内容正文:
甘肃
英 语
课堂精讲册
1
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
二、句法
专题八 简单句和句子种类
考点4 存现句(There be句型)与主谓一致
2
甘肃中考解读
考卷 考查题型 考情
省卷 语法与情景对话,任务型完形填空,词汇填空 6年8考
兰州卷 任务型完形填空,词汇考查 6年6考
3
考点讲解
4
存现句(There be句型)
“There be+主语+地点/时间状语”结构表示“某地或某时有
(存在)……”。使用该结构时需注意以下几点:
(一)存现句(There be句型)的句式变化
句式 变化规则 例句
否定式 在be 动词后面加not或no There is not a book on the
desk.
疑问式 把be动词提前到句首 Is there a book on the desk?
5
(二)存现句(There be句型)的时态及结构
存现句句型的时态变化体现在be动词上,且可以和助动词或
情态动词连用。具体见下表:
6
时态及情态动词 存现句(There be句型)
一般现在时 There is/are…
一般过去时 There was/were…
一般将来时 There will be…/There is (are) going to
be…
现在完成时 There have/has been…
含情态动词 There can/may/should be…
7
(三)存现句(There be句型)的就近原则
be动词的单复数形式必须和There be之后的第一个主语保持
一致。如果第一个主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词,be动词用
单数;如果第一个主语是可数名词复数,be动词用复数。如:
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
There are many children playing football in the park.
8
主谓一致
主谓一致指句子的谓语动词与主语在人称和数上必须保持一
致。主谓一致要遵循三个基本原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原
则和就近一致原则。
9
(一)语法一致原则
语法一致原则指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语
是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词
用复数形式。#1
10
主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词、可数名词单数、
第三人称单数(省卷;6年2
考;兰州:6年6考) 单数 A girl is singing in the
classroom.
either, neither, each,
every或no+可数名词单数 Every student is ready for
the exam.
11
主语 谓语 例句
复合不定代词 单数 Nothing is impossible for
a willing heart.
单个动词不定式短语、动名词
短语或从句 Speaking English with Liz
helps me improve my
spoken English.
续表
12
主语 谓语 例句
one of+可数名词复数/复数
代词 单数 One of the boys has a
basketball.
the number of+可数名词复数 The number of the
students who have
finished reading the book
is 30.
续表
13
主语 谓语 例句
可数名词复数、人称代词复数
及第二人称you(省卷:6年2考) 复数 Two girls are singing in
the classroom.
and或both…and…连接的名词/
代词 Both Jenny and Kate are
my friends.
续表
14
主语 谓语 例句
a number of+可数名词复数 复数 A number of students
have finished reading this
book.
主语后面跟有with,together
with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, including等词 取决于主语
的数 He as well as his parents
wants to go to the
museum to spend their
weekend.
续表
15
1. 由and连接的两个名词指不同的人时,谓语动词用复数形式;
指同一个人时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
James and Tim have decided to go climbing this weekend. 詹姆
斯和蒂姆决定这个周末去爬山。
The singer and actor is popular among teenagers. 这位歌手兼演
员很受青少年的欢迎。
16
2. 由and连接的to do不定式或动名词强调不同的个体时,谓语动
词用复数形式;强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Lying and stealing are not right. 撒谎和偷窃是不对的。
To love and to be loved is important to me. 爱与被爱对我来说
很重要。
17
(二)意义一致原则
意义一致原则指主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语意义
上的单复数,而不是语法上的单复数形式。有时主语是单数,但
意义是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式;主语是复数,但意义是单
数,谓语动词应用单数形式。#1
18
主语 谓语 例句
集体名词,如
family,class,
team, group等 若作为一个整体看
待,谓语动词要用单
数形式;若强调其中
的成员,谓语动词要
用复数形式 My family is a
happy one. 我的家
庭是一个幸福的家
庭。
My family are
watching TV
together now. 我们
全家人现在正在一起
看电视。
19
主语 谓语 例句
集合名词,如
people, police等 复数 The police are
trying their best to
find out the truth of
the accident.
the+姓氏复数/the+
姓氏+family,表示
“……一家;……夫妇” The Greens are glad
to live in Qingyang.
续表
20
主语 谓语 例句
the+形容词,表示
一类人 复数 The young are
usually glad to help
others.
表示重量、度量、
时间、长度、价格
等的词或短语
(2020省卷) 单数 Twenty minutes is
enough for me to
finish the task.
续表
21
(三)就近一致原则
就近一致原则指当句子有两个或两个以上主语时, 谓语动
词的形式与距其最近的主语的数保持一致。#1
主语 谓语 例句
由either…or…, neither…
nor…, not only…but
(also)…, not… but… 或or
连接的两个并列主语 谓语动词和距
其最近的主语
在数上保持
一致 Neither Jim nor
his parents are
coming to this
party.
22
主语 谓语 例句
There be…和Here be… 这两
个句式中(省卷:6年3考) be动词常与距
其最近的主语
在数上保持
一致 There is a school
and several
restaurants near
the park.
续表
23
考点测验
24
甘肃6年真题溯源
语法与情景对话
1.(2025省卷)Look! There ___ a notebook and three keys on
the desk.
A
A. is B. was C. are D. were
25
2.(2024省卷)—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at
home. There ___ heavy rain this afternoon.
—Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him.
D
A. was B. has been C. are D. will be
3.(2023省卷)There ___ a big tree behind the shop. You can
see many birds in it.
A
A. is B. are C. was D. were
26
拓展提升
根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2022酒泉三模)Lily together with her sisters often _____
(go) to the cinema at weekends.
2.Don’t lose heart, son. There ___ (be) always a way out.
goes
is
27
3.There ________ (be) at least six underground lines in Wuxi
in five years’ time.
4.Everyone except Mike ___ (be) going to play basketball
because he doesn’t like it.
5.Tony, your coat looks dirty. It _______ (need) washing.
6.The number of students in our class ___ (be)45.
7.Two hours _______(pass)quickly when you’re having fun.
will be
is
needs
is
passes
28
8.Dolphins often ______(jump)out of the water to
communicate with each other.
9.As we all know, knowledge _______ (come) from learning
and practice.
jump
comes
29
30
$