UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词-ing形式作定语和表语核心知识点，通过“感悟真实语境例句—发现用法规律—归纳语法规则—分层练习运用”的学习支架，系统梳理其作定语（前置表用途/特征、后置表动作、被动式being done）和作表语（内容对等/特征描述）的用法，结合高考真题与教材典句构建完整知识脉络。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为设计亮点，通过2024新课标卷真题例句培养语言运用能力，对比-ing形式与过去分词、不定式作定语的差异提升思维品质。练习从单句填空到语法写作，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生巩固查漏，有效提升学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 动词-ing形式作定语和表语 　　My mother is a charming① woman， and her job is selling fruit② in a local supermarket every day.There are all kinds of fruits， ranging from③ common apples and pears to imported fruits.She often brings us some fruit selling well④ to let us taste it.Though some people hold the belief that my mother’s job is boring⑤ and tiring⑥， she thinks her job is quite interesting⑦ and fulfilling⑧. 文中加蓝词都是动词-ing形式， ①③④在句中作定语， ②⑤⑥⑦⑧在句中作表语。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、动词-ing形式作定语 【先感悟】 ①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）At this moment， Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. ②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. ③（教材典句）Another example is Halloween， which slowly became an exciting festival for children， in spite of its religious origins. ④Last night， there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. ⑤The house being built here belongs to John. 【会发现】 （1）waiting是动词-ing形式作定语，说明所修饰名词hall的　用途　。 （2）growing是动词-ing形式作定语，表示“　正在增长的　”。 （3） exciting是动词-ing形式作定语，表示“　令人兴奋的，令人激动的　”。 （4）watching the opening ceremony live on TV是动词-ing短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句　who watched the opening ceremony live on TV　。 （5）being built是动词-ing形式的　被动式　。 【善归纳】 1.动词-ing形式作定语时，和被修饰词之间为逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词正在进行的动作；还表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途。 2.单个动词-ing形式作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前作前置定语；动词-ing短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 3.有些动词-ing形式已转化成形容词，表示“令人……的”。 4.如果分词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示正在进行的动作，应用动词-ing形式的被动式：being done。 名师点津 动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式作定语时的区别： ①动词-ing形式表示正在进行或习惯性的动作； The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示动作正在进行） 会上正被讨论的问题非常重要。 ②过去分词表示被动或完成意义； The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示动作已经完成） 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 ③动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示动作将要发生） 会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①A crash 　caused　 （cause） by a driverless car led to a heated argument about some advances in technology. ②Without the oceans， 　living　 （live） things would not survive， humans included. ③The students 　benefiting　 （benefit） most from college are those who take full advantage of the college’s resources. ④Professor Smith made such a 　moving　 （move） speech that it made a deep impression on the audience. ⑤The question 　being discussed　 （discuss） at present has something important to do with our daily lives. ⑥（2023·1月浙江卷）He may also book you in a 　sleeping　 （sleep） car that’s right next to the diner. ⑦The email 　being sent　 （send） by the manager now is very important and needs to be reviewed carefully. ⑧I will be studying in the new teaching building 　to be completed　 （complete） next month. 二、动词-ing形式作表语 【先感悟】 ①What worries me most is her staying up too late every night. ＝Her staying up too late every night is what worries me most. ②On 12 March， the traditional activity is planting trees. ＝On 12 March， planting trees is the traditional activity. ③His task now is decorating the newly built city hall. ＝Decorating the newly built city hall is his task now. ④Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. ⑤What should be stressed is the dragon-boat racing， which is very interesting and exciting. 