语法专练之现在完成时2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语语法专题清单系统梳理了“现在完成时”核心内容，涵盖构成规则、句式变化、“已完成”与“未完成”用法、易混词组（have been to/in/gone to）辨析及延续性动词转换，搭建从基础概念到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“观察思考-探究总结-分层练习”结构，通过对比表格呈现易混词组差异，用转换表梳理延续性与非延续性动词对应关系，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“练一练”模块含填空、选择、句型转换等题型，适配不同学习水平，教师可直接用于课堂检测，学生能自主巩固，提升学习效率。

语法专题---现在完成时 现在完成时（一） 【观察思考】阅读并总结句中画线部分的用法 1．I have just washed my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 2．She has already finished her homework．她已经完成作业了。 3．I haven＇t seen the film yet．我还没看这部电影。 4．---Has she arrived here？她已经到这儿了吗？ ---Yes，she has.是的，她已经到这儿了。／No，she hasn’t.不，她还没有到这儿。 【探究总结】 1．现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由“助动词have／has＋过去分词”构成的，规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则须加强记忆。 2．现在完成时的句式 （1）肯定句式：主语＋have／has＋过去分词＋其他。 （2）否定句式：主语＋haven’t／hasn’t＋过去分词＋其他。 （3）一般疑问句：Have／Has＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ 3．现在完成时的“已完成用法”：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。也就是说现在完成时虽与过去有关，但实际上看重的是对现在造成的影响或结果。常见标志词为just，already，yet, for+时间段，since+ 时间点，in the last/past +时间段（在过去的......里），so far（到目前为止）等。 练一练 一、根据句意，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.---What do you think of the novel Journey to the West? ---I think it's exciting and I (read) it already. 2.---Would you like something to drink? ---No,thanks. I (drink) some tea already. 3.---What do your parents think of our plan,Jane? ---Sorry,I haven't (tell) them yet. 4.I'm afraid I can't join you for dinner because I have just (have) dinner at home. 5.Tom has （write） a book report，so he can share it with us this afternoon. 6. —__________ you __________ （do）your homework yet ? —Yes . I _______________ （finish） it a moment ago . 7.The famous writer _________________ （write）one new book in the past two years . 8.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I___________________（see） it twice. 9.Zhao Lan __________already _____________（study）in this school for two years . 10.We ______________（know） Xiao Li since she was a little girl . 二、用since或for填空。 1.His grandfather has been dead________ over five years. 2.Mr. Smith has worked in this university ___________ he came to China. 3.My sister has had a heavy cold __________ three days. 4.His uncle has been a member of the Party __________about ten years ago. 5.Her mother has been away from home_________nine months. 三、按要求完成句子。 1.The boy has made some excellent videos about new technologies（技术）.（改为一般疑问句） the boy excellent videos about new technologies? 2.Have you tried a street snack in Changsha-stinky tofu（臭豆腐）？（作肯定回答） , I . 3..He's made a decision to teach in the village school.（改为否定句） He a decision to teach in the village school. 4.I have already finished my English homework.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） you your English homework ? --- , I . 5.Jenny has had that toy bear since two years ago.（对画线部分提问） Jenny that toy bear? 6.Cindy has worked out all the problems for her good friend.（对画线部分提问） Cindy for her good friend? 7.What's more, reading English books has opened a window for me to know about foreign cultures.（英译汉） 现在完成时（二） have been to，have been in 与have gone to的用法辨析 词组 含义及用法 have been to 意为“曾经到过某地（多少次）”，现在已经不在那里了 have been in 表示“在某地待了多长时间”，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用 have gone to 表示“正在去某地的途中”或“到了某地”。说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第二人称代词作句子的主语 根据句意，用have／has been（to），have／has been（in）或have／has gone（to）填空。 1. ---Where is Ms.Zou? ---She isn't back yet. She the water park for nearly 4 hours. 2.---Where's your father? ---He Suzhou. He there three times because he enjoys the local scenery. 3.--- you ever Yiyang? ---Yes, I went there last summer. 4．---Hello，this is Lily speaking．Could I speak to Mr.Liu? ---Sorry, he Changsha. 二、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 1．他以前没去过历史博物馆。 He the history museum before. 2．我妈妈不在家。她去常德了。My mother isn't at home.She Changde. 3．汤姆已经在悉尼待了几个星期了。Tom Sydney for several weeks. 现在完成时（三） 【观察思考】阅读并总结句中画线部分的用法 1.She has studied in this school since two years ago.从两年前起她就在这个学校学习了。 2.We haven＇t seen her for many years．我们已经很多年没见到她了。 3.I borrowed the book last week and I have kept it for a week.我上周借了这本书并且已经借了一周了。 【探究总结】 1．现在完成时的“未完成”用法 动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去，此时常与“for＋一段时间”、“since＋表示过去的时间点”或“since＋含一般过去时的句子”连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。对for或since引导的时间状语提问用how long。 2．延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。例如： leave --- be away borrow --- keep, buy --- have,  begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead,  finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构,  open sth --- keep sth open,  fall ill ---  be ill,  get up---be up,   catch a cold --- have a cold,  come here --- be here, go there --- be there,   become --- be,   come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep,  get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),  leave --- be away from,  get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，   put on→ wear； catch a cold →have a cold等。   例:The old man died 4 years ago.  ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.    ---- It is 4 years since the old man died.  ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago.   -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.      I bought the book 5 days ago.  ---- I have had the book for 5 days. 练一练 一、选择题 1.   His uncle ______ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.   A. joined    B. have joined   C. have been in 3.  The factory ________ since the February of 1988.   A . has been open  B. has opened   C. was open    D. opened 4.  Mary and Rose ______friends since they met in 2000.   A. have made  B. have been  C. made   D. have become 5. How long _______ he ________ ?  A. died    B. has, died   C. has, been dead 6. He ________ the car for a week.   A. bought    B. has bought   C. has had  7. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .  A. has been  B. has become  C. was    D. became 8、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 二、填空 1、 I______________(borrow→keep) the book from the school library for two weeks. 2、 Mr.Wu_____________(teach) English since he became a teacher about thirty years ago. 3、 The movie ____________(begin→be on) for around an hour. 4、 Zeng Yikang______________(go to →be in) the US for two years. 5、 The window______________(open→be open) for two hours. 三、根据句意，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 1．All of us (make) great progress since we started junior high school. 2.A new restaurant (open) for two months near my neighborhood. 3.---The new shirt looks good on you. When did you buy it? ---On July 7th. I (buy) it for a week. 4.Lei Feng (die) for many years,but his spirit is still encouraging us. 四、按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1.Linda has had the bike for 2 years．（改为一般疑问句） Linda the bike for 2years? 2.His brother joined the army three years ago.（改为同义句） His brother in the army for three years. 3.Mike has owned the pet dog since he was six years old.（对画线部分提问） has Mike owned the pet dog? 4.Lisa has lived here for nine months．（改为同义句） Lisa has lived here nine months . ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $