专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编）七年级英语下学期新教材人教版

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——意见与建议 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·河南灵宝·期中) ①When we talk about traveling, we care about safety a lot. We put on heavy coats and strong shoes to protect ourselves. But they may not look very nice on us. So can we be safe and fashionable (时尚的) at the same time during trips? ②Trousers with many pockets become hot for travelers. They can use the pockets to hold as many things as possible. So they can free their hands and take out what they need from the pockets easily and fast. ③Hiking boots (靴子) are usually brown or yellow. Young people think they are cool and can match their clothes well. So they wear them in daily life. Heavy and thick (厚的) hiking boots are also good for hiking. They can keep our feet warm and protect them during trips. ④Now, many things can make us safe and fashionable. It’s okay we ask for being fashionable during trips. But always remember to put safety first. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What are the advantages (优势) of trousers with many pockets? A．Helping people take important things. B．Making people look fashionable. C．Making sure things are never lost. D．Helping people free their hands and get things out easily and fast. 2．What does the underlined word “match” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．搭配 B．配对 C．和……比赛 D．购买 3．What inference can we make from Paragraph 3 and 4? A．People wear hiking boots in daily life to keep warm. B．Hiking boots are too heavy to wear in daily life. C．We should still put safety first when we travel. D．Being fashionable is as important as being safe. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Boots. B．Clothes. C．Pockets. D．Trousers. 5．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了旅行中兼具安全与时尚的装备（如多口袋裤子和徒步靴），并强调旅行时应在追求时尚的同时优先考虑安全。 1． 细节理解题。根据“They can use the pockets to hold as many things as possible. So they can free their hands and take out what they need from the pockets easily and fast.”可知，多口袋裤子的优势是帮助人们解放双手，并且能轻松快速地取出物品。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Young people think they are cool and can match their clothes well. So they wear them in daily life.”可知，年轻人觉得徒步靴很酷，且能与衣服很好地“搭配”，所以才在日常生活中穿着。因此“match”意为“搭配”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段对徒步靴实用性和时尚性的描述，以及第四段中“But always remember to put safety first.”可推断出，旅行时仍应将安全放在首位。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据“Hiking boots (靴子) are usually brown or yellow. Young people think they are cool and can match their clothes well. So they wear them in daily life.”可知，徒步鞋通常是棕色或黄色的。年轻人认为它们很酷，可以很好地搭配衣服，所以他们在日常生活中穿它们，因此“them”指代“Boots”。故选A。 5．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出旅行中安全与时尚能否兼顾的问题，第二段和第三段分别以多口袋裤子和徒步靴为例进行说明，第四段总结强调安全优先。整体结构为“总—分—总”，对应B选项。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·山东济南槐荫区·期中) Autumn is a good season to do sports, because the weather is nice. But you should be careful about your body. Your body works more slowly, so you shouldn’t do lots of sports. Here are some suggestions (建议). Drink water. It is often very dry (干燥的) in autumn and your body loses water easily. So it is good to drink 500 ml of water two hours before you exercise. But be careful you cannot drink water after you finish your exercise. Just do it about 15 minutes after that. Warm up your body. Before you do any sports, remember to do some warming-up (热身) activities such as walking or morning exercises to get your body ready for the sport. Have outdoor activities. It is cool outside and the air is much better. So outdoor activities like climbing hills, riding bikes and running or jogging are much fun. These can help you lose more fat (脂肪), get you relaxed (放松的) and help you work well. Do not eat too much after the sport. If you eat too much food, it is better not to do any sports. You can have some fruit or vegetables if you really want to eat something. 1．How many suggestions does the writer give? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．What is the best time to drink water when we exercise? A．Fifteen minutes before exercising. B．Two hours before exercising. C．Two hours after exercising. D．When we are exercising. 3．Why should we do some warming-up activities before any sports? A．It makes our body ready. B．We can be relaxed. C．We can lose more fat. D．It makes us drink more water. 4．What can you eat after the sport? A．Three hamburgers. B．Beijing roast duck. C．One apple. D．Lots of noodles. 5．What can be a suitable title (标题) for the text? A．Autumn—My favourite season B．How to have outdoor activities C．Doing sports is very important D．Some suggestions on doing sports 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了在运动中如何避免伤害的一些建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Drink water.”，“Warm up your body.”，“Have outdoor activities.”以及“Do not eat too much after the sport.”可知，文中提到了四条建议。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“So it is good to drink 500 ml of water two hours before you exercise.”可知，在运动前两小时喝500毫升的水是很好的，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Before you do any sports, remember to do some warming-up (热身) activities such as walking or morning exercises to get your body ready for the sport.”可知，运动之前做一些热身活动是为了让你的身体为运动做好准备，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Do not eat too much after the sport. If you eat too much food, it is better not to do any sports. You can have some fruit or vegetables if you really want to eat something.”可知，运动之后可以吃点水果或蔬菜，故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Your body works more slowly, so you shouldn’t do lots of sports. Here are some suggestions (建议).”及全文的介绍可知，文章主要是介绍在运动中如何避免伤害的一些建议，故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·安徽合肥四十八中·期中) Playing a sport well may be difficult at first, but don’t worry. The following is some advice for you. ________ If you don’t know which sport you like to play, try a few! The PE class is usually a great chance to try new sports. Get the right equipment (装备). You can ask your parents for help. For example, you can ask your parents to buy you a pair of soccer shoes by doing housework for two months for them. Practise, practise and practise. Practise playing your favourite sport with your friends as much as you can. If you don’t have anyone to play with, then practise by yourself. Sometimes you may get the chance to make new friends when you play. Eat healthily. A healthy body is very important in playing sports. Stop eating hamburgers and ice cream. Try to eat a lot of fresh (新鲜的) fruit and vegetables. Stop eating high-calorie foods like chocolate and cakes. Try to eat some healthy foods like carrots and apples. Watch games. Watch games to see how the players play. The more games you watch, the more you will know about the sport. 1．What can we put into the “________” in Paragraph 2? A．Ask your friends for help. B．Find the sport you like. C．Play sports with your friends. D．Have fun in PE classes. 2．What’s the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Practice is very important. B．It’s good for us to practise by ourselves. C．We should practise with our friends. D．Practice helps us make friends. 3．Why does the writer ask us to watch games? A．Because it makes us love doing sports. B．Because it inspires us to be more active. C．Because it makes us always feel relaxed. D．Because it helps us learn more about a sport. 4．What is the structure of the passage? (P1 = Paragraph 1, etc) A． B． C． D． 5．In which part of your school newspaper can you read the passage? A．School News. B．Science Class. C．English Corner. D．Sports World. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何做好一项运动。 1．推理判断题。根据“If you don’t know which sport you like to play, try a few! The PE class is usually a great chance to try new sports.”可知，此处讲的是找到自己喜欢的运动，因此，选项B“找到你喜欢的运动”符合语境。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Practise, practise and practise.”可知，第四段讲述的是练习的重要性。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The more games you watch, the more you will know about the sport.”可知，你看的比赛越多，你对这项运动的了解就越多。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段总起全文，引出下文；第二段到第六段都是分别在讲述如何做好一项运动，所以文章是总—分结构。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“Playing a sport well may be difficult at first, but don’t worry. The following is some advice for you.”并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何做好一项运动。由此推知，我们能在校报的“体育世界”板块读到这篇文章。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·安徽合肥肥东圣泉中学·期中) For Wilson, the most important thing to take with him when he travels is his mobile phone. He checks the weather and buys his plane tickets on the Internet, and he uses his mobile phone to make his travel plans. “I don’t even need to print my tickets out any more,” says Wilson. “I can do everything online.” How people travel and go on a holiday is different now. There is a lot of information about weather, planes, hotels, and places to visit on the Internet. People can plan their holidays just in some clicks. Today everything is easy and fast. Many people do not use guidebooks any more because it is convenient to get information they need online. They just go on the Internet to get the maps. Travelers can also write about and share photos of the places, hotels, shops and restaurants. This means other people can read about this travel information and choose where to visit and what to buy. The Internet has made it easy for everyone to share their travelling with each other. 1．What does the underlined word “convenient” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．繁琐的 B．方便的 C．舒适的 D．有用的 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．It’s difficult to get information about travelling. B．People can plan their holidays on the Internet. C．Lots of people still choose to use guidebooks. D．Travelers can’t share their travel online easily. 3．Where can we read this passage? A．In a magazine. B．In a postcard. C．In a poster. D．In a storybook. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文以威尔逊的旅行经历为例，介绍了近年来人们旅行方式的变化。此外，人们不再依赖指南书，而是通过旅游网站获取地图和信息，还能分享旅行体验，让他人参考。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Many people do not use guidebooks any more”可知，人们不再使用指南书，因此推测从网上获取信息是便利的，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“People can plan their holidays just in some clicks.”可知，人们可以在互联网上计划假期。故选B。 3．推理判断题。文章主题是互联网如何改变旅行方式，属于生活、科技类信息性短文，杂志常见此类文章，故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·广东广州第一一三中学·期中) Copenhagen (哥本哈根) is the capital of Denmark, but its closest city, Malmö (马尔默), is actually in Sweden. Both cities are on the coast and are at opposite ends of the Oresund Bridge. Copenhagen and Malmö are close to each other, but they are very different. Malmö is smaller and quieter than Copenhagen. It has a beautiful old town and the port is home to Sweden’s tallest building. However, if you’re a tourist and you want new experiences, Malmö is perhaps not exciting enough. Copenhagen is certainly more lively, and has more cultural events than Malmö. However, things are also much more expensive in Copenhagen. In fact, many Danish families choose to live in Malmö because the cost of living is lower there. Every day, they travel across the bridge to work in Copenhagen. In short, both cities are interesting and have a lot to offer visitors. Copenhagen is better for sightseeing and tourist activities. However, I think Malmö is probably the best place to stay because hotels and food there are cheaper. It’s very easy to travel over to Copenhagen, so you can enjoy both the quieter Malmö—and the more exciting Danish capital. 1．Which city has Sweden’s tallest building? A．Malmö. B．Copenhagen. C．Both cities. D．Neither city. 2．From the passage, what can we know about the two cities? A．The two cities are far from the sea. B．The two cities have a lot in common. C．Most tourists prefer to stay in Copenhagen because it's more exciting. D．The Oresund Bridge makes it convenient to travel between the two cities. 3．What is the writer’s suggestion for tourists? A．Visit both cities but stay in neither. B．Only visit Malmö because it’s quieter. C．Visit both cities but stay in Malmö. D．Stay in Copenhagen because it’s more exciting. 4．Where can we read this article? A．a science book B．a travel magazine C．a novel D．a website about history 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了丹麦首都哥本哈根和瑞典城市马尔默这两个城市的特点，包括城市规模、生活成本、旅游吸引力等，并给出了对于游客在这两个城市旅游和居住的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Malmö is smaller and quieter than Copenhagen. It has a beautiful old town and the port is home to Sweden’s tallest building.”可知，马尔默拥有瑞典最高的建筑。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Both cities are on the coast and are at opposite ends of the Oresund Bridge.”以及最后一段“It’s very easy to travel over to Copenhagen, so you can enjoy both the quieter Malmö—and the more exciting Danish capital.”可知，厄勒海峡大桥使得在这两个城市之间旅行很方便。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“However, I think Malmö is probably the best place to stay because hotels and food there are cheaper. It’s very easy to travel over to Copenhagen, so you can enjoy both the quieter Malmö—and the more exciting Danish capital.”可知，作者建议游客游览两个城市，但住在马尔默。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容，主要介绍了丹麦首都哥本哈根和瑞典城市马尔默这两个城市的特点，并给出了对于游客在这两个城市旅游和居住的建议，由此可推知，这篇文章可能出现在旅游杂志上。故选B。 Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·重庆实验中学教育集团·期中) Chongqing is a really cool city in China, and the people here are great. People in Chongqing are nice and honest (耿直的) . In their daily life, they do lots of fun things. After a day’s work, you can see many people in the local parks. They like walking, talking with friends, or just sitting around to enjoy the fresh air. Old people often play Chinese chess (象棋) together. They laugh and talk about their life. Young people may go jogging (慢跑) or play badminton (羽毛球) to keep them healthy. Food is very important to Chongqing people. They really love hot pot. Everyone likes the spicy taste of hot pot. Families and friends often go to hot pot restaurants. They sit around the table and cook all kinds of food like meat, vegetables, and mushrooms in the boiling pot. You can hear people talking and laughing in the restaurant. On weekends, people in Chongqing always have a good time. Some families choose to go to the countryside (乡下) to enjoy nature. They might have a picnic, breathe (呼吸) in the fresh air, and relax away from the busy city. Others like to go shopping in the big malls. The malls are full of people looking for new clothes, cool things, or just having fun. People in Chongqing really know how to enjoy life. They love their city and their life. 1．The old people in Chongqing often ________ in the park. A．jog B．play badminton C．play Chinese chess D．go shopping 2．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．hot pot is the only food in Chongqing B．people in Chongqing don’t like to stay at home C．the countryside near Chongqing is very beautiful D．there are no good restaurants in Chongqing 3．The underlined word “spicy” in paragraph 3 means ________. A．苦的 B．辛辣的 C．甜的 D．酸的 4．The writer thinks the people in Chongqing ________. A．are lazy (无聊的). B．are hard-working (勤劳的) but not friendly. C．only care about eating hot pot. D．are interesting and know how to enjoy life. 5．The main idea of this passage is ________. A．the food in Chongqing. B．the parks in Chongqing. C．the weekend activities in Chongqing. D．the people and their life in Chongqing. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了重庆人及其生活。 1．细节理解题。根据“Old people often play Chinese chess (象棋) together.”可知，重庆的老人们常在公园里下象棋。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Some families choose to go to the countryside (乡下) to enjoy nature… breathe (呼吸) in the fresh air”可推断，重庆周边的乡村环境优美。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“They really love hot pot”及火锅的常见特点（辣），可推测spicy指“辛辣的”。故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据“People in Chongqing are nice and honest (耿直的)”和“People in Chongqing really know how to enjoy life.”可知，作者认为重庆人有趣且懂生活。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕重庆人的性格、日常生活、饮食和周末活动展开，主要介绍重庆人及其生活方式。故选D。 主题03 人与自然——动物与植物 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·湖南株洲二中·期中) Do you want to grow plants in your house during the cold weather? If so, I will introduce you to a special plant called bay laurel that can make your home smell nice. Bay laurel has a good smell and it’s easy for you to plant it inside your house. You just put it near a window in the cold weather. When it is warm in your house and you keep watering it, they will grow better. Bay laurel comes from the warm places of the world. The place is cool but not cold during winter because it gets lots of sunlight. If you want to grow bay laurel inside, you can cut long branches (枝杈). It will grow like a small tree if you do this. Besides, bay laurel has dark green leaves, and it makes a nice smell when you cut its leaves. The leaves of bay laurel can be put into food to make the soup taste better. Remember to wash the leaves before you put them into your dishes. So bay laurel is not only a plant, but also a kind of food. 1．Bay laurel can ________. A．grow without water B．make the house warm C．make your home smell nice 2．If we ________, we can help bay laurel grow like a small tree. A．give it a lot of water every day B．plant it in sand without soil C．cut some of its long branches 3．Which of the following is TRUE about bay laurel? A．It can make soup taste better. B．We can use it to draw pictures. C．It is only a plant and has no other use. 4．Why does the writer write the passage (文章)? A．To ask people to plant more plants at home. B．To introduce a kind of indoor plant in winter. C．To tell us how to find bay laurel. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了月桂树这种可以在寒冷天气在室内种植的特殊植物，包括其种植方法、特点及用途等。 1．细节理解题。根据“If so, I will introduce you to a special plant called bay laurel that can make your home smell nice.”可知，月桂树能让你的家闻起来很香。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“If you want to grow bay laurel inside, you can cut long branches (枝杈). It will grow like a small tree if you do this.”可知，如果我们剪掉一些它的长树枝，我们可以帮助月桂树长得像一棵小树。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The leaves of bay laurel can be put into food to make the soup taste better.”可知，月桂树的叶子可以放入食物中，使汤的味道更好。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了月桂树这种可以在寒冷天气在室内种植的特殊植物，包括其种植方法、特点及用途等。所以作者写这篇文章是为了介绍一种冬季室内植物。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·北京海淀外国语实验学校·期中) Have you ever seen a blind person on the bus with a dog? This dog is most likely a service animal. A service animal is an animal that is trained to do things for people who cannot do them alone because of disability. Dogs are most usually used as service animals because they are intelligent animals. They also have a good sense of smell and can sense dangerous situations. In addition, dogs are easy to train and are loyal to their owners. When in danger, dogs will do anything to keep their owners safe. Service dogs are sometimes called guide dogs or hearing dogs. These dogs can help people who cannot see or hear. They are trained to open and close a door, push a button, and listen to a command. If some people need medical attention, the dogs are trained to bark and get help. Dogs can also be used as therapy dogs. They may visit a school or hospital to help people who are feeling lonely or anxious. Therapy dogs can provide kindness and love to improve a person’s mood, which can then improve that person’s health. Although dogs are the most common service animals, there are other animals that can be trained to be service animals as well. You might see a cat, a rabbit or a horse that is used as a service animal. These animals can keep a person company and become a good friend. 1．What is the best title for this passage? A．How to improve health B．Animals that people can keep C．How to train dogs D．Service animals that help people 2．What do therapy dogs do? A．They are trained to bark and get help. B．They make people feel happier. C．They make people feel tired. D．They can help with all the health problems. 3．Which of the following is true? A．Animals cannot be used to do jobs for people. B．Dogs are more difficult to train than cats. C．Dogs can help improve people’s health by making them feel happy. D．Other animals cannot be used as service animals because they are not smart. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了各种“服务动物”，它们经训练能够帮助残障人士，提供辅助及陪伴。 1．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文核心围绕“服务动物”展开，D选项适合作为文章标题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They may visit a school or hospital to help people who are feeling lonely or anxious. Therapy dogs can provide kindness and love to improve a person’s mood, which can then improve that person’s health.”可知，治疗犬通过陪伴改善情绪。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Therapy dogs can provide kindness and love to improve a person’s mood, which can then improve that person’s health.”可知，治疗犬可以提供善意和爱来改善一个人的情绪，从而改善这个人的健康。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·陕西西安工业大学附属中学·期中) Capybaras are the largest living rodents (啮齿动物) in the world. They mostly live in South America. They have short hair. It can be yellow, red or brown. They have big noses, short legs and small ears. There are two kinds of capybaras. The larger kind may be 130 cm long and weigh up to 79 kg. The smaller capybaras grow to about 100 cm long and weigh about 27 kg. Capybaras are good swimmers and can stay underwater for up to five minutes. They like to sleep in water to stay away from the hot sun. Capybaras usually live in small groups of about 10 to 20 animals. They are plant eaters and normally eat in the morning and evening. They eat water plants, melons and so on. Capybaras are friendly animals and are good at quickly making friends with some animals. Capybaras like to stay by themselves, but if some animals try to get close to them, they will not run away and will spend time with them. What’s more, capybaras can help provide food for some animals. Monkeys and birds can ride on the back of a capybara. They look for lice (虱子) in the capybara’s coat to eat. People find capybaras are free and quiet. Many people say they love these animals a lot. 1．Capybaras are divided (分成) into two kinds according to their ________. A．color. B．size C．hair. D．habit. 2．From the passage, we can know that ________. ① Most of Capybaras live in South Africa.    ② Capybaras are good at swimming. ③ Capybaras like to sleep in the water to enjoy the sun.     ④Capybaras usually eat plants. A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④ 3．Why do monkeys and birds ride on the back of a capybara? A．Because they want to play with the capybara. B．Because they can take care of the capybara. C．Because they can find something to eat in the capybara’s coat. D．Because they can feed the capybara. 4．Which of the following words is the closest to the meaning of the word “provide”? A．taste. B．serve. C．improve. D．save. 5．What is the purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To ask people to protect capybaras. B．To introduce capybaras’ friends to people. C．To share some information about capybaras with people. D．To tell students to make a survey about capybaras. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水豚的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“There are two kinds of capybaras. The larger kind may be 130 cm long… The smaller capybaras grow to about 100 cm long…”可知，根据大小将水豚分成两类。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Capybaras are good swimmers and can stay underwater for up to five minutes.”以及“They are plant eaters and normally eat in the morning and evening.”可知，水豚擅长游泳，是食草动物，②④正确。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“They look for lice (虱子) in the capybara’s coat to eat.”可知，因为猴子和鸟会在水豚身上找虱子吃。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“What’s more, capybaras can help provide food for some animals.”可知，水豚可以为一些动物提供食物。“provide”意为“提供、供给”，与“serve”意义最接近。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要是介绍水豚的相关信息，选项C“与人们分享一些有关水豚的信息”与文章目的相符。故选C。 主题01 人与自我——饮食与健康 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·江苏淮安外国语学校·期中) What’s the best way to boil (煮) an egg? Scientists in Italy think the answer is “periodic (周期的) cooking”. In cooking, we often talk about two parts of the egg. One is the yolk (蛋黄) and the other is the egg white. They have different nutrients (营养) and need different temperatures for cooking. So, it is difficult to cook both parts just right once and for all. Scientists first ran tests on a computer. They found that changing the water from hot to warm again and again was a good way. It may help the yolk and egg white reach their perfect temperatures at different times. Then, the scientists tried the new way on real eggs. They put the eggs in boiling water (100℃), and moved them to 30℃ water every two minutes. They kept doing this for 32 minutes, and then cooled the eggs under running water. The eggs tasted wonderful. The egg white was very soft and the yolk was creamy (奶油般的). Other ways of boiling eggs ● Hard-boiling: Eggs stay in boiling water for 10 to 12 minutes. It makes the egg rubbery (有弹力的). ● Soft-boiling: Eggs sit in boiling water for 4 to 6 minutes. The yolk is still a little runny by the end. ● Sous vide (低温慢煮): Eggs stay in warm water between 60℃ and 70℃ for at least an hour. It makes both the yolk and egg white creamy. 1．What is the main purpose of the scientists’ research? A．To compare different egg nutrients. B．To invent a faster way to boil eggs. C．To explain why eggs taste creamy. D．To achieve perfect cooking for both yolk and egg white. 2．Why is it difficult to cook egg yolk and egg white perfectly at the same time? A．They have different sizes. B．They require different temperatures. C．They react differently to running water. D．They take different times to cool down. 3．How did scientists test the periodic cooking method? A．By using eggs with creamy yolks. B．By keeping eggs in 100°C water for 32 minutes. C．By switching (转换) between 100°C and 30°C water repeatedly. D．By adding nutrients to the cooking water. 4．The word “runny” in “Soft-boiling” most likely means ______. A．hard and dry B．liquid and not fully solid C．creamy and smooth D．cold and tasteless 5．Which of the following can be inferred about sous vide? A．It is the fastest way to boil eggs. B．It makes the egg white very runny. C．It requires higher temperatures than periodic cooking. D．It takes longer time than periodic cooking. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过实验，得出了煮鸡蛋的最佳方法。 1．推理判断题。根据“So, it is difficult to cook both parts just right once and for all.”及后文内容可推知，科学家研究的核心目的是让蛋黄与蛋白都能被完美烹饪。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They have different nutrients and need different temperatures for cooking. So, it is difficult to cook both parts just right once and for all.”可知，蛋黄与蛋白很难同时煮好的原因是它们需要不同的温度。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They put the eggs in boiling water (100℃), and moved them to 30℃water every two minutes. They kept doing this for 32 minutes...”可知，科学家们将鸡蛋放入100℃沸水，每两分钟移到30℃水中，重复该操作32分钟，即反复在100℃和30℃水中切换。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“Soft-boiling: Eggs sit in boiling water for 4 to 6 minutes. The yolk is still a little runny by the end.”及常识可知，溏心蛋的蛋黄应是半流动状态的，未完全凝固的。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Eggs stay in warm water between 60℃and 70℃ for at least an hour.”及“They kept doing this for 32 minutes...”可知，低温慢煮法需要花费至少一个小时，比周期烹饪法花费的时间更久。故选D。 Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·湖南衡阳船山实验中学·期中) These days, a lot of people are interested in light meals (轻食). Because they want to eat healthily. But what are light meals? Light meals usually have lots of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains (全谷物). Different from common dishes, they use a little oil, salt, and sugar. For example, a light meal can be a big bowl of salad with cabbage, tomatoes, carrots, and some chicken. There is also some brown-rice or whole grain bread on it. People choose light meals for different reasons. Some want to lose weight because light meals only have a little fat. Others just enjoy the clean taste. Also, light meals are full of vitamins (维生素) and other good things. They are really good for our bodies. However, when we choose light meals, we should be careful. Not all light-labeled (标签) foods are really healthy. Some may have unhealthy things. So, it’s important to read the food labels carefully before you buy the food. All in all, light meals can be good for a healthy life if we can choose cleverly. 1．Which of the following may be light meals? A．Ice-cream. B．Chocolate. C．Vegetable salad. 2．Why do some people choose light meals? ①They only have a little fat. ②They have clean taste. ③They have a lot of good things. ④They have much sugar. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ 3．What should we do when we choose light meals? A．Just choose the food with labels. B．Buy the light meals with good taste. C．Read the food labels carefully. 4．What is the purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To show us a kind of healthy food. B．To encourage us to lose weight. C．To change our exercise habits. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了轻食的概念、人们选择轻食的原因及注意事项。 1．推理判断题。根据“Light meals usually have lots of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.”和“For example, a light meal can be a big bowl of salad with cabbage, tomatoes, carrots, and some chicken.”可知，轻食通常包含许多蔬菜、水果和全谷物，蔬菜沙拉符合轻食特点。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some want to lose weight because light meals only have a little fat. Others just enjoy the clean taste. Also, light meals are full of vitamins and other good things.”可知，有些人选择轻食是因为它们只含有少量脂肪、口味清淡或富含维生素和其他优质营养物质，选项①②③符合。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“So, it’s important to read the food labels carefully before you buy the food.”可知，当我们选择轻食时，应仔细阅读食品标签。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕轻食展开，介绍了轻食是什么、人们选择它的原因、选择时的注意事项等，是向我们介绍一种健康食物。故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·广东江门福泉奥林匹克学校·期中) A lot of people play sports, but very few people become sports professionals (职业运动员). Then why should you play sports if sports aren’t going to be your future? Doing sports has many advantages for young people. For one thing, they teach them how to communicate (沟通) and work as a team. For example, football is teamwork. When you are in the team, you need to communicate with your teammates and work with them. Sports teach young people to respect (尊重) their teammates and other people as well. Sports help young people keep away from problems. If a young person plays sports, he or she might not have so many problems. This is because sports teach young people about rules. They also know that if they work hard, they might win. Sports make young people go out of their houses. These days, a lot of students spend too much time watching TV and playing games on a mobile phone. When they play sports, they go outside and exercise in the sun. They take in fresh air. All of these things are important for their health. In fact, it doesn’t matter whether (是否) you will become a sports professional or not. Sports will help you become a better and happier person. Sports may also bring you friends and keep you healthy. Last but not least, sports are fun! 1．Why do sports help young people keep away from problems? A．Because sports make them communicate with their parents. B．Because sports teach them about rules and the value of hard work. C．Because sports are only for fun. D．Because sports make them study better. 2．What does the underlined word “advantages” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．好处 B．问题 C．情况 D．经验 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Sports may cause many problems. B．Teamwork is not important in sports. C．Sports make young people go outside and exercise. D．Many young people can become sports professionals. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sports are only for people who want to become professional athletes. B．Playing sports can help young people in many ways, even if they don’t become professionals. C．The only advantage of playing sports is to stay healthy. D．Young people should spend more time on their studies and not waste time on sports. 5．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A science book. B．An art magazine. C．A storybook. D．A sports magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了体育运动对年轻人的多重益处，即使不成为职业运动员，参与运动也能培养沟通能力、团队合作精神、规则意识，并促进身心健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sports help young people keep away from problems...This is because sports teach young people about rules. They also know that if they work hard, they might win.”可知，‌运动通过规则教育和努力价值观的培养，减少年轻人的行为问题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。 根据第二段“they teach them how to communicate (沟通) and work as a team...Sports teach young people to respect (尊重) their teammates and other people as well.”，第三段“Sports help young people keep away from problems.”以及第四段“Sports make young people go out of their houses.”可知，文中列举了运动给人们带来的好处；结合第二段“Doing sports has many advantages for young people.”可推知，此处应表示运动对年轻人有许多好处。因此，advantages意为“好处”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Sports make young people go out of their houses...When they play sports, they go outside and exercise in the sun.”可知，运动促使年轻人外出活动。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了体育运动对年轻人的多重益处，即使不成为职业运动员，参与运动也能培养沟通能力、团队合作精神、规则意识，并促进身心健康。故选B。 5．推理判断题。文章围绕运动的价值展开，列举其社交、健康等实际益处，符合体育类杂志的选题方向。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——文化 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·甘肃金昌第三中学·期中) Different schools have different rules. Some of these rules are unusual. Let’s take a look at some of them! In some parts of the US, students can ride horses to school. They have special places to tie (拴) up their horses and keep them safe. This is because riding horses is very common (常见的) in those places. In South Korea, students wear uniforms at school and outside school. This is to show discipline (纪律) even outside of class. You can see many students wearing the same uniforms. They often wait for the bus or walk together. In Germany, students have a rule to call their teachers. They use formal (正式的) titles like “Herr” or “Frau”. They do this to show respect for their teachers. It’s important for them to be polite and respectful to their teachers all the time. In Finland, students have a special rule. No matter what the weather is like, they always have outdoor playtime. Even if it’s raining or snowing, they go outside to play games in nature. This is because they believe playtime is important for learning and health. These unusual school rules show us how different countries have their different ways of doing things. It’s interesting to see how rules can be special and show the values (价值) and traditions (传统) of each place. 1．In ________, students can ride horses to school. A．Germany B．South Korea C．the US D．China 2．Why do Korean students always wear uniforms? A．To show discipline. B．To show their school spirit. C．To show their respect for their school. D．Because they love their school. 3．What can you know from the special rule in Finland? A．Students don’t have much outdoor playtime. B．Students can play games outside even on rainy days. C．Students don’t go outside to play games in nature D．Students always use formal titles to call their teacher. 4．How many countries are mentioned (提到) in the passage? A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了不同国家的学校特殊规则反映了各自的文化价值观与传统。 1．细节理解题。根据“In some parts of the US, students can ride horses to school.”可知，在美国的一些地方，学生可以骑马上学。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This is to show discipline even outside of class.”可知，韩国学生穿校服是为了在课外也展示纪律性。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Even if it’s raining or snowing, they go outside to play games in nature.”可知，即使下雨或下雪，芬兰学生也会去户外玩游戏。即芬兰学生即使在雨天也能在户外玩游戏。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“In the US”；“In South Korea”；“In Germany”；“In Finland”可知，文章中提到了美国、韩国、德国和芬兰这4个国家。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·黑龙江大庆景园中学·期中) Saihanba is China’s largest forest. It lies on the south of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (内蒙古自治区). Saihanba means “beautiful and high mountains”. Around the 10th century, the rulers of the Liao Dynasty (916—1125) made it a royal (皇家的) hunting place because it was home to beautiful forests, green grasslands, clear lakes and different kinds of wild animals. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911) liked Saihanba so much that he made hunting there a royal festival. The royal festival finally stopped in 1860 because of no money and it had to be open to the public. After that, the cutting down of trees and wild fires changed green Saihanba into gray deserts. By the 1950s, the beauty of Saihanba had completely disappeared with only one tree left. The tree is now famous as “the Tree of Honor”. On seeing the tree, Chinese scientists made up their minds and dreamt of restoring Saihanba. In February, 1962, the plans were made and more than 120 foresters joined 242 local people in Saihanba to begin rebuilding it. Over the next 55 years, those first tree-planters fought against many difficulties to continue planting trees. After their death, their children and relatives followed their footsteps and went on with their hard work of planting trees. Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and beautiful grassland and flowers appear again around the tree of honor. Chinese people successfully changed Saihanba in the past half-century. 1．What’s the right order of events (事件) given in Paragraph 2? ①Saihanba became a royal hunting place. ②Saihanba was a desert and disappeared. ③Saihanba wasn’t closed to the public any more. ④Saihanba turned into the place for royal hunting festivals. A．①③②④ B．①③④② C．①④③② D．①④②③ 2．What does the underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Looking around. B．Bringing back. C．Arriving at. D．Travelling to. 3．According to Paragraph 4, how does the writer feel about Chinese people? A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Cheerful. D．Nervous. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P1—Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title of this passage? A．Saihanba: Past and Present B．The Largest Forest in China C．The Disappearing Saihanba D．The Tree of Honor in Saihanba 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了中国最大森林塞罕坝从过去的皇家猎场、后来变沙漠，到1962年起经人重建，如今重现美丽的历程。 1．推理判断题。根据“Around the 10th century, the rulers of the Liao Dynasty (916—1125) made it a royal (皇家的) hunting place”和“Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911) liked Saihanba so much that he made hunting there a royal festival”和“The royal festival finally stopped in 1860 because of no money and it had to be open to the public”以及“By the 1950s, the beauty of Saihanba had completely disappeared with only one tree left”可知，正确顺序为①④③②，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“On seeing the tree, Chinese scientists made up their minds and dreamt of restoring Saihanba”以及“Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and beautiful grassland and flowers appear again around the tree of honor”可知，科学家看到“功勋树”后，梦想让塞罕坝恢复往日的样子，且最终梦想实现，美丽的草原和花朵再次出现。“restoring”应意为“恢复、使回归”，与“Bringing back”含义相近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and beautiful grassland and flowers appear again around the tree of honor. Chinese people successfully changed Saihanba in the past half-century”可知，作者描述了科学家的梦想成真，塞罕坝重现美丽景象，还强调中国人在过去半个世纪成功改变了塞罕坝。字里行间透露出对中国人这一成就的自豪之情。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总起，明确塞罕坝的核心身份与基础信息，为后文展开铺垫。第二、三段围绕塞罕坝的 “历史衰败” 与 “生态修复启动” 展开。第四段点明修复梦想的实现，总结塞罕坝生态逆转的成果，升华主题。所以文章是总分总结构。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕塞罕坝的过去、重建以及现状进行展开。故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·黑龙江大庆景园中学·期中) Why did Chinese people have more than one name in ancient times? In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name. Take famous poet Li Bai for example. His family name, which came from his father’s name, was Li. His given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai. People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar age. If you were talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name. Men would get their courtesy names when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood (成年). Women would get their courtesy names after getting married. One’s courtesy name often had something to do with one’s given name. For example, the name of Mencius was Meng Ke. His courtesy name was Ziyu. Both Ke and Ziyu mean “carriage (马车)”. Zhuge Liang’s given name was Liang, which means “bright”. His courtesy name was Kongming, which means “very bright”. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How many parts are there in people’s names in ancient China? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 2．What do the underlined words “courtesy name” in paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．名 B．姓氏 C．字 D．昵称 3．Why did people call each other by their courtesy names in social life? A．To show their love. B．To show their good relationship. C．To show their kindness. D．To show their respect. 4．What would be used if your elders were talking about you according to the passage? A．Family name. B．Nickname. C．Given name. D．Courtesy name. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The famous poet Li Bai. B．Three parts of ancient names. C．The ancient names and the modern names. D．The development of names. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name”可知，在中国古代，人们的名字由三部分组成。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。结合后文李白的举例“His family name, which came from his father’s name, was Li. His given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai.”可知，三部分包括了姓、名和字，所以courtesy表示“字”，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect”可知，在社交生活中，人们会以对方的“字”相称，以此表示尊重。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name”可知，如果长者谈论你会用名来称呼，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义，故选B。 主题03 人与自然——动物与植物 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·河南郑州玉溪初级中学·期中) Mother’s Day is a day for people to thank their mothers, but you may not know that there are also many great mothers in the animal world. Let’s have a look. Elephants’ mothers carry (怀孕) their babies for a long time—20 to 22 months. Baby elephants can’t see well at first, so they stay close to their mothers for the first few months of their lives. Orangutans’ (猩猩) mothers are special. For example, they either build a new house or return to an old one every night. Their babies will stay together with their mothers for many years. Baby orangutans depend on (依靠) their mothers longer than any other land animal. Octopuses (章鱼) reproduce only once in their lives and can lay (产卵) up to 200,000 eggs. The mothers protect (保护) these eggs for as long as possible. Scientists even saw one deep-sea octopus protecting her eggs for 53 months. 1．If a mother elephant carries a baby in May, 2025, when will she probably give birth to (诞生) her baby? A．