【会发现】 （1） her staying up too late every night， planting trees和 decorating the newly built city hall是　动词-ing短语　作表语，此时主语和表语可以互换。 （2） interesting and encouraging和 interesting and exciting是　动词-ing短语　作表语，说明主语的特征。 【善归纳】 1.动词-ing形式作表语，具体说明主语的内容时，与主语通常是对等的关系，即主语等同于表语，两者位置可以互换。 2.动词-ing形式作表语，表示主语的性质、特征和状态时，其作用相当于形容词，主语和表语的位置不可以互换。 名师点津 感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别： 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来修饰人。 I was deeply moved by his moving words. 我被他感人的话语深深地打动了。 The situation is encouraging， which made many people encouraged. 形势很令人鼓舞，这使得很多人受到鼓舞。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①What we expect from you is 　working　 （work） hard rather than hardly working. ②Only a few people show no interest in classics， thinking they are 　boring　 （bore） and hard to understand. ③The outside world can be extremely 　challenging　 （challenge） at times， but there are plenty of chances. ④An interesting and rewarding experience is 　travelling　 （travel） along the Silk Road. ⑤John’s bad habit is 　reading　 （read） without thorough understanding. ⑥ （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）When I pushed the door open， I was 　surprised　 （surprise） to find he still laughed out loud as usual. ⑦Everybody was 　excited　 to hear the news， which was very 　exciting　.（excite） ⑧What he said at the meeting yesterday was very 　disappointing　 （disappoint）. Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.One of his weaknesses is 　telling　 （tell） lies， which is why he can’t make close friends. 2.Teachers should try to create an atmosphere 　inspiring　 （inspire） students to explore new things. 3.The media seems more 　interested　 （interest） in famous stars’ personal privacy. 4.The old building 　dating　 （date） back to the 5th century is going to be rebuilt. 5.The boy 　playing　 （play） football on the playground is my younger brother. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.　Her inspiring speech at the opening ceremony　 won the favour of the audience. 她在开幕式上振奋人心的演讲赢得了观众的赞赏。 2.On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival， the square is filled with people 　appreciating the bright moon　. 中秋节的晚上，广场上挤满了赏月的人。 3.My full-time job is 　teaching English　， which means I make a living by teaching. 我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。 4.The movie 　being shown　 today in the cinema is exciting. 今天电影院正在放映的那部电影很激动人心。 1.pleased adj.高兴的；满意的 【用法】 （1）be pleased to do sth 高兴做某事；愿意做某事 be pleased with ...　　对……高兴；对……满意 （2）pleasure n.　　高兴；快乐；满意 with pleasure　　高兴地 （3）please vt.　　使高兴；使满意 pleasant adj.　　令人满意的；令人愉快的 【佳句】　My teacher was pleased to help me with my writing and finally my writing got recognised in the writing contest. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） 我的老师很乐意在写作上帮助我，最后我的作品在写作比赛中获得了认可。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It’s my great 　pleasure　 （please） to introduce to you the paper-cutting activity held at 9 a.m.last Sunday. ②The moment the little girl saw her mother， her eyes twinkled 　with　 pleasure. 【写美】　一句多译 ③坦率地说，我对英文报Youth的所有栏目都满意。 →To be frank， I 　am pleased with all the columns　 in the English newspaper Youth.（pleased） →Frankly speaking， 　all the columns in the English newspaper Youth please me　.（please） 2.句型公式：It’s great fun doing sth做某事很有趣 教材原句　It was great fun walking along the streets， enjoying the relaxing atmosphere！ 沿着街道散步，享受着放松的氛围是一件很有趣的事情！ 【用法】 have fun （doing sth）　　　（做某事）玩得开心 for fun＝for the fun of it　　为了好玩 make fun of　　取笑 【品悟】　①It’s great fun going out for a picnic on a warm spring day. 