Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language语法项目——非限制性定语从句-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册配套课件PPT（人教版）

该高中英语课件聚焦过去完成时及其被动语态，通过“语境中体悟”以村庄小学发展时间线为例导入，衔接“学案中理清”的构成规则与用法辨析，再到“应用中融通”的句型转换和短文填空，构建从感知到运用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语境化输入与结构化梳理，通过对比过去完成时与一般过去时的时间状语差异培养思维品质，多样化练习（如“对点练”填空、短文时态填空）提升语言能力，助力学生系统掌握语法，为教师提供清晰教学流程与检测工具。

Learning About Language 语法项目——表语从句 Section Ⅲ 语境中体悟 学案中理清 应用中融通 课时跟踪检测 Contents 目录 01 02 03 04 2 01 语境中体悟 The primary school in my village was built several years ago. It had been① famous throughout the town before I studied there. By 1978, the school had been changed② several times. By the end of last century, it had become③ a model school. When I graduated, it had won④ many honors. Before last year's anniversary of the founding of the school, most of its buildings had been rebuilt⑤ and it is now larger and more beautiful than ever before. [语法入门] ①过去完成时。主从句的动作都发生在过去，动作在前的要用过去完成时； ②过去完成时的被动语态。时间状语为by介词短语，表示“过去的过去”； ③过去完成时。动作发生在“过去的过去”； ④过去完成时。when引导的时间状语从句中动作发生在过去，主句动作在前，要用过去完成时； ⑤过去完成时的被动语态。表示动作发生在“过去的过去”。 02 学案中理清 [自主感知] ①(教材典句)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. ②(教材典句)When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. ③Had you visited the Forbidden City before you came here last year? ④I hadn't finished reading the book by nine o'clock last night. ⑤What had you done before the boss made the decision? [会发现]　过去完成时及其被动语态的构成 种类 构成 匹配例句 (只填写序号) 肯定句 主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他成分． ____________ 否定句 主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他成分． ______________ 一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋had. 否定回答：No, 主语＋had not. _____________ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？ __________________ 被动结构 主语＋had (not) been done＋其他成分．  __________________ ② ④ ③ ⑤ ① [规则点拨] 一、过去完成时　 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”。 (一)用法 1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。与过去完成时连用的时间状语常有：by＋过去的时间点；by the end of＋过去的时间点；before＋过去的时间点；还可以通过上下文的暗示。 ①By about 6000 BC, people had discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 到公元前6000年左右，人们已经发现了最好的可种植的农作物和最好的可饲养的动物。 ②More than six hundred trees had been planted before last Wednesday. 在上周三前已经种了600多棵树。 ③They became homeless again，for their house had been destroyed in the earthquake.他们又一次无家可归了，因为他们的房子在地震中被毁掉了。 ④By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I had cooked the dinner already. 昨天我父母到家时，我已经把晚饭做好了。 2．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等动词。 ①They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 ②I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事发生了。 ③He had intended that he would come to see you himself, but he was too busy. 他本来打算亲自来看你，但他太忙了。 3．用于宾语从句中。 当主句为一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，宾语从句要用过去完成时。一般用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。 ①I wanted to make dumplings but found I had run out of flour, so I went out to buy some. 我想包饺子，但发现面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。 ②I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.我迅速在人群中寻找学校的教练，问他发生了什么事。 4．用于状语从句中。 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 ①After he had finished his homework, he watched the TV.完成作业后，他才看电视的。 ②The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach.第一天我把它关了，因为我把它放在伸手可及的地方。 ③People were moving around me as if they hadn't seen me.人们在我周围走动，好像没看见我似的。 [名师点津]　有时before, after引导时间状语从句时，主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，时间先后不明显，则主、从句都可用一般过去时。 After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 关上门后，他离开了教室。 5．过去完成时常用于某些特殊句型中。 (1)主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时，hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装) Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches. ＝We had hardly arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches. 我们一到农场就看见橙子挂满枝头。 (2)It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时) It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。 (3)It was the first/second ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时) It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 [对点练1] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①By the end of last month he _____________(work) in Shanghai for twenty years. ②When I got to school, I realized I ___________(leave) my schoolbag at home. ③She _____________(work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher. had worked had left had worked ④I __________(want) to cook with you but couldn't get here in time. ⑤The pen I thought I ________ (lose) was on my desk, right under my nose. (2)完成句子 ⑥We ______________________come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 ⑦The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized ______________ _____________________. 他刚一交上考卷就意识到忘了写名字了。 had wanted had lost had hoped to be able to he had forgotten to write down his name ⑧I _________________________at the airport, but I had some things to deal with. 我本来打算去机场接你们，但我有一些事情要处理。 ⑨It was three years since we______________. 我们离开那座城市已有三年了。 ⑩We _____________________than a thunderstorm broke. 我们刚出发就遇到了雷雨。 had intended to pick you up had left the city had no sooner set out (二)过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间发生的动作。 ①They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 昨天10点他们已经到达车站了。 ②They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 昨天10点他们到达车站。 2．在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.Because she had just won the first prize in the composition competition. 她很高兴，她全家人也很高兴，因为她在作文比赛中获得了一等奖。 (三)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语；而过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语。 ①She had been ill for a week before she came back. 在回来之前，她病了一周了。 ②She has been ill for a week. 她已经病了一周了。 [对点练2]　(完成句子) ①I wrote back telling my teacher that ______________________ ______________. 我回信告诉老师，他的表扬极大地鼓励了我。 ②The product _____________since it was first introduced into the market. 这种产品自上市以来就很流行。 his praise had greatly encouraged me has taken off ③By the time I got up, my sister ___________________________ ________. 到我起床的时候，我姐姐已经把衣服都洗了。 ④She said that ______________________________before she came to our school. 她说她来我们学校之前已经学了多年英语了。 had already washed all the clothes she had learned English for years 二、过去完成时的被动语态　 1．表示过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作，强调动作的承受者，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。 ①Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer companies. 马克是个天才，到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作(机会)。 ②The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前教室还没有被打扫过。 2．在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 3．根据语意可以判断出在过去时间段中动作先后的被动语态，先发生的动作用过去完成时的被动语态。 As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. 工作完成后，他继续在网上搜索。 [对点练3]　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①Jones got the idea after he __________(talk) with an elderly lady who _______________(cheat) of her money. ②The boy didn't remember whether his homework ___________ ________ (hand) in. ③The media reported more than 1,000 people ________________ (kill) in the earthquake. had talked had been cheated had been handed had been killed 03 应用中融通 Ⅰ.句型转换 1．By the end of last year we had built five new buildings. →______________________________________________________ (变为被动语态) 2．Someone had broken into my house before I returned. →______________________________________________________ (变为被动语态) Five new buildings had been built (by us) by the end of last year. My house had been broken into (by someone) before I returned. 3．She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. ①____________________________________________________ __________(变为否定句) ②______________________________________________________ ____________(变为一般疑问句) ③_____________________________________________________ ____________(对句中主语she提问) She hadn't finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. Had she finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？ Who had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？ Ⅱ.用括号内单词的正确时态完成下面短文 A cow and a fox went out to search for food together.They ①_____ _____ (go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way.They were both very frightened.The fox ②________ (think) of a way of saving his own life, and went up to the lion and said in his ear，“I ③________ (help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him，if you let me go free.” The lion ④________ (agree)，and the fox then led the cow to a hidden pit (坑), which a hunter ⑤_________ (dig) as a trap for wild animals, and the cow had gone thought will help agreed had dug ⑥____ (fall) into it.When the lion saw that the cow ⑦_______________ (catch) and couldn't get away, he ⑧________ (turn) his attention to the fox.He soon finished him off，and then ⑨_____ (go) on to eat the cow. Betray (背叛) a friend, and you'll often find you ⑩_____________ (ruin) yourself. fell had been caught turned went have ruined 04 课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Some people have glibly (轻率地) called it the “Chinese burger”. But roujiamo, a food that has its origins in northern China's Shaanxi Province, is different from what you'd order at a fast-food restaurant, with a far longer history that dates back 2,000 years. Roujiamo is a thing of beauty — a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork. Most amazingly, some customers might show their respect for the pork in this little bun, which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them. Among a sea of tough competition, Lijiarongxi, a restaurant recognized as the best roujiamo place in town, should owe its success to the soup used to slow-cook its meat, which has been braised on the stove since the founder, Mr Li, first braised it 27 years ago. In fact, most restaurants of good fame have an exclusive heritage recipe (家传秘方) for their soups that often date back to decades ago. The soup in Fanji Roujiamo, one of Xi'an's best-known roujiamo restaurants, is believed to be more than 80 years old! You might eat the bun quickly in seconds, but like all good things, it should be given time to enjoy. Chefs braise the pork in its decade-old soup for hours and let it sit overnight, making the meat more tender. Such tenderly-cooked meat is what lends this dish the nickname “lao han xi” in Xianyang. That's because the best roujiamo meat is so soft that it should melt in your mouth without having to chew it — imagining the elderly customers in question, without a perfect set of teeth. It's also worth noting that like most types of regional Chinese food, roujiamo varies depending on the city and community. Buns come baked or pan-fried, and for the meat, some communities in Shaanxi often use beef, while people in Ningxia usually choose lamb. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陕西的特色小吃——肉夹馍。 √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“a soft but chewy bun filled with small pieces of braised (炖) pork”可知，肉夹馍是夹带肉且有嚼劲的饼。 1．What is TRUE about roujiamo? A．A soft but chewy bun with meat. B．A pork bun with a history less than 2,000 years. C．A kind of food ordered at fast-food restaurants. D．A typical burger originating in Shaanxi Province. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，是比有些顾客年纪还大的炖肉的老汤使人们对肉夹馍感到震惊。 2．What is the main factor that makes roujiamo amazing? A．A sea of fierce competition. B．The softness of the meat. C．The soup used to braise the meat. D．Its exclusive heritage recipes. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，肉夹馍之所以得名“老汉喜”，是因为肉不需要咀嚼，很适合牙口不好的老年人。 3．What does the nickname “lao han xi” suggest in paragraph 3? A．The decade-old soup is so attractive that the old feel like bathing in it. B．The meat gets soft and is friendly for the old to eat, making them happy. C．The meat turns tough after being braised in its decade-old soup for hours. D．The meat melts in the mouth of the old, who sigh for not tasting it successfully. √ 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，特别是从第二段第一句中的“show their respect for the pork”以及“which was just bathed in the soup that is older than them”可以看出，文章用词幽默，且字里行间透露出作者对这种传统美食的喜爱之情。 4．What are the tones of the text? A．Humorous and affectionate. B．Ridiculous and religious. C．Serious but affectionate. D．Humorous but ridiculous. Ⅱ.完形填空 On the edge of a bustling square in Bordeaux, France, a weekly-changing menu is posted outside an ancient limestone building.But this isn't for a popular restaurant — it's my son's new school _____menu, and it's unlike anything we encountered in America. Back in Richmond, Virginia, school lunches were quick and simple：hamburgers, hot dogs and pizza tossed (扔) onto disposable trays in a ______cafeteria, with the monitors struggling to maintain order.My son often came home _____， calling lunch his least favorite part of the day. 5 6 7 In Bordeaux, his school offers something entirely _____.Meals are multi-course — starter, main, cheese, and dessert —_______on real plates in a neat canteen.Local, seasonal ingredients (食材) are prioritized, including sustainable seafood and organic produce.Students are encouraged to sample everything provided.Lunch lasts about 40 minutes, after which the students ______the tables themselves, removing any leftover food into a bowl to be ______.They spend the rest of their ______on the playground. 8 9 10 11 12 In all French schools, lunch is a part of the students' education where they learn about proper nutrition, ______eating and the value of trying new things.They're practicing socializing, ___and sustainability while benefiting from a well-deserved rest in the middle of a busy day.These lessons _____the French into adulthood.Across France, lunch is viewed as a cherished time to _____the body, often while reconnecting with friends and family. 13 14 15 16 I'm grateful my son had the chance to be part of this way of life.When we _____to the U．S., we'll carry these _____with us — slowing down, enjoying meals and embracing new traditions.And I might just _____some smelly cheese in his lunchbox, for old time's sake. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位父亲对比法国学校午餐和美国学校午餐的差异，并表述了法国学校午餐对学生的积极影响。 