In December, 2025 B．In March, 2026. C．In May, 2026. D．In March, 2027. 2．Why are orangutans’ mothers special? ①Because they will protect their eggs for as long as possible. ②Because their babies will stay with them for many years. ③Because they will teach their babies how to find food and stay safe. ④Because they either build a new house or return to an old one every night. A．①② B．②③ C．②④ D．①④ 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “reproduce” in Paragraph 4? A．look for B．eat food C．give birth D．make 4．What’s the structure of this text? (①=Paragraph 1...) A．①/②③/④ B．①/②③④ C．①/②/③④ D．①②③/④ 5．What’s the best title for this text? A．The Animals’ Homes B．The Cute Baby Animals C．The Fun Lives of Animals D．The Great Animal Mothers 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了动物世界中三种伟大的母亲。 1．推理判断题。根据“Elephants’ mothers carry (怀孕) their babies for a long time—20 to 22 months.”可知，大象孕期为20到22个月，所以如果一头母象在2025年5月怀孕了，那么她可能会在2027年1月至3月生下她的孩子。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Orangutans’ (猩猩) mothers are special. For example, they either build a new house or return to an old one every night. Their babies will stay together with their mothers for many years. ”可知，猩猩的妈妈很特别的原因有：每天晚上不是盖新房子就是回旧房子；幼猩猩多年依赖母亲。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Octopuses (章鱼) reproduce only once in their lives and can lay (产卵) up to 200,000 eggs.”可知，章鱼一生只繁殖一次并产卵，可推测出“reproduce”意为“繁殖、生育”，与“give birth”意思相近。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。第一段总起介绍动物母亲的主题，第二、三、四段分别描述大象、猩猩和章鱼母亲的具体例子。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Mother’s Day is a day for people to thank their mothers, but you may not know that there are also many great mothers in the animal world.”及全文内容可知，文章介绍了动物世界中三种伟大的母亲。故选D。 Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·海南万宁·期中) Animals are our friends. We know that dogs can help blind (盲的) people go to some places. Now, horses can also do it. Digby is a small American horse. Now, it is the first guide (向导) horse in England. And its owner is a blind man named Mohammed Patel. Patel is afraid of dogs, so he chooses Digby as his guide. Digby gets a lot of training (训练) with Patel. It learns to walk slowly and lead Patel to walk on the street and get books and magazines for him. It also helps Patel choose clothes when he goes shopping. Now, it is not a small horse. It is very big and about 0.8 meter tall, so Patel can’t take it to his company (公司). When Patel takes it to the office, it knocks (碰) things off the desks. So Patel has to say goodbye to Digby. Luckily, Digby has a new job. It helps blind people go on a trip around some places in London. As we know, a guide dog has only eight years of working life, but a guide horse can live for about 50 years. So a guide horse can be a “lifelong friend” for people. 1．Why does Mohammed Patel choose Digby as his guide? A．Because Digby is from America. B．Because Digby is tall. C．Because he is afraid of dogs. 2．What does the underlined word “lead” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．To keep someone from moving. B．To walk in front of someone. C．To follow someone. 3．What is Digby’s new job? A．To go shopping with people. B．To help people get magazines. C．To help blind people visit some places in London. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．A guide dog can live for about 50 years. B．A blind person can have a guide horse for only 8 years. C．A guide horse can help blind people a lot in their lives. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．It is about a guide horse—Digby. B．It is about a blind man— Patel. C．It is about Digby’s new job in London. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了一匹出色的导盲马——Digby。 1．细节理解题。根据“Patel is afraid of dogs, so he chooses Digby as his guide.”可知Patel害怕狗，所以他选择Digby作为他的向导。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It learns to walk slowly and lead Patel to walk on the street and get books and magazines for him”可知它学会了慢慢地走，并带领Patel在街上行走，为他取书和杂志，故此处划线部分意为“带领”，即“走在某人前面”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Luckily, Digby has a new job. It helps blind people go on a trip around some places in London.”可知Digby找到了一份新工作，它帮助盲人游览伦敦的一些地方。故选C。 4． 推理判断题。根据“It learns to walk slowly and lead Patel to walk on the street and get books and magazines for him. It also helps Patel choose clothes when he goes shopping”以及“It helps blind people go on a trip around some places in London.”可知Digby帮助Patel做各种事，帮助其他盲人参观伦敦等地，可以看出导盲马能在生活中给盲人很多帮助。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文介绍了一匹出色的导盲马——Digby。故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·广东深圳百外世纪初级中学·期中) Deep in the forest, a world full of life unfolds. The tall trees stand like silent guardians (守护者), their branches reaching up to the sky. The leaves rustle (沙沙作响) in the wind, as if they are telling stories of the forest. Many animals call the forest home. Squirrels jump from tree to tree, collecting nuts. Birds build their nests in the branches, singing cheerfully every morning. Rabbits hide in the bushes, jumping out now and then to take some small bites on the fresh grass. ▲ The plants provide food and shelter (避难所) for the animals. For example, the berries on the bushes are a delicious treat for the birds and small animals. In return, the animals help the plants. Birds spread the seeds of plants when they fly around, allowing new plants to grow in different places. Bees fly from flower to flower, pollinating (授粉) them so they can make fruits and seeds. The forest floor is also full of life. Tiny insects help decompose (分解) dead leaves and branches. This makes the soil rich and helps new plants grow in the forest. It’s like a big, happy family where everyone has a role to play. 1．What do the tall trees in the forest look like according to the passage? A．They look like lovely pets. B．They look like noisy neighbors. C．They look like silent guardians. D．They look like colorful umbrellas. 2．How do plants help animals in the forest? A．They provide food and shelter for animals. B．They provide toys for animals. C．They help animals fly. D．They play games with animals. 3．How do animals help plants? A．Birds eat all the seeds so new plants can’t grow. B．Bees pollinate the flowers and birds spread seeds. C．Rabbits dig holes to stop plants from growing. D．Squirrels break the branches of plants. 4．Which of the following sentences can best fill the blank ___▲___ in Paragraph 3? A．There are many kinds of plants in the forest. B．Animals are important to nature. C．Plants and animals have a special relationship. D．Rabbits are very happy and they can be safe. 5．Why is decomposing dead leaves good for the forest? A．Because the forest is a family. B．Because it can provide insects with food. C．Because there will be more space for animals to live in. D．Because new plants can grow better with rich soil. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，描绘了森林里的生态场景，讲述高大树木像卫士守护森林，众多动物以森林为家，还介绍了植物与动物间相互依存的关系，以及森林地面上小昆虫分解落叶让土壤肥沃、助力新植物生长的情况，展现森林如同一个大家庭，生物各有作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“The tall trees stand like silent guardians (守护者), their branches reaching up to the sky.”可知，高大树木看起来像沉默的卫士。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The plants provide food and shelter (避难所) for the animals.”可知，植物为动物提供食物和庇护所。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Birds spread the seeds of plants when they fly around...Bees fly from flower to flower, pollinating (授粉) them so they can make fruits and seeds.”可知，鸟类传播种子、蜜蜂授粉帮助植物。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“The plants provide food and shelter (避难所) for the animals... In return, the animals help the plants.”可知，植物给动物提供食物和庇护，动物反过来帮助植物，体现了植物和动物相互依存的特殊关系。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Tiny insects help decompose (分解) dead leaves and branches. This makes the soil rich and helps new plants grow in the forest.”可知，分解落叶能让土壤肥沃，助力新植物更好生长。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——意见与建议 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·河南灵宝·期中) ①When we talk about traveling, we care about safety a lot. We put on heavy coats and strong shoes to protect ourselves. But they may not look very nice on us. So can we be safe and fashionable (时尚的) at the same time during trips? ②Trousers with many pockets become hot for travelers. They can use the pockets to hold as many things as possible. So they can free their hands and take out what they need from the pockets easily and fast. ③Hiking boots (靴子) are usually brown or yellow. Young people think they are cool and can match their clothes well. So they wear them in daily life. Heavy and thick (厚的) hiking boots are also good for hiking. They can keep our feet warm and protect them during trips. ④Now, many things can make us safe and fashionable. It’s okay we ask for being fashionable during trips. But always remember to put safety first. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What are the advantages (优势) of trousers with many pockets? A．Helping people take important things. B．Making people look fashionable. C．Making sure things are never lost. D．Helping people free their hands and get things out easily and fast. 2．What does the underlined word “match” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．搭配 B．配对 C．和……比赛 D．购买 3．What inference can we make from Paragraph 3 and 4? A．People wear hiking boots in daily life to keep warm. B．Hiking boots are too heavy to wear in daily life. C．We should still put safety first when we travel. D．Being fashionable is as important as being safe. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Boots. B．Clothes. C．Pockets. D．Trousers. 5．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·山东济南槐荫区·期中) Autumn is a good season to do sports, because the weather is nice. But you should be careful about your body. Your body works more slowly, so you shouldn’t do lots of sports. Here are some suggestions (建议). Drink water. It is often very dry (干燥的) in autumn and your body loses water easily. So it is good to drink 500 ml of water two hours before you exercise. But be careful you cannot drink water after you finish your exercise. Just do it about 15 minutes after that. Warm up your body. Before you do any sports, remember to do some warming-up (热身) activities such as walking or morning exercises to get your body ready for the sport. Have outdoor activities. It is cool outside and the air is much better. So outdoor activities like climbing hills, riding bikes and running or jogging are much fun. These can help you lose more fat (脂肪), get you relaxed (放松的) and help you work well. Do not eat too much after the sport. If you eat too much food, it is better not to do any sports. You can have some fruit or vegetables if you really want to eat something. 1．How many suggestions does the writer give? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．What is the best time to drink water when we exercise? A．Fifteen minutes before exercising. B．Two hours before exercising. C．Two hours after exercising. D．When we are exercising. 3．Why should we do some warming-up activities before any sports? A．It makes our body ready. B．We can be relaxed. C．We can lose more fat. D．It makes us drink more water. 4．What can you eat after the sport? A．Three hamburgers. B．Beijing roast duck. C．One apple. D．Lots of noodles. 5．What can be a suitable title (标题) for the text? A．Autumn—My favourite season B．How to have outdoor activities C．Doing sports is very important D．Some suggestions on doing sports Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·安徽合肥四十八中·期中) Playing a sport well may be difficult at first, but don’t worry. The following is some advice for you. ________ If you don’t know which sport you like to play, try a few! The PE class is usually a great chance to try new sports. Get the right equipment (装备). You can ask your parents for help. For example, you can ask your parents to buy you a pair of soccer shoes by doing housework for two months for them. Practise, practise and practise. Practise playing your favourite sport with your friends as much as you can. If you don’t have anyone to play with, then practise by yourself. Sometimes you may get the chance to make new friends when you play. Eat healthily. A healthy body is very important in playing sports. Stop eating hamburgers and ice cream. Try to eat a lot of fresh (新鲜的) fruit and vegetables. Stop eating high-calorie foods like chocolate and cakes. Try to eat some healthy foods like carrots and apples. Watch games. Watch games to see how the players play. The more games you watch, the more you will know about the sport. 1．What can we put into the “________” in Paragraph 2? A．Ask your friends for help. B．Find the sport you like. C．Play sports with your friends. D．Have fun in PE classes. 2．What’s the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Practice is very important. B．It’s good for us to practise by ourselves. C．We should practise with our friends. D．Practice helps us make friends. 3．Why does the writer ask us to watch games? A．Because it makes us love doing sports. B．Because it inspires us to be more active. C．Because it makes us always feel relaxed. D．Because it helps us learn more about a sport. 4．What is the structure of the passage? (P1 = Paragraph 1, etc) A． B． C． D． 5．In which part of your school newspaper can you read the passage? A．School News. B．Science Class. C．English Corner. D．Sports World. 主题02 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·安徽合肥肥东圣泉中学·期中) For Wilson, the most important thing to take with him when he travels is his mobile phone. He checks the weather and buys his plane tickets on the Internet, and he uses his mobile phone to make his travel plans. “I don’t even need to print my tickets out any more,” says Wilson. “I can do everything online.” How people travel and go on a holiday is different now. There is a lot of information about weather, planes, hotels, and places to visit on the Internet. People can plan their holidays just in some clicks. Today everything is easy and fast. Many people do not use guidebooks any more because it is convenient to get information they need online. They just go on the Internet to get the maps. Travelers can also write about and share photos of the places, hotels, shops and restaurants. This means other people can read about this travel information and choose where to visit and what to buy. The Internet has made it easy for everyone to share their travelling with each other. 1．What does the underlined word “convenient” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．繁琐的 B．方便的 C．舒适的 D．有用的 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．It’s difficult to get information about travelling. B．People can plan their holidays on the Internet. C．Lots of people still choose to use guidebooks. D．Travelers can’t share their travel online easily. 3．Where can we read this passage? A．In a magazine. B．In a postcard. C．In a poster. D．In a storybook. Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·广东广州第一一三中学·期中) Copenhagen (哥本哈根) is the capital of Denmark, but its closest city, Malmö (马尔默), is actually in Sweden. Both cities are on the coast and are at opposite ends of the Oresund Bridge. Copenhagen and Malmö are close to each other, but they are very different. Malmö is smaller and quieter than Copenhagen. It has a beautiful old town and the port is home to Sweden’s tallest building. However, if you’re a tourist and you want new experiences, Malmö is perhaps not exciting enough. Copenhagen is certainly more lively, and has more cultural events than Malmö. However, things are also much more expensive in Copenhagen. In fact, many Danish families choose to live in Malmö because the cost of living is lower there. Every day, they travel across the bridge to work in Copenhagen. In short, both cities are interesting and have a lot to offer visitors. Copenhagen is better for sightseeing and tourist activities. However, I think Malmö is probably the best place to stay because hotels and food there are cheaper. It’s very easy to travel over to Copenhagen, so you can enjoy both the quieter Malmö—and the more exciting Danish capital. 1．Which city has Sweden’s tallest building? A．Malmö. B．Copenhagen. C．Both cities. D．Neither city. 2．From the passage, what can we know about the two cities? A．The two cities are far from the sea. B．The two cities have a lot in common. C．Most tourists prefer to stay in Copenhagen because it's more exciting. D．The Oresund Bridge makes it convenient to travel between the two cities. 3．What is the writer’s suggestion for tourists? A．Visit both cities but stay in neither. B．Only visit Malmö because it’s quieter. C．Visit both cities but stay in Malmö. D．Stay in Copenhagen because it’s more exciting. 4．Where can we read this article? A．a science book B．a travel magazine C．a novel D．a website about history Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·重庆实验中学教育集团·期中) Chongqing is a really cool city in China, and the people here are great. People in Chongqing are nice and honest (耿直的) . In their daily life, they do lots of fun things. After a day’s work, you can see many people in the local parks. They like walking, talking with friends, or just sitting around to enjoy the fresh air. Old people often play Chinese chess (象棋) together. They laugh and talk about their life. Young people may go jogging (慢跑) or play badminton (羽毛球) to keep them healthy. Food is very important to Chongqing people. They really love hot pot. Everyone likes the spicy taste of hot pot. Families and friends often go to hot pot restaurants. They sit around the table and cook all kinds of food like meat, vegetables, and mushrooms in the boiling pot. You can hear people talking and laughing in the restaurant. On weekends, people in Chongqing always have a good time. Some families choose to go to the countryside (乡下) to enjoy nature. They might have a picnic, breathe (呼吸) in the fresh air, and relax away from the busy city. Others like to go shopping in the big malls. The malls are full of people looking for new clothes, cool things, or just having fun. People in Chongqing really know how to enjoy life. They love their city and their life. 1．The old people in Chongqing often ________ in the park. A．jog B．play badminton C．play Chinese chess D．go shopping 2．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．hot pot is the only food in Chongqing B．people in Chongqing don’t like to stay at home C．the countryside near Chongqing is very beautiful D．there are no good restaurants in Chongqing 3．The underlined word “spicy” in paragraph 3 means ________. A．苦的 B．辛辣的 C．甜的 D．酸的 4．The writer thinks the people in Chongqing ________. A．are lazy (无聊的). B．are hard-working (勤劳的) but not friendly. C．only care about eating hot pot. D．are interesting and know how to enjoy life. 5．The main idea of this passage is ________. A．the food in Chongqing. B．the parks in Chongqing. C．the weekend activities in Chongqing. D．the people and their life in Chongqing. 主题03 人与自然——动物与植物 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·湖南株洲二中·期中) Do you want to grow plants in your house during the cold weather? If so, I will introduce you to a special plant called bay laurel that can make your home smell nice. Bay laurel has a good smell and it’s easy for you to plant it inside your house. You just put it near a window in the cold weather. When it is warm in your house and you keep watering it, they will grow better. Bay laurel comes from the warm places of the world. The place is cool but not cold during winter because it gets lots of sunlight. If you want to grow bay laurel inside, you can cut long branches (枝杈). It will grow like a small tree if you do this. Besides, bay laurel has dark green leaves, and it makes a nice smell when you cut its leaves. The leaves of bay laurel can be put into food to make the soup taste better. Remember to wash the leaves before you put them into your dishes. So bay laurel is not only a plant, but also a kind of food. 1．Bay laurel can ________. A．grow without water B．make the house warm C．make your home smell nice 2．If we ________, we can help bay laurel grow like a small tree. A．give it a lot of water every day B．plant it in sand without soil C．cut some of its long branches 3．Which of the following is TRUE about bay laurel? A．It can make soup taste better. B．We can use it to draw pictures. C．It is only a plant and has no other use. 4．Why does the writer write the passage (文章)? A．To ask people to plant more plants at home. B．To introduce a kind of indoor plant in winter. C．To tell us how to find bay laurel. Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·北京海淀外国语实验学校·期中) Have you ever seen a blind person on the bus with a dog? This dog is most likely a service animal. A service animal is an animal that is trained to do things for people who cannot do them alone because of disability. Dogs are most usually used as service animals because they are intelligent animals. They also have a good sense of smell and can sense dangerous situations. In addition, dogs are easy to train and are loyal to their owners. When in danger, dogs will do anything to keep their owners safe. Service dogs are sometimes called guide dogs or hearing dogs. These dogs can help people who cannot see or hear. They are trained to open and close a door, push a button, and listen to a command. If some people need medical attention, the dogs are trained to bark and get help. Dogs can also be used as therapy dogs. They may visit a school or hospital to help people who are feeling lonely or anxious. Therapy dogs can provide kindness and love to improve a person’s mood, which can then improve that person’s health. Although dogs are the most common service animals, there are other animals that can be trained to be service animals as well. You might see a cat, a rabbit or a horse that is used as a service animal. These animals can keep a person company and become a good friend. 1．What is the best title for this passage? A．How to improve health B．Animals that people can keep C．How to train dogs D．Service animals that help people 2．What do therapy dogs do? A．They are trained to bark and get help. B．They make people feel happier. C．They make people feel tired. D．They can help with all the health problems. 3．Which of the following is true? A．Animals cannot be used to do jobs for people. B．Dogs are more difficult to train than cats. C．Dogs can help improve people’s health by making them feel happy. D．Other animals cannot be used as service animals because they are not smart. Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·陕西西安工业大学附属中学·期中) Capybaras are the largest living rodents (啮齿动物) in the world. They mostly live in South America. They have short hair. It can be yellow, red or brown. They have big noses, short legs and small ears. There are two kinds of capybaras. The larger kind may be 130 cm long and weigh up to 79 kg. The smaller capybaras grow to about 100 cm long and weigh about 27 kg. Capybaras are good swimmers and can stay underwater for up to five minutes. They like to sleep in water to stay away from the hot sun. Capybaras usually live in small groups of about 10 to 20 animals. They are plant eaters and normally eat in the morning and evening. They eat water plants, melons and so on. Capybaras are friendly animals and are good at quickly making friends with some animals. Capybaras like to stay by themselves, but if some animals try to get close to them, they will not run away and will spend time with them. What’s more, capybaras can help provide food for some animals. Monkeys and birds can ride on the back of a capybara. They look for lice (虱子) in the capybara’s coat to eat. People find capybaras are free and quiet. Many people say they love these animals a lot. 1．Capybaras are divided (分成) into two kinds according to their ________. A．color. B．size C．hair. D．habit. 2．From the passage, we can know that ________. ① Most of Capybaras live in South Africa.    ② Capybaras are good at swimming. ③ Capybaras like to sleep in the water to enjoy the sun.     ④Capybaras usually eat plants. A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④ 3．Why do monkeys and birds ride on the back of a capybara? A．Because they want to play with the capybara. B．Because they can take care of the capybara. C．Because they can find something to eat in the capybara’s coat. D．Because they can feed the capybara. 4．Which of the following words is the closest to the meaning of the word “provide”? A．taste. B．serve. C．improve. D．save. 5．What is the purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To ask people to protect capybaras. B．To introduce capybaras’ friends to people. C．To share some information about capybaras with people. D．To tell students to make a survey about capybaras. 主题01 人与自我——饮食与健康 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·江苏淮安外国语学校·期中) What’s the best way to boil (煮) an egg? Scientists in Italy think the answer is “periodic (周期的) cooking”. In cooking, we often talk about two parts of the egg. One is the yolk (蛋黄) and the other is the egg white. They have different nutrients (营养) and need different temperatures for cooking. So, it is difficult to cook both parts just right once and for all. Scientists first ran tests on a computer. They found that changing the water from hot to warm again and again was a good way. It may help the yolk and egg white reach their perfect temperatures at different times. Then, the scientists tried the new way on real eggs. They put the eggs in boiling water (100℃), and moved them to 30℃ water every two minutes. They kept doing this for 32 minutes, and then cooled the eggs under running water. The eggs tasted wonderful. The egg white was very soft and the yolk was creamy (奶油般的). Other ways of boiling eggs ● Hard-boiling: Eggs stay in boiling water for 10 to 12 minutes. It makes the egg rubbery (有弹力的). ● Soft-boiling: Eggs sit in boiling water for 4 to 6 minutes. The yolk is still a little runny by the end. ● Sous vide (低温慢煮): Eggs stay in warm water between 60℃ and 70℃ for at least an hour. It makes both the yolk and egg white creamy. 1．What is the main purpose of the scientists’ research? A．To compare different egg nutrients. B．To invent a faster way to boil eggs. C．To explain why eggs taste creamy. D．To achieve perfect cooking for both yolk and egg white. 2．Why is it difficult to cook egg yolk and egg white perfectly at the same time? A．They have different sizes. B．They require different temperatures. C．They react differently to running water. D．They take different times to cool down. 3．How did scientists test the periodic cooking method? A．By using eggs with creamy yolks. B．By keeping eggs in 100°C water for 32 minutes. C．By switching (转换) between 100°C and 30°C water repeatedly. D．By adding nutrients to the cooking water. 4．The word “runny” in “Soft-boiling” most likely means ______. A．hard and dry B．liquid and not fully solid C．creamy and smooth D．cold and tasteless 5．Which of the following can be inferred about sous vide? A．It is the fastest way to boil eggs. B．It makes the egg white very runny. C．It requires higher temperatures than periodic cooking. D．It takes longer time than periodic cooking. Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·湖南衡阳船山实验中学·期中) These days, a lot of people are interested in light meals (轻食). Because they want to eat healthily. But what are light meals? Light meals usually have lots of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains (全谷物). Different from common dishes, they use a little oil, salt, and sugar. For example, a light meal can be a big bowl of salad with cabbage, tomatoes, carrots, and some chicken. There is also some brown-rice or whole grain bread on it. People choose light meals for different reasons. Some want to lose weight because light meals only have a little fat. Others just enjoy the clean taste. Also, light meals are full of vitamins (维生素) and other good things. They are really good for our bodies. However, when we choose light meals, we should be careful. Not all light-labeled (标签) foods are really healthy. Some may have unhealthy things. So, it’s important to read the food labels carefully before you buy the food. All in all, light meals can be good for a healthy life if we can choose cleverly. 1．Which of the following may be light meals? A．Ice-cream. B．Chocolate. C．Vegetable salad. 2．Why do some people choose light meals? ①They only have a little fat. ②They have clean taste. ③They have a lot of good things. ④They have much sugar. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ 3．What should we do when we choose light meals? A．Just choose the food with labels. B．Buy the light meals with good taste. C．Read the food labels carefully. 4．What is the purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To show us a kind of healthy food. B．To encourage us to lose weight. C．To change our exercise habits. Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·广东江门福泉奥林匹克学校·期中) A lot of people play sports, but very few people become sports professionals (职业运动员). Then why should you play sports if sports aren’t going to be your future? Doing sports has many advantages for young people. For one thing, they teach them how to communicate (沟通) and work as a team. For example, football is teamwork. When you are in the team, you need to communicate with your teammates and work with them. Sports teach young people to respect (尊重) their teammates and other people as well. Sports help young people keep away from problems. If a young person plays sports, he or she might not have so many problems. This is because sports teach young people about rules. They also know that if they work hard, they might win. Sports make young people go out of their houses. These days, a lot of students spend too much time watching TV and playing games on a mobile phone. When they play sports, they go outside and exercise in the sun. They take in fresh air. All of these things are important for their health. In fact, it doesn’t matter whether (是否) you will become a sports professional or not. Sports will help you become a better and happier person. Sports may also bring you friends and keep you healthy. Last but not least, sports are fun! 1．Why do sports help young people keep away from problems? A．Because sports make them communicate with their parents. B．Because sports teach them about rules and the value of hard work. C．Because sports are only for fun. D．Because sports make them study better. 2．What does the underlined word “advantages” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．好处 B．问题 C．情况 D．经验 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Sports may cause many problems. B．Teamwork is not important in sports. C．Sports make young people go outside and exercise. D．Many young people can become sports professionals. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sports are only for people who want to become professional athletes. B．Playing sports can help young people in many ways, even if they don’t become professionals. C．The only advantage of playing sports is to stay healthy. D．Young people should spend more time on their studies and not waste time on sports. 5．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A science book. B．An art magazine. C．A storybook. D．A sports magazine. 主题02 人与社会——文化 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·甘肃金昌第三中学·期中) Different schools have different rules. Some of these rules are unusual. Let’s take a look at some of them! In some parts of the US, students can ride horses to school. They have special places to tie (拴) up their horses and keep them safe. This is because riding horses is very common (常见的) in those places. In South Korea, students wear uniforms at school and outside school. This is to show discipline (纪律) even outside of class. You can see many students wearing the same uniforms. They often wait for the bus or walk together. In Germany, students have a rule to call their teachers. They use formal (正式的) titles like “Herr” or “Frau”. They do this to show respect for their teachers. It’s important for them to be polite and respectful to their teachers all the time. In Finland, students have a special rule. No matter what the weather is like, they always have outdoor playtime. Even if it’s raining or snowing, they go outside to play games in nature. This is because they believe playtime is important for learning and health. These unusual school rules show us how different countries have their different ways of doing things. It’s interesting to see how rules can be special and show the values (价值) and traditions (传统) of each place. 1．In ________, students can ride horses to school. A．Germany B．South Korea C．the US D．China 2．Why do Korean students always wear uniforms? A．To show discipline. B．To show their school spirit. C．To show their respect for their school. D．Because they love their school. 3．What can you know from the special rule in Finland? A．Students don’t have much outdoor playtime. B．Students can play games outside even on rainy days. C．Students don’t go outside to play games in nature D．Students always use formal titles to call their teacher. 4．How many countries are mentioned (提到) in the passage? A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6 Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·黑龙江大庆景园中学·期中) Saihanba is China’s largest forest. It lies on the south of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (内蒙古自治区). Saihanba means “beautiful and high mountains”. Around the 10th century, the rulers of the Liao Dynasty (916—1125) made it a royal (皇家的) hunting place because it was home to beautiful forests, green grasslands, clear lakes and different kinds of wild animals. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911) liked Saihanba so much that he made hunting there a royal festival. The royal festival finally stopped in 1860 because of no money and it had to be open to the public. After that, the cutting down of trees and wild fires changed green Saihanba into gray deserts. By the 1950s, the beauty of Saihanba had completely disappeared with only one tree left. The tree is now famous as “the Tree of Honor”. On seeing the tree, Chinese scientists made up their minds and dreamt of restoring Saihanba. In February, 1962, the plans were made and more than 120 foresters joined 242 local people in Saihanba to begin rebuilding it. Over the next 55 years, those first tree-planters fought against many difficulties to continue planting trees. After their death, their children and relatives followed their footsteps and went on with their hard work of planting trees. Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and beautiful grassland and flowers appear again around the tree of honor. Chinese people successfully changed Saihanba in the past half-century. 1．What’s the right order of events (事件) given in Paragraph 2? ①Saihanba became a royal hunting place. ②Saihanba was a desert and disappeared. ③Saihanba wasn’t closed to the public any more. ④Saihanba turned into the place for royal hunting festivals. A．①③②④ B．①③④② C．①④③② D．①④②③ 2．What does the underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Looking around. B．Bringing back. C．Arriving at. D．Travelling to. 3．According to Paragraph 4, how does the writer feel about Chinese people? A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Cheerful. D．Nervous. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P1—Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title of this passage? A．Saihanba: Past and Present B．The Largest Forest in China C．The Disappearing Saihanba D．The Tree of Honor in Saihanba Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·黑龙江大庆景园中学·期中) Why did Chinese people have more than one name in ancient times? In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name. Take famous poet Li Bai for example. His family name, which came from his father’s name, was Li. His given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai. People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar age. If you were talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name. Men would get their courtesy names when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood (成年). Women would get their courtesy names after getting married. One’s courtesy name often had something to do with one’s given name. For example, the name of Mencius was Meng Ke. His courtesy name was Ziyu. Both Ke and Ziyu mean “carriage (马车)”. Zhuge Liang’s given name was Liang, which means “bright”. His courtesy name was Kongming, which means “very bright”. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How many parts are there in people’s names in ancient China? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 2．What do the underlined words “courtesy name” in paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．名 B．姓氏 C．字 D．昵称 3．Why did people call each other by their courtesy names in social life? A．To show their love. B．To show their good relationship. C．To show their kindness. D．To show their respect. 4．What would be used if your elders were talking about you according to the passage? A．Family name. B．Nickname. C．Given name. D．Courtesy name. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The famous poet Li Bai. B．Three parts of ancient names. C．The ancient names and the modern names. D．The development of names. 主题03 人与自然——动物与植物 Passage 1 (24-25七年级下·河南郑州玉溪初级中学·期中) Mother’s Day is a day for people to thank their mothers, but you may not know that there are also many great mothers in the animal world. Let’s have a look. Elephants’ mothers carry (怀孕) their babies for a long time—20 to 22 months. Baby elephants can’t see well at first, so they stay close to their mothers for the first few months of their lives. Orangutans’ (猩猩) mothers are special. For example, they either build a new house or return to an old one every night. Their babies will stay together with their mothers for many years. Baby orangutans depend on (依靠) their mothers longer than any other land animal. Octopuses (章鱼) reproduce only once in their lives and can lay (产卵) up to 200,000 eggs. The mothers protect (保护) these eggs for as long as possible. Scientists even saw one deep-sea octopus protecting her eggs for 53 months. 1．If a mother elephant carries a baby in May, 2025, when will she probably give birth to (诞生) her baby? A．In December, 2025 B．In March, 2026. C．In May, 2026. D．In March, 2027. 2．Why are orangutans’ mothers special? ①Because they will protect their eggs for as long as possible. ②Because their babies will stay with them for many years. ③Because they will teach their babies how to find food and stay safe. ④Because they either build a new house or return to an old one every night. A．①② B．②③ C．②④ D．①④ 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “reproduce” in Paragraph 4? A．look for B．eat food C．give birth D．make 4．What’s the structure of this text? (①=Paragraph 1...) A．①/②③/④ B．①/②③④ C．①/②/③④ D．①②③/④ 5．What’s the best title for this text? A．The Animals’ Homes B．The Cute Baby Animals C．The Fun Lives of Animals D．The Great Animal Mothers Passage 2 (24-25七年级下·海南万宁·期中) Animals are our friends. We know that dogs can help blind (盲的) people go to some places. Now, horses can also do it. Digby is a small American horse. Now, it is the first guide (向导) horse in England. And its owner is a blind man named Mohammed Patel. Patel is afraid of dogs, so he chooses Digby as his guide. Digby gets a lot of training (训练) with Patel. It learns to walk slowly and lead Patel to walk on the street and get books and magazines for him. It also helps Patel choose clothes when he goes shopping. Now, it is not a small horse. It is very big and about 0.8 meter tall, so Patel can’t take it to his company (公司). When Patel takes it to the office, it knocks (碰) things off the desks. So Patel has to say goodbye to Digby. Luckily, Digby has a new job. It helps blind people go on a trip around some places in London. As we know, a guide dog has only eight years of working life, but a guide horse can live for about 50 years. So a guide horse can be a “lifelong friend” for people. 1．Why does Mohammed Patel choose Digby as his guide? A．Because Digby is from America. B．Because Digby is tall. C．Because he is afraid of dogs. 2．What does the underlined word “lead” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．To keep someone from moving. B．To walk in front of someone. C．To follow someone. 3．What is Digby’s new job? A．To go shopping with people. B．To help people get magazines. C．To help blind people visit some places in London. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．A guide dog can live for about 50 years. B．A blind person can have a guide horse for only 8 years. C．A guide horse can help blind people a lot in their lives. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．It is about a guide horse—Digby. B．It is about a blind man— Patel. C．It is about Digby’s new job in London. Passage 3 (24-25七年级下·广东深圳百外世纪初级中学·期中) Deep in the forest, a world full of life unfolds. The tall trees stand like silent guardians (守护者), their branches reaching up to the sky. The leaves rustle (沙沙作响) in the wind, as if they are telling stories of the forest. Many animals call the forest home. Squirrels jump from tree to tree, collecting nuts. Birds build their nests in the branches, singing cheerfully every morning. Rabbits hide in the bushes, jumping out now and then to take some small bites on the fresh grass. ▲ The plants provide food and shelter (避难所) for the animals. For example, the berries on the bushes are a delicious treat for the birds and small animals. In return, the animals help the plants. Birds spread the seeds of plants when they fly around, allowing new plants to grow in different places. Bees fly from flower to flower, pollinating (授粉) them so they can make fruits and seeds. The forest floor is also full of life. Tiny insects help decompose (分解) dead leaves and branches. This makes the soil rich and helps new plants grow in the forest. It’s like a big, happy family where everyone has a role to play. 1．What do the tall trees in the forest look like according to the passage? A．They look like lovely pets. B．They look like noisy neighbors. C．They look like silent guardians. D．They look like colorful umbrellas. 2．How do plants help animals in the forest? A．They provide food and shelter for animals. B．They provide toys for animals. C．They help animals fly. D．They play games with animals. 3．How do animals help plants? A．Birds eat all the seeds so new plants can’t grow. B．Bees pollinate the flowers and birds spread seeds. C．Rabbits dig holes to stop plants from growing. D．Squirrels break the branches of plants. 4．Which of the following sentences can best fill the blank ___▲___ in Paragraph 3? A．There are many kinds of plants in the forest. B．Animals are important to nature. C．Plants and animals have a special relationship. D．Rabbits are very happy and they can be safe. 5．Why is decomposing dead leaves good for the forest? A．Because the forest is a family. B．Because it can provide insects with food. C．Because there will be more space for animals to live in. D．Because new plants can grow better with rich soil. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $