Unit1 Art and artists 单词用法整理与词性转换专项训练 2025-2026学年沪教版（五四制）八年级英语下册

八年级下册英语｜沪教版（五四学制） Unit 1 Art and artists 单词用法整理与词性转换专项训练 （教师版） 适用范围 Unit 1 单词表整理 + 50道词性转换题 题型特点 基础 / 进阶 / 拓展，融合时态与固定搭配 文档说明 前半部分为单词用法整理，后半部分为专项训练 版本标识 教师版含答案、知识点与解析 编排建议：先完成词汇整理学习，再完成专项训练；教师版可用于讲评和二次巩固。 一、Unit 1 单词用法整理 说明：本资料只整理 Unit 1 “Art and artists” 单词表中的词汇。每个词条尽量覆盖基本释义、常见搭配、用法提醒、词性转换与例句，适合八年级下册课堂讲解、预习和复习使用。 self-expression n. 自我表达 基本用法：表示“通过语言、艺术、行为等表达自己的想法、情感和个性”，常作不可数名词。 常见搭配：self-expression through art 通过艺术进行自我表达；freedom of self-expression 自我表达的自由 词性转换：express v. 表达；expression n. 表达；表情；expressive adj. 富于表现力的 用法提醒：不可与 a 连用；如果强调“一个表达方式”，通常说 a form of self-expression。 例句： • Art gives teenagers a chance for self-expression. • Music is a good way of self-expression for many students. creativity n. 创造力 基本用法：表示“创造新想法、新作品的能力”，通常作不可数名词。 常见搭配：show creativity 展现创造力；encourage creativity 鼓励创造力；art and creativity 艺术与创造力 词性转换：create v. 创造；creative adj. 有创造力的；creator n. 创造者 用法提醒：常与 show, develop, encourage 等动词连用。 例句： • The project helps students develop creativity. • Her painting shows great creativity. scissors n. (pl.) 剪刀 基本用法：是以复数形式出现的名词，谓语动词通常用复数；表示“一把剪刀”时说 a pair of scissors。 常见搭配：a pair of scissors 一把剪刀；use scissors 使用剪刀；cut with scissors 用剪刀剪 词性转换：scissor v. 剪开（较少用于初中阶段） 用法提醒：不能说 a scissors。 例句： • These scissors are very sharp. • Please pass me a pair of scissors. drama n. 戏剧；戏剧表演 基本用法：可表示“戏剧”这一艺术形式，也可表示“戏剧课程”。 常见搭配：drama class 戏剧课；study drama 学习戏剧；modern drama 现代戏剧 词性转换：dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；引人注目的；dramatically adv. 戏剧性地；显著地 用法提醒：注意与 play 区别：play 常指“一部戏剧作品”，drama 常指戏剧艺术类别。 例句： • She is interested in drama and music. • Our school has a drama club. acting n. 表演；演技 基本用法：作名词时表示“表演艺术”；也可由 act 的 -ing 形式构成。 常见搭配：learn acting 学习表演；acting skills 表演技巧；be good at acting 擅长表演 词性转换：act v. 表演；行动；actor n. 男演员；actress n. 女演员；active adj. 积极的；活跃的；action n. 行动 用法提醒：be good at / enjoy / practise 后常接 acting。 例句： • His acting is natural and lively. • Many students enjoy acting on stage. normal adj. 典型的；正常的 基本用法：表示“符合常态的、通常的”，常作表语或定语。 常见搭配：be normal 是正常的；a normal day 平常的一天；return to normal 恢复正常 词性转换：normally adv. 正常地；通常 用法提醒：表示“通常地”时更常用 normally。 例句： • It is normal for beginners to make mistakes. • Everything was back to normal after the storm. prefer ... to ... v. phrase 比起……更喜欢…… 基本用法：prefer A to B 表示“比起B更喜欢A”；A、B 可以是名词、代词或动名词。 常见搭配：prefer tea to coffee；prefer reading to watching TV；prefer doing sth to doing sth 词性转换：preference n. 偏爱；喜爱 用法提醒：不要误写成 prefer A than B。 例句： • I prefer painting to acting. • She prefers walking to taking the bus. pottery n. 陶器；制陶技艺 基本用法：既可指陶器，也可指制陶这门手艺，通常作不可数名词。 常见搭配：make pottery 制作陶器；pottery class 陶艺课；ancient pottery 古代陶器 词性转换：potter n. 陶工；制陶者 用法提醒：强调具体作品时，可说 pieces of pottery。 例句： • We learned how to make pottery in art class. • The museum shows beautiful pottery from old times. rather than prep./conj. phrase 而不是 基本用法：用于连接并列成分，表示选择前者而非后者。 常见搭配：do A rather than B；walk rather than drive；art rather than sport 词性转换：rather adv. 相当；宁可 用法提醒：连接动词时，前后通常保持形式一致。 例句： • He chose pottery rather than drama. • We decided to stay at home rather than go out. position n. 位置；地方 基本用法：表示事物所在的位置，也可引申为“职位”；本单元主要掌握“位置”义。 常见搭配：in the right position 在正确的位置；change position 改变位置；the position of ... ……的位置 词性转换：positioned adj. 位于……的（较少考） 用法提醒：与 place 接近，但 position 更正式、更强调准确位置。 例句： • Please put the chair back in its original position. • The map shows the position of the museum. instrument n. 器具；仪器；乐器 基本用法：在艺术语境中常表示“乐器”，在科学语境中可表示“仪器”。 常见搭配：musical instrument 乐器；play an instrument 演奏乐器；scientific instruments 科学仪器 词性转换：instrumental adj. 器乐的；有帮助的（拓展） 用法提醒：不要与 tool 完全等同；instrument 常更正式。 例句： • The violin is a musical instrument. • Can you play any instrument? sculpture n. 雕塑；雕塑作品 基本用法：既可指雕塑艺术，也可指一件雕塑作品。 常见搭配：a stone sculpture 一座石雕；modern sculpture 现代雕塑；make a sculpture 做雕塑 词性转换：sculptor n. 雕塑家；sculpt v. 雕刻（拓展） 用法提醒：作“雕塑艺术”时可不可数；作“一件雕塑”时可数。 例句： • This sculpture looks simple but powerful. • The park is famous for its metal sculptures. sculptor n. 雕塑家；雕刻家 基本用法：指从事雕塑创作的人。 常见搭配：a famous sculptor 一位著名雕塑家；work as a sculptor 当雕塑家 词性转换：sculpture n. 雕塑；sculpt v. 雕刻（拓展） 用法提醒：后缀 -or 常表示“做某事的人”，如 actor, inventor。 例句： • The sculptor spent months on this work. • He hopes to become a sculptor in the future. landscape n. 风景；景色 基本用法：常指自然风景，也可指“风景画”。 常见搭配：beautiful landscape 美丽的风景；mountain landscape 山地景色；landscape painting 风景画 词性转换：landscape painter 风景画家（短语） 用法提醒：表示“景观、整体局面”属拓展义，初中以“风景”义为主。 例句： • The landscape in the west of China is amazing. • She likes painting landscapes. master n. 能手；大师；擅长……的人 基本用法：表示在某领域非常出色的人。 常见搭配：a master of art 艺术大师；a chess master 国际象棋高手；master artist 大师级艺术家 词性转换：master v. 掌握；mastery n. 掌握；精通（拓展） 用法提醒：作动词时表示“掌握”，如 master a skill。 例句： • Qi Baishi was a master of Chinese painting. • It takes time to become a master. dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 基本用法：用于历史文化语境，前面常和某具体朝代名称搭配。 常见搭配：the Tang Dynasty 唐朝；the Song Dynasty 宋朝；during the dynasty 在该朝代期间 词性转换：dynastic adj. 朝代的（拓展） 用法提醒：首字母大写通常用于具体朝代名。 例句： • This vase comes from the Ming Dynasty. • The artist studied paintings from different dynasties. paint v. 绘画；给……上色 基本用法：paint sth 表示“画某物”；paint ... with/in ... 表示“用……颜色画/涂”。 常见搭配：paint a picture 画画；paint with watercolours 用水彩画；paint the wall blue 把墙刷成蓝色 词性转换：painting n. 绘画；画作；painter n. 画家；油漆工；painted adj. 着色的；彩绘的 用法提醒：注意与 draw 区别：draw 强调“线条画”，paint 强调“上色、颜料画”。 例句： • My grandfather likes to paint birds and flowers. • She painted the box red yesterday. harmony n. 融洽；和谐 基本用法：表示人际、自然、色彩或声音方面的和谐状态。 常见搭配：live in harmony 和睦相处；colour harmony 色彩和谐；in harmony with 与……协调一致 词性转换：harmonious adj. 和谐的 用法提醒：常作不可数名词。 例句： • The colours are in perfect harmony. • People should live in harmony with nature. path n. 小道；小径 基本用法：指供人步行的小路，也可引申为“道路、途径”。 常见搭配：a narrow path 一条狭窄的小路；walk along the path 沿着小道走；the path to success 成功之路 词性转换：pathway n. 通道；路径（拓展） 用法提醒：比 road 更窄、更自然。 例句： • We walked along a peaceful path in the forest. • The path was covered with leaves. ahead adv. 在前方；向前 基本用法：常作副词，表示位置或时间上的“提前、在前面”。 常见搭配：straight ahead 一直向前；go ahead 继续；请吧；plan ahead 提前计划 词性转换：ahead of 在……前面（短语） 用法提醒：ahead of 是常考短语，如 ahead of time 提前。 例句： • The museum is just ahead. • Think ahead before you make a choice. whoever pron./conj. 无论谁；任何人 基本用法：引导让步从句或名词性从句，表示“不管是谁”。 常见搭配：whoever comes 无论谁来；help whoever needs help 帮助任何需要帮助的人 词性转换：who pron. 谁；whoever = no matter who（近义转换） 用法提醒：与 no matter who 意义接近。 例句： • Whoever visits the gallery will enjoy it. • Give the prize to whoever wins the game. come across phrasal verb （偶然）遇见；碰见；发现 基本用法：表示偶然发现人、事或信息。 常见搭配：come across an old photo 偶然发现一张旧照片；come across a friend 偶遇朋友 词性转换：come-came-come 动词原形/过去式/过去分词 用法提醒：不可被动拆开使用；过去式是 came across。 例句： • I came across an interesting painting in the book. • She came across her old teacher in the street. scare v. 惊吓；使害怕 基本用法：scare sb / sth 表示“吓到某人/某物”；be scared of 表示“害怕……”。 常见搭配：scare children 吓到孩子；scare sb away 把某人吓跑；be scared of dogs 害怕狗 词性转换：scared adj. 害怕的；scary adj. 吓人的 用法提醒：scared 修饰人，scary 修饰事物。 例句： • The loud noise scared the little boy. • Don’t scare the birds away. scared adj. 害怕的；恐惧的；担心的 基本用法：常作表语，表示人的感受。 常见搭配：be scared of 害怕……；be scared to do sth 不敢做某事；feel scared 感到害怕 词性转换：scare v. 使害怕；scary adj. 吓人的 用法提醒：不能用来修饰让人害怕的事物；那时应使用 scary。 例句： • She was scared of the dark when she was little. • I felt scared to speak in front of the class. vivid adj. 生动的；逼真的 基本用法：常形容描写、记忆、颜色、图像等“非常鲜明、生动”。 常见搭配：vivid colours 鲜艳的颜色；a vivid description 生动的描写；a vivid memory 清晰的记忆 词性转换：vividly adv. 生动地 用法提醒：常与 colour, picture, memory, description 搭配。 例句： • The artist uses vivid colours in this painting. • Her story gave us a vivid picture of village life. east n. 东；东方；东部 基本用法：可作名词，也常出现在短语 in the east of / eastern 中。 常见搭配：in the east of 在……东部；from east to west 从东到西；the East 东方 词性转换：eastern adj. 东方的；东部的；eastward adv./adj. 向东（拓展） 用法提醒：方向词与介词搭配要分清：in/to/on the east of。 例句： • The sun rises in the east. • Shanghai is in the east of China. west n. 西；西方；西部 基本用法：与 east 类似，可指方向或地区。 常见搭配：in the west of 在……西部；travel west 向西旅行；the West 西方 词性转换：western adj. 西方的；西部的；westward adv./adj. 向西（拓展） 用法提醒：western music / western China 都是常见表达。 例句： • Many artists travelled to the west for new ideas. • The west of the country has beautiful landscapes. peaceful adj. 安静的；宁静的；和平的 基本用法：形容地方、环境、生活状态平静而安宁。 常见搭配：a peaceful village 宁静的村庄；peaceful life 平静的生活；keep peaceful 保持平和 词性转换：peace n. 和平；安宁；peacefully adv. 平静地 用法提醒：peaceful 形容环境或状态；peace 是名词。 例句： • The village is small and peaceful. • We had a peaceful walk along the river. 二、Unit 1 重点词性转换速查表 词汇 课本词性 常见相关形式 速记提醒 self-expression n. express v.; expression n.; expressive adj. 表达“自我表达”常作不可数名词 creativity n. create v.; creative adj.; creator n. show / develop creativity acting n. act v.; actor n.; actress n. enjoy / practise acting normal adj. normally adv. be normal / return to normal sculpture n. sculptor n.; sculpt v. 作品可数，艺术门类可不可数 paint v. painting n.; painter n.; painted adj. paint 强调颜料与上色 scare v. scared adj.; scary adj. 人 scared，物 scary peaceful adj. peace n.; peacefully adv. peaceful village / peaceful life east / west n. eastern / western adj. in the east/west of 三、词性转换专项训练（50题） 题型说明：请根据句意、语法结构和括号内所给词，写出其正确形式。题目按“基础—进阶—拓展”梯度编排，并适当融合时态、固定搭配和句型结构。 基础部分 1. The young artist used bright colours very ______ in his picture. (create) 答案：creatively 知识点：词性转换：create → creative/creatively；副词修饰动词 used。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 creatively。词性转换：create → creative/creatively；副词修饰动词 used。 2. My sister is interested in ______ and wants to join the school theatre club. (act) 答案：acting 知识点：动词变名词；介词 in 后接名词或动名词。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 acting。动词变名词；介词 in 后接名词或动名词。 3. It is ______ for students to make a few mistakes in class. (normally) 答案：normal 知识点：副词转形容词；be 动词后接形容词作表语。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 normal。副词转形容词；be 动词后接形容词作表语。 4. The old man lives a quiet and ______ life in the village. (peace) 答案：peaceful 知识点：名词转形容词；修饰名词 life。 解析：本题正确形式是 peaceful。名词转形容词；修饰名词 life。 5. We were surprised by the ______ of the clay work. (beautiful) 答案：beauty 知识点：形容词转名词；of 后接名词。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 beauty。形容词转名词；of 后接名词。 6. Please speak ______. The baby is sleeping in the next room. (quiet) 答案：quietly 知识点：形容词转副词；副词修饰动词 speak。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 quietly。形容词转副词；副词修饰动词 speak。 7. The museum guide gave us a ______ description of the painting. (vividly) 答案：vivid 知识点：副词转形容词；修饰名词 description。 解析：本题正确形式是 vivid。副词转形容词；修饰名词 description。 8. He is one of the most ______ students in our class. (create) 答案：creative 知识点：动词转形容词；形容学生“有创造力的”。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 creative。动词转形容词；形容学生“有创造力的”。 9. Don’t be ______ of speaking English in public. (scare) 答案：scared 知识点：动词转形容词；be scared of 固定搭配。 解析：修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 scared。动词转形容词；be scared of 固定搭配。 10. The little boy answered the question ______. (care) 答案：carefully 知识点：名词/动词词根变副词；修饰 answered。 解析：修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 carefully。名词/动词词根变副词；修饰 answered。 11. Her dream is to become a famous ______ in the future. (paint) 答案：painter 知识点：动词转表示人的名词；-er 后缀。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 painter。动词转表示人的名词；-er 后缀。 12. We all enjoyed the ______ of colours in the picture. (harmonious) 答案：harmony 知识点：形容词转名词；the 后常接名词。 解析：本题正确形式是 harmony。形容词转名词；the 后常接名词。 13. The story was so ______ that all of us listened carefully. (interest) 答案：interesting 知识点：名词/动词词根转形容词；修饰 story。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 interesting。名词/动词词根转形容词；修饰 story。 14. Tom spoke ______ than before after more practice. (confident) 答案：more confidently 知识点：形容词转副词并用比较级；修饰 spoke。 解析：本题正确形式是 more confidently。形容词转副词并用比较级；修饰 spoke。 15. The teacher asked us to make our posters more ______. (colour) 答案：colourful 知识点：名词转形容词；make + 宾语 + 形容词。 解析：本题正确形式是 colourful。名词转形容词；make + 宾语 + 形容词。 16. The children are doing an art project ______ in the classroom now. (happy) 答案：happily 知识点：形容词转副词；现在进行时中副词修饰 are doing。 解析：句中 now 提示动作与当前情境相关，要结合句子结构判断是否需要进行时。本题正确形式是 happily。形容词转副词；现在进行时中副词修饰 are doing。 17. This vase is from an ______ Chinese dynasty. (ancient) 答案：ancient 知识点：原级形容词直接修饰名词；考查词性判断。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 ancient。原级形容词直接修饰名词；考查词性判断。 进阶部分 18. My brother prefers ______ to watching TV after school. (read) 答案：reading 知识点：prefer doing A to doing B；动名词作宾语。 解析：本题正确形式是 reading。prefer doing A to doing B；动名词作宾语。 19. The artist ______ a horse on the wall yesterday. (paint) 答案：painted 知识点：动词时态变化；yesterday 用一般过去时。 解析：句中出现表示过去的时间状语，因此要注意一般过去时或过去进行时的形式变化。本题正确形式是 painted。动词时态变化；yesterday 用一般过去时。 20. It is ______ to cross the busy road when the light is red. (danger) 答案：dangerous 知识点：名词转形容词；It is + adj. + to do。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 dangerous。名词转形容词；It is + adj. + to do。 21. She gave me a useful ______ on how to improve my drawing. (suggest) 答案：suggestion 知识点：动词转名词；a 后接可数名词单数。 解析：本题正确形式是 suggestion。动词转名词；a 后接可数名词单数。 22. The students listened to the speaker so ______ that nobody made a sound. (careful) 答案：carefully 知识点：形容词转副词；修饰 listened。 解析：修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 carefully。形容词转副词；修饰 listened。 23. The dancer moved ______ across the stage and won loud applause. (grace) 答案：gracefully 知识点：名词转副词；grace → graceful → gracefully。 解析：本题正确形式是 gracefully。名词转副词；grace → graceful → gracefully。 24. Our English teacher often encourages us to express ______ freely. (we) 答案：ourselves 知识点：代词变反身代词；express oneself。 解析：本题正确形式是 ourselves。代词变反身代词；express oneself。 25. The visit to the art gallery was both fun and ______. (education) 答案：educational 知识点：名词转形容词；作表语。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 educational。名词转形容词；作表语。 26. He made a ______ choice to join the pottery class. (wisely) 答案：wise 知识点：副词转形容词；修饰 choice。 解析：本题正确形式是 wise。副词转形容词；修饰 choice。 27. The picture became even more ______ after the artist added light blue. (live) 答案：lively 知识点：动词/名词词根转形容词；表示“生动的”。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 lively。动词/名词词根转形容词；表示“生动的”。 28. I came across an old photo while I ______ my desk last night. (clean) 答案：was cleaning 知识点：过去进行时；while 引导背景动作。 解析：句中出现表示过去的时间状语，因此要注意一般过去时或过去进行时的形式变化。本题正确形式是 was cleaning。过去进行时；while 引导背景动作。 29. The teacher asked for a short ______ of the painting. (describe) 答案：description 知识点：动词转名词；短语 ask for + 名词。 解析：本题正确形式是 description。动词转名词；短语 ask for + 名词。 30. After a few months of practice, her spoken English improved ______. (great) 答案：greatly 知识点：形容词转副词；修饰 improved。 解析：修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 greatly。形容词转副词；修饰 improved。 31. The little girl looked ______ when she saw the dark room. (frighten) 答案：frightened 知识点：过去分词形容词修饰人；looked + adj。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 frightened。过去分词形容词修饰人；looked + adj。 32. We should try our best to keep the classroom clean and ______. (tidily) 答案：tidy 知识点：副词转形容词；keep + 宾语 + 形容词。 解析：本题正确形式是 tidy。副词转形容词；keep + 宾语 + 形容词。 33. The host spoke so ______ that everyone could understand him. (clear) 答案：clearly 知识点：形容词转副词；修饰 spoke。 解析：本题正确形式是 clearly。形容词转副词；修饰 spoke。 34. That was one of the most ______ performances I had ever seen. (success) 答案：successful 知识点：名词转形容词；one of the most + adj.。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 successful。名词转形容词；one of the most + adj.。 35. The children have made great ______ in learning paper cutting. (progressive) 答案：progress 知识点：词性辨析；固定搭配 make progress。 解析：本题正确形式是 progress。词性辨析；固定搭配 make progress。 拓展部分 36. The mountain path became ______ after the heavy rain, so we walked slowly. (danger) 答案：dangerous 知识点：名词转形容词；系动词 become 后接形容词。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 dangerous。名词转形容词；系动词 become 后接形容词。 37. Whoever ______ first can choose the art materials. (arrive) 答案：arrives 知识点：代词 whoever 作主语时，谓语常用单数；一般现在时。 解析：本题正确形式是 arrives。代词 whoever 作主语时，谓语常用单数；一般现在时。 38. The teacher smiled because the children answered the questions ______. (correct) 答案：correctly 知识点：形容词转副词；修饰 answered。 解析：修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 correctly。形容词转副词；修饰 answered。 39. We all believe that ______ is more important than winning. (honest) 答案：honesty 知识点：形容词转名词；作主语。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 honesty。形容词转名词；作主语。 40. My grandfather is a well-known ______ of birds and flowers. (paint) 答案：painter 知识点：动词转名词；of 短语说明类别。 解析：句中 now 提示动作与当前情境相关，要结合句子结构判断是否需要进行时。空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 painter。动词转名词；of 短语说明类别。 41. The speaker’s words gave us a lot of ______ to protect traditional art. (encourage) 答案：encouragement 知识点：动词转名词；a lot of 后接名词。 解析：修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 encouragement。动词转名词；a lot of 后接名词。 42. The room looked much ______ after we put the sculpture in the centre. (good) 答案：better 知识点：形容词比较级；looked 为系动词。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 better。形容词比较级；looked 为系动词。 43. It was hard for me to make a ______ between the two pictures because both were excellent. (choose) 答案：choice 知识点：动词转名词；make a choice 固定搭配。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 choice。动词转名词；make a choice 固定搭配。 44. The guide told us that the artist had worked ______ for many years before becoming famous. (hard) 答案：hard 知识点：hard 兼作形容词和副词；修饰 worked。 解析：修饰动词通常要用副词形式。本题正确形式是 hard。hard 兼作形容词和副词；修饰 worked。 45. When we entered the hall, we found several works ______ on the walls already. (hang) 答案：hanging 知识点：find + 宾语 + doing；现在分词作宾补。 解析：本题正确形式是 hanging。find + 宾语 + doing；现在分词作宾补。 46. The film about the young sculptor was so ______ that my brother watched it twice. (move) 答案：moving 知识点：动词转形容词；修饰事物。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 moving。动词转形容词；修饰事物。 47. She spoke with great ______, so everyone trusted her plan. (confident) 答案：confidence 知识点：形容词转名词；with + 名词。 解析：本题正确形式是 confidence。形容词转名词；with + 名词。 48. Our class will hold an art show if everything goes ______ next week. (smooth) 答案：smoothly 知识点：形容词转副词；修饰 goes，在此表示“进展顺利”。 解析：本题正确形式是 smoothly。形容词转副词；修饰 goes，在此表示“进展顺利”。 49. The boy was punished for his ______ behaviour in the museum. (careless) 答案：careless 知识点：形容词直接修饰名词 behaviour；考查词性判断。 解析：空格处位于系动词后，多数情况下应填形容词作表语。本题正确形式是 careless。形容词直接修饰名词 behaviour；考查词性判断。 50. By the end of last term, Jenny had become much more ______ in drawing than before. (skill) 答案：skilful 知识点：名词转形容词；比较级结构中的形容词补语。 解析：句中出现表示过去的时间状语，因此要注意一般过去时或过去进行时的形式变化。本题正确形式是 skilful。名词转形容词；比较级结构中的形容词补语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八年级下册英语｜沪教版（五四学制） Unit 1 Art and artists 单词用法整理与词性转换专项训练 （学生版） 适用范围 Unit 1 单词表整理 + 50道词性转换题 题型特点 基础 / 进阶 / 拓展，融合时态与固定搭配 文档说明 前半部分为单词用法整理，后半部分为专项训练 版本标识 学生版仅含题目 编排建议：先完成词汇整理学习，再完成专项训练；教师版可用于讲评和二次巩固。 一、Unit 1 单词用法整理 说明：本资料只整理 Unit 1 “Art and artists” 单词表中的词汇。每个词条尽量覆盖基本释义、常见搭配、用法提醒、词性转换与例句，适合八年级下册课堂讲解、预习和复习使用。 self-expression n. 自我表达 基本用法：表示“通过语言、艺术、行为等表达自己的想法、情感和个性”，常作不可数名词。 常见搭配：self-expression through art 通过艺术进行自我表达；freedom of self-expression 自我表达的自由 词性转换：express v. 表达；expression n. 表达；表情；expressive adj. 富于表现力的 用法提醒：不可与 a 连用；如果强调“一个表达方式”，通常说 a form of self-expression。 例句： • Art gives teenagers a chance for self-expression. • Music is a good way of self-expression for many students. creativity n. 创造力 基本用法：表示“创造新想法、新作品的能力”，通常作不可数名词。 常见搭配：show creativity 展现创造力；encourage creativity 鼓励创造力；art and creativity 艺术与创造力 词性转换：create v. 创造；creative adj. 有创造力的；creator n. 创造者 用法提醒：常与 show, develop, encourage 等动词连用。 例句： • The project helps students develop creativity. • Her painting shows great creativity. scissors n. (pl.) 剪刀 基本用法：是以复数形式出现的名词，谓语动词通常用复数；表示“一把剪刀”时说 a pair of scissors。 常见搭配：a pair of scissors 一把剪刀；use scissors 使用剪刀；cut with scissors 用剪刀剪 词性转换：scissor v. 剪开（较少用于初中阶段） 用法提醒：不能说 a scissors。 例句： • These scissors are very sharp. • Please pass me a pair of scissors. drama n. 戏剧；戏剧表演 基本用法：可表示“戏剧”这一艺术形式，也可表示“戏剧课程”。 常见搭配：drama class 戏剧课；study drama 学习戏剧；modern drama 现代戏剧 词性转换：dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；引人注目的；dramatically adv. 戏剧性地；显著地 用法提醒：注意与 play 区别：play 常指“一部戏剧作品”，drama 常指戏剧艺术类别。 例句： • She is interested in drama and music. • Our school has a drama club. acting n. 表演；演技 基本用法：作名词时表示“表演艺术”；也可由 act 的 -ing 形式构成。 常见搭配：learn acting 学习表演；acting skills 表演技巧；be good at acting 擅长表演 词性转换：act v. 表演；行动；actor n. 男演员；actress n. 女演员；active adj. 积极的；活跃的；action n. 行动 用法提醒：be good at / enjoy / practise 后常接 acting。 例句： • His acting is natural and lively. • Many students enjoy acting on stage. normal adj. 典型的；正常的 基本用法：表示“符合常态的、通常的”，常作表语或定语。 常见搭配：be normal 是正常的；a normal day 平常的一天；return to normal 恢复正常 词性转换：normally adv. 正常地；通常 用法提醒：表示“通常地”时更常用 normally。 例句： • It is normal for beginners to make mistakes. • Everything was back to normal after the storm. prefer ... to ... v. phrase 比起……更喜欢…… 基本用法：prefer A to B 表示“比起B更喜欢A”；A、B 可以是名词、代词或动名词。 常见搭配：prefer tea to coffee；prefer reading to watching TV；prefer doing sth to doing sth 词性转换：preference n. 偏爱；喜爱 用法提醒：不要误写成 prefer A than B。 例句： • I prefer painting to acting. • She prefers walking to taking the bus. pottery n. 陶器；制陶技艺 基本用法：既可指陶器，也可指制陶这门手艺，通常作不可数名词。 常见搭配：make pottery 制作陶器；pottery class 陶艺课；ancient pottery 古代陶器 词性转换：potter n. 陶工；制陶者 用法提醒：强调具体作品时，可说 pieces of pottery。 例句： • We learned how to make pottery in art class. • The museum shows beautiful pottery from old times. rather than prep./conj. phrase 而不是 基本用法：用于连接并列成分，表示选择前者而非后者。 常见搭配：do A rather than B；walk rather than drive；art rather than sport 词性转换：rather adv. 相当；宁可 用法提醒：连接动词时，前后通常保持形式一致。 例句： • He chose pottery rather than drama. • We decided to stay at home rather than go out. position n. 位置；地方 基本用法：表示事物所在的位置，也可引申为“职位”；本单元主要掌握“位置”义。 常见搭配：in the right position 在正确的位置；change position 改变位置；the position of ... ……的位置 词性转换：positioned adj. 位于……的（较少考） 用法提醒：与 place 接近，但 position 更正式、更强调准确位置。 例句： • Please put the chair back in its original position. • The map shows the position of the museum. instrument n. 器具；仪器；乐器 基本用法：在艺术语境中常表示“乐器”，在科学语境中可表示“仪器”。 常见搭配：musical instrument 乐器；play an instrument 演奏乐器；scientific instruments 科学仪器 词性转换：instrumental adj. 器乐的；有帮助的（拓展） 用法提醒：不要与 tool 完全等同；instrument 常更正式。 例句： • The violin is a musical instrument. • Can you play any instrument? sculpture n. 雕塑；雕塑作品 基本用法：既可指雕塑艺术，也可指一件雕塑作品。 常见搭配：a stone sculpture 一座石雕；modern sculpture 现代雕塑；make a sculpture 做雕塑 词性转换：sculptor n. 雕塑家；sculpt v. 雕刻（拓展） 用法提醒：作“雕塑艺术”时可不可数；作“一件雕塑”时可数。 例句： • This sculpture looks simple but powerful. • The park is famous for its metal sculptures. sculptor n. 雕塑家；雕刻家 基本用法：指从事雕塑创作的人。 常见搭配：a famous sculptor 一位著名雕塑家；work as a sculptor 当雕塑家 词性转换：sculpture n. 雕塑；sculpt v. 雕刻（拓展） 用法提醒：后缀 -or 常表示“做某事的人”，如 actor, inventor。 例句： • The sculptor spent months on this work. • He hopes to become a sculptor in the future. landscape n. 风景；景色 基本用法：常指自然风景，也可指“风景画”。 常见搭配：beautiful landscape 美丽的风景；mountain landscape 山地景色；landscape painting 风景画 词性转换：landscape painter 风景画家（短语） 用法提醒：表示“景观、整体局面”属拓展义，初中以“风景”义为主。 例句： • The landscape in the west of China is amazing. • She likes painting landscapes. master n. 能手；大师；擅长……的人 基本用法：表示在某领域非常出色的人。 常见搭配：a master of art 艺术大师；a chess master 国际象棋高手；master artist 大师级艺术家 词性转换：master v. 掌握；mastery n. 掌握；精通（拓展） 用法提醒：作动词时表示“掌握”，如 master a skill。 例句： • Qi Baishi was a master of Chinese painting. • It takes time to become a master. dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 基本用法：用于历史文化语境，前面常和某具体朝代名称搭配。 常见搭配：the Tang Dynasty 唐朝；the Song Dynasty 宋朝；during the dynasty 在该朝代期间 词性转换：dynastic adj. 朝代的（拓展） 用法提醒：首字母大写通常用于具体朝代名。 例句： • This vase comes from the Ming Dynasty. • The artist studied paintings from different dynasties. paint v. 绘画；给……上色 基本用法：paint sth 表示“画某物”；paint ... with/in ... 表示“用……颜色画/涂”。 常见搭配：paint a picture 画画；paint with watercolours 用水彩画；paint the wall blue 把墙刷成蓝色 词性转换：painting n. 绘画；画作；painter n. 画家；油漆工；painted adj. 着色的；彩绘的 用法提醒：注意与 draw 区别：draw 强调“线条画”，paint 强调“上色、颜料画”。 例句： • My grandfather likes to paint birds and flowers. • She painted the box red yesterday. harmony n. 融洽；和谐 基本用法：表示人际、自然、色彩或声音方面的和谐状态。 常见搭配：live in harmony 和睦相处；colour harmony 色彩和谐；in harmony with 与……协调一致 词性转换：harmonious adj. 和谐的 用法提醒：常作不可数名词。 例句： • The colours are in perfect harmony. • People should live in harmony with nature. path n. 小道；小径 基本用法：指供人步行的小路，也可引申为“道路、途径”。 常见搭配：a narrow path 一条狭窄的小路；walk along the path 沿着小道走；the path to success 成功之路 词性转换：pathway n. 通道；路径（拓展） 用法提醒：比 road 更窄、更自然。 例句： • We walked along a peaceful path in the forest. • The path was covered with leaves. ahead adv. 在前方；向前 基本用法：常作副词，表示位置或时间上的“提前、在前面”。 常见搭配：straight ahead 一直向前；go ahead 继续；请吧；plan ahead 提前计划 词性转换：ahead of 在……前面（短语） 用法提醒：ahead of 是常考短语，如 ahead of time 提前。 例句： • The museum is just ahead. • Think ahead before you make a choice. whoever pron./conj. 无论谁；任何人 基本用法：引导让步从句或名词性从句，表示“不管是谁”。 常见搭配：whoever comes 无论谁来；help whoever needs help 帮助任何需要帮助的人 词性转换：who pron. 谁；whoever = no matter who（近义转换） 用法提醒：与 no matter who 意义接近。 例句： • Whoever visits the gallery will enjoy it. • Give the prize to whoever wins the game. come across phrasal verb （偶然）遇见；碰见；发现 基本用法：表示偶然发现人、事或信息。 常见搭配：come across an old photo 偶然发现一张旧照片；come across a friend 偶遇朋友 词性转换：come-came-come 动词原形/过去式/过去分词 用法提醒：不可被动拆开使用；过去式是 came across。 例句： • I came across an interesting painting in the book. • She came across her old teacher in the street. scare v. 惊吓；使害怕 基本用法：scare sb / sth 表示“吓到某人/某物”；be scared of 表示“害怕……”。 常见搭配：scare children 吓到孩子；scare sb away 把某人吓跑；be scared of dogs 害怕狗 词性转换：scared adj. 害怕的；scary adj. 吓人的 用法提醒：scared 修饰人，scary 修饰事物。 例句： • The loud noise scared the little boy. • Don’t scare the birds away. scared adj. 害怕的；恐惧的；担心的 基本用法：常作表语，表示人的感受。 常见搭配：be scared of 害怕……；be scared to do sth 不敢做某事；feel scared 感到害怕 词性转换：scare v. 使害怕；scary adj. 吓人的 用法提醒：不能用来修饰让人害怕的事物；那时应使用 scary。 例句： • She was scared of the dark when she was little. • I felt scared to speak in front of the class. vivid adj. 生动的；逼真的 基本用法：常形容描写、记忆、颜色、图像等“非常鲜明、生动”。 常见搭配：vivid colours 鲜艳的颜色；a vivid description 生动的描写；a vivid memory 清晰的记忆 词性转换：vividly adv. 生动地 用法提醒：常与 colour, picture, memory, description 搭配。 例句： • The artist uses vivid colours in this painting. • Her story gave us a vivid picture of village life. east n. 东；东方；东部 基本用法：可作名词，也常出现在短语 in the east of / eastern 中。 常见搭配：in the east of 在……东部；from east to west 从东到西；the East 东方 词性转换：eastern adj. 东方的；东部的；eastward adv./adj. 向东（拓展） 用法提醒：方向词与介词搭配要分清：in/to/on the east of。 例句： • The sun rises in the east. • Shanghai is in the east of China. west n. 西；西方；西部 基本用法：与 east 类似，可指方向或地区。 常见搭配：in the west of 在……西部；travel west 向西旅行；the West 西方 词性转换：western adj. 西方的；西部的；westward adv./adj. 向西（拓展） 用法提醒：western music / western China 都是常见表达。 例句： • Many artists travelled to the west for new ideas. • The west of the country has beautiful landscapes. peaceful adj. 安静的；宁静的；和平的 基本用法：形容地方、环境、生活状态平静而安宁。 常见搭配：a peaceful village 宁静的村庄；peaceful life 平静的生活；keep peaceful 保持平和 词性转换：peace n. 和平；安宁；peacefully adv. 平静地 用法提醒：peaceful 形容环境或状态；peace 是名词。 例句： • The village is small and peaceful. • We had a peaceful walk along the river. 二、Unit 1 重点词性转换速查表 词汇 课本词性 常见相关形式 速记提醒 self-expression n. express v.; expression n.; expressive adj. 表达“自我表达”常作不可数名词 creativity n. create v.; creative adj.; creator n. show / develop creativity acting n. act v.; actor n.; actress n. enjoy / practise acting normal adj. normally adv. be normal / return to normal sculpture n. sculptor n.; sculpt v. 作品可数，艺术门类可不可数 paint v. painting n.; painter n.; painted adj. paint 强调颜料与上色 scare v. scared adj.; scary adj. 人 scared，物 scary peaceful adj. peace n.; peacefully adv. peaceful village / peaceful life east / west n. eastern / western adj. in the east/west of 三、词性转换专项训练（50题） 题型说明：请根据句意、语法结构和括号内所给词，写出其正确形式。题目按“基础—进阶—拓展”梯度编排，并适当融合时态、固定搭配和句型结构。 基础部分 1. The young artist used bright colours very ______ in his picture. (create) 2. My sister is interested in ______ and wants to join the school theatre club. (act) 3. It is ______ for students to make a few mistakes in class. (normally) 4. The old man lives a quiet and ______ life in the village. (peace) 5. We were surprised by the ______ of the clay work. (beautiful) 6. Please speak ______. The baby is sleeping in the next room. (quiet) 7. The museum guide gave us a ______ description of the painting. (vividly) 8. He is one of the most ______ students in our class. (create) 9. Don’t be ______ of speaking English in public. (scare) 10. The little boy answered the question ______. (care) 11. Her dream is to become a famous ______ in the future. (paint) 12. We all enjoyed the ______ of colours in the picture. (harmonious) 13. The story was so ______ that all of us listened carefully. (interest) 14. Tom spoke ______ than before after more practice. (confident) 15. The teacher asked us to make our posters more ______. (colour) 16. The children are doing an art project ______ in the classroom now. (happy) 17. This vase is from an ______ Chinese dynasty. (ancient) 进阶部分 18. My brother prefers ______ to watching TV after school. (read) 19. The artist ______ a horse on the wall yesterday. (paint) 20. It is ______ to cross the busy road when the light is red. (danger) 21. She gave me a useful ______ on how to improve my drawing. (suggest) 22. The students listened to the speaker so ______ that nobody made a sound. (careful) 23. The dancer moved ______ across the stage and won loud applause. (grace) 24. Our English teacher often encourages us to express ______ freely. (we) 25. The visit to the art gallery was both fun and ______. (education) 26. He made a ______ choice to join the pottery class. (wisely) 27. The picture became even more ______ after the artist added light blue. (live) 28. I came across an old photo while I ______ my desk last night. (clean) 29. The teacher asked for a short ______ of the painting. (describe) 30. After a few months of practice, her spoken English improved ______. (great) 31. The little girl looked ______ when she saw the dark room. (frighten) 32. We should try our best to keep the classroom clean and ______. (tidily) 33. The host spoke so ______ that everyone could understand him. (clear) 34. That was one of the most ______ performances I had ever seen. (success) 35. The children have made great ______ in learning paper cutting. (progressive) 拓展部分 36. The mountain path became ______ after the heavy rain, so we walked slowly. (danger) 37. Whoever ______ first can choose the art materials. (arrive) 38. The teacher smiled because the children answered the questions ______. (correct) 39. We all believe that ______ is more important than winning. (honest) 40. My grandfather is a well-known ______ of birds and flowers. (paint) 41. The speaker’s words gave us a lot of ______ to protect traditional art. (encourage) 42. The room looked much ______ after we put the sculpture in the centre. (good) 43. It was hard for me to make a ______ between the two pictures because both were excellent. (choose) 44. The guide told us that the artist had worked ______ for many years before becoming famous. (hard) 45. When we entered the hall, we found several works ______ on the walls already. (hang) 46. The film about the young sculptor was so ______ that my brother watched it twice. (move) 47. She spoke with great ______, so everyone trusted her plan. (confident) 48. Our class will hold an art show if everything goes ______ next week. (smooth) 49. The boy was punished for his ______ behaviour in the museum. (careless) 50. By the end of last term, Jenny had become much more ______ in drawing than before. (skill) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $