 5.signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n.信号；标志 教材原句　In 2022， the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.2022年，梦天实验舱的成功发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。 【用法】 （1）signal （to） sb to do sth　示意某人做某事 signal （sb） that　　示意（某人）…… signal ...to sb　　向某人示意…… （2）traffic signals　　　　　交通信号灯 a signal for sb to do sth　　让某人做某事的信号 【佳句】　①I ran up to the car， took him by the arm and signaled him to follow me. （动作描写） 我跑向汽车，拉住他的胳膊，示意他跟我走。 ②He signaled wildly for help， but nobody noticed. 他拼命发信号求助，但是没人注意到。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month， 　signalling　 （signal） the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. ②To ensure our safety， we should obey traffic 　signals　 （signal） and rules. 【写美】　完成句子 ③With a smile of relief， 　I signaled to him to go back to his seat　. （动作描写） 我带着如释重负的微笑，示意他回到座位上去。 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：动词不定式短语作后置定语 教材原句　Afterwards， the USSR focused on sending people into space， and on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. 之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。 【用法】 动词不定式作后置定语有以下三种情况： （1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时； （2）当中心词被形容词最高级或the next、the only等修饰时； （3）位于抽象名词ability、 chance、 anxiety、 attempt等之后时。 【品悟】　I think you should be the first to reach out a hand of friendship because it depends on you to be the icebreaker of you two. （建议信） 我认为你应该是第一个伸出友谊之手的人，因为这要靠你来打破你们之间的僵局。 【写美】　完成句子 ①Firstly， I am the first student in our class 　to study abroad　， so I have the ability 　to communicate with others　 freely in English. （申请信） 首先，我是我们班第一个出国留学的学生，因此我有能力用英语流利地和其他人交流。 ②Learning that you have achieved your ambition 　to become an astronaut　， I am writing to send my congratulations to you. （祝贺信） 得知你实现了成为宇航员的抱负，我写信向你表示祝贺。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.His overwhelming 　desire　 （渴望） to improve himself finally motivated him to join the gym and exercise every single day. 2.We have 　launched　 （发起） a series of campaigns so as to raise people’s awareness of taking exercise. 3.They are hoping to learn more about how the 　universe　 （宇宙） came into being. 4.What made me 　disappointed　 （失望） was that I wasn’t selected as captain of the School Basketball Club. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.He devoted all of his time and energy to study， 　in the hope of　 （希望） being admitted to his dream university. 2.Her bravery has given him the will to 　carry on with his life　 （继续生活） and his work. 3.A ship was leaving the harbor and we saw the people 　on board　 （在船上） waving. 4.Some of them got short sighted even at a very young age.　This is because　 （这是因为） they didn’t get a good habit of reading. Ⅰ.品句填词 1.I hope our school can invite some 　astronauts　 （宇航员） to share their experiences with us. 2.Animals are the friends of 　mankind　 （人类） and an important part of the natural ecosystem. 3.I hold the firm belief that with a willing heart and 　ongoing　 （持续存在的） efforts， I will realise my dream. 4.Walking in the nature reserve， you have a chance to see rare animals like 　giant　 （巨大的） pandas and golden monkeys. 5.The latest 　data　 （数据） put forward by the states suggested that the business was improving. 6.Young people should be independent　， and don’t take it for granted that you can depend on your parents when in trouble. 7.The expert said the chosen birds are considered to be particularly intelligent　. 8.Taking exercise is important for improving physical health.Besides， it also plays a very important role in improving mental　 health. Ⅱ.词形转换 1.It is believed that some medicine can do harm to people physically and 　mentally　 （mental）. 2.It is 　universally　 （universe） acknowledged that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all. 3.　 Determined　 （determine） to do this on my own， I spent a whole day going from door to door asking for help. 4.The 　intelligence　 （intelligent） and beauty of the daughter make her father extremely proud. 5.These disasters made everyone sad and 　disappointed　 （disappoint）， but the desire to explore the universe never died. 6.In my opinion， parents should leave their children to think 　independently　 （independent） about how to deal with the problems they encounter. 7.A man stood up， 　signalling　 （signal） that he was strongly opposed to the plan. 8.Upon hearing the 　disappointing　 （disappoint） news， the old man was very upset. Ⅲ.固定搭配和句式 1.She was the first woman astronaut 　to give　 （give） a video lecture in space while orbiting in the capsule. 2.As the train was pulling out， the boy waved his hands to his parents 　on　 board， with tears rolling down his cheeks. 