06 一、词法 专题二 动词 考点3 动词的时态-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年中考英语课堂精讲册配套课件（人教版 甘肃专用）

甘肃 英 语 课堂精讲册 1 第二部分 语法知识精讲练 一、词法 专题二 动词 考点3 动词的时态 2 课标语法导图 3 甘肃中考解读 考卷 考查题型 考情 省卷 语法与情景对话、完形填空、任务 型完形填空、词汇考查、完成句子 6年32考 兰州卷 任务型完形填空、词汇考查 6年14考 4 知识必备 动词的基本形式 动词的形式及其规则变化表#1 类别 用法或变化规则 示例 动词 原形 用于情态动词、部分 助动词、不定式符号 to之后或祈使句句首 Open the door. 请开门。 5 类别 用法或变化规则 示例 动词原 形→第 三人称 单数 一般情况加-s help→helps improve→improves 以s， x， ch， sh， o结尾加-es guess→guesses fix→fixes teach→teaches wash→washes go→goes do→does 续表 6 类别 用法或变化规则 示例 动词原 形→第 三人称 单数 以辅音字母加y结尾的 动词，先变y为i， 再 加-es fly→flies try→tries study→studies 续表 7 类别 用法或变化规则 示例 动词原 形→过 去式/过 去分词 一般情况加-ed help→helped/helped 以不发音的e结尾加-d live→lived/lived 续表 8 类别 用法或变化规则 示例 动词原形→过 去式/过去分词 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i， 再加-ed try→tried/tried carry→carried/carried 只有1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，先双写该辅音字母， 再加-ed stop→stopped/stopped plan→planned/planned 续表 9 类别 用法或变化规则 示例 动词原 形→现 在分词/ 动名词 一般情况，加-ing read→reading feel→feeling 以不发音的e结尾的动 词，先去e， 再加-ing live→living write→writing 续表 10 类别 用法或变化规则 示例 动词原 形→现 在分词/ 动名词 以ie结尾的单音节词的 动词，先变ie为y， 再 加-ing die→dying lie→lying tie→tying 只有1个辅音字母结尾 的重读闭音节的动 词，先双写该辅音字 母， 再加-ing stop→stopping run→running 注意：动词的不规则变化见《课标词汇记背册》P45#1.1.1 续表 11 考点讲解 12 （一）一般现在时（省卷：6年8考 兰州卷：6年6考） 结构 1.主语+__________+表语 2.主语+__________________________________+表语 3.主语+________________________________（+宾语） am/is/are 其他系动词原形/其他系动词单三形式 实义动词原形/实义动词的单三形式 13 标志词 1.频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never等 2.频度词组：once a year, twice a month, three times a day, hardly ever等 3.其他词组：on Sundays, on weekends, every day/year…（every系列） 续表 14 常见用 法及 例句 1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作， 常与频度副词 连用。如：I always get up early. 2.表示主语现在的特征或状态等。如：She has a good sense of humor. 3.表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如：The Earth moves around the Sun. 续表 15 常见用 法及 例句 注意：在宾语从句中， 如果从句讲述的是客观真理， 即使主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。 （客观真理永不变） 4.主将从现：若一个复合句中含有由when, after, before, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if, unless, as long as等引导的条件状语从句, 主句若用一般将来 时,从句用一般现在时表将来。如：If you go to that party, I will go as well. 续表 16 常见用 法及 例句 5.表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在 时表将来，但仅限于start， begin， leave， go， come， arrive等动词。如：The train leaves at five this afternoon. 续表 17 （二）一般过去时（省卷：6年5考 兰州卷：6年3考） 结构 1.主语+__________+表语 2.主语+____________________+表语 3.主语+__________________（+宾语） was/were 其他系动词的过去式 实义动词的过去式 18 标志词 1.ago系列：two days ago, five minutes ago等 2.yesterday系列:yesterday, the day before yesterday等 3.last系列：last night/week/month/year等 4.其他：just now, in 1920, at the age of…, one day等 续表 19 常见用 法及 例句 1.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。 如：I got up early this morning. 2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与频度副词连 用。如： When Nancy was a little girl, she often played games with her sister. 续表 20 常见用 法及 例句 3.有些句子没有明确表示过去时间的状语， 但根据语 境可知，是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。 如：—Excuse me, sir. It’s a non-smoking area. —Sorry, I didn’t see it. 4.在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成 时，从句用一般过去时。如： It has been seven years since I got this bike. 续表 21 （三）一般将来时（省卷：6年3考 兰州卷：6年2考） 结构 1.主语+___________________（+表语/宾语） 2.主语+___________________________（+表语/宾语） will/shall+动词原形 am/is/are going to+动词原形 22 标志词 1.tomorrow系列：tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow等 2.next系列：next week/month/year等 3.in+一段时间系列/将来年份： in a week， in 2030等 4.其他类：soon, in the（near）future 续表 23 常见用 法及 例句 1.表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。如： They will leave for Tianshui next week. 2.表示某种必然的趋势。如：Fish will die without water. 3.be going to+动词原形， 表示计划、打算、决定要做 某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事情或有某种迹象 表明要发生的事情。如： 续表 24 常见用 法及 例句 I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend. （计划） Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.（客观迹象） 4.“be about to+动词原形”或“be to+动词原形”结构也可 表示即将发生的动作。如： The football match is about to begin. 续表 25 常见用 法及 例句 5.一般将来时中，will可用于各种人称，shall多用于第一 人称。如： We shall hold a meeting next week. 续表 26 （四）现在进行时（省卷：6年5考 兰州卷：2025） 结构 主语+__________________（+宾语） 标志词 now, right now, at present, at this time, at the/this moment, look/listen（位于句首）,these days等 am/is/are+动词-ing 27 常见用 法及 例句 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如： I am writing an email to my cousin. 2.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作， 此刻不一定在进 行， 常用时间状语有：this/these+表示一段时间的名 词。如：Jim is preparing for an important painting competition these days. 续表 28 常见用 法及 例句 3.be doing表示将来，常用这种结构的动词有go， come， leave， stay， start， begin， 表示即将发生 或安排好要做的事情。如：My aunt is leaving for Lanzhou this afternoon. 4.与always， usually等词连用，表示反复发生的动作， 常含有赞扬、不满、厌烦、好奇等感情色彩。如：You are always forgetting important things. （表示责备） 续表 29 （五）过去进行时（省卷：6年5考 ） 结构 主语+_________________________（+宾语） 标志词 then， at that time/moment， at ten yesterday，at this time yesterday， when/while引导的表示过去时间的状 语从句 was/were+动词的现在分词 30 常见用 法及 例句 1.表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。如：I was taking a shower when you called me last night. 2.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如：We were watching TV from six to eight last night. 续表 31 常见用 法及 例句 3.表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，常出现 在when，while，as引导的时间状语从句中。如： Everybody was dancing while the music was playing. 续表 32 常见用 法及 例句 4.过去进行时常和always等副词连用， 表示过去频繁发 生的习惯性动作， 此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情 色彩。如：The two brothers were always fighting. （表示厌烦） 续表 33 （六）现在完成时（省卷：6年6考 兰州卷：6年2考） 结构 主语+________________________（+表语/宾语） 标志词 1.already， ever， never， just， yet， still 2.recently， lately， so far， up till now 3.in the past/last 3 years/… 4.since 1998, since+一段时间+ago, since+句子 （一般过去时） 5.for+一段时间 have/has+动词的过去分词 34 常见用 法及 例句 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或 结果。如：He has turned off the light. 2.表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要 持续下去，常和for， since连用， 动词应用延续性动 词。如： Mr. White has worked in this factory since it opened. 续表 35 常见用 法及 例句 3.特殊用法： （1）have/has gone to已经去某地了（人未回） have/has been to曾经到过某地（人已回） have/has been in待在某地（多长时间） （2）It has been+时间段+since+一般过去时的句子. （强调从过去某个动作发生到现在花了多长时间） 如：It has been a week since I last saw him. 续表 36 常见用 法及 例句 （3）It/This is the+序数词+time+that从句（从句必须使 用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在的影响或联系） 这是……第……次…… 如：This is the second time that she has won the competition. 续表 37 实义动词还可以根据动作是否延续分为：①延续性动词； ②非延续性动词。 分类 定义 例词 例句 延续性 动词 表示可以持续的动作或 状态， 可以和表示一 段时间的时间状语连用 live， stay， study，work， keep， teach I have studied in this school for three years. 38 分类 定义 例词 例句 非延续性 动词 表示在短暂时间内可以 完成的动作，不可以和 表示一段时间的时间状 语连用 buy， lend， borrow， die， begin， stop， arrive She bought a nice watch. 续表 39 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 两者都表示过去发生的事情。 但一般过去时只强调过去发 生的事情本身,不涉及与现在的关系;现在完成时则强调过去的动 作对现在造成的影响,主要说明现在的情况。 如: 40 I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。 （我了解这部电影的 内容） I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。（只说明上 星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况） 41 42 考点测验 43 甘肃6年真题溯源 Ⅰ.语法与情景对话 1.（2025省卷）—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I ___ in the kitchen then. B A. cook B. was cooking C. have cooked D. will cook 44 2.（2024省卷）Tom ___ the dog at the moment. A A. is walking B. walks C. has walked D. walked 3.（2024省卷）Linda prefers musicians who ___ different kinds of music. A A. play B. plays C. was playing D. is playing 45 4.（2023省卷）If you heat ice, it ___ into water. A A. turns B. turned C. was turning D. has turned 5.（2022省卷）We ___ a meeting. Come and join in. B A. were having B. are having C. had D. have been 46 6.（2020省卷）I ___ the guitar ever since I was 8 years old. B A. played B. have played C. am playing D. will play 7.（2020兰州）—How long ________ you ________ chemistry so far? —For almost one year.( ) C A. are; studying B. do; study C. have; studied D. will; study 47 Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2025省卷）We all _____ （love） our country very much! 2.（2025省卷）Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport ________ （open） Terminal （航站楼） 3 on March 20, 2025. 3.（2025兰州）Lanzhou ________ （receive） a large number of visitors every year. love opened receives 48 4.（2025兰州）Look, the kids are _________ （jump） rope in the sports field during the 15-minute break. 5.（2024省卷）Tom and his parents _____________ （have） supper when the phone rang. jumping were having 49 6.（2024省卷）Education _______________ （keep） your choice open. 7.（2023省卷）When mom came home, Danny ____________ （play） the piano in the living room. 8.（2023省卷）I _____________ （learn） English ever since I was in Grade 3. keeps/will keep was playing have learned 50 9.（2023兰州）He usually ________（prefer） reading books which tell traditional Chinese stories. 10.（2022兰州）He ______（like） movies that give him something to think about. prefers likes 11.（2022兰州）Could you make sure what time he is _________（arrive）? I’d like to go and meet him at the airport. arriving 51 12.（2021省卷）George walked into the room and _______ （turn） on the light. turned 13.[（2021省卷] Look! The students ____ ___________（answer） the questions carefully. are answering 52 拓展提升 Ⅰ.语法与情景对话 1.（2025北京）Mary ___ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. B A. draws B. was drawing C. is drawing D. will draw 53 2.（2025定西一模）My grandma ___ nice Sichuan food, but she hasn’t had time to cook for us recently. A A. cooks B. will cook C. cooked D. has cooked 54 3.—I ________ Yunnan twice. What about you? —Only once. I ________ there last summer.( ) D A. visited; visit B. have visited; have visited C. visited; have visited D. have visited; visited 4.With the help of his teacher, he ___ much progress in writing since last year. D A. made B. makes C. was making D. has made 55 Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2025陇南三模）We ______________（finish） our project already, so we can start the presentation. 2.（2025白银三模）They _____________ （play） basketball when it suddenly began to rain. 3.（2025兰州二模）The teacher with the students is ________ （dig） the holes to plant trees now. 4.The teacher said light ________ （travel） much faster than sound. have finished were playing digging travels 56 Ⅲ.任务型完形填空微语篇练习 start, continue, achieve, give, turn, create, think He Sudan is one of Chinese most famous sand painting artists. Now she 1. _________ a sand painting show. As the beautiful music is playing in the air, He Sudan picks up some sand and throws it onto a drawing board. As her fingers move, the sand quickly 2. ______ into flying snow with strong winds in a short time.#1.1 is giving turns 57 He Sudan 3. ____________ many valuable sand paintings in recent years. And the topics of her works are mainly about the 24 solar terms （节气）. He Sudan 4. ________ to show her talent in painting as a child. One day, her teacher asked the class who could use different things to create a painting. While other students 5. ______________ about traditional materials, she wanted to try something different and created her own work.#1.2 has created started were thinking start, continue, achieve, give, turn, create, think 58 Now she becomes a teacher. Though she is very busy, she spares time to create sand paintings. “I feel that I 6. ______________ my dream of bringing the traditional Chinese sand art to the world so far,” she says. “But it is not enough, I 7. _____________ to create more works on this subject in the future.”#1.3 have achieved will continue start, continue, achieve, give, turn, create, think 59 1.（2025江西）—Lisa, your shoes are dirty. —Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ___ them with my clothes. B A. wash B. will wash C. washed D. have washed 2.（2025安徽）—The robots ___ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. D A. raced B. were racing C. race D. are racing 60 3.（2025白银三模）—Can you understand the problem? If not, I ___ it to you again. —Thank you, Miss Fang. You are really nice. C A. explain B. explained C. will explain D. have explained 4.（2025庆阳二模）—You look so tired. What happened? —I ___ too much work these days. I need a break. C A. have B. had C. have had D. will have 61 62 $