2026年中考英语二轮语法专项复习课件--名词 课件

　名词 知识点 可数名词及其单、复数 1. 可数名词的分类 类别 定义 例子 个体名词 表示个别人或事物的词 football足球　cat猫　 banana香蕉　doctor医生 集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体的词 class班级　family家人　police警方　team团队 2. 可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 构成方法 例子 一般情况下，在词尾加－s book→books,map→maps,pen→pens, ruler→rulers,plant→plants, student→students,bird→birds, road→roads 多数以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词，加－es box→boxes,bus→buses,watch→watches，dish→dishes 以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变为v，再加－es leaf→leaves,wife→wives,knife→knives 构成方法 例子 以y结尾的名词 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词，把y变为i，再加－es baby→babies, country→countries 以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加－s monkey→monkeys, boy→boys 以o结尾的名词 无生命的加－s，有生命的加－es tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes, photo→photos, radio→radios, piano→pianos 3. 可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 构成方法 例子 变a为e型 man→men,woman→women, Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchwoman→Frenchwomen 变oo为ee型 foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese 在词尾加－ren child→children 单、复数形式相同的名词 sheep→sheep,deer→deer,Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加－s，特殊有几处： s结尾，es不离后；末尾字母o，大多加－s； 两人(negro,hero)有两菜(tomato,potato)，es不离口； 词尾f、fe，－s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 4．可数名词的量的表达 注：对可数名词的数量进行提问时，用how many。 5．其他情况 情况 例子 有些名词常以复数形式出现 glasses,shorts,trousers,clothes 有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数 maths,news 一些集体名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数 people,police,staff(职员) 情况 例子 集体名词表示整体/集合体，视作单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数；表示该群体的个体成员，视作复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数 ◇The family is not large. (指家庭整体) ◇The family are all music lovers. (指家庭中的成员) 有些复数形式的名词表示特别的意义 manners(礼仪),times(时代) 情况 例子 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时 一般只将最后一个名词变为复数 some boy players,two bus drivers 如果是man或woman与其所限定的名词，前后两个名词同时变为复数 men drivers，women doctors 1. (2025成都改编)Because of the archaeological(考古的)efforts over recent years,a lot of ____________ have been made in the study of China's history. 2. (2024雅安改编)Yuan Longping is one of our national ______. We admire him very much. 3. (2024眉山改编)Tom! Please brush your _____ twice a day! achievements heroes teeth 4. (2024宜宾改编)Tony can see things more clearly now with this pair of _______. 5. (2024广安改编)The green ______ start to turn gold,then brown in autumn. 6. These _____ are fed well by the old man. All of them look fat. glasses leaves sheep 知识点 不可数名词 1. 不可数名词的分类 类别 定义 例子 物质名词 表示无法分成个体的物质或材料的词 water水　meat肉 milk牛奶　wood木材 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 sadness伤心　beauty美丽 knowledge知识　information信息 2. 常见的不可数名词 3．既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词 某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的，如下表所示。 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 room 房间 空间 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 time 次/倍数 时间 orange 橘子 橙汁 wood 树林 木头，木材 paper 报纸；文件 纸 work 作品 工作 exercise 练习；习题 锻炼 light 电灯 光线 fish 鱼的种类/条数 鱼肉 experience 经历 经验 注：fish作鱼的种类讲时，是可数名词，复数为fishes；作鱼肉讲时，是不可数名词；作鱼的条数讲时，单复数同形，均为fish。 4. 不可数名词的量的表达 不可数名词需要计量时，通常用”冠词/数词＋计量名词＋of＋不可数名词”结构来表示，其中计量名词的单复数形式随其前面的冠词/数词而变。如：a glass of water 一杯水；three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡；four pieces of advice四条建议。常见的量词短语有：a box of 一盒……；a bottle of 一瓶……；a cup of 一杯……；a piece of一片/张/块……。 ※拓展 用法 常见限定词 只能修饰不可数名词的限定词 a little,little,much，a bit of，a large amount of， a good/great deal of 既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的限定词 a lot of，lots of，plenty of，some/any，all，enough，most 7. (2025达州)As students,we shouldn't depend too much on AI to finish our h________. 8. (2025乐山改编)People in Chengdu like chatting and drinking cups of green ___(tea)in the park. omework tea (　 　)9. —What would you like to buy？　—____. A. Chicken,vegetable and two kilos of rice B. Chicken,vegetables and two kilos of rice C. Chickens,vegetable and two kilo of rice D. Chicken,vegetables and two kilo of rice B 知识点 专有名词 定义 例子 表示具体的人名、地名、机构名、国名、星期、月份、节日或某一事物所特有的名称，其首字母须大写 Linda琳达 Africa非洲 Monday星期一 Teachers' Day教师节 10. (2025广安改编)National Day falls in O______ in our country. 11. (2025德阳)—You look busy. —Yes,it's M_____ today. A busy day for everyone. ctober onday 知识点 名词所有格 's所有格 构成 单数名词，词尾加-'s(以s结尾的也可只加-') the boy's book; Dickens's novels/Dickens' novels 复数名词，以s结尾的后加-'，不以s结尾的后加-'s students' reading room; children's toys 复合名词，在最后一个词的词尾加-'s the woman teacher's son 's所有格 用法 表示人、动物等有生命的名词的所有格 my father's shoes; the fish's tail 表示几个人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加-'s Lucy and Lily's room 表示每个人各自拥有，在每个名词后加-'s Lucy's and Lily's rooms 's所有格 用法 表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城镇等无生命的名词的所有格 three days' holiday; ten miles' journey； a pound's weight; China's industry 表示商铺、某人的家、诊所、餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词可以省略 at my grandpa's (home); at the doctor's (office) of所有格 表示无生命的名词的所有格 a map of the world; the window of the room 双重所有格 of＋'s所有格 a friend of my mother's; a picture of Lily's of＋名词性物主代词 two classmates of mine 12. (2025宿迁改编)In ___________(yesterday)maths lesson,our group worked out the problem after a discussion. (　 　)13. (2025达州)—Who left a notebook in the English club? —It's not ____. Maybe it's ____. A. me; Jack's B. mine; Jack's C. mine; Jack yesterday's B (　 　)14. —How far is it from your home to school? —It's about ____ from my home to school. A. 15 minutes walk B. 15 minute's walk C. 15 minutes' walk C 知识点 名词辨析 1．语境辨析 这类考题要求考生运用自己的知识积累和生活经验，根据上下文语境，推测出考题要表达的意思，从而得出正确答案。 2．近义词辨析 对于含义相近的名词，主要从语义或语法角度区分其不同之处。 (　 　)15. (2025徐州)There are many ____ in the world. Farmers grow crops. Pilots fly planes. Doctors take care of sick people. A. sports B. jobs C. hobbies D. festivals (　 　)16. (2025连云港)The use of China's first home-built ocean drilling(钻探)ship shows a big ______ forward in China's deep sea exploring. A. hole B. flag C. bridge D. step B D (　 　)17. —Did you hear any strange ____ just now? —No,I was enjoying the beautiful ____ of my favourite singer. A. sound; noise　 B. noise; voice　 C. voice; sound D. noise; sound B ※拓展：名词填空 基础过关 一、单词填空 1. (2025德阳)With the development of science and technology, r_____ using AI are getting more attention. 2. (2025眉山)If you have any t_____ with your study at school,you could ask teachers and classmates for help. 3. (2025成都)Born into a family of doctors,Liu Jiakun wasn't interested in m_______,and chose writing and painting instead. obots rouble edicine 4. (2025宿迁)Mount Huangshan is always full of v_____ the whole year. 5. (2025淮安改编)Many t____ are planted every year to make our city beautiful. 6. (2024内江)Look! There is a p____ eating bamboo in the zoo. The lovely animal is a symbol of Sichuan. 7. (2024凉山州改编)It's only five m______ walk from here,so you needn't take a bus. 8. J___ comes after June and it's one of the hottest months in Yibin. isitors rees anda inutes' uly 二、小语篇特训 (一)(2025成都改编) Living in a new country is not easy,but not for me. My 1 in China are not only about learning but also about kindness. I moved from the UK to China and began to teach in a university. Many 2 ,like visits to museums and food festivals,were organised for international students and teachers to get used to the new 3 . Through them,I made many new Chinese friends and learned more about their language and 4 . Gradually,I fitted into the university and the city I work in. Everyone around me is warm. They showed me how to use a new app,took time to go to the bank with me and helped me enter the school with QR code. The 5 I have received makes me feel at home. And my life in a new environment is less hard. (　 　)1. A. lessons B. books C. experiences (　 　)2. A. parties B. events C. clubs (　 　)3. A. environment B. work C. requirements (　 　)4. A. transport B. culture C. business (　 　)5. A. challenge B. praise C. care C B A B C (二)(2025广西改编) Many people post things online. Online sharing is a 1. ____ of our daily life now.Different kinds of apps and 2. ________ make communication easier than before. We can share what has happened recently with others. We can also give personal opinions on what we see. part websites The Internet connects us with friends,family,and even people in other 3. _________. Sometimes,when we win a prize in a singing competition or do well in a 4. ____,we may share the happy news. At times,when we take 5. ______ of beautiful views,we might also post them to share. However,not everything shared online is kind. Some can be unfriendly.Those unkind words may have unpleasant influences. Maybe people post things without thinking. They just want to play a 6. ____ and make others laugh. But these are not good reasons. countries test photos joke 能力提升 三、完形填空(2025苏州改编) Light rain continued to fall as I arrived at the mountain village. With a heavy bag on my back,I was excited to teach at a small school here,but a little 1 .”What would these students be like？” The school had only 18 students. Most were quiet, 2 they ran and laughed at break. One girl,Wen,always sat alone in the corner,seldom saying anything. On my first day in the classroom,I shared with them a 3 with the words”You are seen”on it and put it up on the wall. Some smiled shyly and some spoke quietly.”That's why I'm here，”I said. However,Wen didn't 4 . She was just drawing circles on the desk with her finger. Days passed 5 . One night,a heavy storm caused a power cut,leaving the classroom in darkness. As everyone was frozen,a soft light appeared. It was Wen who was holding a 6 in her hand.”We can still read，”she whispered. That was the first time I heard her voice. The next day,she sat 7 . In the following days,she began to 8 more. In my last class,she came up and gave me the lantern.”So you will always have some 9 ，”she smiled gently. I came to give light,but found it was quietly 10 . Volunteering isn't always loud or big. Sometimes,it's a quiet lantern — shared between the two,and shining in both directions. (　 　)1.A. bored B. relaxed C. nervous D. surprised (　 　)2.A. though B. so C. since D. when (　 　)3.A. dictionary B. poster C. cake D. cup (　 　)4.A. stand up B. give up C. wake up D. look up 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据语境及下文“She was just drawing circles on the desk with her finger.”可知，她只是用手指在书桌上画着圆圈，并没有抬起头来看。故选D。 C A B D (　 　)5.A. slowly B. quickly C. directly D. finally (　 　)6.A. book B. lantern C. candle D. lamp (　 　)7.A. farther B. lower C. closer D. longer (　 　)8.A. talk B. write C. laugh D. learn (　 　)9.A. fun B. time C. light D. hope (　 　)10.A. returned B. collected C. connected D. accepted 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据语境及上文“In my last class,she came up and gave me the lantern. ‘So you will always have some...，' she smiled gently.”可知，此处指“我”是来给予光芒的，却发现光芒被悄然回赠。故选A。 B B C A C A 四、短文填空 (一)(中华优秀传统文化) Do you know about Chinese painting? It is a(n)1. _________ part of traditional Chinese culture. It has a long 2. ______ and fine traditions in the field of art in the world. important history 3. _______ a Chinese painting,you need a writing brush,ink(墨),rice paper,and ink stone. Especially,rice paper (xuan paper)is the best tool for Chinese painting 4. _______ it allows the writing brush to move freely on it. Three main subjects of Chinese painting are human figures(人物),landscapes,and birds and 5. ______,such as the painting of ladies,the painting of mountains,and the painting of insects and fish. Figure painting became 6. ______ developed during the Tang Dynasty. And landscape painting reached 7. ___ height during the Song Dynasty. To draw because flowers highly its Two main techniques(技巧)can be 8. _____ in Chinese painting. One is gongbi,often referred to as”fine-line”painting. This style of painting pays close 9. _________ to detail. The 【解析】根据语境可知，此处指这种风格的绘画非常注重细节。pay attention to“关注；注重”，是固定搭配。故填attention。 other is freehand style,referred to as”xieyi”. It focuses more on expressing an artist's feelings. found attention Chinese paintings do not try to draw the out-looking 10. __ a subject,but its nature or character.Every area of the painting is interesting to the eye. of (二)(2025资阳) During the Chinese New Year,one of the most exciting 1._________ for children is receiving lucky money in red envelopes(红包). This tradition is not just about 2._______ money. It carries deep cultural meanings and family love. traditions getting Long ago,people 3.________ that bad things might harm children. To protect them,adults put coins in red paper. The red colour scared away bad luck 4.___ the coins brought safety. Today,the coins have become paper money. Grandparents,parents,and relatives give red envelopes while saying kind words like”Wish you 5.______ and happiness！” believed and health Even with modern changes,like digital red envelopes on phones,the most important part of this tradition 6.______ the same. Families gather, share joy,and pass down love 7.________ these bright red envelopes. It teaches young people to 8._____ family relations. Lucky money is more than 9._ gift — it's a bridge among family members and it reminds us that the 10.____ things in life are love and togetherness. remains through value a best hero　leaf　achievement　glass　sheep　tooth number　country　joke　test　part　website　photo　care important　attention　flower　painting　because　draw find　it　of　history　high　but a　and　believe　best　get　health　remain　through　tradition　value $