在一个温暖的春日出去野餐是非常有趣的。 ②Like most people her age， Lucy shoots short videos just for fun/for the fun of it. 和大多数同龄人一样，露西拍摄短视频只是为了好玩。 【写美】　完成句子 ①There are a variety of theme parks in the world， 　where you can have fun　. 世界上有各种各样的主题公园，在那里你可以开心游玩。 ②My mother 　entered the local flower show just for fun　 and won the first place. 我妈妈只是为了好玩参加了当地的花展，还赢得了第一名。 Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.Families 　celebrating　 （celebrate） the Chinese New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together. 2.The house which stands at the corner is a 　waiting　 （wait） room. 3.Having failed the maths exam again， he felt very 　frustrated　 （frustrate）. 4.The houses 　being built　 （build） now are for the people from the flood-stricken area. 5.The 　sleeping　 （sleep） baby is my sister’s son， who is so lovely that we all love him. 6.To people’s surprise， the topic 　discussed　 （discuss） yesterday has drawn some experts’ attention. 7.With the development of society and economy， the number of private cars is increasing at a 　surprising　 （surprise） speed. 8.She received an e-mail the other day 　saying　 （say） her uncle was coming to visit her. 9.As you see， the situation both at home and abroad is very 　inspiring　 （inspire）. 10.The house 　belonging　 （belong） to Mr Green’s family for 50 years will be pulled down next week. 11.The football team， 　consisting　 （consist） of 20 players and 3 coaches， was set up about 3 years ago. 12.Hearing the 　frightening　 noise， the little girl had a 　frightened　 look on her face.（frighten） Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.The ancient temple 　dating back to　 the Ming Dynasty is under the protection of the local government. 这座可追溯到明代的古庙受到了当地政府的保护。 2.Her mother’s life story she told us last Sunday 　sounds very moving　. 上周日她给我们讲述的她妈妈的人生故事听起来令人十分感动。 3.My headteacher’s words 　are both interesting and encouraging　. 我班主任的话既有趣又鼓舞人心。 4.He spoke in a low voice in order not to 　wake up the sleeping child　. 为了不吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。 5.As for your last letter 　asking about my studies and life　， I’d like to share with you how I’m getting along. 至于你上一封信中询问我的学业和生活情况，我想和你分享一下我的近况。 Ⅰ.完形填空 　　（2025·烟台高一检测）One day， Violet， a single mom went to a cafe with her daughter and baby son for a birthday cake.The atmosphere was quiet， with only one customer they didn’t know.Violet noticed his 　1　 as the children chattered away.The children asked for ice cream they had never had before， but Violet gently told them she could only 　2　 a small birthday cake.The stranger was within earshot of their conversation， but she thought nothing of it. 　　After some time， the man quietly 　3　 Violet with a card.Before she knew it， the card fell into her hand.Surprised and curious， she unfolded the card.It 　4　 some money and a heartfelt message that 　5　 Violet， reading， “Treat the children to some ice cream.To the world， maybe you’re just one person， but to your children， you’re the whole world.” 　　The simple action brought tears to Violet’s eyes.She had been feeling the 　6　 of motherhood and the challenges， but this 　7　 encouragement was a reminder of her 　8　 and the difference she was making. 　　Violet learned from the cafe owner that the stranger often left money behind the 　9　 to pay for a few families’ orders.He lived a hard life but he helped other families 　10　. 　　This man’s 　11　 proved the power of kindness.Violet realised sometimes the smallest act has the most significant 　12　.She began to 　13　 acts of kindness and 　14　 love to those in need.Violet’s 　15　 with the kind stranger reminds us of the light that shines through the dark times. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。有一天，单亲妈妈维奥莱特带着女儿和儿子去一家咖啡馆买生日蛋糕，店里的顾客给了维奥莱特一张卡片，里面有一些钱和暖心的话，这让维奥莱特十分感动。维奥莱特意识到，有时最微小的举动会产生最重大的影响。 1.A.complaint　 B.comment C.presence　 D.arrival 解析：C　根据上句可知，此处指注意到顾客的存在。 2.A.cook　 B.afford C.exchange　 D.replace 解析：B　根据句中的but和only可知，孩子想吃冰淇淋，但是维奥莱特只能买得起一个小小的生日蛋糕。 3.A.watched　 B.treated C.followed　 D.approached 解析：D　根据下句可知，那人悄悄地拿着一张卡片走近维奥莱特，交给她。 4.A.contained　 B.recorded C.printed　 D.marked 解析：A　根据空后的some money and a heartfelt message可知，卡片里包含一些钱和一段打动了维奥莱特的暖心的话。 5.A.persuaded　 B.confused C.touched　 D.shocked 解析：C　根据空前的a heartfelt message可知，暖心的话打动了维奥莱特。 6.A.disappointment　 B.shame C.strength　 D.weight 解析：D　根据空后的of motherhood and the challenges可知，她一直在承受着做母亲的重担和挑战。 7.A.repeated　 B.similar C.continuous　 D.unexpected 解析：D　根据上句可知，这是一个来自陌生人的意外的鼓励。 8.A.intelligence　 B.worth C.dependence　 D.fortune 解析：B　根据上段最后一句可知，卡片提醒了她自身的价值。 9.A.gate　 B.kitchen C.counter　 D.entrance 解析：C　根据语境可知，这个陌生人经常把钱留在柜台后面，用来支付一些家庭的订单。 10.A.voluntarily　 B.naturally C.curiously　 D.gratefully 解析：A　根据空前的but表示转折可知，虽然他过着艰苦的生活，但他自愿帮助其他家庭。 11.A.honesty　 B.generosity C.pardon　 D.patience 解析：B　根据上文中的often left money以及he helped other families可知，陌生人的慷慨证明了善良的力量。 12.A.impact　 B.purpose C.reason　 D.choice 解析：A　根据空前的the smallest act has the most significant以及第三段中的encouragement was a reminder of her可知，最微小的举动会对他人产生最重大的影响。 13.A.take down　 B.refer to C.reflect upon　 D.carry out 解析：D　根据空后的acts of kindness可知，她开始做善事，把爱传递给那些需要帮助的人。 14.A.describe　 B.return C.spread　 D.explain 解析：C　根据空后的love to those in need可知，做善事是为了把爱传递给那些需要帮助的人。 15.A.appointment　 B.encounter C.discussion　 D.experiment 解析：B　根据空后的with the kind stranger可知，维奥莱特与善良的陌生人的相遇。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　（2025·滨州高一检测）Every so often， Chen Jiawen， 16.　　　　　　 31-year-old product designer at a technology company in Hangzhou， sets aside a day for herself called Unplug Day. 　　Chen 17.　　　　　　 （start） the plan as she often felt “disrupted” by technology.“18.　　　　　　 makes me uncomfortable when everyone is addicted to their phones at gatherings，” Chen said， 19.　　　　　　 （add） that absorbing herself in social media prevented her from completing 20.　　　　　　 （plan） tasks， leading to psychological burdens and distractions. 　　It’s become a common situation 21.　　　　　　 modern people might unconsciously use the time spent waiting at traffic lights to watch a short video or 22.　　　　　　 （constant） check out a trending topic upon receiving a push notification from an app. 　　Unplug Day is part of her plan to combat information overload from excessive phone use and 23.　　　　　　 （rebuild） her focus. 　　On this day， she disconnects from the digital world and focuses on real-life experiences.She wanders through the park with friends and they enjoy a meal together 24.　　　　　　 touching their phones， engaged in deep conversation.They consciously hide apps in folders that require several 25.　　　　　　 （click） to access， and turn off notifications.Throughout this day， she only connects to the Internet twice： once for navigation and once to coordinate with friends. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了31岁的陈佳雯时不时地为自己留出一天，在这一天中，她不看手机，远离电子产品，也叫作“拔掉插头日”。 16.a　空处位于单数可数名词前，所以应用不定冠词a。 17.started　此处描述的是过去的事情，故填started。 18.It　分析句子结构可知，空处应用代词，作句子的形式主语。此处指“每个人沉迷于手机”这件事。 19.adding　此处逻辑主语Chen与动词之间为主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。 20.planned　空处位于名词之前，作定语，表示被动，意为“计划好的”。 21.where　分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的关系词，且关系词在从句中作状语。 22.constantly　空处应用副词，修饰动词短语check out。 23.to rebuild　分析句子结构可知，空处与前面的to combat ... and ...并列，应用动词不定式，此处表示的是目的。 24.without　根据上文可知，此处指这一天她们没有碰手机。 without意为“没有”。 25.clicks　click为可数名词，several后应用名词复数。 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $