Unit 4 Section Ⅶ 单元回顾与盘点-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册配套课件PPT（人教版）

该高中英语单元复习课件围绕“太空探索”主题，系统梳理核心语言点，包括按主题语境分类的词汇（太空知识、探索、意义及影响因素）、经典句式（动名词作主语等）及佳句积累，通过主题整合构建完整知识网络，强化知识点内在逻辑联系。 其亮点在于融合主题思维与分层训练，如“太空探索意义”佳句积累提升语言表达能力，续写练习（用瓶盖做轮子的发明故事）培养思维品质，课时跟踪检测（单词拼写、语法填空等）实现个性化复习。这种设计既巩固语言能力，又助力教师精准把握学情，提升复习效率。

　单元回顾与盘点 Section Ⅶ 核心语言点建构 (一)词汇分类汇总 主题语境词汇 1　太空知识　 1．_________ n． 宇航员；太空人 2．______ n. 火箭；火箭弹 3．_______ n. 重力；引力 4．_______ n. 交通工具；车辆 5．_______ n. 人造卫星；卫星 6．_____ n． (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 astronaut rocket gravity vehicle satellite orbit 7．_________ n. 人类 8．_______ n． (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 9．_________ 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 10．__________ n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 11．________ n. 宇宙；天地万物 12．__________ n. 太空行走； 太空行走的时间 13．_______ n. 舱；组件；模块 14．_____ vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流 mankind agency on board spacecraft universe spacewalk module float 15．_____ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 ____________ 太阳系；类太阳系 16．_________ n. 望远镜 17．______ n． 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织 18．_______ n. 设施；设备 19．______ n. 地球；世界；地球仪 20．__________ adj. 高端的 21．_______ n. 氧；氧气 solar solar system telescope tissue facility globe high－end oxygen 主题语境词汇 2　太空探索　 1．__________ n. 程序；步骤；手续 2．__________ vt. 查明；确定；决定 3．_______ vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市 4．_____ n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过 5．_________ vt.& vi. 传输；发送 6．_____ n. [pl.]资料；数据 7．_________ 继续做；坚持干 procedure determine launch leap transmit data carry on 8．_______ vt. 回收利用；再利用 9．_______ adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 10．__________ 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 11．________ n. 模式；图案；模范 12．________ n． (对事物的)分析；分析结果 recycle current figure out pattern analysis 13．________ n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控 14．_________ adv. 经常；定期地 _______ adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的 15．________ n. 神秘事物；谜 16．_______ vt. 系；绑；贴 monitor regularly regular mystery attach 主题语境词汇 3　太空探索的意义　 1．_______ adj. 精神的；思想的 2．__________ adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 3．___________ adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 4．_____ adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人 5．______ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望 6．_______ vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 mental intelligent determined giant desire signal 7．______________________　 抱着……的希望 8．_______ n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 9．_______ prep. 在更远处；超出 10．_________ adj. 足够的；充足的 11．_____ adj. 热衷的；渴望的 12．______ vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论 _________ n. 争论；争吵；论点 13．________ n. 资源；财力；物力 14．______________ 提供生活所需 in the hope of doing sth. muscle beyond sufficient keen argue argument resource provide for sb. 主题语境词汇 4　影响太空探索的因素　 1．______________ n. 失望；沮丧 ____________ adj. 失望的；沮丧的 2．_____________ adv. 独立地；自立地 ____________ adj. 独立的；自立的 3．_____ n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏 4．_____ adj. 致命的；灾难性的 5．_______ adj. 肤浅的；浅的 6．_______ adj. 有限的 disappointment disappointed independently independent lack fatal shallow limited 7．_______ 用完；耗尽 8．_______ adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭 9．_______________ 为了；以便 10．_________ adv. 否则；要不然 11．________ 导致；造成 12．__________ 所以；结果(是) 13．__________ 最后 run out closing so as to (do sth.) otherwise result in as a result in closing (二)经典句式再现 1．动名词短语作主语 Before the mid－20th century, most people felt ___________________ was only a dream that could never come true. 二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。 2．不定式短语作后置定语 However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire _____________________ did not die. 然而，尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。 travelling into space to explore the universe 3．This is because ...(because引导表语从句) ______________ people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。 4．过去分词短语作状语 Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk，___________ the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。 This is because followed by (三)习悟佳句，攻克表达薄弱点 “探索太空的意义”佳句积累 1．That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。 2．Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望做出更有价值的发现，能让人类延续生存，直到未来。 3．Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。 4．Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. 其次，太空探索也已经推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。 5．Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them. 最后，将航天员送入太空促使人们思考全球问题，甚至去寻找解决办法。 主题思维与表达 (一)根据以下图片信息，回答相关问题。 1．Can you name these famous astronauts at home and abroad? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ①Former Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin.He is the first man in space. ②American astronaut Neil Armstrong.He is the first man to set foot on the moon. ③Yang Liwei.He is the first Chinese astronaut to enter space. ④Liu Yang.She is the first Chinese woman astronaut to enter space. 2．What qualities should an astronaut have? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What do you know about the history and development of space exploration? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ To be an astronaut, you must have a strong body, a good level of education, a strong sense of faith, and the ability to analyze and solve problems intelligently. Space exploration began in the mid－1950s with the development of satellites, and people first started entering space in the early 1960s. (二)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One year ago, when we were in the fifth grade, a new classmate named Jack joined us.He was often late for class and had a strange smell on him, which made the girls not want to be “neighbours” with him, let alone sit next to him.It is said that once, a naughty boy curiously opened his backpack and many crushed soda cans and empty drink bottles that we usually throw into the trash fell out.Therefore, the boys in our class mocked (嘲笑) him as the “trash king”． Later, during a class meeting, our teacher, Ms Zhang, told us about his story of using garbage to make inventions.It turns out that Jack is not an ordinary elementary school student, but a “garbage－inspired inventor” who has won the city invention award.According to Ms Zhang, most of his inventions were picked up from garbage dumps (堆)．During that class meeting, Jack showed us his invention of a “domestic wastewater separation system”． Afterwards, some of us became deeply interested in these small inventions and started to admire Jack's way of “picking up trash”．We even joined him in picking up trash on weekends and during holidays.From then on, we no longer called him the “trash king”．Instead, we formed a group of five boys and actively searched for usable materials in various garbage dumps around the city.Under Jack's guidance, we learned that there are many uses for seemingly useless trash.Once, we stayed at school to process the collected materials.Jack mentioned that he was facing a problem with his latest invention — a small cart for buying vegetables that needed to be lightweight. All other materials were solved except for the wheels.How could we find a suitable material for the wheels? We racked our brains (绞尽脑汁) and came up with different ideas, such as using soda cans or taking off the wheels from suitcases.However, Jack reminded us that our group should focus on making inventions from waste rather than causing damage to create them.We were all deep in thought. (根据前文和所给段落开头语，续写用瓶盖做轮子→想法得到杰克的支持→ 收集瓶盖→取得成功→成功感悟。要求逻辑通顺，情节合理。词数80左右。) When I got home and drank a bottle of water, I suddenly had an idea.________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： When I got home and drank a bottle of water, I suddenly had an idea. What if we could use bottle caps as wheels for Jack's vegetable cart? It seemed like a simple solution, but it could work if we found enough bottle caps.I shared my idea with Jack and other boys the next day.They agreed with me.We immediately set out to collect as many bottle caps as we could find.Finally our collective efforts and creativity paid off — the cart rolled smoothly.This experience taught us the power of cooperation and innovation. 课时跟踪检测 单元语基回顾性盘查 Ⅰ.单词拼写(6分) (1)Emotional or _______ (精神上的) problems can arise from a physical cause. (2)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the ________ (宇宙) has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. (3)To raise students' awareness of labor, our school _________ (发起) an activity to rebuild a deserted garden on campus last Friday. mental universe launched (4)When there are fish near a boat, dolphins ______ (发信号) to the fishermen to put their nets in the water. (5)Tony can't have received the invitation. __________ (否则), he would have attended your birthday party yesterday. (6)His words _______ (飘动) in the wind like a bird's happy song. signal Otherwise floated Ⅱ.单句语法填空(16分) (7)Quite a few schoolmates admired her for her good looks and ___________ (intelligent)． (8)___________ (determine) to make a breakthrough in his career, he worked day and night in the company. (9)____________ (disappoint) and frustrated, the poor man made his way back to his family. (10)Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn't know how to deal with them _____________ (independent)． intelligence Determined Disappointed independently (11)We must give up this plan for we're ________ (lack) in funds, which is no doubt a disappointment for every one of us. (12)In fact, ________ (recycle) textbooks are very popular abroad, such as Australia, which sets a good example for us. (13)Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an __________ (argue)． (14)We are doing our best with the ________ (limit) resources available. lacking recycled argument limited Ⅲ.