3.Although she had some health problems， she carried on 　working　 （work） late into the night. 4.The people trapped in the ruins desire that the rescue team 　（should） be sent　 （send） here without delay. 5.With the intention of improving her English， 　she was determined to take part in the English speech contest at school　 （她决定参加学校的英语演讲比赛）. 6.At the China-Ireland Cultural Festival， I 　have not only broadened my horizons　 （不仅开阔了视野） but also appreciated the two splendid civilizations. 7.I have a good command of English and am easy to get along with.　That’s why I’m writing to apply for this job　 （那就是我写信申请这份工作的原因）. 8.Our teacher demands that we should exercise for an hour every day 　so as to/in order to keep healthy　（为了保持健康）. Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.board A.n.（旅馆、招待所等提供的）伙食，膳食 B.vt.登上 C.n.告示牌 D.n.（公司或其他机构的）委员会 ① I am writing to apply for the position advertised on the board. 　　C　 ②We have launched a campaign to urge the board to raise the workers’ pay and working conditions. 　　D　 ③When his family fell on hard times， he was offered free room and board. 　　A　 ④All the passengers must board the plane before 5 p.m. 　　B　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 2.Many companies consider the Internet as a new vehicle for advertising. 　n.手段　 3.Start a business using the help of your local library.If you want to have a business of your own， your local library can become a launch space for it. 　n.启动　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·临沂高一检测）Within 60 seconds of hearing a bell ring， firefighters are dressed and rushing toward a high-rise on fire.They have to head inside， knowing that floors could fall down under them and roofs could fall on their heads.One wrong decision might mean death. 　　Who would sign up for a job like that？ Ask firefighter Sam Telfer.He used to sit in a high-rise office of a software company in San Diego， California.Now he is trained to break into rooms full of blinding smoke and overwhelming heat and come up with a rescue strategy. 　　“I wanted to learn new and practical skills and have a job that varies day by day.” That’s quite an understatement to describe a career that requires you to keep a cool head while attacking a fire.But Telfer says that fires and tension can be conquered in the same way： ongoing physical and mental training. 　　Telfer was a runner in college， but nowadays he builds up his lung ability for life-threatening conditions instead of races.He might climb hundreds of steps， wearing 34 kilograms of gear （装备）， including oxygen tanks.He may carry sufferers to safety.No matter what he does， he must control his breathing. 　　His survival will depend on more than body fitness.Firefighters must have sufficient mental preparation.To respond to disasters effectively， they study a wide range of subjects such as emergency （紧急） medicine， structural （结构的） design and chemical reactions.They practice quickly judging the changing conditions of a fire.“That is why we love the job，” Telfer says.“We are continuously learning.” 　　Going from being a software specialist to a first responder was quite a transition for Telfer.Never could he have imagined the challenges he would face.But he says， “Not once have I ever felt that it was not the right job for me.” Danger might be waiting as he heads to work each day.But his body and mind are trained to stay calm， even in the roar of a great fire. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Sam Telfer曾经是一名软件专家，后来他放弃了原本的工作，去当了一名消防员。文中描述了他对这份工作的感受。 1.Why did Telfer change his job？（　　） A.He would like to challenge himself. B.He wanted to get a high-paying job. C.He had been dreaming of being a firefighter. D.He was unfit to work in a software company. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Telfer换工作是因为他想挑战自己。 2.What do firefighters need to survive the fire？（　　） A.They need strong lung ability for races. B.They need to study how to design buildings. C.They need more body health than mental preparation. D.They need mental preparation in addition to body health. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，除了身体健康，消防员还需要心理准备。 3.What can we learn about Telfer from the last paragraph？（　　） A.He regrets leaving the software company. B.He has faced many difficulties in his former job. C.He finds his job challenging but still a right choice. D.He once thought of giving up the job as a firefighter. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Telfer觉得这份工作很有挑战性，但仍然是一个正确的选择。 4.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　） A.A Firefighting Hero B.Firefighters to the Rescue C.Firefighter： A Challenging Job D.From a Software Specialist to a First Responder 解析：D　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段内容可知，Sam Telfer曾经是一名软件专家，后来他放弃了原本的工作，去当了一名消防员，文中描述了他对这份工作的感受。因此，D选项最符合文章标题。 B 　　（2025·海南高一学业水平诊断） The American space agency NASA is preparing to send a spaceship to explore more detailed information on water sources on the moon. 　　In a recent statement， NASA said the spaceship passed a series of important tests.It is now completing additional software testing designed to simulate （模拟） different elements of the trip， or mission. 　　The spaceship will use two science instruments to carry out its task.Both instruments are designed to map the moon in search of areas holding water， as well as what forms the water is in.The instruments use X-ray technology to produce highly detailed mapped images， thus allowing us to understand how surface temperature influences water， and improving our knowledge of the presence and distribution （分布） of this matter on the moon. 　　The spaceship weighs about 200 kilograms and is about 3.5 meters in length with its solar plate fully opened.The solar plate， which covers an area of about 5 square meters， is an important part.It is made up of high-efficiency solar cells that can turn sunlight into electricity with an impressive conversion rate （转换率） of over 30％.This enables the spaceship to produce about 150 watts of power. 　　The spaceship is designed to provide scientists with new information about how much movement of water molecules （分子） there is on the moon.Understanding whether water molecules move freely across the surface of the moon or are locked inside rock is also scientifically important.NASA has said its search for water on the moon is important because it is seen as a necessary resource for future exploration activities.Astronauts could turn it into drinking water， or use it to cool equipment， to create oxygen to breathe or even to drive rockets. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了NASA计划发射一艘宇宙飞船去月球探测水源的详细信息。该飞船已通过重要测试，正在进行最后的软件调试。此次任务旨在了解月球上水分子的运动情况，为未来的探索活动提供支持。 5.What is NASA’s new spaceship expected to do on the moon？（　　） A.To take detailed photographs of the moon. B.To find out how water is distributed on the moon. C.To collect temperature information on the moon. D.To study how to turn sunlight into electricity on the moon. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，其目的是找出月球上水的分布情况。 6.How does the author introduce the spaceship in paragraph 4？（　　） A.By listing numbers. B.By giving examples. C.By making comparisons. D.By explaining working rules. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者通过列数字介绍宇宙飞船。 7.Why is NASA’s search for water on the moon important according to the text？（　　） A.It can prove there is life on the moon. B.It may support future exploration activities. C.It may solve the water shortage problem on earth. D.It can help find new resources on the moon. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，它可能支持未来的探索活动。 8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？（　　） A.The Moon Will Become Humans’ Second Home B.Breaking News — There is Water on the Moon C.NASA Will Send Spaceship to Study Water on the Moon D.Great Challenge — Find Resources for Future Exploration on the Moon 解析：C　标题归纳题。根据第一段以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了NASA计划发射宇宙飞船研究月球上的水及其对未来探索活动的重要性。因此，C项为文章最佳标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·烟台高一检测）If staying optimistic （乐观的） is something you struggle with， you’re certainly not alone.Here are five ways you can frequently practice to be optimistic. 　　Be present every day 　　The majority of negative thoughts are about the past and future， which can’t be changed.To be present， you need to exactly figure out whether they are in the past， present or future and bring them back into the moment.9.（　　） 　　Give thanks 　　The thoughts of giving thanks can help improve your body functions and overall happiness.Start by writing down at least three things you’re thankful for each day.10.（　　） This practice could transform into a formal habit of recalling things you’re grateful for and writing them down. 　　Laugh out loud 　　Laughter really is fantastic medicine.Loud laughs can calm the brain’s stress center.Watch one of your favorite TV plays or even try laughter yoga.It might be a good choice to reach out to others for help to laugh out loud.11.（　　） It can help lift your mood during difficult times. 　　12.（　　） 　　Acts of kindness can increase your sense of well-being.Even something as simple as giving someone a smile can leave you both feeling happier.Challenge yourself to do at least one kind thing for someone else each day， such as buying a stranger a cup of coffee or donating to a cause that matters to you. 　　Find time to exercise 　　Exercise produces pleasurable brain chemicals and relieves bad emotions.When you participate in physical activities that bring you joy， your thinking will clear.If it’s hard to find time to get to the gym， there are many exercise videos you can follow online.13.（　　） Then you’ll likely feel more positive afterwards. A.Pay it forward. B.Acquire spiritual strength. C.Try to focus on what’s in front of you. D.The main goal is to break a sweat and do it regularly. E.It’s unavoidable to feel unhappy with ups and downs all the time. F.Doing that helps you recognise the little good things surrounding you. G.Having a positive network of friends or family can really make a difference. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了培养乐观心态的方法。 9.C　根据上文可知，上文提到了要活在当下，本句为本段最后一句，故C项（把注意力集中在面前的事情上）承接上文。 10.F　根据空前两句可知，本句承接上文，说明写下感恩事情的好处。故F项（这样做可以帮助你认识到你周围的小美好）是上文的结果。 11.G　根据语境可知，上文提到了向别人寻求帮助，推测本句是在说明寻求帮助的对象，下文提到这一做法的好处，故G项（拥有一个积极的朋友或家人网络真的会有很大的不同）符合语境。 12.A　根据下文可知，本段的主旨是通过善举来增加幸福，传递爱。故A项（传递爱）可作本段小标题。 13.D　上文提到了观看锻炼视频，推测本句说明下一步就是开始有规律地锻炼，故D项（主要目标是大汗淋漓并有规律地锻炼）符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·新乡、安阳高一3月联考）Ms McIntyre， who was 38， worked as a publisher in New York City.In 2019， doctors told her that she had a（n） 　14　 kind of cancer that is usually found in women much older than her.Though doctors treated her， her health got 　15　.But she realised she was 　16　 than some other people.She had insurance to help 　17　 her medical care.But she and her husband knew many people with cancer face 　18　 decisions because of the costs of medical care. 　　So they began 　19　 money to a group， which works to pay off the unpaid medical 　20　 of others.The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they actually cost.In other 　21　， for every $100 donated， the group can pay off $10，000 in unpaid medical bills. 　　On 12 November 2023， Ms McIntyre passed away.Mr Gregory posted a 　22　 for Ms McIntyre on her social media accounts.“If you’re reading this， I have passed away，” the post 　23　.Then the post explained， “To celebrate my life， I’ve 　24　 to buy up others’ medical debt and then 　25　 the debt.” 　　The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this 　26　.They had hoped to raise about $20，000.That would have been enough to pay off about $2 million 　27　 of medical bills.But Ms McIntyre’s post attracted a lot of attention.The donations on her web page 　28　 passed the original goal.In less than a week， the site had raised 10 times more than expected. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了麦金太尔女士在得知自己身患重病后，积极面对生活，去世后仍通过捐赠帮助他人偿还医疗债务的故事。 14. A.confusing　 B.extra C.serious　 D.obvious 解析：C　根据下文her health got 　15　及On 12 November 2023， Ms McIntyre passed away.可知，麦金太尔女士得了一种严重的癌症。 15. A.worse　 B.clearer C.further　 D.better 解析：A　根据空前的Though doctors treated her中的though表示转折可知，尽管进行了治疗，但她的健康状况却变得更糟了。 16. A.busier　 B.luckier C.poorer　 D.richer 解析：B　根据下文She had insurance to help 　17　 her medical care.可知，她有保险来支付医疗费用，所以她比其他人更幸运。 17.A.carry out　 B.look into C.pay for　 D.pay off 解析：C　根据空前的She had insurance可知，她有保险，所以可以用来支付医疗费用。 18. A.final　 B.long C.special　 D.tough 解析：D　根据空后的because of the costs of medical care可知，由于医疗费用高昂，许多癌症患者面临着艰难的决定。 19. A.calling on　 B.giving away C.bringing up　 D.comparing with 解析：B　根据下文for every $100 donated， the group can pay off $10，000 in unpaid medical bills 可知，他们向一个组织捐款。 20. A.debts　 B.products C.presents　 D.impressions 解析：A　根据下文the group can pay off $10，000 in unpaid medical bills可知，这个组织的工作是还清其他人未偿付的医疗债务。 21. A.minds　 B.inventions C.ways　 D.words 解析：D　根据空后的for every $100 donated， the group can pay off $10，000 in unpaid medical bills可知，此处是在对前文换一种说法进行解释，即换句话说。 22. A.fact　 B.message C.report　 D.story 解析：B　根据下文If you’re reading this， I have passed away可知，格雷戈里先生代替麦金太尔女士在她的社交媒体账号上发布了一条信息。 23. A.began　 B.continued C.introduced　 D.suggested 解析：A　根据空后的Then the post explained可知，此处是帖子开头的内容。 24. A.benefited　 B.arranged C.hoped　 D.forgiven 解析：B　根据空后的to buy up others’ medical debt可知，麦金太尔女士已经安排买下别人的医疗债务。 25. A.affect　 B.control C.destroy　 D.apply 解析：C　根据上文buy up others’ medical debt可知，买下别人的医疗债务后，就会免除这些债务。 26. A.chance　 B.visa C.duty　 D.purpose 解析：D　根据空前的to raise money for this及空后一句可知，他们建立页面是为了筹集资金来偿还医疗债务，即为了这个目的。 27. A.lantern　 B.help C.economy　 D.worth 解析：D　根据空前的That would have been enough to pay off about $2 million可知，200万捐款足够偿还医疗账单的价值。 28. A.exactly　 B.absolutely C.quickly　 D.commercially 解析：C　根据空后的passed the original goal.In less than a week， the site had raised 10 times more than expected.可知，捐款很快就超过了最初的目标。 6 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $