内容正文:
Words and Expressions
新人教选择性必修三
Unit 4
Adversity and Courage
adversity [ədˈvɜːsəti] n. 困境; 逆境
In the face of adversity面对逆境;在逆境面前
meet with/encounter adversity 遇到逆境
Overcome adversity 克服困境;战胜厄运。
Adversity Quotient (AQ) 逆境商数;逆商。
Adversity leads to prosperity 否极泰来;穷则思变;逆境是通向成功之路。
Adversity reveals genius 疾风知劲草;苦难显才华。
Sweet are the uses of adversity 塞翁失马,焉知非福;祸中有福。
adverse adj.不利的;相反的;敌对的
dilemma n.(进退两难的)窘境; 困境
adversity [ədˈvɜːsəti] n. 困境; 逆境
Adverse effect / impact 不利影响;负面影响
Adverse weather / conditions 恶劣天气;不利条件
Adverse reaction 不良反应(如药物过敏)
Adverse selection 逆向选择(经济学术语)
Adverse balance (of trade) 贸易逆差
Adverse verdict / decision 不利的判决;不利的决定
Adverse winds / currents 逆风;逆流
wage [weɪdʒ] n.工资
1. Wage 作名词 (Noun)
💰关于“工资水平”的搭配
Minimum wage 最低工资
The workers demanded a rise in the minimum wage. (工人们要求提高最低工资。)
1. wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱;
2. income 指收入、收益、所得;
3. pay 指工资、薪水;
4. salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金
wage [weɪdʒ] n.工资
1. Wage 作名词 (Noun)
💰关于“工资水平”的搭配
Living wage 最低生活工资;糊口工资。
Many employees are struggling to survive on a living wage. (许多员工靠仅够糊口的工资艰难生存。)
Basic wage 基本工资;底薪。
Your basic wage is low, but the commission is good. (你的底薪很低,但提成不错。)
wage [weɪdʒ] n.工资
1. Wage 作名词 (Noun)
💰关于“工资水平”的搭配
average wage:平均工资
The average wage in this industry has risen by 5%. (该行业的平均工资上涨了5%。)
Hourly wage 计时工资;时薪。
He earns an hourly wage of $15. (他的时薪是15美元。)
wage [weɪdʒ] n.工资
1. Wage 作名词 (Noun)
关于“工资变动”的搭配
Wage freeze 工资冻结
Wage hike / Wage increase 工资上涨;加薪。
Wage cut 减薪
freeze wages:冻结工资(停止涨薪)
例句:The government decided to freeze wages to control inflation. (政府决定冻结工资以控制通货膨胀。)
cut / reduce wages:削减工资
例句:The factory had to cut wages due to the economic crisis. (由于经济危机,工厂不得不削减工资。)
wage [weɪdʒ] n.工资
1. Wage 作名词 (Noun)
其他常见名词短语
Wage earner 靠工资为生的人;工薪阶层
Wage scale工资等级表;工资标准。
Wage gap 工资差距
earn / get / receive a wage:挣工资
例句:She earns a good wage as a software engineer. (作为一名软件工程师,她薪水不错。)
pay wages:支付工资
例句:The company pays wages every Friday. (公司每周五发工资。)
wage [weɪdʒ] n.工资
2. Wage 作动词 (Verb)
wage a trade war with China与中国开展贸易战
Wage war发动战争;进行战争。
Wage a campaign 开展运动;发起活动。
Wage a struggle / battle 进行斗争;开展战斗。
bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)] adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的
1. 核心习语 (Idioms)
A bitter pill to swallow 难以接受的事实;不得不咽下的苦果;苦涩的教训。
To the bitter end 坚持到底;死磕到底;直到最后关头。
Take the bitter with the sweet 苦乐兼受;接受顺境也要接受逆境。
bitterly adv.痛苦地
bitterness n. 苦味,悲痛
bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)] adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的
2. 形容“情感与状态” (Emotions & States),充满怨恨的”或“痛苦的”。
Bitter rivals / enemies 死对头;宿敌
Bitter disappointment 极度失望;痛心
Bitter regret 深深的懊悔
Bitter memory 痛苦的回忆
Bitter argument / dispute 激烈的争吵
a bitter experience 痛苦的经历
shed bitter tears 留下苦涩的泪
bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)] adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的
3. 形容“天气与环境” (Weather),刺骨的”、“严寒的”
Bitter cold / Bitterly cold 严寒;刺骨的寒冷。
Bitter wind 凛冽的寒风。
on a bitter cold winter morning
4. 常见名词搭配 (Noun Phrases)
Bitter taste:苦味(生理上的味觉)。
Bitter gourd / Bitter melon:苦瓜。
Bitter almonds:苦杏仁。
Bitter truth:残酷的真相。
expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n.探险;远征;探险队
1. 核心动词搭配 (Verbs + Expedition)
Go on an expedition 去探险;去远征(动作)
He decided to go on an expedition to the Amazon rainforest. (他决定去亚马逊雨林探险。)
be on/ an expedition去探险;去远征(状态)
He is currently on an expedition to the Arctic. (他目前正在去北极的探险途中。)
bitterly adv.痛苦地
bitterness n. 苦味,悲痛
expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n.探险;远征;探险队
1. 核心动词搭配 (Verbs + Expedition)
Organize / Plan/ make an expedition 组织/策划一次探险
It took them two years to organize the expedition. (他们花了两年时间来组织这次探险。)
Lead an expedition 率领探险队
Captain Scott led the expedition to the South Pole. (斯科特船长率领了这次南极探险。)
Launch / Mount an expedition 发起远征
The government plans to launch a military expedition next month. (政府计划下个月发起一次军事远征。)
Join an expedition 加入探险队
take part in an expedition 参加一支探险队
expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n.探险;远征;探险队
介词短语 (Prepositional Phrases)
Expedition to...:去……的探险
Expedition against...:针对……的征伐
Member of the expedition:探险队成员。
Forty-three members of the expedition were killed. (探险队中有43名成员丧生。)
With expedition:迅速地;敏捷地。
The mail is conveyed with expedition. (那封信被迅速地传递出去。)
endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns] n.忍耐力;耐久力
🏃 身体与运动 (Physical Context)
Muscular endurance 肌肉耐力 健身术语
Cardiovascular endurance 心血管耐力
Endurance training 耐力训练
Physical endurance 体力;身体耐力
Speed endurance 速度耐力
enduring adj.持久的
endurable adj.可忍受的
unendurable adj无法忍受的
endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns] n.忍耐力;耐久力
🧠 精神与意志 (Mental & Emotional Context)
Mental endurance 精神耐力;心理承受力
A test of endurance 对耐力的考验。
Beyond endurance / Past endurance 忍无可忍;无法忍受
endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns] n.忍耐力;耐久力
⚙️ 物体与工程 (Technical & Material Context)
Fire endurance 耐火性;耐火等级。
Heat / Cold endurance 耐热性 / 耐寒性。
Endurance limit 耐久极限;疲劳极限
Endurance race 耐力赛。
endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns] n.忍耐力;耐久力
📚 常见动词搭配 (Verb Collocations)
Build up / Improve endurance:增强耐力。
Lack endurance:缺乏耐力。
Show / Demonstrate endurance:表现出耐力。
Require endurance:需要耐力。
endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns] n.忍耐力;耐久力
💡 词源与辨析小贴士
词源记忆: 来自拉丁语 indurare(使坚硬)。所以 Endurance 的核心就是“变硬、撑住”。
Endurance vs. Stamina:
Endurance 侧重于“忍受痛苦”和“坚持到底”的能力(强调持久和抗压)。
Stamina 侧重于“精力”和“元气”,指能长时间工作而不感到疲劳的能力(强调能量储备)。
注:在日常对话中,这两个词经常互换使用,但在专业训练中区分较明显。
endure [ɪnˈdjʊər] v.忍耐;忍受
Endure doing sth.:忍受做某事(强调过程)。
Endure to do sth.:忍受做某事(强调具体动作,较少见,但语法正确)。
🛡️ 忍受与承受 (To Suffer / Tolerate)
高频名词搭配
Endure hardship / adversity 忍受艰难困苦 / 逆境。
Endure pain / suffering 承受疼痛 / 苦难。
Endure the consequences 承受后果。
Endure criticism / abuse 忍受批评 / 虐待
endure [ɪnˈdjʊər] v.忍耐;忍受
⏳ 持续与永存 (To Last / Survive)
经典固定短语
Endure the test of time 经受住时间的考验;历久弥新。
Endure for centuries / generations 延续了几个世纪 / 几代人。
⚠️ 避坑指南:Endure vs. Put up with
Endure:语气非常重。它暗示着“巨大的痛苦”或“长期的磨难”(如战争、绝症、极度贫困)。
错用: I can't endure the noise in the library. (太夸张了,好像在图书馆受刑一样)
正确: I can't stand / put up with the noise.
Put up with:语气较轻,口语常用。指“勉强忍受”日常生活中的烦心事(如噪音、坏天气、讨厌的同事)。
vigour [ˈvɪɡə(r)] n.精力;力量;活力
With renewed vigour 以焕然一新的活力;重整旗鼓
With great vigour 大力地;积极地;猛烈地
In vigour 有效的;精力充沛的
be full of vigor/energy 充满活力
vigourous adj. 精力充沛的 =energetic
vigour [ˈvɪɡə(r)] n.精力;力量;活力
🏛️ 法律与正式语境 (Formal & Legal Context)
In full vigour(法律、法规)完全有效;正在施行中。
Intellectual vigour 智力活力;思维敏捷。
📚 常见动词搭配 (Verb Collocations)
Regain / Recover vigour:恢复活力(如病愈后)。
Lose vigour:失去活力;衰退(如经济下滑、植物枯萎)。
Show / Display vigour:展现出活力。
Pursue with vigour:大力追求;坚决执行(如政策、目标)。
turn sb. down 拒绝(某人)
🔄 核心动词短语 (Phrasal Verbs)
turn down 拒绝;关小(音量/热度)
She turned down the job offer. (她拒绝了这份工作邀请。)
Turn up 出现;开大;被发现
He promised to come, but he never turned up. (他答应要来,但始终没露面。)
Turn into 变成;成为
The caterpillar eventually turns into a butterfly. (毛毛虫最终会变成蝴蝶。)
turn sb. down 拒绝(某人)
🔄 核心动词短语 (Phrasal Verbs)
Turn off 关掉;使厌烦
The boring speech turned everyone off. (那场无聊的演讲让大家都倒胃口。)
Please turn off the lights before you leave. (离开前请关灯。)
Turn on 打开;依赖;攻击
Turn over 翻转;移交;仔细考虑
He turned over the business to his son. (他把生意移交给了儿子。)
turn sb. down 拒绝(某人)
🔄 核心动词短语 (Phrasal Verbs)
turn to sb./sth.求助于某人,转向某物
You can always turn to me for help. (你随时可以向我求助。)
Turn around 转身;(使)好转、扭亏为盈。
例句: The new manager managed to turn around the company. (新经理成功让公司扭亏为盈。)
Turn away 拒绝入内;转过脸去
turn in your homework交作业
turned out 结果是;证明是;生产
It turned out to be a wonderful day. (结果那天天气特别好。)
The factory turns out 500 cars a day. (这家工厂每天生产500辆汽车。)
turn sb. down 拒绝(某人)
🤝 常用介词与副词搭配 (Prepositional Phrases)
In turn 依次;轮流;反过来/相应地。
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. (理论基于实践,又反过来服务于实践。)
By turns 轮流地;时而……时而……。
The story was by turns funny and sad. (这个故事时而好笑,时而悲伤。)
Take turns (to do sth.) 轮流(做某事)
We take turns to drive. (我们轮流开车。)
Out of turn 不按顺序;不合时宜
turn sb. down 拒绝(某人)
🤝 常用介词与副词搭配 (Prepositional Phrases)
💡 地道名词习语 (Idioms & Noun Phrases)
Turn a blind eye to 视而不见;睁一只眼闭一只眼。
The government turned a blind eye to the problem. (政府对该问题视而不见。)
Turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页;改过自新;重新开始
He decided to turn over a new leaf and study hard. (他决定改过自新,努力学习。)
Do someone a good turn 帮某人一个忙;做件好事。
A turn for the better/worse 好转 / 恶化。
turn sb. down 拒绝(某人)
📚 特殊固定句型 (Fixed Structures)
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。
例句: It's your turn to wash the dishes. (轮到你洗碗了)。
To a turn 恰到好处(常指食物烹饪)。
例句: The steak was cooked to a turn. (牛排煎得恰到好处)。
qualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] adj.符合资格;具备……的知识
Qualify as + 身份/职业 取得……的资格(强调通过考试或培训,成为某种专业人士)
He qualified as a doctor last year. (他去年取得了医生资格。)
Be qualified as + 身份/职业 被认定为……资格
She is qualified as a teacher. (她是有资格的教师。
Qualify for + 事物/权利 有资格获得……,某人能胜任
You qualify for a discount. (你有资格享受折扣。)
Be qualified for + 事物/职位 胜任……;适合……
He is well qualified for the job. (他完全能胜任这份工作。)
quality n.质量
qualify vt. 符合资格
qualification n.资格,资历
qualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] adj.符合资格;具备……的知识
qualify sb. to do 使某人有资格做,使(某人)有权做某事
This license qualifies you to drive. (这个执照让你有资格开车。
be qualified to do sth. 有资格/能力做某事
I am not qualified to comment. (我没资格评论。)
have (no) qualifications for (doing) ... (没)有(做)……的资格
have (no) qualifications to do (没)有(做)……的资格
enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj.热情的;热心的
be enthusiastic about (doing sth.) 对(做某事)热情/感兴趣
be enthusiastic for 热切希望;支持
with enthusiasm 热情地;狂热地 (作状语)
show/have enthusiasm for (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热情 表现出对(做)某事的热情
Full of enthusiasm:充满热情(作表语)
Lack of enthusiasm:缺乏热情。
enthusiastically adv.热情地
enthusiasm n.热情
enthusiast n.爱好者
assign [əˈsaɪn] vt.分派;布置;分配
🎯 核心搭配辨析 (Core Patterns)。
双宾:
assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物
The teacher assigned a lot of homework to the students. (老师给学生布置了很多作业。)
assign sb. to sth. 指派某人(做)某一项工作,指派某人去(某地/某组),把……归因于/归属于
He was assigned to the New York office. (他被派往纽约办事处。)
They assigned his failure to bad luck. (他们把他的失败归咎于运气不好。)
assignment n.分配,任务
assign [əˈsaɪn] vt.分派;布置;分配
🎯 核心搭配辨析 (Core Patterns)。
宾补:
assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
💡 近义词辨析 (Synonym Nuances)
Assign:强调权威性或规则性的硬性分配,不一定公平,但必须执行(如老师布置作业、长官指派任务)。
Allocate:侧重于资源(金钱、时间、土地)的划拨和配给,强调专款专用或比例分配。
Distribute:侧重于将整体分成若干份进行分发或散布(如分发传单、分配利润)。
Appoint:侧重于官方任命某人的职位(如任命经理、部长),通常不经过选举。
envy [ˈenvi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌
🎯 核心搭配辨析 (Core Patterns)
envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某事
I envy you your chance to study abroad. (我羡慕你有出国留学的机会。)
envy sb. for sth. 因某事羡慕某人
I envy you for having such a supportive family. (我羡慕你有这么支持你的家庭。)
envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕某人做某事
He envied her working from home. (他羡慕她在家办公。)
envious adj. 嫉妒的
enviously adj. 嫉妒地
envy [ˈenvi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌
🎯 核心搭配辨析 (Core Patterns)
be the envy of 是……羡慕的对象
Their new car is the envy of the entire neighborhood. (他们的新车是整个社区羡慕的对象。)
feel envy at / of 对……感到嫉妒/羡慕
He felt a pang of envy at her success. (看到她的成功,他感到一阵嫉妒的刺痛。)
be envious of 羡慕
七宗罪:anger嗔/pride傲/greed贪心/gluttony贪吃/sloth懒散/envy嫉妒/lust欲
envy [ˈenvi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌
🌿 常用习语与修饰 (Idioms & Modifiers)
Green with envy:非常嫉妒;眼红。
Lost in envy:非常嫉妒;陷入嫉妒中。
Bitter envy:痛苦的嫉妒;强烈的嫉妒。
Out of envy:出于嫉妒;因为忌妒。
She spread rumors about him out of envy. (她出于嫉妒散布关于他的谣言。)
With envy:羡慕地;嫉妒地。
They looked at her diamond ring with envy. (他们羡慕地看着她的钻戒。)
envy [ˈenvi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌
💡 易混词辨析 (Envy vs. Jealousy)
Envy (羡慕/忌妒):
核心含义:指“想要别人拥有的东西”。通常是两个人之间的关系(我 vs. 你)。
情感色彩:可以是中性的(羡慕),也可以是负面的(眼红)。
例句: I envy your piano skills. (我羡慕你的钢琴技艺——我也想要这个技能。)
envious adj. 嫉妒的
enviously adj. 嫉妒地
envy [ˈenvi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌
💡 易混词辨析 (Envy vs. Jealousy)
Jealousy (嫉妒/吃醋):
核心含义:指“害怕失去自己拥有的东西”或“怨恨别人抢走了本该属于自己的东西”。通常涉及三个人(我 vs. 你 vs. 他)。
情感色彩:通常带有更强的敌意、占有欲和不安全感。
例句: He is jealous of his brother because his parents love the brother more. (他嫉妒他的哥哥,因为父母更爱哥哥——他觉得爱被抢走了。)
crush [krʌʃ] vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群
❤️ 核心情感类短语(最常用)
have a crush on sb.(短暂的)迷恋某人(不熟识的人)
I have a huge crush on him.(我超级迷恋他。)
She had a crush on her English teacher.(她曾暗恋她的英语老师。)
get a crush on sb.喜欢上某人;对某人产生好感(侧重于“产生”这种心动的瞬间或过程。)
He got a crush on the new neighbor.(他喜欢上了新邻居。)
crushing adj.毁坏性的
crushed adj.被压碎的
crush [krʌʃ] vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群
💥 动作与物理类短语(本义)
crush into 挤入;塞进。
They crushed into the crowded elevator.(他们挤进了拥挤的电梯。)
be crushed against 被挤在……上;紧贴着……。
We were crushed against the stage.(我们被挤得紧挨着舞台。)
crush to death 压死
Two people were crushed to death by the falling rocks.(两人被落石压死。)
crush [krʌʃ] vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群
📉 抽象与比喻类短语
1. crush one's mood 破坏某人的好心情。
The bad news totally crushed my mood.(这个坏消息彻底毁了我的心情。)
2. be crushed by 被……击垮;因……而极度伤心/震惊。
He was crushed by the news of the accident.(事故的消息让他备受打击。)
3. crush a rebellion / protest 镇压叛乱/抗议。
sink [sɪŋk] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池
🧠 核心思维与领悟类短语
1. sink in 被完全理解;被深刻领会;渗入。听进去”或“反应过来”
It took a while for the bad news to sink in.(过了好一会儿,大家才反应过来这个坏消息。)
Let that sink in for a moment.(你仔细琢磨一下这句话/让这句话沉淀一下。)
sink [sɪŋk] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池
🧠 核心思维与领悟类短语
2. sink into 陷入(某种状态);沉入。
Don't sink into despair.(不要陷入绝望之中。)
He sank into a comfortable chair.(他瘫坐在舒适的椅子里。)
The child sank into a deep sleep.(孩子沉睡了。)
sink [sɪŋk] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池
📉 动作与状态类短语
1. sink or swim 成败全靠自己;孤注一掷;自主沉浮。
2. sink back 向后靠;退下
3. sink to / sink down 下降到;跌倒;降低。
4. sink below 落到……之下。
sink [sɪŋk] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Sink vs. Drown
虽然都和“水”有关,但意思完全不同:
Sink (下沉):
指物体(如石头、船)沉入水底。
例句:The ship sank.(船沉了。)
Drown (溺亡):
指人或动物因无法呼吸而淹死。
例句:He drowned in the river.(他在河里淹死了。)
注意:不要说 "He sank in the river" 来表达他淹死了,除非你只是想说他沉到了水底(可能还活着)。
abandon [əˈbændən] vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n. 放任;放纵
💖 情感与状态类短语(高频)
abandon oneself to 沉溺/纵情于,放纵自己于……。
He abandoned himself to grief after his mother died.(母亲去世后,他陷入了深深的悲痛之中。)
Don't abandon yourself to despair.(不要自暴自弃/陷入绝望。)
be abandoned to 沉溺于
with abandon 放纵地
They danced with wild abandon.(他们尽情地狂舞。)
He spends money with careless abandon.(他花钱大手大脚,毫不在意。)
abandon [əˈbændən] vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n. 放任;放纵
🚨 动作与行为类短语(核心)
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
abandon ship 弃船;(比喻)放弃即将失败的事业/计划。
The captain gave the order to abandon ship.(船长下令弃船。)
Investors are starting to abandon ship.(投资者们开始撤资/退出这个烂摊子了。)
belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. [pl.]财物;动产
🔑 核心固定短语
1. belong to 属于某人(归……所有):指物品的主人。(无被动)
personal belongings 个人财物
a sense of belonging 归属感
同类表达:
savings 积蓄/ earnings 工资/leavings 剩饭/surroundings 环境/remains 剩余物,残留物,遗迹,遗体
belong vi.属于
belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. [pl.]财物;动产
2. belong with
含义:
应与……在一起:指人或物应该和某人/某物待在一块。
与……配套:指属于同一套东西。
情感归属:强调情感上的契合(如泰勒·斯威夫特的歌名 You Belong With Me)。
A child belongs with its mother.(孩子应该和母亲在一起。)
This book belongs with the others in the series.(这本书应该和该系列的其他书放在一起/配套。)
You belong with me.(你应该和我在一起/你是我的。)
belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. [pl.]财物;动产
belong in / on / under 应在……地方;应归入。
These boots belong in the closet.(这些靴子应该放在壁橱里。)
That painting belongs on the wall.(那幅画应该挂在墙上。)
You don't belong here.(你不属于这里/这里不适合你。)
belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. [pl.]财物;动产
personal belongings 个人财物
a sense of belonging 归属感
同类表达:
savings 积蓄/ earnings 工资/leavings 剩饭/surroundings 环境/remains 剩余物,残留物,遗迹,遗体
belong vi.属于
perseverance [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
🔑 核心固定短语
1. persevere in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上坚持不懈。
He persevered in pursuing his passion for painting.(他坚持追求他对绘画的热情。)
2. persevere with sth./sb.坚持做某事(尤指困难的事);
If you persevere with this project, you will eventually succeed.(如果你坚持这个项目,你最终会成功的。)
3. persevere through sth.坚持度过(困难时期)。
They persevered through the financial crisis and came out stronger.(他们坚持度过了金融危机,变得更加坚强。)
persevere vi. 坚持;孜孜以求
perseverance [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
🔑 核心固定短语
4. persevere against sth. 坚持与(困难、挑战)作斗争。
The team persevered against all odds and won the championship.(尽管面临重重困难,这个团队坚持斗争并赢得了冠军。)
persevere to the end 坚持到底
He persevered to the end.
persevere at sth. 在某事上坚持
He persevered at his job.
perseverance [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Persevere vs. Persist
Persevere:
侧重于“面对困难时的不懈努力”。
这是一个褒义词,强调在遭遇挫折、痛苦或长期挑战时,依然保持信念和决心,通常指为了一个好的目标。
例句:She persevered in her attempt to obtain funding.(她坚持不懈地争取资金。)
perseverance [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Persevere vs. Persist
Persist:
侧重于“持续存在”或“固执己见”。
它可以是褒义(坚持不懈),但更常用于贬义,指不听劝告、顽固地坚持某种行为或状态。
例句:He persisted in his refusal to admit responsibility.(他坚持不承认负有责任。)
perseverance [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
with perseverance adv. 坚持不懈地
persevere in/with one’s study 坚持不懈地学习
show great perseverance in the face of adversities
面对逆境表现出极大毅力
resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定
🎯 核心固定短语
1. make a resolution 下定决心;作出决议
He made a resolution to give up smoking.(他下定决心要戒烟。)
The committee made a resolution on the new policy.(委员会就新政策作出了决议。)
resolve vi. &vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念
resolute adj.坚决的;果断的
resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定
🎯 核心固定短语
2. pass/adopt a resolution 通过一项决议。
The UN Security Council passed a resolution calling for peace.(联合国安理会通过了一项呼吁和平的决议。)
with resolution 坚决地;果断地
He acted with resolution.
resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定
🎯 核心动词短语(解决问题与决定)
resolve a problem / issue / conflict 解决问题/消除分歧/化解冲突。
We need to resolve this conflict peacefully.(我们需要和平解决这场冲突。)
Have you resolved the problem of transport yet?(你们解决交通问题了吗?)
resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定
🎯 核心动词短语(解决问题与决定)
resolve to do sth. 决心做某事
She resolved to study harder next term.(她下定决心下学期更加努力学习。)
He resolved that he would never smoke again.(他决心再也不吸烟了。)
resolve into 分解为;转变为
The mixture will resolve into two simple substances.(这种混合物会分解成两种简单的物质。)
The argument resolved itself into a debate.(争论演变成了一场辩论。)
resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定
💪 核心名词短语(坚定的决心)
strengthen one’s resolve 坚定了决心
The difficulties only strengthened her resolve to succeed.(困难反而坚定了她成功的决心。)
weaken / shake one's resolve 动摇某人的决心
Nothing could shake his resolve to leave.(什么也不能动摇他离开的决心。)
with firm resolve 以坚定的决心。(作为状语短语,修饰动作。)
He faced the challenge with firm resolve.(他以坚定的决心面对挑战。)
furniture [ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)] n.家具
🔑 核心固定短语
furnish sb with sth 向某人提供某物。
The police furnished him with the details of the case.(警方向他提供了案件的细节。)
be furnished with 配备着...
The apartment is fully furnished with modern appliances.(这套公寓配有全套现代化电器。)
fully / well / sparsely furnished 家具齐全 / 布置得很好 / 陈设简陋。
a piece / an item of furniture 一件家具
a set of furniture 一套家具
furnish vt.布置,装备(家私)
guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] n.指导;引导;导航
🔑 核心固定短语
under the guidance of... 在...的指引下
All activities take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.(所有活动都在经验丰富的导师指导下进行。)
under sb.’s guidance 在某人的指导下
without the guidance of sb. 没有某人的指导
give / offer / provide guidance 给予/提供指导
The website offers guidance to employers on employment law.(该网站为雇主提供有关劳动法的指导。)
guide vt. 指导,影响(某人的行为);指导 n. 指南,手册,向导
guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] n.指导;引导;导航
🔑 核心固定短语
seek / ask for guidance 寻求指导;请求指引。
Students should ask for guidance when they have problems.(学生遇到问题时应寻求指导。)
guided tour 有导游的旅行
parental guidance 家长指引
provide guidance 提供指导
personal guidance 亲自指导
guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] n.指导;引导;导航
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Guidance vs. Direction vs. Instruction
Guidance:
侧重于“引导”和“建议”。
强调为他人指明方向,帮助其做出决定,但不一定涉及具体的命令。它更温和,更具辅助性。
例句:We need your guidance on this matter.(我们需要你在这件事上给予指导。)
guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] n.指导;引导;导航
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Guidance vs. Direction vs. Instruction
Direction:
侧重于“指示”和“管理”。
强调具体的指令、命令,或者对某个过程的整体管理和控制。
例句:He acted under my direction.(他是在我的指示下行动的。)
guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] n.指导;引导;导航
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Guidance vs. Direction vs. Instruction
Instruction:
侧重于“教导”和“具体步骤”。
强调传授知识、技能,或给出具体的操作步骤(如说明书)。
例句:Follow the instructions carefully.(请仔细遵循说明。)
guide [ˈɡaɪd] vt.指导;引导;导航
🔑 核心固定短语
a guide to sth ……的指南;……的向导
This book is a guide to learning English.(这本书是一本英语学习指南。)
be guided by 以……为指导;受……的影响。
You should be guided by your doctor's advice.(你应该听从医生的建议。)
His actions are always guided by his conscience.(他的行为总是受良心的指引。)
guide [ˈɡaɪd] vt.指导;引导;导航
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Guide vs. Lead vs. Direct
Guide:
侧重于“引导者与被引导者之间的合作”。
强调在过程中提供知识、建议或帮助,共同前进。
例句:The mentor guided her through the project.(导师指导她完成了这个项目。)
guide [ˈɡaɪd] vt.指导;引导;导航
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Guide vs. Lead vs. Direct
Lead:
侧重于“走在前面带领”。
强调领导者处于主导和先行位置,其他人跟随。
例句:He led the team to victory.(他带领团队取得了胜利。)
guide [ˈɡaɪd] vt.指导;引导;导航
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Guide vs. Lead vs. Direct
Direct:
侧重于“指明方向”。
不一定亲自带路,只是告诉别人怎么走,或者下达指令。
例句:Could you direct me to the station?(你能告诉我去车站的路吗?)
loyal [ˈlɔɪəl] adj.忠诚的;忠实的
be loyal to sb/sth 忠于某人/某事。
He has always been loyal to his friends.(他一直忠于他的朋友。)
The soldiers remained loyal to their country.(士兵们依然忠于他们的国家。)
loyal adj.忠诚的
loyalty n.忠诚
disloyal adj. 不忠的
loyal [ˈlɔɪəl] adj.忠诚的;忠实的
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Loyal vs. Faithful vs. Devoted
Loyal:
侧重于“对人或组织的坚定支持和 allegiance (效忠)”。
强调在关系或立场上的不变,尤其指在困难时期。
例句:A loyal friend stands by you in times of trouble.(忠实的朋友会在你困难时支持你。)
loyal [ˈlɔɪəl] adj.忠诚的;忠实的
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Loyal vs. Faithful vs. Devoted
Faithful:
侧重于“守信、可靠和专一”。
常用于描述对承诺、誓言或伴侣的忠诚,强调不背叛。
例句:He is a faithful husband.(他是个忠实的丈夫。)
loyal [ˈlɔɪəl] adj.忠诚的;忠实的
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Loyal vs. Faithful vs. Devoted
Devoted:
侧重于“深挚的爱和全身心的投入”。
强调情感上的深厚和无私的奉献。
例句:She is a devoted mother.(她是个尽心尽力的母亲。)
make fire 生火
🔥 核心固定短语(关于燃烧)
catch fire 着火(强调“着火”的动作,指从没有火到起火的过程。)
The dry grass caught fire easily.(干草很容易着火。)
be on fire 正在燃烧;着火(强调“着火”的状态,指物体正处于燃烧之中)
The building was on fire for hours.(这栋大楼燃烧了好几个小时。)
make fire 生火
🔥 核心固定短语(关于燃烧)
set sth. on fire=set fire to sth. 放火;放火烧某物
They set fire to the old barn.(他们放火烧了旧谷仓。)
make a fire 生火;点火
Let's make a fire to keep warm.(我们生堆火来取暖吧。)
make fire 生火
🎯 引申义固定短语(关于工作、批评与冒险)
play with fire 玩火;冒险
If you don't study, you're playing with fire.(如果你不学习,你就是在冒险。)
under fire 受到攻击;受到严厉批评。
The government is under fire for its new policy.(政府因其新政策而受到严厉批评。)
add fuel to the fire 火上浇油;推波助澜。
He would go through fire and water for his family.(他愿意为家人赴汤蹈火。)
make fire 生火
📚 常见搭配结构
fire someone 解雇某人
open fire 开火
hold fire 停火;暂缓决定
be on fire 表现出色;状态极佳
fired up 兴奋的;充满激情的
make fire 生火
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Fire vs. Flame vs. Burn
Fire:
侧重于“燃烧的现象或事件”。
既可以指具体的火焰,也可以指一场火灾。
例句:There was a big fire in the forest.(森林里发生了一场大火。)
make fire 生火
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Fire vs. Flame vs. Burn
Flame:
侧重于“火焰本身”。
指燃烧时产生的具体的、可见的火苗。
例句:The flames from the candle lit up the room.(蜡烛的火焰照亮了房间。)
make fire 生火
⚠️ 易混淆辨析:Fire vs. Flame vs. Burn
Burn:
侧重于“燃烧的过程或结果”。
既可以作动词也可以作名词,指物体被火烧毁或烧伤。
例句:The house burned down.(房子被烧毁了。)
commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献
🚫 表示“做(错事)、犯(罪)”
commit a crime/suicide/murder 犯罪/自杀/谋杀
He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't commit. (他因一桩并非他所犯的罪行而入狱。)
commit suicide:自杀
例句: There are unconfirmed reports that he tried to commit suicide. (有未经证实的报道说他曾企图自杀。)
commit murder:犯谋杀罪
例句: This is a man who has committed murder. (这是一个犯过谋杀罪的男人。)
commit vt. 犯罪,承诺
committed adj.忠诚的
commitment n. 承诺
commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献
commit an error / a blunder:犯错误
例句: You are pointing out the errors he has committed. (你正在指出他所犯的错误。)
commit adultery:犯通奸罪
例句: He hit out at public figures who commit adultery. (他猛烈抨击犯通奸罪的公众人物。)
commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献
🤝 表示“承诺、投入、致力于”
commit oneself to doing sth. 承诺;保证做某事
The government must commit itself to improving healthcare. (政府必须致力于改善医疗保健。)
be committed to doing sth. 致力于/全心全意地投入去做某事
She is committed to the work of God. (她全身心投入于上帝的工作。)
commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献
commit resources / money / time to sth:投入资源/金钱/时间
例句: The company had committed thousands of dollars for a plan to reduce mercury emissions. (该公司已为一项减少汞排放的计划投入了数千美元。)
make a commitment to... 对……作出承诺
make a commitment to do sth. 承诺/许诺做某事
commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献
📝 表示“记录、托付”
commit sth to memory:记住;熟记
例句: She listened carefully, as if she were committing the music to memory. (她仔细听着,好像在把音乐记在心里。)
commit sth to paper / writing:写下;记录
例句: Perhaps we should commit these ideas to paper before we forget them. (也许我们应该把这些想法写在纸上,免得忘记。)
commit sb to a hospital / prison:将某人送进医院/监狱
例句: Arthur's drinking caused him to be committed to a psychiatric hospital. (阿瑟因酗酒被送进了精神病院。)
Words and Expressions
新人教选择性必修三
Unit 4
Thank You !
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