内容正文:
甘肃
英 语
课堂精讲册
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第二部分 语法知识精讲练
一、词法
专题一 名词
专项提升1 任务型完形填空和词汇考查中的名词
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考点讲解
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甘肃省卷近6年在任务型完形填空和词汇考查中,每年考查
2~3道名词;兰州卷近6年在任务型完形填空和词汇考查中,每年
考查3~5道名词。通过对省卷和兰州卷6年真题的分析,我们整理
出了名词的6个考向。
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考向一 填原形(省卷:6年3考 兰州卷:6年8考)
(一)填原形的适用情况及示例
适用情况 示例
所填名词为不
可数名词 [2024兰州]The wind, the flowers, the snow and
the moon are not only landscapes and styles of
Dali…
a/an/one+可数
名词单数 [2024兰州]The shape of the lake looks like an
ear.
名词作定语 [2022省卷]It’s a road bike.
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适用情况 示例
根据上下文语
境及生活常识
判断用可数名
词单数 [2024省卷]Thanks for your email!
续表
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(二)常见的不可数名词
抽象
名词 概念 environment 环境 homework 作业
space 太空;空间 advice 劝告;建议
peace 和平 trouble 问题;苦恼
情感 joy 欢乐;乐趣 fun 开心;娱乐
sadness 悲伤
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物质
名词 材料 cotton 棉;棉花 plastic 塑料;塑胶
silk 丝绸;丝织物
自然 air 空气 temperature 温度;体温
wind 风
饮食 beef 牛肉 water 水 juice 果汁 bread 面包
salt 盐 soup 汤 cheese 奶酪 sugar 糖
物体 rain 雨 snow 雪 sand 沙子 grass 草;草地
续表
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专有
名词 学科 chemistry 化学 math(s) 数学
geography 地理
疾病 flu 流行性感冒;流感 fever 发烧
cough 咳嗽
地名 Asia 亚洲 China 中国
Gansu 甘肃
续表
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考向二 变复数(省卷:6年7考 兰州卷:6年11考)
填复数形式的适用情况 示例
大于1的基数词+可数名词复数 [2023省卷]Frank has more
than 500 stamps.
结合上下文语境或句中对应的提
示词 [2023省卷]I hope we can
become great friends.
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填复数形式的适用情况 示例
some/many/all kinds of/one of
(+the+形容词最高级)+可数名
词复数 [2025省卷]In my small city,
we join in many fun ①
_________(activity).
these/those/普通不定代词
(/several/few/a
few/both/all/other等)+可数名词
复数 [2024兰州]These nice ②
_______(photo)were taken
by my teacher last week.
activities
photos
续表
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填复数形式的适用情况 示例
通常用复数和只有复数形式的单
词或在某些搭配中用复数 trousers, socks, shoes, scissors
谓语动词是复数 The bottles are made of
plastic.
续表
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考向三 变形容词(省卷:6年3考 兰州卷:6年2考)
(一)填形容词的适用情况及示例
适用情况 示例
形容词+名词 [2022省卷]Smile and greet others in a ③
________(friend)way.
be动词/系动词/感
官动词+形容词 [2024兰州]It is very ④_______(use)to
be able to speak a foreign language.
friendly
useful
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适用情况 示例
“be动词+形容词+
介词”结构的短语 [2025省卷]Our neighbours are very ⑤
________(friend)to each other.
形容词+and/or+形
容词 He is a careful and kind boy.
复合不定代词+形
容词 something interesting
friendly
续表
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(二)名词变形容词的方法如下:
变形规律 示例
n.+-y cloud→cloudy health→healthy
luck→lucky rain→rainy
sleep→sleepy
特殊记:fun→funny ice→icy
noise→noisy sun→sunny
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变形规律 示例
n.+-ful care→careful help→helpful(2020兰州
peace→peaceful use→useful(2024兰州)
续表
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变形规律 示例
n.+-al music→musical person→personal
tradition→traditional
特殊记:centre→central culture→cultural
nature→natural
续表
变形规律 示例
n.+ -less
(多表示否定
意义) care→careless home→homeless
hope→hopeless use→useless
n.+ -ly friend→friendly(2025省卷;2022省卷)
love→lovely
特殊记:day→daily
续表
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变形规律 示例
n.+-ern
(多表示方位) east→eastern north→northern
south→southern west→western
n.+-en
(多表示物质) gold→golden wood→wooden
续表
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变形规律 示例
n.+-ous danger→dangerous(2021兰州)
humor→humorous
以-ce结尾的名
词,把-ce变为-t confidence→confident convenience→convenient
difference→different
patience→patient
silence→silent
importance→important
续表
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变形规律 示例
其他 death→dead
medicine→medical
pride→proud(2021省卷)
注意:更多初中常见名词变形容词的形式见《课标词汇记背册》
P40#1.1
续表
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考向四 变名词(兰州卷:6年3考)
(一)填名词的适用情况及示例
适用情况 示例
冠词(a/an/the)
+名词 [2025兰州] His cousin keeps on painting in
order to become an ⑥______(art).
名词+实义动词/
系动词 [2020兰州]The ⑦_______(piano)plays
very well.
形容词性物主代
词/形容词+名词 a great poem
artist
pianist
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(二)名词变名词的方法如下:
变形规律 示例
n.+-ist (表示从事
相应职业的人) art→artist tour→tourist violin→violinist
特殊记:piano→pianist science→scientist
n.+-ian (表示从事
相应职业的人) magic→magician music→musician
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变形规律 示例
其他 birth→birthday class→classmate
friend→friendship law→lawyer
注意:更多初中常见名词变名词的形式见《课标词汇记背册》
P41#1.1
续表
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考向五 变动词(省卷:2020)
填动词的适用
情况 示例
助动词或情态
动词之后 [2021省卷]Study hard and you will ⑧________
(success) in the end.
succeed
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考向六 变名词所有格(省卷:2020 兰州卷:6年2考)
(一)填名词所有格的适用情况及示例
适用情况 示例
名词所有格+名
词(短语) [2025兰州] Today is my ⑨__________
(brother)birthday.
[2024兰州]We had a bad time that day, but the
next ⑩______(day)trip was pretty good.
[2020省卷] It’s about one ⑪_______
(hour)bus ride from my home to the airport.
brother’s
day’s
hour’s
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适用情况 示例
固定搭配 to one’s surprise with one’s help
专有名词 Teachers’ Day
续表
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1.“基数词-连字符+可数名词单数”, 一般用作定语修饰名词,
它相当于“基数词+名词所有格”。如:a two-day trip=a two days’
trip
2.在表示“店铺”“某某家”“诊所”“办公室”等建筑的所属关系时,
一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。如:at the doctor’s 在诊所;
go to my uncle’s去我叔叔家
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3.很多节日的表达用-’s或-s’所有格形式。如:Father’s Day 父亲
节; Teachers’ Day 教师节
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(二)名词所有格的构成
名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系,有三种形式:-’s所有
格、of所有格和双重所有格。
1.-’s所有格#1.1
类别 构成方法 示例
有生命的单数
名词 加-’s my son’s pen Lily’s friends
有生命的复数
名词 以s结尾加’ the teachers’ office
不以s结尾加-’s women’s work
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类别 构成方法 示例
表示几个人共
同拥有 在最后一个名
词后加-’s Tom and Jim’s room汤姆和吉
姆共同的房间
表示每个人各
自拥有 在每个名词后
加-’s Mike’s and John’s desks迈克和
约翰各自的书桌
续表
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类别 构成方法 示例
表示时间、距
离、国家等的
名词 单数加-’s an hour’s walk
China’s products
复数加’ five minutes’ walk
续表
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2.of所有格
通常用来表示无生命事物的名词的所属关系,其形式为:名
词A+of+名词B。如:
the door of the room房门 the roof of the house 屋顶
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3.双重所有格
双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分, 有两种形式:
1.of+名词’s,如:a friend of my father’s我父亲的一个朋友
2.of+名词性物主代词,如:a book of mine我的一本书
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考点测验
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甘肃6年真题溯源
根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2021省卷)We Chinese are _______ (pride) of the great
changes in our country.
2.(2021兰州)It is ___________ (danger) to swim in the
Yellow River.
proud
dangerous
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3.(2020省卷)I believe you will ________ (success) in
passing the English exam.
4.(2020兰州)A ________ (help) classmate is always
popular among us.
succeed
helpful
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拓展提升
Ⅰ.根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025陇南一模)Look! The _________(child)are playing
games under the tree.
2.(2025陇南二模)I hear there are a few _________ (value)
ancient paintings in the art museum.
3.Many _______ (hero) in history fought for the peace of
our country.
children
valuable
heroes
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4.Qian Xuesen, father of China’s space program, is a great
_________(science).
5.My brother and I are planning to cook a big meal for our
dad on _________ (father) Day.
scientist
Father’s
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Ⅱ.任务型完形填空
choice, idea, people, difference, friend
tradition, importance, place, map, product
Everyone loves receiving gifts. Presents are a way to show
care and love. However, many 1. __________ are not the same
in every country.
As a European living in China, I’ve seen some interesting
2. ___________. For example, while fruit and milk are common
traditions
differences
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gifts here, in my culture, people might 3. _______ fruit and
milk when they are visiting someone in the hospital. When you
get invited to a party, a bottle of fine wine is also a good gift.
Many Europeans will open their presents right away, except in
several 4. _______ like Germany. These different gift-giving
ways show how people build 5. __________ in different
cultures.
choose
places
friendship
choice, idea, people, difference, friend
tradition, importance, place, map, product
What if you don’t like your gift? In Spain, you still need
to say you love the gift to avoid hurting the other 6. _________
feelings. But if they leave the receipt(收据) inside the gift,
you can exchange it for something else. There are also other
good 7. ______. For example, regifting—You can collect gifts
you don’t want for those students in need.
people’s
ideas
choice, idea, people, difference, friend
tradition, importance, place, map, product
How the present looks is also 8. __________. However, by
using wrapping paper(包装纸) for every present we buy, a
lot of 9. _________ can produce waste. Germans value fine
wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspapers and 10.
______ to help the environment.
Finally, remember: It’s the thought that counts, not the size
or the cost of the gift.#1.5
products
maps
important
choice, idea, people, difference, friend
tradition, importance, place, map, product
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