17 18 19 √ 解析：根据第三段“In all French schools, lunch is a part of the students' education”可知，此处指的是午餐菜单。 5．A.breakfast　　　　　 B．lunch C．dinner D．snack √ 解析：根据下文“with the monitors struggling to maintain order”可知，自助餐厅很凌乱。 6．A.empty B．quiet C．messy D．tidy √ 解析：根据下文“calling lunch his least favorite part of the day”可知，儿子对午餐不满意，因此回家时心情沮丧。 7．A.hopeful B．surprised C．cheerful D．discouraged √ 解析：根据上文“Back in Richmond, Virginia, school lunches were quick and simple：hamburgers, hot dogs and pizza tossed (扔) onto disposable trays”和下文“Meals are multi-course — starter, main, cheese, and dessert”可知，儿子在波尔多的学校吃的午餐与在美国吃的不同。 8．A.simple B．different C．homemade D．affordable √ 解析：根据下文“on real plates in a neat canteen”可知，此处指饭菜被端上餐桌。 9．A.served B．analyzed C．preserved D．designed √ 解析：根据下文“the tables themselves, removing any leftover food into a bowl”可知，此处指学生们自己收拾桌子。clear the tables“收拾桌子”。 10．A.fix B．paint C．set D．clear √ 解析：根据上文“removing any leftover food into a bowl to be”和下文“They're practicing socializing,________and sustainability”可知，学校会把剩下的食物回收。 11．A.delivered B．shared C．recycled D．donated √ 解析：根据上文“Lunch lasts about 40 minutes”和“They spend the rest of their”以及下文“a well-deserved rest in the middle of a busy day”可知，此处指学生们午餐后度过剩下的休息时间。 12．A.shift B．break C．day D．class √ 解析：根据第二段“Meals are multi-course — starter, main, cheese, and dessert”“Local, seasonal ingredients ... to sample everything provided.”以及空前“where they learn about proper nutrition”可知，饭菜品类丰富，优先选用当地时令食材，包括可持续发展的海鲜和有机农产品，学生们知道合理的营养，所以此处指学生们懂得均衡饮食。 13．A.careless B．fast C．emotional D．balanced √ 解析：根据上文“Lunch lasts about 40 minutes, after which the students_______the tables themselves, removing any leftover food into a bowl to be________.”可知，学生们自己收拾桌子。此处指学生练习社交、独立和可持续性。 14．A.creativity B．leadership C．independence D．cooperation √ 解析：根据上文“In all French schools, lunch is a part of the students' education”和下文“the French into adulthood”可知，午餐是法国学生受教育的一部分，陪伴着他们成长。 15．A.stick with B．take over C．develop from D．bring together √ 解析：根据上文“lunch is viewed as a cherished time to”和下文“the body”可知，此处指午餐给身体补充能量。 16．A.fix B．train C．test D．fuel √ 解析：根据第二段“Back in Richmond, Virginia”和下文“to the U．S.”可知，此处指回到美国。 17．A.adjust B．return C．travel D．struggle √ 解析：根据下文“slowing down, enjoying meals and embracing new traditions”可知，此处指带着在法国养成的习惯回到美国。 18．A.fears B．opportunities C．challenges D．habits √ 解析：根据下文“some smelly cheese in his lunchbox”可知，此处指为了怀旧，作者可能会在儿子的午餐盒里悄悄放一些 (风味独特的)臭奶酪。故选A。 19．A.slip B．grab C．identify D．mark Ⅲ.语法填空(15分) Jingdezhen Cold Rice Noodles, 20.______ traditional Chinese snack from Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, is renowned for its unique flavor and robust appearance.Its origins 21._______ (root) in the city's history and culture deeply, dating back to the Qing Dynasty.Records from that era mention “fine food” and “fine ceramics”， 22. _____ (indicate) the locals' focus on food quality and taste. The noodles are thicker and rounder than common rice noodles, providing a chewy texture.They are 23. _______ (typical) seasoned with sesame oil, chili sauce, spring onions, and orange peel, creating a rich and unique flavor.In Jingdezhen, a day often starts 24._____ a bowl of cold rice noodles, highlighting its importance in local cuisine. Over time, Jingdezhen Cold Rice Noodles 25.________ (evolve)．During the 1980s, a peak period for Jingdezhen's porcelain industry, many factory workers consumed the noodles, contributing to 26.________ (it) popularity.Today, local noodle businesses focus on brand development, and younger 27.______(generation) are taking over family businesses, injecting fresh vitality into the development of cold rice noodles. In 28.________ (conclude), Jingdezhen Cold Rice Noodles are an integral part of the daily diet and culture of Jingdezhen, reflecting the lifestyle and dietary habits of its people.29. _______their origin and development mirror is the city's culinary evolution and cultural heritage. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了江西景德镇的传统小吃——景德镇冷粉的历史以及特点。 20．a　考查冠词。此处snack为泛指，且traditional是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 21．are rooted　考查时态和主谓一致。短语be rooted in表示“植根于”，且陈述事实用一般现在时；主语为origins，谓语用复数。故填are rooted。 22．indicating　考查非谓语动词。此处indicate与上文构成主动关系，需用其现在分词作状语。故填indicating。 23．typically　考查副词。修饰动词seasoned (给……调味)用副词typically。 24．with　考查介词。短语start with表示“以……开始”。 25．have evolved　 考查时态和主谓一致。根据上文Over time可知，时态为现在完成时；主语为Jingdezhen Cold Rice Noodles，助动词用have。故填have evolved。 26．its　考查代词。限定后面名词应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 27．generations　考查名词复数。根据后文are可知，用复数作主语。故填generations。 28．conclusion　考查名词。短语in conclusion表示“总之”。 29．What　考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物用what，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.zghkt.cn $