选词填空(16分) carry on, figure out, run out, as a result, so as to, result in, provide for, in the hope of (15)There was such a demand for the new product before midday supplies had _______. (16)They helped and learned from each other; __________, they became good friends. (17)Humans have been exploring the universe for many years and we still can't __________ how it came into existence. run out as a result figure out (18)She'd have enough money to ___________ her children until she could find work. (19)If you _________ studying like that, you will succeed sooner or later. (20)We left the house early _____________ avoiding traffic jams. (21)I think you should read more books ________ learn about Chinese history. (22)Too much usage of this medicine can ________ injury to the liver. carry on in the hope of so as to result in provide for Ⅳ.完成句子(16分) (23)She ___________________________ to be admitted into the key university. 她决心更努力地学习，以便能被这所重点大学录取。 (24)She never gives in to any difficulty and _____________ she is a strong－willed woman. 她从未向任何困难屈服过，那是因为她是一个意志坚强的女人。 (25)I ______________________________ the English speech contest. 我强烈渴望参加这次英语演讲比赛。 (26)____________________________, I have to ask you for some help about learning methods. 面对如此多的困难，我不得不向你寻求一些关于学习方法的帮助。 is determined to study harder that's because have a strong desire to take part in Faced with so many difficulties (27)Tom is _________________________ the math problem. 汤姆是第一个解出这道数学题的学生。 (28)Leave yourself more time to do the homework, ______________ ________________________ all of it. 给自己更多的时间做作业，否则你就很难完成所有的作业。 (29)_____________________ is of great importance to our health. 保持良好的生活方式对我们的健康非常重要。 (30)Neil Armstrong made history by being the first man __________ ___________.尼尔·阿姆斯特朗作为第一个登上月球的人而名垂青史。 the first student to work out otherwise/or you will have difficulty finishing Keeping a good lifestyle to set foot on the moon 单元仿真验收性评价 (时间：100分钟 满分：120分) 第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Celebrate the moon landing anniversary with books Astronomy lovers are not the only ones excited about the anniversary of the moon landing.Publishers are also taking note, serving up a pile of books to mark the occasion. One Giant Leap, $29.99　Charles Fishman Getting to the moon demanded a million hours of work for each hour spent in space, this book argues.Accordingly, the story focuses on the engineers, coders, project managers and others who worked hard to get the Apollo program off the ground. Moonbound, $35　Jonathan Fetter－Vorm Colorful and detailed, the comic－style illustrations (连环画风格的插图) in this book bring the moon landing to life.Much of the astronauts' dialog is based on real recordings, making the book particularly reliable. The Apollo Missions, $19.99　David Baker A former NASA engineer uses photographs, illustrations, blueprints and other documents to guide readers through a clear history of the space race and the Apollo program, from the beginnings of rocket science to the successful return home of the Apollo 11 crew. The Mission of a Lifetime, $22　Basil Hero The Apollo astronauts rarely gave personal interviews.But now that they're getting older, the astronauts are starting to get introspective (内省的)．This book deals with conversations with the 12 astronauts who have general wisdom on overcoming fear and appreciating life. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本用来庆祝登月纪念日的图书。 1．What makes the content of Moonbound reliable? A．The authors' fame. B．The personal interviews. C．The colorful illustrations. D．The related real recordings. 解析：细节理解题。根据“Moonbound”中的“Much of the astronauts' dialog ...particularly reliable.”可知，是一些真实的纪录使“Moonbound”的内容更可靠，故选D。 √ 2．Which of the following should you read if you want to learn about the history of the space race? A．One Giant Leap. B．Moonbound. C．The Apollo Missions. D．The Mission of a Lifetime. 解析：细节理解题。根据“The Apollo Missions”中的“A former NASA engineer ...race and the Apollo program”可知，你要想了解太空竞赛的历史，可以读“The Apollo Missions”这本书，故选C。 √ 3．Who is the text intended for? A．Big publishers. B．Astronomy lovers. C．Leading scientists. D．Inexperienced astronauts. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及下文四本书的介绍可知，本文是写给天文爱好者的，故选B。 √ B For any spaceman hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be important.Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it's possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions (任务), and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.“For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that's already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So, what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil, add water, nutrients and light, and see what happened.The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code (基因序列) has already been fully mapped.For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that are similar to the Martian soil.To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself, according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very, very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow－up studies. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的。这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能。 4．What's the second paragraph mainly about? A．The plants grown in the lunar soil. B．The significance of the findings. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes that plants ...enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义。故选B。 √ 5．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil. B．People have a good knowledge of its genes. C．It has been tested with the lunar soil before. D．It has a long evolutionary history. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code(基因序列)has already been fully mapped.”可知，研究人员在实验中使用拟南芥是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。故选B。 √ 6．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil? A．They absorbed few minerals. B．They grew slowly in the dark. C．They didn't grow well enough. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.”可知，研究人员发现生长在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。故选C。 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Preparing for Farming on the Moon B．Conducting a Study on the Lunar Soil C．Growing Plants in the Lunar Soil D．Making the Lunar Soil Friendlier to Plants √ 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Now, scientists have taken ‘one small step’ towards growing ...a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil.”可知，文章主要介绍了在月球土壤中种植植物的研究。所以“Growing Plants in the Lunar Soil(在月球土壤中种植植物)”作为文章标题最合适。故选C。 C As much as we like to think about nature embodying balance, the universe is actually filled with imbalance, too.Let's take the supernova (超新星) for example.Two stars orbit each other.One of the stars is older, called a “white dwarf”， while the other star is a bit younger.Their mutual gravitational interaction (引力相互作用) pulls material off the younger star and dumps it onto the surface of the white dwarf.If enough material falls onto the dwarf, the stuff dumped onto the white dwarf begins to “burn”． If the conditions are right, you always burn up the same amount of material that gets added.If the donor star is dumping too much material onto the dwarf, the burning runs out of control.It consumes not just the new material on the white dwarf's surface but the whole of the dwarf star itself.So much energy is released so quickly that the star finds itself wildly out of balance.In an instant, it becomes a super－hot ball of unbalanced pressure, BOOM! A supernova is born. Closer to home, a similar but different kind of process happens in volcanoes.Volcanoes are born when magma (熔岩) from deep in the Earth makes its way slowly to the surface through cracks in the planet's crust (地壳)．The heat from the magma builds up a massive pressure imbalance inside the mountain.It's that imbalance that drives the BOOM, the volcanic eruption that rips a zillion tons of rocks away and sends ash 15 miles into the sky. But here's the thing: Supernova, volcanoes and all those other explosions in the universe are not just awesome sights.They are all essential players in cosmic (宇宙的) evolution.Supernovas create a lot of the elements in your body that are essential to life.No supernova, no you.And volcanoes are essential to evolution of the planet, including the cycling of greenhouse gases like CO2 that make Earth habitable.No volcanoes, no you. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以超新星的诞生和火山爆发为例介绍了宇宙中不平衡的现象，这些爆炸不仅是令人敬畏的景象，也是宇宙进化的重要参与者，是生命所必需的。 8．What does the underlined phrase “the donor star” refer to in paragraph 2? A．The younger star.　　　 B．The older star. C．The supernova. D．The white dwarf. √ 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中“One of the stars is older, called a ‘white dwarf’．..younger star and dumps it onto the surface of the white dwarf.”可知，稍年轻的恒星上的物质会因为相互引力作用而被倾倒在白矮星的表面上，再结合画线词所在句“If the donor star is dumping too much material onto the dwarf”可知，此处的the donor star“供体恒星”指的是上文提到的稍年轻的恒星。故选A。 9．What factor leads to both the birth of supernova and volcanic eruption? A．Hot magma. B．Burning material. C．Unbalanced pressure. D．Gravitational interaction. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“So much energy is released so quickly ...unbalanced pressure, BOOM! A supernova is born.”和第三段中“The heat from the magma builds up a massive pressure ...a zillion tons of rocks away and sends ash 15 miles into the sky.”可知，压力不平衡导致了超新星的诞生和火山的爆发。故选C。 10．What can we learn about the explosions in the universe in the last paragraph? A．They evolve as players. B．They create human bodies. C．They are awesome sights. D．They are necessary to life. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，宇宙中的爆炸是宇宙进化的重要参与者，超新星为人体创造了许多生命所必需的元素，火山爆发促进了地球上温室气体的循环。由此可知，这些爆炸是生命所必需的，故选D。 11．In which section of a website can you find this text? A．Profile. B．Science. C．Health. D．Economy. √ 解析：文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“As much as we like to think about nature embodying balance, the universe is actually filled with imbalance, too.”可知，文章主要以超新星的诞生和火山爆发为例介绍了宇宙中不平衡的现象。因此，文章属于科学范畴，可能出自网站的科学部分，故选B。 D The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains：the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrae (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo. One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface. Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth－based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange, winding marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins. Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have round－edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl－shaped insides, and depths that are about one－sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。 12．What does the text mainly discuss? A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions. B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon. C．The origin of the moon's craters. D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms. 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrae (bright highlands)．”并结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。 √ 13．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned? A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface. B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable. C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface. D．To identify how the moon's craters were made. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The contrast in the reflectivity ... Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A。 √ 14．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in paragraph 3 as an example of __________. A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions B．a characteristic of large craters C．a discovery made through the use of Earth－based telescopes D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the Earth and the moon √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earth－based telescopes can recognize ... winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。 15．The last paragraph probably continues with _______. A．some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed B．the different shapes small craters can have C．the reasons craters are difficult to study D．the description of some features of large craters √ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Interesting Space Facts As time goes by, technological advancements have made us learn more facts about space in the past century than in all time before that.We've already searched the universe for the most amazing space facts, including facts about the planets in our solar system, moons, the Milky Way and beyond!__16__ The highest mountain discovered is Olympus Mons, which is located on Mars.It is 16 miles high, making it nearly 3 times higher than Mount Qomolangma. __17__ That's the size of Arizona! The sun weighs about 330,000 times more than Earth. __18__ In fact, the sun is so huge that it contains 99.85% of all mass in our solar system. Footprints left on the moon won't disappear as there is no wind.But wait a minute. __19__ Well, it actually wasn't blowing.That blowing you see is because of a telescopic horizontal rod (望远镜水平杆) that the astronauts were struggling to remove from the flag's top. __20__ This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae (椎骨) to expand a little.However, this extra height is lost when they re－enter the Earth's atmosphere and are affected by the Earth's gravity again. A．We're pretty sure they will make you interested! B．New discoveries will no longer be made in the future. C．It is so large that it can contain about 1,300,000 Earths! D．Not only is it tall, but it's 114,000 square meters as well. E．All these space facts may not be true at the time of writing. F．Astronauts can grow about two inches in height when in space. G．If there's no wind to blow them away, then why is the flag blowing? 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些太空中有趣的事。 16．选A　根据上文可知，文章要介绍一些关于太空的事情，一定会让读者感兴趣。A项(我们很肯定它们会让你感兴趣！)符合语境。 17．选D　根据上文可知，本段在对奥林匹斯山的具体情况进行介绍，D项中的“it”指代上文的“Olympus Mons”。D项(它不仅高，而且有11.4万平方米。)符合语境。 18．选C　根据上文可知，太阳的重量大约是地球的33万倍，空处承接上文，继续描述太阳的大小，C项中的“it”指代上文中的“The sun”。C项(它是如此之大，以至于它可以容纳大约130万个地球！)符合语境。 19．选G　根据上文可知，本段主要讨论月球上是否有风，G项中的“wind”和上文对应。G项(如果没有风把它们吹走，那为什么旗帜在飘扬？)符合语境。 20．选F　根据下文可知，这是由于太空中缺乏重力导致椎骨略微扩张，空处和下文形成因果关系，说明宇航员在太空中可以长高。F项 (宇航员在太空中可以长高2英寸。)符合语境。 第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A 54－year－old dentist, Goodman purchased his first __21__ in 1990 and joined the Howard Astronomical League (HAL) in 2000.“There aren't too many big astronomy __22__，” said Marc Feuerberg, who is President of HAL. “If you are into astronomy at all, you kind of end up here.” HAL which has about 120 members __23__ “star parties” several times a month.The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools, with the __24__ of creating a new generation of sky __25__. Astronomy in general is sort of like ham radio.It was __26__ just after World War Ⅱ，__27__ now it is “kind of graying”， said Chas Rimpo, the club's events organizer. Members offer several reasons for the __28__： kids today would rather look at stuff on computers than __29__； people think the telescopes are hard to __30__. But they say there's nothing like being outdoors, looking at the sky and considering Earth's tiny place in the __31__. HAL members are doing what they can to make an impression on a new generation of __32__ astronomy lovers.Plans are under way to __33__ the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimpo. Alpha Ridge Park was chosen as the site because it is __34__ located near Interstate 70, but mostly because it has little light pollution, said Goodman. “It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place，” Goodman said, “but once it is __35__， it will be run by HAL members and be open to the public.And it will give HAL a place of its own.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。 解析：根据后文“Howard Astronomical League”可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。 √ 21．A.radio　　　　　　　　 B．telescope C．machine D．computer 解析：根据上文“Howard Astronomical League”可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。 √ 22．A.schools B．clubs C．companies D．centers 解析：根据后文“star parties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools”也是提示。故选B。 √ 23．A.takes B．holds C．builds D．opens 解析：根据后文“of creating a new generation of sky”可知，此处指举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。 √ 24．A.opinion B．suggestion C．goal D．agreement 解析：根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。 √ 25．A.watchers B．astronauts C．visitors D．astronomers 解析：根据后文“now it is ‘kind of graying’”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。 √ 26．A.successful B．popular C．important D．secure 解析：根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。 √ 27．A.and B．so C．but D．though 解析：根据上文“now it is ‘kind of graying’”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。 √ 28．A.shortcomings B．disadvantages C．failure D．decline 解析：根据上文“kids today would rather look at stuff on computers”可知，如今的孩子更喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。 √ 29．A.watch out B．go away C．go out D．give away 解析：根据上文“people think the telescopes are hard to”可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。 √ 30．A.operate B．purchase C．adjust D．calculate 解析：根据上文“considering Earth's tiny place in the”可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。 √ 31．A.sky B．universe C．earth D．world 解析：根据上文“a new generation of”可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。 √ 32．A.skillful B．excellent C．potential D．patient 解析：根据后文“the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。 √ 33．A.pick B．insert C．fit D．place 解析：根据后文“located near Interstate 70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。 √ 34．A.totally B．conveniently C．partly D．conventionally 解析：根据上文“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。 √ 35．A.chosen B．designed C．completed D．found 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The International Space Station (ISS) is an 36._________(extreme) high－tech spacecraft.It's packed with advanced instruments and the fact 37. _________it's basically a floating science lab tells you all you need 38. _________ (know) about how important it is to NASA, the European Space Agency, and Russia's Roscosmos.But, like any machine, it needs some love every now and then, and a couple of 39. _________ (spacewalk) will provide the ISS 40. _________ some much－needed upgrades. According to 41. ____________ schedule provided by NASA, the first took place on June 26th and the other 42. ____________ (happen) on July 1st.During both spacewalks, astronauts were tasked with 43. ____________ (change) old and outdated batteries to new, higher－capacity batteries. The ISS uses a great amount of power, and it has a solar power array (太阳能阵列) to provide that power.However, because the space station completes over ten trips around the Earth every single day, the spacecraft is often covered by the shadow 44. ____________ (produce) by our planet.During those dark moments, the space station maintains its power supply by using juice 45. ____________is saved in its batteries.The old, outdated batteries are in need of replacement, and work on the project began three years ago. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际空间站的作用及重要性。 36．extremely　考查副词。空处修饰形容词high－tech，应用副词形式，故填extremely。 37．that　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个同位语从句，对fact的内容解释说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故填that。 38．to know　考查非谓语动词。need在肯定句中常用作实义动词，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，是固定搭配，故填to know。 39．spacewalks　考查名词复数。spacewalk是可数名词，根据a couple of可知，此处应用复数形式，故填spacewalks。 40．with　考查介词。provide sb.with sth.“为某人提供某物”，是固定搭配，故填with。 41．the　考查冠词。此处特指“NASA提供的时间表”，故填the。 42．happened　考查动词的时态。此处是and连接的两个简单句，前一个分句使用的是一般过去时，再结合“on July 1st”可知，此处也用一般过去时，故填happened。 43．changing　考查非谓语动词。此处作介词with的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填changing。 44．produced　考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语形式，动词produce和逻辑主语the shadow之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填produced。 45．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是juice，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用that或which引导，故填that/which。 第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 你校将以四月十二日世界航天日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．太空探索的重要性； 2．你的期待。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Space Exploration Lights up Dreams April 12 was officially named by the UN in 2011 as World Space Day. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Space Exploration Lights up Dreams April 12 was officially named by the UN in 2011 as World Space Day.We observe this day to inspire more people to learn scientific knowledge and generate innovative ideas about space. Space exploration is essential for us.It has made a difference in fighting world hunger.The satellite data on weather patterns has helped farmers grow more food.Besides, many space experiments have promoted incredible products like organ monitors and digital cameras for us and we will learn how to live in a different environment. Our progress in space exploration gives me hope and inspires me to make contributions to it.I dream of people living in space one day and building a shared community there. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Right Thing My mother worked as a housekeeper and she was often given used toys as well as many other goodies by her clients.My elder sister and I always loved sharing the recycled books and board games brought home by my beloved mom, which we considered great gifts life presented us. The long－awaited New Year finally approached.One December day, an old model toy car arrived in the load of goods.It was as long as my forearm and took both hands to lift.My sister didn't want it, so it was all mine.I immediately set about wiping it clean and polishing it to a bright candy－apple red.It turned out to be a thing of beauty, and I became overjoyed at possessing it.My elder sister was amazed at the newly－polished, refreshing toy car, with a hint of regret and envy in her eyes. As was planned, our relatives from France came to visit us that New Year.It was a time when the family bond got strengthened.I shared the prized toy car with Alex, my young French cousin.Eyes glued to it, he fell in love with the wonderful, shiny red automobile the instant he saw it.It was a rare moment to see him feeling so relieved and happy.He'd been unlucky so far in life, suffering severe life－threatening illnesses as a child, leaving him mentally and physically stuck and the family starved of cash.Of course, such lovely toys like my dear model car were unreachable dreams for him. Seeing Alex's consuming thrill brought by the red car, I was seized by immense joy as well.But contrary to Alex's excitement, a voice inside me constantly reminded, “Watch out! He'd keep it for himself.”， which got me faintly worried.I followed my cousin for fear of something. My mother also noticed Alex's fondness for the car.Approaching me, she asked gently in a low voice, “Would you like to give it to Alex？” 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Giving or keeping? I struggled with myself._____________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex. ________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Giving or keeping? I struggled with myself.Giving it? Hardly could I imagine life without the model car! After all, it was my most precious treasure, which I had been proud of.My heart kept aching at the prospect of giving it away.Nope! I shook my head determinedly.Glancing at my mother's expectant eyes, I couldn't help sobbing.Keeping it? Definitely, it would otherwise upset Alex.Torn between the two tough choices, I was totally at a loss.Nevertheless, deep down, I could feel my affection for Alex.Yep! I resolved to do the right thing. In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex.Though I was crushed to see it go, my heart sang when I saw his beaming face as he tightly clutched it.Seeing the thumbs－up from my mother and sister, I did swell with relief, pride and joy, for I knew it was not a gift; to some extent, it was our concern and love for him.Plus, sharing the model car also strengthened our bond, which, I was fully convinced, would always uplift him.An effort made for the happiness of others lifted us above ourselves as well. 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.zghkt.cn $